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The Effect of Climate Change on Salmonid Fishes in Rivers 气候变化对河流中鲑科鱼类的影响
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.3390/fishes9010029
Bror Jonsson
Climate warming is a serious threat to many organisms, such as cold-adapted ectotherms [...]
气候变暖严重威胁着许多生物,如适应寒冷的外温动物[......]
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引用次数: 0
Sex-Dependent Lipid Profile Differences in Skin Mucus between Non-Parental and Parental Discus Fish (Symphysodon haraldi) Determined by Lipidomics 通过脂质组学确定非亲代和亲代馁鳃鱼(Symphysodon haraldi)皮肤粘液中脂质谱的性别差异
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Pub Date : 2024-01-07 DOI: 10.3390/fishes9010027
Shichen Zhao, Bin Wen, Hua Liang, Jianzhong Gao, Zai-Zhong Chen
Discus fish, Symphysodon spp., have a unique parental care strategy where the fry feed on their parents’ skin mucus after hatching. Here, lipidomics was employed to compare the skin mucus lipid profiles of male or female discus fish during parental and non-parental care. By multivariate statistical analysis, clear separations were found between parental and non-parental female and between parental and non-parental male discus. In the comparison between female discus in the parental and non-parental stages, a total of 107 differentially expressed lipids (DELs) were observed, of which 23 showed increased levels during parental care. For male discus, a total of 108 DELs were found, of which 46 displayed increased levels during parental care. The main DELs were phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, mainly involved in arachidonic acid and sphingolipid metabolism pathways. Further, by comparing parental male and female discus, we found 47 DELs involved in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. Diglyceride showed a higher concentration in the skin mucus of parental females, while phospholipids showed a higher level in that of parental males. Our results revealed changes in the skin mucus lipid profiles of discus fish during parental care, as well as sex-dependent differences between parental fish.
铁饼鱼(Symphysodon spp.)有一种独特的亲鱼护理策略,即鱼苗孵化后以亲鱼的皮肤粘液为食。在此,脂质组学被用来比较雄性或雌性铁饼鱼在亲鱼和非亲鱼照料期间的皮肤粘液脂质特征。通过多变量统计分析,发现亲鱼和非亲鱼雌性铁饼之间以及亲鱼和非亲鱼雄性铁饼之间存在明显的差异。在亲鱼和非亲鱼阶段的雌性铁饼之间的比较中,共观察到 107 种差异表达脂质(DELs),其中 23 种在亲鱼照料期间含量增加。雄性铁饼共发现了 108 个差异表达脂质(DEL),其中 46 个在亲鱼照料期间含量增加。主要的DELs是磷脂酰乙醇胺和磷脂酰肌醇,它们主要参与花生四烯酸和鞘脂代谢途径。此外,通过比较亲代雌雄铁饼,我们发现有47个DEL参与甘油磷脂代谢途径。在亲代雌鱼的皮肤粘液中,二甘油酯的含量较高,而在亲代雄鱼的皮肤粘液中,磷脂的含量较高。我们的研究结果揭示了铁饼鱼在亲鱼照料期间皮肤粘液脂质的变化,以及亲鱼之间的性别差异。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of “Bathed” Chinese Mitten Crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) Using Geometric Morphological Analysis of the Carapace 利用甲壳几何形态分析鉴定 "洗澡 "的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.3390/fishes9010006
Yiqian Xu, Junren Xue, Hongbo Liu, T. Jiang, Xiubao Chen, Jian Yang
To confirm whether Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis), commonly known as hairy crabs or river crabs, in non-Yangcheng Lake areas undergo morphological convergence with the original crabs in the Yangcheng Lake purse seine and high-standard modified aquaculture ponds after being “introduced” or “bathed”-cultured, we employed a geometric morphometrics approach. This approach allowed us to compare and analyze the dynamic changes in the carapace morphology of both the original and “introduced” crabs in Yangcheng Lake and high-standard ponds in Kunshan City at 0, 7, 14, and 30 days after “bathing” culture. The geometric morphological analysis of the carapace was conducted using a system of 35 established landmarks. The stepwise discriminant analysis of the relative distortion score revealed morphological differences between “introduced” and resident original crabs in the Yangcheng Lake area and in high-standard modified ponds after 7, 14, and 30 days of bathing culture. The accuracy of the discriminant analysis was 100%. The results of the geometric morphological visualization demonstrated that the carapaces of the bathed crabs underwent adaptive changes in the water. However, even after one month of bathing culture, the “introduced” crabs in lakes and ponds could not reach the morphological characteristics of the original crabs, i.e., their carapaces did not exhibit the characteristics of the original crabs.
为了证实非阳澄湖地区的中华绒螯蟹(俗称大闸蟹或河蟹)在被 "引进 "或 "浸浴 "养殖后是否与阳澄湖围网和高标准改良养殖池塘中的原蟹发生形态趋同,我们采用了几何形态计量学方法。通过该方法,我们比较分析了阳澄湖和昆山市高标准池塘中原蟹和 "引进 "蟹在 "浸浴 "养殖后 0、7、14 和 30 天的胴体形态动态变化。采用 35 个已建立的地标系统对蟹体进行几何形态分析。通过对相对变形分值的逐步判别分析,发现阳澄湖地区和高标准改造池塘中的 "引进 "原蟹和常住原蟹在 "浸浴 "养殖 7、14 和 30 天后存在形态差异。判别分析的准确率为 100%。几何形态可视化结果表明,浴养河蟹的甲壳在水中发生了适应性变化。然而,即使经过一个月的浸浴养殖,湖泊和池塘中的 "引进 "河蟹也无法达到原始河蟹的形态特征,即它们的甲壳没有表现出原始河蟹的特征。
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引用次数: 0
In Silico Evaluation of the PCR Performance of Different Tests for Detection of WSSV 对检测 WSSV 的不同检测方法的 PCR 性能进行硅学评估
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.3390/fishes9010005
A. Sánchez‐Paz, T. Encinas-García, F. Mendoza-Cano
In this study, the primers of different protocols for the detection of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) were analyzed in silico to evaluate their potential performance in PCR. As with any biological entity, this virus evolves constantly. Thus, this analysis showed that a few primers, including those recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH), might mismatch with some isolates of WSSV, specially with isolates more recently sequenced. Furthermore, a set of primers recommended by WOAH, showed the potential to self-dimer and form hairpin loop structures, which could affect the efficiency of PCR, resulting in an inaccurate diagnostic result. From our perspective, and considering the evolutionary trajectory of this virus, it may be time for the WOAH to update the PCR protocols recommended for WSSV detection, which remains as a highly prevalent and lethal virus.
本研究对用于检测白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)的不同方案的引物进行了硅分析,以评估它们在 PCR 中的潜在性能。与任何生物实体一样,这种病毒也在不断演变。因此,该分析表明,包括世界动物卫生组织(WOAH)推荐的引物在内的一些引物可能会与某些 WSSV 分离物不匹配,特别是与最近测序的分离物不匹配。此外,WOAH 推荐的一组引物有可能自聚并形成发夹环结构,从而影响 PCR 的效率,导致诊断结果不准确。从我们的角度来看,并考虑到这种病毒的进化轨迹,WOAH 也许应该更新推荐用于检测 WSSV 的 PCR 方案,因为 WSSV 仍然是一种高度流行的致命病毒。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular Analysis of Two Endemic Squalius Species: Evidence for Intergeneric Introgression among Cyprinids and Conservation Issues 两个地方性鳞鱼物种的分子分析:鲤科鱼类属间杂交的证据和保护问题
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.3390/fishes9010004
D. Valić, Matej Kristan Mirković, V. Besendorfer, E. Teskeredžić
Conservation of indigenous species, especially endemic ones, is of the utmost importance. Morphological determination of species is usually not sufficient; therefore, molecular phylogenetic analyses of the Illyrian chub, Squalius illyricus, and the Zrmanja chub, Squalius zrmanjae, from the Krka River were performed. For the genetic characterization of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b and the non-coding nuclear region Cyfun P, 15 specimens from each species were subjected to analysis. The obtained sequences were aligned with similar ones from GenBank to determine the taxonomic and phylogenetic position of these species. The obtained molecular results imply that S. zrmanjae from the Krka River has a nuclear region that resembles Dalmatian rudd, Scardinius dergle. This result implies an introgression event and the transfer of genetic information between the two genera. The investigated species are on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, their biological data are scarce, and further investigation and protection are needed.
保护本土物种,尤其是特有物种至关重要。通常,仅从形态上确定物种是不够的;因此,我们对克尔卡河中的伊利里亚鲢鱼(Squalius illyricus)和兹尔曼亚鲢鱼(Squalius zrmanjae)进行了分子系统学分析。为了确定线粒体基因细胞色素 b 和非编码核区 Cyfun P 的遗传特征,对每个物种的 15 个标本进行了分析。获得的序列与 GenBank 中的相似序列进行了比对,以确定这些物种的分类和系统发育位置。获得的分子结果表明,克尔卡河的 S. zrmanjae 的核区与达尔马提亚白鲑(Scardinius dergle)相似。这一结果意味着这两个种属之间存在引种事件和遗传信息的转移。所调查的物种已被列入《世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》,其生物数据稀缺,需要进一步调查和保护。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Turbidity on the Behavior of Bleak (Alburnus alburnus) 浊度对鲌鱼行为的影响
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.3390/fishes9010003
P. Horká, Monika Vlachova
In group-living species, social interactions with conspecifics play a crucial role in group formation and the ability to make consensus decisions, with far-reaching consequences for ecological and evolutionary processes in natural populations. Individual recognition and partner preferences based on social familiarity are important mechanisms driving a range of interactions between individual fish and social structure in fish populations. However, the social interactions of gregarious species are also influenced by the ecological environment experienced by individuals. This study aimed to determine how fish shoals’ structure is shaped by increased turbidity, a typical environmental constraint in anthropogenically impacted rivers. A freshwater, shoal-forming, visually orientated pelagic fish—bleak (Alburnus alburnus)—was used as the model organism. The behavior of 40 individuals at three different turbidity levels (0 NTU, 30 NTU, 60 NTU) was tested in the laboratory experiment. Specifically, the aim was to determine if the turbidity reduces between individual distances in response to the deteriorated visual conditions. The results showed that bleaks increased the compactness of the shoal even at the medium turbidity level (30 NTU), and compactness further increased with turbidity. Such results indicate that turbidity is an important phenomenon influencing the structure of shoals and ultimately an ecological process in natural fish populations in ecosystems affected by increasing turbidity.
在群居物种中,与同类的社会互动对群体的形成和做出一致决定的能力起着至关重要的作用,并对自然种群的生态和进化过程产生深远影响。基于社会熟悉程度的个体识别和伙伴偏好是鱼类种群中个体与社会结构之间一系列相互作用的重要驱动机制。然而,群居物种的社会互动也受到个体所处生态环境的影响。本研究旨在确定鱼群结构如何受浑浊度增加的影响,浑浊度增加是受人为影响的河流中典型的环境制约因素。研究以淡水鱼类--白鲑鱼(Alburnus alburnus)--为模型生物,研究其形成鱼群、视觉定向的行为。在实验室实验中测试了 40 条个体在三种不同浊度水平(0NTU、30NTU、60NTU)下的行为。具体来说,目的是确定浊度是否会随着视觉条件的恶化而在个体距离之间降低。结果表明,即使在中等浊度水平(30 NTU)下,漂白也会增加滩涂的紧凑度,而且紧凑度会随着浊度的增加而进一步提高。这些结果表明,在受浊度增加影响的生态系统中,浊度是影响滩涂结构的一个重要现象,最终也是自然鱼类种群的一个生态过程。
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引用次数: 0
Preliminary Trial of Male to Female Sex Reversal by 17β-Estradiol in Combination with Trilostane in Spotted Scat (Scatophagus argus) 通过 17β 雌二醇与 Trilostane 组合对斑鼬粪便进行雄性逆转为雌性的初步试验
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.3390/fishes9010001
Zheng-Ting Jiang, Gang Shi, Dongneng Jiang, Yu Li, Yuang-Qing Huang, Hong-Juan Shi, Guang-Li Li
The spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) is an important ornamental species with sexually biased ornamental values that favor males. Therefore, it makes sense to breed mono-male fingerlings as ornamental fish. The spotted scat has an XX/XY sex determination system; therefore, the first step in producing genetically all-male offspring should be the induction of a fertile sex-reversed XY pseudo-female, which would then be mated with a normal XY male to produce a YY super-male. However, the XY pseudo-female produced by estradiol (E2) treatment failed due to ovarian malformations. Here, male to female sex reversal was induced in spotted scat through a combination of E2 and an androgen inhibitor (trilostane, TR). Spotted scat fingerlings of approximately 2.8–3.5 cm were fed a diet containing both E2 (300 µg/g) and TR (300 µg/g). The fish were treated for 90 days and then fed a normal diet until they reached one year of age, when they were sampled. Twenty-eight treated XY individuals were identified using sex-linked markers. According to their gonadal histological characteristics, these treated XY fish could be divided into three groups: males with testes (n = 21), intersex individuals with ovaries–testes (n = 3), and fully sex-reversed individuals with ovaries (n = 4). All treated XX fish (n = 8) developed into normal females. There were no obvious abnormalities in the ovaries of the XY sex-reversed fish compared to the treated XX fish. Serum 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) levels were significantly lower in XY-reversed females and treated XX females than in XY males. Compared with XY male fish, the expression of female (42sp50, foxl2, figla, zar1, and zp2) and male (dmrt1, gsdf, amh and cyp11b2) biased genes was up- and down-regulated, respectively, in the gonads of XY-completely sex-reversed fish. Immunohistochemical results indicate that 42Sp50 was expressed in oocytes of XY-partially and completely sex-reversed fish, while strong Gsdf signals were mainly detectable in testicular somatic cells of XY-partially sex-reversed fish and XY male fish. XY females were successfully produced by the combined treatment of E2 and TR in the spotted scat. Their fertility will be tested in the future.
斑点叉尾鮰(Scatophagus argus)是一种重要的观赏鱼种,其观赏价值在性别上偏向雄性。因此,培育单雄幼鱼作为观赏鱼是有意义的。斑点叉尾鮰具有 XX/XY 性别决定系统;因此,培育全雄性基因后代的第一步应该是诱导可育的 XY 性别逆转假雌鱼,然后将其与正常的 XY 雄性交配,培育出 YY 超级雄鱼。然而,通过雌二醇(E2)治疗产生的XY假雌性因卵巢畸形而失败。在这里,通过 E2 和雄激素抑制剂(曲洛斯坦,TR)的组合,诱导了斑鳞鱼雄雌性别的逆转。用含有 E2(300 微克/克)和 TR(300 微克/克)的饲料喂养约 2.8-3.5 厘米的斑鳞指环鱼。对这些鱼进行 90 天的处理,然后喂食正常食物,直到它们长到一岁时采样。利用性连锁标记鉴定了 28 条经过处理的 XY 鱼。根据其性腺组织学特征,这些经过处理的 XY 鱼可分为三组:有睾丸的雄鱼(n = 21)、有卵巢-睾丸的双性鱼(n = 3)和有卵巢的完全性别逆转鱼(n = 4)。所有经过处理的 XX 鱼(n = 8)都发育成了正常的雌鱼。与处理过的XX鱼相比,XY性别逆转鱼的卵巢没有明显异常。XY性别逆转雌鱼和经处理的XX雌鱼的血清11-酮睾酮(11-KT)水平明显低于XY雄鱼。与 XY 雄性鱼类相比,雌性(42sp50、foxl2、figla、zar1 和 zp2)和雄性(dmrt1、gsdf、amh 和 cyp11b2)偏性基因在 XY 完全性别逆转鱼类性腺中的表达分别呈上调和下调趋势。免疫组化结果表明,42Sp50在XY部分性逆转鱼和完全性逆转鱼的卵母细胞中均有表达,而Gsdf的强信号主要在XY部分性逆转鱼和XY雄鱼的睾丸体细胞中可检测到。通过对斑点叉尾鱼粪中的 E2 和 TR 进行联合处理,成功培育出了 XY 雌鱼。今后将对它们的生育能力进行测试。
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引用次数: 0
Untangling the Complexity of Small-Scale Fisheries: Building an Understanding of Grouper-Snapper Fisheries Dynamics in Saleh Bay, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia 解开小型渔业的复杂性:建立对印度尼西亚西努沙登加拉省萨利赫湾石斑鱼-鲷鱼渔业动态的理解
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.3390/fishes9010002
Yudi Herdiana, B. Wiryawan, S. H. Wisudo, J. Tweedley, I. Yulianto, H. Retnoningtyas, Neil Randell Loneragan
Small-scale tropical fisheries are complex systems that utilize multiple fishing gears to target various species. In this study, we investigated small-scale reef and demersal fisheries in Saleh Bay, Indonesia, using catch and effort data from 2016 to 2019, where 57.7 percent of the catch was grouper (serranids) and snapper (lutjanids). Despite the complexity (75 documented species and eight fishing methods), this fishery is characterized by the catches of four dominant species: leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus), orange-spotted-grouper (Epinephelus coioides), spotted coral grouper (P. maculatus), and malabar blood snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus). The species caught varied among fishing methods. Over 90% of the catch was attributed to three primary fishing methods: bottom longline, speargun, and handline. Multivariate analyses found that fishing depth, season, and/or year significantly influenced the catch composition for each of these fishing methods. Fishing activities exhibit a temporal pattern influenced by monsoonal seasons. Results also suggest that fishers employ specialized fishing tactics by targeting high-value species to maximize their profits. This study recommends a management strategy of focusing on monitoring and managing the three main fishing gears and four important species during their peak seasons to reduce some of the complexity and management costs.
小型热带渔业是一个复杂的系统,利用多种渔具捕捞各种鱼种。在本研究中,我们利用 2016 年至 2019 年的渔获量和渔捞努力量数据,调查了印度尼西亚萨利赫湾的小型珊瑚礁和底栖渔业,其中 57.7% 的渔获量为石斑鱼(serranids)和鲷鱼(lutjanids)。尽管情况复杂(75 个记录物种和 8 种捕鱼方法),但该渔业的特点是捕获 4 个主要物种:豹纹珊瑚石斑鱼(Plectropomus leopardus)、橙斑石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)、斑点珊瑚石斑鱼(P. maculatus)和马拉巴尔血鲷(Lutjanus malabaricus)。不同捕鱼方法捕获的鱼种各不相同。90% 以上的渔获量归因于三种主要捕鱼方法:底层延绳钓、鱼叉枪和手钓。多变量分析发现,捕捞深度、季节和/或年份对每种捕捞方法的渔获构成都有显著影响。捕捞活动呈现出受季风季节影响的时间模式。研究结果还表明,渔民采用专门的捕鱼策略,以高价值物种为目标,从而获得最大利润。本研究建议采取一种管理策略,即在三种主要捕鱼工具和四种重要鱼种的捕捞旺季对其进行重点监控和管理,以降低复杂性和管理成本。
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引用次数: 0
The Eel Ascending: The Influence of Lateral Slope, Climbing Substrate and Flow Rate on Eel Pass Performance 鳗鱼上升:侧坡、攀爬基质和流速对鳗鱼通道性能的影响
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.3390/fishes8120612
Adam T. Piper, Paula J. Rosewarne, Charlotte Pike, Rosalind M. Wright
Optimising the design of passage facilities to restore fluvial connectivity for juvenile European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a key priority within conservation efforts for the species, across the majority of its freshwater range. Employing an experimental setup that simulated gravity-fed upstream eel passes, this study demonstrated that novel V-profile passes, which incorporate two lateral slopes (15°), performed better than laterally flat passes over the flow rates tested (0.2–0.6 L s−1). For the small eel size used (60–80 mm length), the bristle substrate consistently outperformed studs, but the lateral slope had a greater effect on passage metrics than the substrate choice. Our findings strongly support the use of V-shaped channels for upstream migrating eel at fish passage facilities, particularly in scenarios where flow rates may be elevated and/or fluctuating, such as for gravity-fed passes.
优化通道设施的设计以恢复欧洲鳗鲡幼鱼的河道连通性,是欧洲鳗鲡这一物种在其大部分淡水区域保护工作的重中之重。本研究采用实验装置模拟重力作用下的上游鳗鱼通道,结果表明,在测试的流速(0.2-0.6 升/秒)范围内,包含两个横向斜坡(15°)的新型 V 型鳗鱼通道比横向扁平通道的性能更好。对于使用的小规格鳗鱼(体长 60-80 毫米),鬃毛基质的性能始终优于螺柱,但横向坡度对通过指标的影响大于基质选择。我们的研究结果有力地支持了在鱼类通道设施中为鳗鱼的上游洄游使用 V 形通道,特别是在流速可能会升高和/或波动的情况下,例如重力式通道。
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引用次数: 0
The Bioeconomic Analysis of Hybrid Giant Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) and Green Grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus): A Case Study in Taiwan 杂交巨石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus)与绿石斑鱼(Epinephelus malabaricus)的生物经济分析:台湾案例研究
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI: 10.3390/fishes8120610
Po-Lin Huang, Farok Afero, Yao Chang, Bo-Ying Chen, Hsun-Yu Lan, Yen-Lung Hou, Cheng-Ting Huang
Grouper aquaculture is a rapidly growing and dynamic industry within the Taiwan aquaculture sector that serves as an important source of income generation. Farming fishes at a better location (FFABL) is a promising production strategy. This study evaluated the production and economic performance of grouper farming in Taiwan. This investigation employed two steps: (1) a cost–benefit analysis to determine the main component affecting profitability; and (2) multivariate statistics to clarify the relationship between biological and economic factors. The findings suggest that the best choice of species is hybrid giant grouper that generates and highlights a positive income, viable benefit–cost ratio and profit rate. The study found the feed management of hybrid giant groupers requires more consideration due to its low feed conversion ratio. The producers need to replace trash fish in commercial feed during the production cycle to ensure better feed management. Finally, this paper argues that feed is the main constraint for grouper farming, which is sensitive to any change in feed productivity, and this constraint must be solved to sustain the grouper industry in Taiwan.
石斑鱼养殖是台湾水产养殖业中发展迅速、充满活力的产业,是重要的创收来源。在较佳地点养殖鱼类(FFABL)是一种很有前景的生产策略。本研究评估了台湾石斑鱼养殖的生产和经济效益。这项调查采用了两个步骤:(1) 通过成本效益分析,确定影响利润的主要因素;(2) 通过多元统计,阐明生物因素与经济因素之间的关系。研究结果表明,杂交大石斑鱼是最佳鱼种选择,它能带来并突出正收入、可行的效益成本比和利润率。研究发现,由于杂交大石斑鱼的饲料转化率较低,其饲料管理需要更多考虑。生产者需要在生产周期内用商品饲料替代杂鱼,以确保更好的饲料管理。最后,本文认为饲料是石斑鱼养殖的主要制约因素,对饲料生产率的任何变化都很敏感,要维持台湾石斑鱼产业的发展,必须解决这一制约因素。
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引用次数: 0
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Fishes
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