Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution最新文献

The aim of this study was to document the medicinal uses of the plants in Sunabeda Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha, India. The ethnobotanical results contain quantitative information on medicinal plants diversity documented for the first time in the area. The information was collected through semi-structured interview and personal observations. Results were analysed using quantitative indices of frequency citation, relative frequency citation (RFC), fidelity level, use value, and Jaccard index. In the total of 37 leafy vegetable species belonging to 30 genera and 19 families were reported for the medicinal purposes. Leguminosae (Fabaceae) was found to be dominant family in terms of species in the area with six species. The whole plant and leaves were noted most frequently use plants was the most commonly used preparation method. These species are utilised for treating 51 types of human ailments. Highest use value was reported for the Moringa oleifera Lam (0.80), while highest RFC value was calculated for Moringa oleifera Lam. (0.48), and Allium cepa L. (0.4). Highest fidelity level was calculated for Amaranthus viridis L., Moringa oleifera Lam., Allium cepa L., and these plants are still commonly used for medicinal purposes among the people in their daily lives. However, there is a gradual loss of traditional knowledge about these plants in new generation. This study provides basis for the conservation of the local flora, its use as food and medicine. It is also provides socio-economic dimensions associated with the common peoples.

Hohenbergia comprises 55 species, 53 of which are endemic to Brazil. Among these, 21 species are unique to Atlantic Forest fragments in the state of Bahia. Hohenbergia is a genus that has plants with landscaping and cut flower potential due to the attractive colors and durability of the inflorescences, easy adaptation, and management, among other features. Research on the floral and reproductive biology of these plants is crucial to understanding its taxonomy, conservation, and breeding. This study aimed to characterize the pollen and stigma morphology and assess pollen viability and stigma receptivity of seven Hohenbergia species with potential for landscaping and cut flowers. These evaluations were carried out using distinct methods at different stages of floral development, as they are innovative for these Hohenbergia species. For morphological analysis, pollen was examined using scanning electron microscopy and subjected to lactic acetolysis. Additionally, pollen viability was tested through in vitro germination and histochemical testing. We assessed stigma receptivity at various floral development stages. We also determined the amount of pollen grains for each species. All these species produced monad pollen, which were either heteropolar or isopolar, circular or elliptical, with various pore sizes, shapes, and number (bi- or triporate). These grains featured an ornamented aperture membrane and differences in the exine and its ornamentation. The stigmas of Hohenbergia species are conduplicate-spiral. Pollen demonstrated the highest viability at anthesis. Both methods for assessing stigma receptivity indicated increased enzyme activity at anthesis across all species. Our findings may contribute to taxonomy research of the genus and support further investigations on reproduction and conservation, as well as controlled crosses to obtain seeds for the ornamental plant market.

Rice represents one of important cereal crops on which half the world’s population depend and it is cultivated on a large scale in Asia. To assist managing rice germplasm, genetic relationship among 48 rice genotypes including MR-4 and MR-11 obtained by coleoptile-mediated millet DNA injection was investigated using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. A total of 17 SRAP primer pairs exhibiting reproducible amplification characteristics out of combinations from Me1-Me5, Em1-Em4 were used. Genetic similarity between 48 genotypes revealed by 17 SRAP primer pairs ranged from 0.834 to 0.985. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) tree based on SRAP marker analysis divided 48 rice into two main clusters, that was nearly consistent with classification by growth period. DNA receptor, Sohaechal 16 belonged to second subcluster of Cluster II and MR-4 and MR-11 obtained by introducing millet DNA were assigned to first subcluster of Cluster I. These results suggest that both MR-4 and MR-11 may be considered as distinct germplasm diffferent from DNA receptor Sohaechal 16. Detailed information on genetic relationship of 48 rice genotypes revealed by SRAP markers would contribute to germplasm improvement in the future.

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an important oilseed crop with potential for further improvement through breeding programs. However, there is a need to evaluate safflower genotypes for desirable traits and identify gaps in knowledge for an effective breeding strategy. In this study a total of 36 safflower genotypes were assessed for various traits, with a focus on the morphological, phenotypic, protein percent, oil percent and oil fatty acids profile. Analysis of variance and traits relationship analysis such as Pearson correlation analysis, path analysis and GT-biplot were conducted in this study. Significant diversity in the studied traits displayed notable variations, thus indicating potential for targeted improvement in safflower breeding programs. The genotypes exhibited adaptability to different environmental conditions, with pronounced variations in phenological traits under moderate-cold and warm-dry conditions. The correlation analysis revealed seed yield, as a crucial trait was affected by plant height, prickliness intensity, inflorescence diameter, and flower color. Path analysis exhibited that plant height, prickliness intensity, and days to end flowering exerted the most substantial direct positive effects on oil percent. This analysis also indicated the direct negative effects of Oleic acid and Linoleic acid. GT-biplot represented the smallest angle among Oleic acid, Palmitic acid, Stearic acid, Linolenic acid, and prickliness, signifying the highest correlation of this trait. The diverse genotypes analyzed in this study provides a valuable resource for selecting genotypes with desirable traits, including oil profile and adaptability. By targeting traits such as early maturation and favorable oil profiles, breeders can develop improved safflower cultivars with enhanced yield potential and resilience to challenging conditions.

The pollen and foliar epidermal morphological features are mostly used in resolving the taxonomic issue of flowering plant families. This study aimed to investigate, the comparative foliar epidermal anatomy and pollen features of Plantaginaceae through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM) to evaluate its taxonomic significance. Pollen characteristics were measured from each specimen under LM. Details of the exine sculpture were also analyzed under SEM. Generally, the pollen grains are small to medium-sized, radially symmetrical, circular amb with the prolate shape of pollen grains in equatorial axis, tricolpate and pantoporate. The exine sculpture is reticulate, micro-reticulate, scabrate, verrucate, striate and rugulate. The genus Plantago shows diverse pollen morphology, with variations in shape, size, aperture type, and exine ornamentation across the species. Likewise, the genus Veronica has generally trizonocolpate pollen grains, with rare differences in aperture type and exine ornamentation. Foliar epidermal characters were observed using a light microscope and found variations in epidermal cell shape, pattern of anticlinal wall, type and shape of stomata, and types of trichomes. In addition, some quantitative characters were also studied and data were statistically analyzed such as epidermal cell size, stomatal size, stomatal pore size and stomatal index. The results indicated that the shape of the epidermal cell in most species was irregular, isodiametric and polygonal on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces. The anticlinal wall pattern was mostly undulate but some species have straight and smooth walls. Leaves were mostly amphistomatic while the type of stomata were found as anisocytic and anomocytic. Unicellular and multicellular non-glandular trichomes were also observed. Thus, foliar epidermal together with pollen morphological features strengthen and give additional support to the taxonomy of Plantaginaceae.

The Jute plant (Corchorus olitorius L.) has significant economic value as a source of biodegradable fibre and high medicinal value as a source of different salts and vitamins. Jute, as a crop, faces various types of environmental pressures, including both biotic abiotic stresses and limited availability of genetic resources. Jute has been successfully cultivated in various regions within Saudi Arabia. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding its diversity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of the jute germplasm of Saudi Arabia and compare it to that of international jute cultivars. This study included 72 samples of a total of 24 cultivars. This group included eight local jute cultivars and 16 international from “Japan, China, India, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, and USA”. DNA was extracted and amplified using 7 start codon targeted (SCoT) primers. The data collected from the SCoT markers were evaluated using different analysis methods: Bayesian clustering analysis structure, and neighbour joining (NJ) tree. The results revealed elevated levels of polymorphic information content (PIC). The average value was 0.657, the SCoT markers were adequate for discerning and differentiating the specimens under examination. The findings from genetic data analyses revealed that the samples could be categorized into three distinct populations, while local jute cultivars from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia belongs to two different genetic populations. This is the first-time genetic diversity of local jute cultivars examine using SCoT technique. These results have significant potential for enhancing breeding efforts and improving the quality of jute cultivars and endorse crossbreeding initiatives involving these distinct genotypes.

The genetic diversity of fig (Ficus carica L.) germplasm in Azerbaijan was assessed using pomological traits and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. All 90 accessions exhibited significant variation in fruit-related traits. The studied fig accessions displayed a full spectrum of fruit skin ground colors, from yellow to black, with yellow–green (32.2%) and yellow (26.6%) being the most prevalent colors. The majority of the fruits were categorized as globose (73%). Fruit weight among the fig accessions varied from 18.8 g (‘Nikitskiy 4067’) to 83 g (‘Konservniy’), with an average of 44 g. Azerbaijani figs demonstrated similar weight ranges, with 13 local accessions exceeding 50 g, including ‘Iri Absheron’, ‘Agh Enjir’, and ‘Vuqarli’. Two-way cluster analysis based on these traits identified fruit weight and dimensions as the primary grouping factors. Preliminary ISSR analysis using eight primers revealed polymorphism levels ranging from 40 to 100%, with an average of 63.5%. The mean genetic diversity among the 90 fig genotypes was calculated to be 0.65. Local Azerbaijani accessions exhibited comparable diversity to those from Ukraine and lower diversity than those from the United States. The Jaccard genetic distance index among the accessions was low. Both Azerbaijani and introduced accessions in the neighbor-joining (NJ) tree showed a random distribution that was independent of origin, which was further confirmed by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). These results provide a valuable baseline for future breeding programs and can aid in the identification and conservation of these genetic resources.

The current study was carried out to describe the taxonomic microanatomical traits of petiole micromorphology of Euphorbiaceous species inhabited in desert rangeland. The petioles were sectioned using a Shandon Microtome and observed under a microscope to assess both qualitative features (shape, size, and arrangement of cells) and quantitative features (cell dimensions and tissue proportions). Eight Euphorbiaceous species were examined for petiole micromorphological characteristics including shape and size of the petiole, collenchyma cells, parenchyma cells, epidermal cells, and number and shape and arrangements of vascular bundles. The maximum petiole length was measured for Euphorbia helioscopia L. (330 µm). Maximum 9 numbers of vascular bundles were observed in Euphorbia serpens Kunth. Winged petiole was examined in three species of Chrozophora plicata (Vahl) A.Juss. ex Spreng., Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss., and Croton bonplandianus Baill. In Euphorbia hirta L. and Euphorbia serpens Kunth. Trichomes were present non-glandular and unicellular. Euphorbiaceous species were also diagnosed using micro-petiole traits with the help of taxonomic key. The statistic tool via PAST3 software using dendrogram clustering and principal component analysis was used for the accurate species delimitation. The explored microanatomical features were used to distinguish the Euphorbiaceous species significant for further phylogenetic interpretation.