Detrimental effects of salinity could be mitigated by exogenous zinc (Zn) application; however, the mechanisms underlying this amelioration are poorly understood. This study demonstrated the interaction between Zn and salinity by measuring plant biomass, photosynthetic performance, ion concentrations, ROS accumulation, antioxidant activity and electrophysiological parameters in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Salinity stress (200mM NaCl for 3weeks) resulted in a massive reduction in plant biomass; however, both fresh and dry weight of shoots were increased by ~30% with adequate Zn supply. Zinc supplementation also maintained K+ and Na+ homeostasis and prevented H2 O2 toxicity under salinity stress. Furthermore, exposure to 10mM H2 O2 resulted in massive K+ efflux from root epidermal cells in both the elongation and mature root zones, and pre-treating roots with Zn reduced ROS-induced K+ efflux from the roots by 3-4-fold. Similar results were observed for Ca2+ . The observed effects may be causally related to more efficient regulation of cation-permeable non-selective channels involved in the transport and sequestration of Na+ , K+ and Ca2+ in various cellular compartments and tissues. This study provides valuable insights into Zn protective functions in plants and encourages the use of Zn fertilisers in barley crops grown on salt-affected soils.
{"title":"Exogenous zinc application mitigates negative effects of salinity on barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) growth by improving root ionic homeostasis.","authors":"Waleed Amjad Khan, Beth Penrose, Ping Yun, Meixue Zhou, Sergey Shabala","doi":"10.1071/FP23266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/FP23266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Detrimental effects of salinity could be mitigated by exogenous zinc (Zn) application; however, the mechanisms underlying this amelioration are poorly understood. This study demonstrated the interaction between Zn and salinity by measuring plant biomass, photosynthetic performance, ion concentrations, ROS accumulation, antioxidant activity and electrophysiological parameters in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Salinity stress (200mM NaCl for 3weeks) resulted in a massive reduction in plant biomass; however, both fresh and dry weight of shoots were increased by ~30% with adequate Zn supply. Zinc supplementation also maintained K+ and Na+ homeostasis and prevented H2 O2 toxicity under salinity stress. Furthermore, exposure to 10mM H2 O2 resulted in massive K+ efflux from root epidermal cells in both the elongation and mature root zones, and pre-treating roots with Zn reduced ROS-induced K+ efflux from the roots by 3-4-fold. Similar results were observed for Ca2+ . The observed effects may be causally related to more efficient regulation of cation-permeable non-selective channels involved in the transport and sequestration of Na+ , K+ and Ca2+ in various cellular compartments and tissues. This study provides valuable insights into Zn protective functions in plants and encourages the use of Zn fertilisers in barley crops grown on salt-affected soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":12483,"journal":{"name":"Functional Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140956535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Adil, Siqi Lu, Zijie Yao, Cheng Zhang, Heli Lu, Safdar Bashir, Mansoor Maitah, Isma Gul, Sehar Razzaq, Lin Qiu
Climate change significantly affects crop production and is a threat to global food security. Conventional tillage (CT) is the primary tillage practice in rain-fed areas to conserve soil moisture. Despite previous research on the effect of tillage methods on different cropping systems, a comparison of tillage methods on soil water storage, crop yield and crop water use in wheat (Triticum aestivum ) and maize (Zea mays ) under different soil textures, precipitation and temperature patterns is needed. We reviewed 119 published articles and used meta-analysis to assess the effects of three conservation tillage practices (NT, no-tillage; RT, reduced tillage; ST, subsoil tillage), on precipitation storage efficiency (PSE), soil water storage at crop planting (SWSp), grain yield, evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) under varying precipitation and temperature patterns and soil textures in dryland wheat and maize, with CT as the control treatment. Conservation tillage methods increased PSE, SWSp, grain yield, ET and WUE in both winter wheat-fallow and spring maize cropping systems. More precipitation water was conserved in fine-textured soils than in medium-textured and coarse-textured soils, which improved ET. Conservation tillage increased soil water conservation and yield under high mean annual precipitation (MAP) and moderate mean annual temperature (MAT) conditions in winter wheat. However, soil water conservation and yield were greater under MAP <400mm and moderate MAT. We conclude that conservation tillage could be promising for increasing precipitation storage, soil water conservation and crop yield in regions with medium to low MAPs and medium to high MATs.
{"title":"No-tillage enhances soil water storage, grain yield and water use efficiency in dryland wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) and maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) cropping systems: a global meta-analysis.","authors":"Muhammad Adil, Siqi Lu, Zijie Yao, Cheng Zhang, Heli Lu, Safdar Bashir, Mansoor Maitah, Isma Gul, Sehar Razzaq, Lin Qiu","doi":"10.1071/FP23267","DOIUrl":"10.1071/FP23267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change significantly affects crop production and is a threat to global food security. Conventional tillage (CT) is the primary tillage practice in rain-fed areas to conserve soil moisture. Despite previous research on the effect of tillage methods on different cropping systems, a comparison of tillage methods on soil water storage, crop yield and crop water use in wheat (Triticum aestivum ) and maize (Zea mays ) under different soil textures, precipitation and temperature patterns is needed. We reviewed 119 published articles and used meta-analysis to assess the effects of three conservation tillage practices (NT, no-tillage; RT, reduced tillage; ST, subsoil tillage), on precipitation storage efficiency (PSE), soil water storage at crop planting (SWSp), grain yield, evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) under varying precipitation and temperature patterns and soil textures in dryland wheat and maize, with CT as the control treatment. Conservation tillage methods increased PSE, SWSp, grain yield, ET and WUE in both winter wheat-fallow and spring maize cropping systems. More precipitation water was conserved in fine-textured soils than in medium-textured and coarse-textured soils, which improved ET. Conservation tillage increased soil water conservation and yield under high mean annual precipitation (MAP) and moderate mean annual temperature (MAT) conditions in winter wheat. However, soil water conservation and yield were greater under MAP <400mm and moderate MAT. We conclude that conservation tillage could be promising for increasing precipitation storage, soil water conservation and crop yield in regions with medium to low MAPs and medium to high MATs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12483,"journal":{"name":"Functional Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140859975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Awais Riaz, Julie Thomas, Hafiz Haider Ali, Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer, Naushad Ahmad, Andy Pereira
Rice (Oryza sativa ) faces challenges to yield and quality due to urbanisation, deforestation and climate change, which has exacerbated high night temperature (HNT). This review explores the impacts of HNT on the physiological, molecular and agronomic aspects of rice growth. Rise in minimum temperature threatens a potential 41% reduction in rice yield by 2100. HNT disrupts rice growth stages, causing reduced seed germination, biomass, spikelet sterility and poor grain development. Recent findings indicate a 4.4% yield decline for every 1°C increase beyond 27°C, with japonica ecotypes exhibiting higher sensitivity than indica. We examine the relationships between elevated CO2 , nitrogen regimes and HNT, showing that the complexity of balancing positive CO2 effects on biomass with HNT challenges. Nitrogen enrichment proves crucial during the vegetative stage but causes disruption to reproductive stages, affecting grain yield and starch synthesis. Additionally, we elucidate the impact of HNT on plant respiration, emphasising mitochondrial respiration, photorespiration and antioxidant responses. Genomic techniques, including CRISPR-Cas9, offer potential for manipulating genes for HNT tolerance. Plant hormones and carbohydrate enzymatic activities are explored, revealing their intricate roles in spikelet fertility, grain size and starch metabolism under HNT. Gaps in understanding genetic factors influencing heat tolerance and potential trade-offs associated with hormone applications remain. The importance of interdisciplinary collaboration is needed to provide a holistic approach. Research priorities include the study of regulatory mechanisms, post-anthesis effects, cumulative HNT exposure and the interaction between climate variability and HNT impact to provide a research direction to enhance rice resilience in a changing climate.
{"title":"High night temperature stress on rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) - insights from phenomics to physiology. A review.","authors":"Awais Riaz, Julie Thomas, Hafiz Haider Ali, Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer, Naushad Ahmad, Andy Pereira","doi":"10.1071/FP24057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/FP24057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rice (Oryza sativa ) faces challenges to yield and quality due to urbanisation, deforestation and climate change, which has exacerbated high night temperature (HNT). This review explores the impacts of HNT on the physiological, molecular and agronomic aspects of rice growth. Rise in minimum temperature threatens a potential 41% reduction in rice yield by 2100. HNT disrupts rice growth stages, causing reduced seed germination, biomass, spikelet sterility and poor grain development. Recent findings indicate a 4.4% yield decline for every 1°C increase beyond 27°C, with japonica ecotypes exhibiting higher sensitivity than indica. We examine the relationships between elevated CO2 , nitrogen regimes and HNT, showing that the complexity of balancing positive CO2 effects on biomass with HNT challenges. Nitrogen enrichment proves crucial during the vegetative stage but causes disruption to reproductive stages, affecting grain yield and starch synthesis. Additionally, we elucidate the impact of HNT on plant respiration, emphasising mitochondrial respiration, photorespiration and antioxidant responses. Genomic techniques, including CRISPR-Cas9, offer potential for manipulating genes for HNT tolerance. Plant hormones and carbohydrate enzymatic activities are explored, revealing their intricate roles in spikelet fertility, grain size and starch metabolism under HNT. Gaps in understanding genetic factors influencing heat tolerance and potential trade-offs associated with hormone applications remain. The importance of interdisciplinary collaboration is needed to provide a holistic approach. Research priorities include the study of regulatory mechanisms, post-anthesis effects, cumulative HNT exposure and the interaction between climate variability and HNT impact to provide a research direction to enhance rice resilience in a changing climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":12483,"journal":{"name":"Functional Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141179405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valerio Cirillo, Marco Esposito, Matteo Lentini, Claudio Russo, Nausicaa Pollaro, Albino Maggio
The two stresses of weed competition and salt salinity lead to crop yield losses and decline in the productivity of agricultural land. These constraints threaten the future of food production because weeds are more salt stress tolerant than most crops. Climate change will lead to an increase of soil salinity worldwide, and possibly exacerbate the competition between weeds and crops. This aspect has been scarcely investigated in the context of weed-crop competition. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment on green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris ) to investigate the combined impact of weed competition and salt stress on key morpho-physiological traits, and crop yield. We demonstrated that soil salinity shifted weed composition toward salt tolerant weed species (Portulaca oleracea and Cynodon dactylon ), while it reduced the presence of lower tolerance species. Weed competition activated adaptation responses in green bean such as reduced leaf mass per area and biomass allocation to the stem, unchanged stomatal density and instantaneous water use efficiency, which diverge from those that are typically observed as a consequence of salt stress. The morpho-physiological modifications caused by weeds is attributed to the alterations of light intensity and/or quality, further confirming the pivotal role of the light in crop response to weeds. We concluded that higher yield loss caused by combined salt stress and weed competition is due to impaired morpho-physiological responses, which highlights the negative interaction between salt stress and weed competition. This phenomenon will likely be more frequent in the future, and potentially reduce the efficacy of current weed control methods.
{"title":"Morpho-physiological adaptations to weed competition impair green bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>) ability to overcome moderate salt stress.","authors":"Valerio Cirillo, Marco Esposito, Matteo Lentini, Claudio Russo, Nausicaa Pollaro, Albino Maggio","doi":"10.1071/FP23202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/FP23202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The two stresses of weed competition and salt salinity lead to crop yield losses and decline in the productivity of agricultural land. These constraints threaten the future of food production because weeds are more salt stress tolerant than most crops. Climate change will lead to an increase of soil salinity worldwide, and possibly exacerbate the competition between weeds and crops. This aspect has been scarcely investigated in the context of weed-crop competition. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment on green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris ) to investigate the combined impact of weed competition and salt stress on key morpho-physiological traits, and crop yield. We demonstrated that soil salinity shifted weed composition toward salt tolerant weed species (Portulaca oleracea and Cynodon dactylon ), while it reduced the presence of lower tolerance species. Weed competition activated adaptation responses in green bean such as reduced leaf mass per area and biomass allocation to the stem, unchanged stomatal density and instantaneous water use efficiency, which diverge from those that are typically observed as a consequence of salt stress. The morpho-physiological modifications caused by weeds is attributed to the alterations of light intensity and/or quality, further confirming the pivotal role of the light in crop response to weeds. We concluded that higher yield loss caused by combined salt stress and weed competition is due to impaired morpho-physiological responses, which highlights the negative interaction between salt stress and weed competition. This phenomenon will likely be more frequent in the future, and potentially reduce the efficacy of current weed control methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12483,"journal":{"name":"Functional Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141070707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The forage quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa ) stems is greater than the leaves. Sucrose hydrolysis provides energy for stem development, with starch being enzymatically converted into sucrose to maintain energy homeostasis. To understand the physiological and molecular networks controlling stem development, morphological characteristics and transcriptome profiles in the stems of two alfalfa cultivars (Zhungeer and WL168) were investigated. Based on transcriptome data, we analysed starch and sugar contents, and enzyme activity related to starch-sugar interconversion. Zhungeer stems were shorter and sturdier than WL168, resulting in significantly higher mechanical strength. Transcriptome analysis showed that starch and sucrose metabolism were significant enriched in the differentially expressed genes of stems development in both cultivars. Genes encoding INV , bglX , HK , TPS and glgC downregulated with the development of stems, while the gene encoding was AMY upregulated. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that the gene encoding glgC was pivotal in determining the variations in starch and sucrose contents between the two cultivars. Soluble carbohydrate, sucrose, and starch content of WL168 were higher than Zhungeer. Enzyme activities related to sucrose synthesis and hydrolysis (INV, bglX, HK, TPS) showed a downward trend. The change trend of enzyme activity was consistent with gene expression. WL168 stems had higher carbohydrate content than Zhungeer, which accounted for more rapid growth and taller plants. WL168 formed hollow stems were formed during rapid growth, which may be related to the redistribution of carbohydrates in the pith tissue. These results indicated that starch and sucrose metabolism play important roles in the stem development in alfalfa.
{"title":"Starch and sucrose metabolism plays an important role in the stem development in <i>Medicago sativa</i>.","authors":"Jierui Wu, Xiaoyu Wang, Lin Bian, Zhenyi Li, Xiaohong Jiang, Fengling Shi, Fang Tang, Zhiqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1071/FP24073","DOIUrl":"10.1071/FP24073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The forage quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa ) stems is greater than the leaves. Sucrose hydrolysis provides energy for stem development, with starch being enzymatically converted into sucrose to maintain energy homeostasis. To understand the physiological and molecular networks controlling stem development, morphological characteristics and transcriptome profiles in the stems of two alfalfa cultivars (Zhungeer and WL168) were investigated. Based on transcriptome data, we analysed starch and sugar contents, and enzyme activity related to starch-sugar interconversion. Zhungeer stems were shorter and sturdier than WL168, resulting in significantly higher mechanical strength. Transcriptome analysis showed that starch and sucrose metabolism were significant enriched in the differentially expressed genes of stems development in both cultivars. Genes encoding INV , bglX , HK , TPS and glgC downregulated with the development of stems, while the gene encoding was AMY upregulated. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that the gene encoding glgC was pivotal in determining the variations in starch and sucrose contents between the two cultivars. Soluble carbohydrate, sucrose, and starch content of WL168 were higher than Zhungeer. Enzyme activities related to sucrose synthesis and hydrolysis (INV, bglX, HK, TPS) showed a downward trend. The change trend of enzyme activity was consistent with gene expression. WL168 stems had higher carbohydrate content than Zhungeer, which accounted for more rapid growth and taller plants. WL168 formed hollow stems were formed during rapid growth, which may be related to the redistribution of carbohydrates in the pith tissue. These results indicated that starch and sucrose metabolism play important roles in the stem development in alfalfa.</p>","PeriodicalId":12483,"journal":{"name":"Functional Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140916376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil salinisation is an important abiotic stress faced in grape cultivating, leading to weakened plant vigour and reduced fruit quality. Melatonin as a novel hormone has shown positive exogenous application value. Therefore, this study used wine grape (Vitis vinifera ) 'Pinot Noir' as a test material to investigate the changes of foliar spraying with different concentrations of melatonin on the physiology and fruit quality of wine grapes in a field under simulated salt stress (200mmolL-1 NaCl). The results showed that foliar spraying of melatonin significantly increased the intercellular CO2 concentration, maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII, relative chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content of the leaves, as well as the single spike weight, 100-grain weight, transverse and longitudinal diameters, malic acid, α-amino nitrogen and ammonia content of fruits, and decreased the initial fluorescence value of leaves, ascorbate peroxidase activity, glutathione content, fruit transverse to longitudinal ratio and tartaric acid content of plants under salt stress. Results of the comprehensive evaluation of the affiliation function indicated that 100μmolL-1 melatonin treatment had the best effect on reducing salt stress in grapes. In summary, melatonin application could enhance the salt tolerance of grapes by improving the photosynthetic capacity of grape plants under salt stress and promoting fruit development and quality formation, and these results provide new insights into the involvement of melatonin in the improvement of salt tolerance in crop, as well as some theoretical basis for the development and industrialisation of stress-resistant cultivation techniques for wine grapes.
土壤盐碱化是葡萄种植过程中面临的重要非生物胁迫,会导致植株活力减弱、果实质量下降。褪黑激素作为一种新型激素,已显示出积极的外源应用价值。因此,本研究以酿酒葡萄(Vitis vinifera)'Pinot Noir'为试验材料,研究在模拟盐胁迫(200mmolL-1 NaCl)条件下,叶面喷施不同浓度的褪黑激素对酿酒葡萄生理机能和果实品质的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施褪黑素能显著提高细胞间 CO2 浓度、PSII 最大光化学量子产率、叶片相对叶绿素和抗坏血酸含量,以及单穗重、百粒重、横径和纵径、果实的横径和纵径、苹果酸、α-氨基氮和氨含量,并降低盐胁迫下植株的叶片初始荧光值、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性、谷胱甘肽含量、果实横纵比和酒石酸含量。隶属功能的综合评价结果表明,100μmolL-1褪黑激素处理对减轻葡萄的盐胁迫效果最好。综上所述,褪黑激素的应用可通过提高盐胁迫下葡萄植株的光合能力、促进果实发育和品质形成来增强葡萄的耐盐性,这些结果为褪黑激素参与作物耐盐性的提高提供了新的认识,也为酿酒葡萄抗胁迫栽培技术的开发和产业化提供了一定的理论依据。
{"title":"Impact of exogenous melatonin foliar application on physiology and fruit quality of wine grapes (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>) under salt stress.","authors":"Yuanyuan Li, Congcong Zhang, Xu Lu, Haokai Yan, Guojie Nai, Meishuang Gong, Ying Lai, Zhihui Pu, Li Wei, Shaoying Ma, Sheng Li","doi":"10.1071/FP24019","DOIUrl":"10.1071/FP24019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil salinisation is an important abiotic stress faced in grape cultivating, leading to weakened plant vigour and reduced fruit quality. Melatonin as a novel hormone has shown positive exogenous application value. Therefore, this study used wine grape (Vitis vinifera ) 'Pinot Noir' as a test material to investigate the changes of foliar spraying with different concentrations of melatonin on the physiology and fruit quality of wine grapes in a field under simulated salt stress (200mmolL-1 NaCl). The results showed that foliar spraying of melatonin significantly increased the intercellular CO2 concentration, maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII, relative chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content of the leaves, as well as the single spike weight, 100-grain weight, transverse and longitudinal diameters, malic acid, α-amino nitrogen and ammonia content of fruits, and decreased the initial fluorescence value of leaves, ascorbate peroxidase activity, glutathione content, fruit transverse to longitudinal ratio and tartaric acid content of plants under salt stress. Results of the comprehensive evaluation of the affiliation function indicated that 100μmolL-1 melatonin treatment had the best effect on reducing salt stress in grapes. In summary, melatonin application could enhance the salt tolerance of grapes by improving the photosynthetic capacity of grape plants under salt stress and promoting fruit development and quality formation, and these results provide new insights into the involvement of melatonin in the improvement of salt tolerance in crop, as well as some theoretical basis for the development and industrialisation of stress-resistant cultivation techniques for wine grapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12483,"journal":{"name":"Functional Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140921464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roshan Zameer, Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd, Dikhnah Alshehri, Muhammad Salman Mubarik, Cheng Li, Chengde Yu, Zhifang Li
The investigation into cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRLKs) holds pivotal significance as these conserved, upstream signalling molecules intricately regulate fundamental biological processes such as plant growth, development and stress adaptation. This study undertakes a comprehensive characterisation of CRLKs in Solanum tuberosum (potato), a staple food crop of immense economic importance. Employing comparative genomics and evolutionary analyses, we identified 10 distinct CRLK genes in potato. Further categorisation into three major groups based on sequence similarity was performed. Each CRLK member in potato was systematically named according to its chromosomal position. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses unveiled conserved gene structures and motifs within the same groups. The genomic distribution of CRLKs was observed across Chromosomes 2-5, 8 and 12. Gene duplication analysis highlighted a noteworthy trend, with most gene pairs exhibiting a Ka/Ks ratio greater than one, indicating positive selection of StCRLKs in potato. Salt and drought stresses significantly impacted peroxidase and catalase activities in potato seedlings. The presence of diverse cis -regulatory elements, including hormone-responsive elements, underscored their involvement in myriad biotic and abiotic stress responses. Interestingly, interactions between the phytohormone auxin and CRLK proteins unveiled a potential auxin-mediated regulatory mechanism. A holistic approach combining transcriptomics and quantitative PCR validation identified StCRLK9 as a potential candidate involved in plant response to heat, salt and drought stresses. This study lays a robust foundation for future research on the functional roles of the CRLK gene family in potatoes, offering valuable insights into their diverse regulatory mechanisms and potential applications in stress management.
{"title":"Identification of cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase gene family in potato: revealed <i>StCRLK9</i> in response to heat, salt and drought stresses.","authors":"Roshan Zameer, Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd, Dikhnah Alshehri, Muhammad Salman Mubarik, Cheng Li, Chengde Yu, Zhifang Li","doi":"10.1071/FP23320","DOIUrl":"10.1071/FP23320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The investigation into cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRLKs) holds pivotal significance as these conserved, upstream signalling molecules intricately regulate fundamental biological processes such as plant growth, development and stress adaptation. This study undertakes a comprehensive characterisation of CRLKs in Solanum tuberosum (potato), a staple food crop of immense economic importance. Employing comparative genomics and evolutionary analyses, we identified 10 distinct CRLK genes in potato. Further categorisation into three major groups based on sequence similarity was performed. Each CRLK member in potato was systematically named according to its chromosomal position. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses unveiled conserved gene structures and motifs within the same groups. The genomic distribution of CRLKs was observed across Chromosomes 2-5, 8 and 12. Gene duplication analysis highlighted a noteworthy trend, with most gene pairs exhibiting a Ka/Ks ratio greater than one, indicating positive selection of StCRLKs in potato. Salt and drought stresses significantly impacted peroxidase and catalase activities in potato seedlings. The presence of diverse cis -regulatory elements, including hormone-responsive elements, underscored their involvement in myriad biotic and abiotic stress responses. Interestingly, interactions between the phytohormone auxin and CRLK proteins unveiled a potential auxin-mediated regulatory mechanism. A holistic approach combining transcriptomics and quantitative PCR validation identified StCRLK9 as a potential candidate involved in plant response to heat, salt and drought stresses. This study lays a robust foundation for future research on the functional roles of the CRLK gene family in potatoes, offering valuable insights into their diverse regulatory mechanisms and potential applications in stress management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12483,"journal":{"name":"Functional Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), an important tropical crop, is affected by extreme climatic events, including rising CO2 levels. We evaluated the short-term effect of elevated CO2 concentration (ECO2 ) (600, 800 and 1000ppm) on the photosynthetic efficiency of 14 cassava genotypes. ECO2 significantly altered gaseous exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate (P n ), stomatal conductance (g s ), intercellular CO2 (C i ) and transpiration (E )) in cassava leaves. There were significant but varying interactive effects between ECO2 and varieties on these physiological characteristics. ECO2 at 600 and 800ppm increased the P n rate in the range of 13-24% in comparison to 400ppm (ambient CO2 ), followed by acclimation at the highest concentration of 1000ppm. A similar trend was observed in g s and E . Conversely, C i increased significantly and linearly across increasing CO2 concentration. Along with C i , a steady increase in water use efficiency [WUEintrinsic (P n /g s ) and WUEinstantaneous (P n /E )] across various CO2 concentrations corresponded with the central role of restricted stomatal activity, a common response under ECO2 . Furthermore, P n had a significant quadratic relationship with the ECO2 (R 2 =0.489) and a significant and linear relationship with C i (R 2 =0.227). Relative humidity and vapour pressure deficit during the time of measurements remained at 70-85% and ~0.9-1.31kPa, respectively, at 26±2°C leaf temperature. Notably, not a single variety exhibited constant performance for any of the parameters across CO2 concentrations. Our results indicate that the potential photosynthesis can be increased up to 800ppm cassava varieties with high sink capacity can be cultivated under protected cultivation to attain higher productivity.
木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz)是一种重要的热带作物,受到极端气候事件的影响,包括二氧化碳水平的上升。我们评估了二氧化碳浓度升高(ECO2)(600、800 和 1000ppm)对 14 种木薯基因型光合效率的短期影响。ECO2 明显改变了木薯叶片的气体交换参数(净光合速率(P n )、气孔导度(g s )、细胞间 CO2(C i )和蒸腾(E ))。ECO2 与品种之间对这些生理特性的交互作用很明显,但存在差异。与 400ppm(环境 CO2)相比,600 和 800ppm 的 ECO2 使 P n 的速率增加了 13-24% ,随后在最高浓度 1000ppm 下出现了适应。在 g s 和 E 中也观察到类似的趋势。相反,C i 在二氧化碳浓度增加时呈线性大幅增加。随着 C i 的增加,水分利用效率[WUEintrinsic(P n /g s)和 WUEinstantaneous(P n /E )]在不同 CO2 浓度下稳步上升,这与限制气孔活动的核心作用相符,这也是 ECO2 条件下的常见反应。此外,P n 与 ECO2 存在显著的二次关系(R 2 =0.489),与 C i 存在显著的线性关系(R 2 =0.227)。叶温为 26±2°C 时,测量期间的相对湿度和蒸气压差分别保持在 70%-85% 和 ~0.9-1.31kPa 之间。值得注意的是,在不同二氧化碳浓度下,没有一个品种的任何参数表现出相同的性能。我们的研究结果表明,在保护性栽培条件下,具有高吸收能力的木薯品种的潜在光合作用可提高到 800ppm 以达到更高的生产率。
{"title":"Evaluation of potential increase in photosynthetic efficiency of cassava (<i>Manihot esculenta</i> Crantz) plants exposed to elevated carbon dioxide.","authors":"V Ravi, Saravanan Raju, Sanket J More","doi":"10.1071/FP23254","DOIUrl":"10.1071/FP23254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), an important tropical crop, is affected by extreme climatic events, including rising CO2 levels. We evaluated the short-term effect of elevated CO2 concentration (ECO2 ) (600, 800 and 1000ppm) on the photosynthetic efficiency of 14 cassava genotypes. ECO2 significantly altered gaseous exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate (P n ), stomatal conductance (g s ), intercellular CO2 (C i ) and transpiration (E )) in cassava leaves. There were significant but varying interactive effects between ECO2 and varieties on these physiological characteristics. ECO2 at 600 and 800ppm increased the P n rate in the range of 13-24% in comparison to 400ppm (ambient CO2 ), followed by acclimation at the highest concentration of 1000ppm. A similar trend was observed in g s and E . Conversely, C i increased significantly and linearly across increasing CO2 concentration. Along with C i , a steady increase in water use efficiency [WUEintrinsic (P n /g s ) and WUEinstantaneous (P n /E )] across various CO2 concentrations corresponded with the central role of restricted stomatal activity, a common response under ECO2 . Furthermore, P n had a significant quadratic relationship with the ECO2 (R 2 =0.489) and a significant and linear relationship with C i (R 2 =0.227). Relative humidity and vapour pressure deficit during the time of measurements remained at 70-85% and ~0.9-1.31kPa, respectively, at 26±2°C leaf temperature. Notably, not a single variety exhibited constant performance for any of the parameters across CO2 concentrations. Our results indicate that the potential photosynthesis can be increased up to 800ppm cassava varieties with high sink capacity can be cultivated under protected cultivation to attain higher productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12483,"journal":{"name":"Functional Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140921463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacques-Joseph Boucher, Hilary S. Ireland, Ruiling Wang, Karine M. David, Robert J. Schaffer
Herkogamy is the spatial separation of anthers and stigmas within complete flowers, and is a key floral trait that promotes outcrossing in many angiosperms. The degree of separation between pollen-producing anthers and receptive stigmas has been shown to influence rates of self-pollination amongst plants, with a reduction in herkogamy increasing rates of successful selfing in self-compatible species. Self-pollination is becoming a critical issue in horticultural crops grown in environments where biotic pollinators are limited, absent, or difficult to utilise. In these cases, poor pollination results in reduced yield and misshapen fruit. Whilst there is a growing body of work elucidating the genetic basis of floral organ development, the genetic and environmental control points regulating herkogamy are poorly understood. A better understanding of the developmental and regulatory pathways involved in establishing varying degrees of herkogamy is needed to provide insights into the production of flowers more adept at selfing to produce consistent, high-quality fruit. This review presents our current understanding of herkogamy from a genetics and hormonal perspective.
{"title":"The genetic control of herkogamy","authors":"Jacques-Joseph Boucher, Hilary S. Ireland, Ruiling Wang, Karine M. David, Robert J. Schaffer","doi":"10.1071/fp23315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/fp23315","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herkogamy is the spatial separation of anthers and stigmas within complete flowers, and is a key floral trait that promotes outcrossing in many angiosperms. The degree of separation between pollen-producing anthers and receptive stigmas has been shown to influence rates of self-pollination amongst plants, with a reduction in herkogamy increasing rates of successful selfing in self-compatible species. Self-pollination is becoming a critical issue in horticultural crops grown in environments where biotic pollinators are limited, absent, or difficult to utilise. In these cases, poor pollination results in reduced yield and misshapen fruit. Whilst there is a growing body of work elucidating the genetic basis of floral organ development, the genetic and environmental control points regulating herkogamy are poorly understood. A better understanding of the developmental and regulatory pathways involved in establishing varying degrees of herkogamy is needed to provide insights into the production of flowers more adept at selfing to produce consistent, high-quality fruit. This review presents our current understanding of herkogamy from a genetics and hormonal perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":12483,"journal":{"name":"Functional Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140840563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fawad Ali, Mian A. R. Arif, Arif Ali, Muhammad A. Nadeem, Emre Aksoy, Allah Bakhsh, Shahid U. Khan, Cemal Kurt, Dilek Tekdal, Muhammad K. Ilyas, Amjad Hameed, Yong S. Chung, Faheem S. Baloch
Effective identification and usage of genetic variation are prerequisites for developing nutrient-efficient cultivars. A collection of 94 safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) genotypes (G) was investigated for important morphological and photosynthetic traits at four nitrogen (N) treatments. We found significant variation for all the studied traits except chlorophyll b (chl b) among safflower genotypes, nitrogen treatments and G × N interaction. The examined traits showed a 2.82–50.00% increase in response to N application. Biological yield (BY) reflected a significantly positive correlation with fresh shoot weight (FSW), root length (RL), fresh root weight (FRW) and number of leaves (NOL), while a significantly positive correlation was also observed among carotenoids (C), chlorophyll a (chl a), chl b and total chlorophyll content (CT) under all treatments. Superior genotypes with respect to plant height (PH), FSW, NOL, RL, FRW and BY were clustered into Group 3, while genotypes with better mean performance regarding chl a, chl b C and CT were clustered into Group 2 as observed in principal component analysis. The identified eight best-performing genotypes could be useful to develop improved nitrogen efficient cultivars. Genome-wide association analysis resulted in 32 marker-trait associations (MTAs) under four treatments. Markers namely DArT-45481731, DArT-17812864, DArT-15670279 and DArT-45482737 were found consistent. Protein–protein interaction networks of loci associated with MTAs were related to fatty acid and branched-chain amino acid metabolism and histone modifications.
有效识别和利用遗传变异是开发营养高效栽培品种的先决条件。我们研究了 94 个红花(Carthamus tinctorius)基因型(G)在四种氮(N)处理下的重要形态和光合性状。我们发现,除叶绿素 b(chl b)外,所研究的所有性状在红花基因型、氮处理和 G × N 交互作用之间都存在明显差异。所研究的性状对施氮的反应增加了 2.82-50.00%。生物产量(BY)与鲜枝重(FSW)、根长(RL)、鲜根重(FRW)和叶片数(NOL)呈显著正相关,而在所有处理下,类胡萝卜素(C)、叶绿素 a(chl a)、叶绿素 b 和总叶绿素含量(CT)也呈显著正相关。根据主成分分析,在株高(PH)、FSW、NOL、RL、FRW 和 BY 方面表现优异的基因型被归入第 3 组,而在叶绿素 a、叶绿素 b C 和 CT 方面平均表现较好的基因型被归入第 2 组。确定的 8 个表现最好的基因型可用于改良氮素效率高的栽培品种。全基因组关联分析在四个处理下产生了 32 个标记-性状关联(MTAs)。发现DArT-45481731、DArT-17812864、DArT-15670279和DArT-45482737等标记具有一致性。与 MTAs 相关的基因座的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络与脂肪酸和支链氨基酸代谢以及组蛋白修饰有关。
{"title":"Genome-wide association studies identifies genetic loci related to fatty acid and branched-chain amino acid metabolism and histone modifications under varying nitrogen treatments in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)","authors":"Fawad Ali, Mian A. R. Arif, Arif Ali, Muhammad A. Nadeem, Emre Aksoy, Allah Bakhsh, Shahid U. Khan, Cemal Kurt, Dilek Tekdal, Muhammad K. Ilyas, Amjad Hameed, Yong S. Chung, Faheem S. Baloch","doi":"10.1071/fp23310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/fp23310","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Effective identification and usage of genetic variation are prerequisites for developing nutrient-efficient cultivars. A collection of 94 safflower (<i>Carthamus tinctorius</i>) genotypes (G) was investigated for important morphological and photosynthetic traits at four nitrogen (N) treatments. We found significant variation for all the studied traits except chlorophyll <i>b</i> (chl <i>b</i>) among safflower genotypes, nitrogen treatments and G × N interaction. The examined traits showed a 2.82–50.00% increase in response to N application. Biological yield (BY) reflected a significantly positive correlation with fresh shoot weight (FSW), root length (RL), fresh root weight (FRW) and number of leaves (NOL), while a significantly positive correlation was also observed among carotenoids (C), chlorophyll <i>a</i> (chl <i>a</i>), chl <i>b</i> and total chlorophyll content (CT) under all treatments. Superior genotypes with respect to plant height (PH), FSW, NOL, RL, FRW and BY were clustered into Group 3, while genotypes with better mean performance regarding chl <i>a</i>, chl <i>b</i> C and CT were clustered into Group 2 as observed in principal component analysis. The identified eight best-performing genotypes could be useful to develop improved nitrogen efficient cultivars. Genome-wide association analysis resulted in 32 marker-trait associations (MTAs) under four treatments. Markers namely <i>DArT-45481731</i>, <i>DArT-17812864</i>, <i>DArT-15670279</i> and <i>DArT-45482737</i> were found consistent. Protein–protein interaction networks of loci associated with MTAs were related to fatty acid and branched-chain amino acid metabolism and histone modifications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12483,"journal":{"name":"Functional Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140840652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}