Geoforum最新文献

英文中文

Community enterprises for fair partnerships in non-timber forest product value chains? The case of San communities in northern Namibia

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104237

Ndapewa Fenny Nakanyete , Kenneth Kamwi Matengu , Javier Revilla Diez

This paper investigates why the harvesting of non-timber forest product (NTFP) by the indigenous San people for regional and global markets has not succeeded in breaking persistent cycles of marginalisation within their community. In addition, it assesses the necessary prerequisites for successful NTFP value addition for San while identifying factors that hinder their ability to establish community enterprises, such as cooperatives, that could facilitate revenue development. To conduct this research, we employed an exploratory qualitative case study approach, combining empirical data with secondary sources. The findings indicate that San communities in Bwabwata National Park, through the Kyaramacan Association, collaborate with the government, tourism operators, and a NTFP exporter to generate income for the San communities but faces challenges related to value addition and bargaining power. In contrast, in Okongo, San harvesters lack organised structures and infrastructure, experience exploitation by local traders, and encounter difficulties in commercialising NTFPs beyond the constituency. The paper recommends collaboration among government, NGOs, and lead firms to enhance NTFP value for San communities through capacity building and direct market access, while addressing inequities for sustainable outcomes.

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引用次数: 0

Constructing public rent: Property tax appeals and the fiscal strategies of rentier capitalism

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104232

Michael McCanless

This research analyzes the fiscal strategies real estate investors use to shift public funds onto private balance sheets, a process I frame as constructing public rent. Leveraging a novel dataset that links ownership with property tax appeal filings, I use a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative fieldwork—attending valuation and tax assessment conferences—with a computational analysis of property ownership and appeal filings in Memphis, Tennessee, between 2021 and 2023. My findings show that institutional single-family rental investors (12.5%) are nearly three times as likely to file property tax appeals when compared to other single-family investors (4.3%) and six times as likely when compared to homeowners (2.2%). This broader pattern is also evident as ownership concentrates at the neighborhood level, increasing the likelihood that investors pursue appeals in areas where their market share is highest, such as build-to-rent and corporate owned neighborhoods. The paper identifies build-to-rent developments as particularly concerning, as the sub-market concentration of ownership in these developments may limit the supply of transactions data necessary for a “mass appraisal” of real estate, potentially requiring assessment staff to adopt manual appraisal methods that could leave cities more vulnerable to property tax appeals.

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引用次数: 0

Using GIFscapes to examine young people’s affective experiences of urban spaces

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104231

Daniel Gutiérrez-Ujaque , Monica Degen , Quim Bonastra

This article proposes Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) as a novel methodology to investigate the affective experiences of young people in urban spaces, a group often excluded in urban planning processes. Drawing on children’s geographies, non-representational theory, and digital geographies, we introduce the concept of GIFscapes to evoke the relational, sensory, and emotional dynamics shaping our interactions with urban environments often overlooked by more traditional research methods. The paper is based on research for a community consultation in Uxbridge, London. It developed a participatory methodology with young people who chose GIFs to express their perceptions of Uxbridge’s town centre. We show how GIF’s affective capacity elicits insights into the youth’s affective experiences of urban environments as well as provides an engaging platform for dialogue to discuss their uses, perceptions and needs from urban environments. Our discussion reveals how important mundane urban atmospheres, such as rhythms, maintenance, and uses, are in shaping young people’s perceptions and attachments to place and highlights their views on neglected urban infrastructures, insufficient inclusive spaces, and social marginalisation. By demonstrating how GIFs enable accessing nuanced affective experiences of urban atmospheres, this research advances the field of children’s urban geographies and affective geographies. The article emphasises the value of embracing digital methods in urban studies to create cities that are physically functional and emotionally and experientially responsive.

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引用次数: 0

Four seasons of border violence: The co-option of the seasons into the management of migration

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104207

Karolina Benghellab , Thom Davies , Arshad Isakjee

From ocean currents to rivers, deserts, and mountains, the environment is often weaponized into border controls against people homogeneously racialized as “irregular migrants’’. This paper is based on our observation that direct violence used during pushbacks – illegal forced returns over a border – are enforced as well as resisted in the context of seasonal shifts; temporal processes that have been side-lined in migration-violence literature. Based on long-term fieldwork comprising “four seasons of ethnography” with survivors of pushbacks at (i) the border between Turkey and Iran (EU external borders), and (ii) the borders between Croatia with Bosnia-Herzegovina (EU internal borders), we introduce an intervention demonstrating how border violence either co-opts seasonal shifts or is fully externalised to extreme weather conditions. Combining border security studies and critical geography literature, we explore how the four seasons are incorporated by state officials to harm and debilitate migrants. We argue that state decisions to physically attack people are called into action when the seasonal affordances of the environment fail to immobilise migrants. Border security, in other words, has a seasonality that reveals the symbiotic relationships between seasonal changes and direct state violence. Yet, we also show that people migrating are not only victims of the environmentally-co-opted violence, but also use seasonal changes to challenge border controls, avoid detection, and finalise their journeys. By viewing border violence as a dynamic, shifting, and longitudinal process, we highlight how borders are punctuated by cyclical temporalities that open up and foreclose possibilities for resistance.

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引用次数: 0

“The real truth about wolves”: Political ecology of wildlife conservation in the post-truth era

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104238

Sanna Komi

Using a political ecology lens, this paper examines the impact of the post-truth era on wolf conservation debates in Finland. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Lieksa, and analysis of discussions in two Facebook groups focused on large carnivores from 2018 to 2023, it reveals a fundamental concern for the future of rural life and traditions. Critics of wolf conservation, while distrusting of conservation scientists, mimic scientific language and official data to convey their perceptions of the “real truth about wolves”. Such post-truth strategies, along with rumours and conspiracy theories, provide means to criticize conservation practices, but also exemplify power struggles over wildlife management. In essence, this paper posits that post-truth can be seen as a response to a post-political society where environmental governance is based on “objective” science, bypassing diverse value-laden nature relations. The study underscores the need for political dialogue to address the post-truth era’s challenges.

引用次数: 0

Staging indigeneity and autochthony in Northern Eurasia

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104222

Alexander Osipov

The article analyzes the interaction between autochthony, or ethnic groups’ claims of first occupancy, and the promotion of indigenous rights. The article addresses this interconnection in Russia and Ukraine and considers the stakeholders’ major modes of framing and political opportunities structure in both countries. The empirical findings do not prove the assumption that demands and actions based on autochthony and indigeneity inevitably reinforce each other and boost political contentions. The author identifies three major cases of such interactions and concludes that most actors refrain from promoting ethnic autochthony and demonstrate reluctance in exploiting the rhetoric of indigenous rights. Russian government and ethnic activists have jointly marginalized autochthony and in fact tacitly decoupled it in public discourses from indigenous issues. Russia despite its comprehensive legal framework effectively curtails indigenous rights and confines them to the protection of subsistence economy. Ukraine, previously being reluctant to pursue an indigenous policy and to support autochthonous claims, after 2014 has been using indigenous agenda and conflating it with autochthony to contest Russia’s control over Crimea. The existing discursive and normative framework of indigeneity does not necessarily entail and fuel territorial claims but rather provides governments and non-state actors with room for de-politicizing maneuvers.

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引用次数: 0

The Infrastructural Time of resilience: Accounting for new (and old) forms of government in the South African grid

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104209

Savannah Cox

Temporality has long, if implicitly, structured geographic research on resilience—whether by underwriting scholarly endeavors to show how resilience aligns with late 20th century neoliberal modes of intervention or to suggest that resilience demarcates a recent shift beyond them. It is evident, however, that a range of “old” and “new” governmental rationalities can be observed in resilience measures. To account for that simultaneity, I suggest that researchers turn to infrastructure. Doing so attunes us to the ensemble of historically-situated ethical and political projects that, as they are attached to and enacted through materials, create the complex political and physical terrains in and on which present-day resilience measures act. It also allows us to trace how the time horizons of infrastructure give shape to specific (de)centralized, collectivizing, and individualizing forms of resilience, which can be associated with a range of “old” and “new” governmental rationalities. I make this argument through a case study of the South African electricity system and measures taken to address its ongoing breakdowns. I show how the temporalities of finance, politics, development, and electricity have shaped the contemporary problem space in which resilience measures intervene, as well as the limited and interdependent forms that resilience is taking. In doing so, the paper advances new accounts of, and ways to account for, resilience today. Specifically, it reads contemporary resilience measures as temporal projects: insofar as these measures act on places, they also act on and through time.

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引用次数: 0

Neoliberal changes and perspectives for financialization in the management of Brazil’s water and sanitation services

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104220

Ana Lucia Britto

Over the past three decades, water services in many countries have been transformed by the growing influence of and reliance on private finance, through processes of financialization, commodification, marketization and privatization. This paper examines how financialization has become embedded in the provision of water in Brazil. The privatisation of water and sanitation services was first introduced as a national police in 1995, but only few contracts were signed. Within a new neoliberal policy context of Bolsonaro’s government Brazil’s water supply sector has undergone significant changes, facilitated and enacted within a new national legal framework, from 2020, which establishes greater incentives for private sector participation in water service provision and reduces financial support for public services. Furthermore, the National Bank for Social and Economic Development (BNDES) which plays a significant role in Brazil’s economy, being responsible for long-term financing and investment in various sectors, has organized ‘concession’ projects, that combines different geographical areas into ‘concession blocks’ in a strategy that aims to combine wealthier regions with those that severely lack services, aiming to make the latter more attractive to the private sector. There was a major acceleration in privatization. The paper analyses these on-going processes through the lens of a detailed case study of the water and sanitation privatization process in Rio de Janeiro state. The analyse reveals two main features of the changes currently taking place in the water supply sector: a shift in the private companies shareholding structure, including a strong participation of financial capital and the importance of national government policies and actors in shaping this new financialization process.

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引用次数: 0

Atlas of finance: Seeing and communicating the (financial) world differently

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104229

Karen P.Y. Lai

This commentary highlights the achievements of the Atlas as a landmark publication for financial geography. In doing so, I focus on three aspects of the Atlas that generates new (or renewed) debates and engagements with how finance matters for people, society and the environment: (i) seeing the invisible; (ii) finance and inequalities; and (iii) criticality. I also argue that the Atlas should make us reflect on our own research and intellectual practice, and what may be needed for us to communicate our research findings and arguments much more widely and effectively.

引用次数: 0

Environmental governance and political contestation in contexts of illegal small-scale gold mining in Ghana

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104221

Leonora Kleppa Stærfeldt , Paul Austin Stacey

Ghana experiences significant environmental harm from illegal small-scale gold mining. Despite government attempts to halt operations, countless sites exist around the country – enjoying local legitimacy, operating with seeming political impunity, and playing increasing roles in both local and national political economies. This article focuses on the environmental governance challenges and the underlying political organisational drivers, analysed from the perspectives of political settlement theory and contentious politics. This shows environmental governance challenges arising from the Ghana Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) occupying an inferior position in relation to more powerful and competing state entities and endeavouring to fulfil mandates in highly contentious local social and political fields. Accordingly, we argue that challenges to environmental regulation are based in efforts to establish ruling coalition stability amidst fierce political and institutional competition, and which results in an informalisation of resource governance and lack of structural constraints on powerful actors.

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引用次数: 0

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