Geoforum最新文献_第7页

Towards a framework of ‘off-gridding’: Conceptualising the practices and processes of urban energy transitions in South Africa 走向“离网”框架：概念化南非城市能源转型的实践和过程

IF 3.1 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104483

Joanna Jasmine Watterson

This paper develops the concept of off-gridding as a continuum of interactive, relational practices and processes with material, organisational, and social dimensions. It contributes to wider scholarship on the nature of energy infrastructures and their implications for diverse urban citizenships. Off-gridding is developed and demonstrated in the context of urban South Africa to understand how the practices of end-users (from below) and the processes of the state and other emergent actors (from above) involved in urban energy infrastructure transitions rearticulate the state-citizen relationship, and the implications for a just transition. These infrastructure transitions occur through: (1) grid secession by higher-income consumers insulating themselves from a failing electricity grid, (2) marginalisation of lower-income consumers from the grid, and most frequently, (3) grid supplementation with alternative energy sources across income groups. This continuum of practices occurs within the context of enduring spatial inequalities in the wake of apartheid urban development, South Africa’s electricity crisis, and contradictory state mandates and actual practices around provision. The paper draws on interview data across three sample groups of stakeholders in South Africa’s energy sector, including local government, private sector generators and distributors, and civil society. It also draws on field observations in high-, middle-, and low-income neighbourhoods in Cape Town and Johannesburg. Beyond South Africa, off-gridding provides an analytical framework for understanding how heterogeneous infrastructure provision and access intersect with liberalising energy markets and global agendas for just transitions.

本文将离网概念发展为具有材料、组织和社会维度的互动、关系实践和过程的连续体。它有助于更广泛地研究能源基础设施的性质及其对不同城市公民的影响。离网是在南非城市的背景下发展和展示的，目的是了解最终用户（从下）的做法，以及参与城市能源基础设施转型的国家和其他紧急行动者（从上）的过程如何重新阐明国家与公民的关系，以及对公正转型的影响。这些基础设施转型通过以下方式发生：(1)高收入消费者脱离电网，使自己免受故障电网的影响；(2)低收入消费者被电网边缘化；最常见的是，(3)各收入群体用替代能源补充电网。这种连续的实践发生在种族隔离的城市发展、南非的电力危机、相互矛盾的国家命令和围绕供应的实际做法所带来的持久的空间不平等的背景下。该报告利用了南非能源部门三个利益相关者样本组的访谈数据，包括地方政府、私营部门发电机和分销商以及民间社会。它还利用了在开普敦和约翰内斯堡高、中、低收入社区的实地观察。在南非之外，离网提供了一个分析框架，用于理解异构基础设施的提供和接入如何与能源市场自由化和全球转型议程相交叉。

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引用次数: 0

Rethinking geography and power in transboundary water relations: A critical reading and integration of physical, social and political geography 重新思考跨界水关系中的地理和权力：对自然、社会和政治地理学的批判性解读和整合

IF 3.1 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104473

Hussam Hussein , Ahmet Conker , Milad Jafari

Understanding how geography and power interact to shape water conflict and cooperation has been a central concern in critical hydropolitics. Existing frameworks − including hydro-hegemony, hydrosocial territories, and water nationalism − have highlighted the importance of both material and discursive dimensions, but their application to interstate relations often leaves unresolved how geographical imaginaries, infrastructures, and physical location intersect in shaping hydropolitical outcomes. Drawing on case studies from the Euphrates-Tigris, Helmand, and Orontes River basins, this article offers an empirically grounded critique of riparianism and its narrow assumptions about geography as a neutral backdrop. The analysis demonstrates that (1) dominant hydrological or legal approaches overlook the social production of geography; (2) transboundary water interactions are contested spaces co-produced through discourses of nationhood, infrastructure, cartography, and territorial imaginaries; and (3) material and constructed geographies operate in tandem, requiring a multi-scalar understanding of spatial contestation. The findings foreground the spatial politics of territorialisation in an explicitly geopolitical and nationalistic register, showing that hydropolitics is shaped not only by rivers’ physical courses but also by the contested geographies through which states imagine, interpret, and seek to govern them.

了解地理和权力如何相互作用，以塑造水的冲突和合作一直是关键的水政治的中心问题。现有的框架——包括水霸权、水社会领土和水民族主义——强调了物质维度和话语维度的重要性，但它们在州际关系中的应用往往没有解决地理想象、基础设施和物理位置如何在形成水政治结果方面相互交叉。通过对幼发拉底河-底格里斯河、赫尔曼德河和奥朗特斯河流域的案例研究，本文对河岸主义及其将地理作为中立背景的狭隘假设进行了基于经验的批判。分析表明：(1)主流的水文或法律方法忽视了地理的社会生产；(2)跨界水相互作用是通过国家地位、基础设施、制图和领土想象等话语共同产生的有争议空间；(3)材料和构建的地理是串联运作的，需要对空间竞争有多尺度的理解。研究结果表明，在明确的地缘政治和民族主义范围内，领土化的空间政治前景突出，表明水文政治不仅受到河流的物理路线的影响，而且受到国家想象、解释和寻求治理河流的有争议的地理位置的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Expanding the concept of hybrid governance in the context of illicit extractivism: the case of the Venezuelan Amazon 在非法采掘的背景下扩展混合治理的概念：委内瑞拉亚马逊地区的案例

IF 3.1 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104474

Emiliano Teran Mantovani

In the 21st century, powerful criminal groups have increased their participation in extractivism, significantly impacting the Amazon region. This dramatic expansion is also fueled by growing state corruption for economic profits. This article analyzes the emergence of hybrid governance in the Venezuelan Amazon during the period of severe crisis (2013–2021), which has seen an extraordinary and violent expansion of illicit natural resource extraction. Although the government of Nicolás Maduro formalized the mega-project Orinoco Mining Arc (OMA) in 2016 and promoted the militarization of the Amazon, I argue that illegal mining is at the center of this complex process. The concept of hybrid governance reveals that, in this context, national and international criminal armed groups and state actors, work within the same operations, to ultimately consolidate an extractivist regime. From a political ecology perspective, which is combined with conflict on natural resources literature, political economy and critical geography, this paper examines this emergent hybrid governance from three interrelated levels of analysis: i) State-policy level evaluates the evolution of OMA since its inception; ii) Bioregion level, analyzes the geographies of illegal mining and how they have shaped the extractivist macro-dynamics of the Amazon; and iii) Local level examines 20 environmental conflicts distributed throughout the region. The paper contributes to broaden the conceptualization of hybrid governance in the specific scope of illicit extractivism, and proposes a critical tool for analyzing and unveiling the strategic partnerships and dynamic associations of actors that are deeply shaped by corruption, looting and imperatives on natural resources extraction. Furthermore, it problematizes the contradictory roles of the state, which can promote the merging of legal and illegal extractions to enable and legitimize these extractive operations.

在21世纪，强大的犯罪集团越来越多地参与采掘活动，对亚马逊地区产生了重大影响。这种戏剧性的扩张也受到日益增长的国家贪腐经济利益的推动。本文分析了委内瑞拉亚马逊地区在严重危机时期（2013-2021年）出现的混合治理，非法自然资源开采出现了非同寻常的暴力扩张。虽然Nicolás马杜罗政府在2016年正式启动了大型项目奥里诺科采矿弧（OMA），并推动了亚马逊地区的军事化，但我认为非法采矿是这一复杂过程的核心。混合治理的概念表明，在这种情况下，国家和国际犯罪武装团体和国家行为者在同一行动中工作，最终巩固了一个榨取主义政权。本文从政治生态学的角度，结合自然资源文献、政治经济学和批判地理学的冲突，从三个相互关联的层面分析了这种新兴的混合治理：1)国家政策层面评估了OMA自成立以来的演变；ii)生物区域层面，分析非法采矿的地理位置以及它们如何塑造亚马逊地区的采掘者宏观动态；iii)地方层面考察分布在整个地区的20个环境冲突。本文有助于在非法开采的特定范围内扩大混合治理的概念，并提出了一种关键工具，用于分析和揭示深受腐败、掠夺和自然资源开采必要性影响的行动者之间的战略伙伴关系和动态关联。此外，它使国家的矛盾角色成为问题，这可能促进合法和非法采掘的合并，使这些采掘活动合法化。

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引用次数: 0

Valuing timber, making financial assets: the role of US generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the financialization of nature 评估木材，制造金融资产：美国公认会计原则（GAAP）在自然金融化中的作用

IF 3.1 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104477

Kelly Kay

Through large land sales and corporate restructuring during the 1990s and 2000s, institutional investors have come to be the largest owners of private timberland in nearly all rural timber-dependent communities in the United States. As a result, forests, like many other types of landed property, are increasingly subject to “financialized” (Gunnoe, 2014) forms of management and control. While scholars generally acknowledge the importance of tax and pension law reform for making land investable (Mendell, 2016), I demonstrate how accounting norms play a critical—yet understudied—role as well. This paper focuses on US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), which provides a unified set of standards for US-based companies and aims to ensure that assets and debts are being valued prudently and consistently. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in Oregon and Georgia, as well as archival research and participant observation at timberland investment events, I show how the forest products industry increasingly became an appealing target for financialized landownership because of accounting norms that artificially depressed timberland values on corporate balance sheets. Given the fundamentally conservative nature of GAAP, land is generally valued based on its book (or historic) value, rather than fair market value, creating major discrepancies over time that could only be unlocked through land sales or corporate restructuring. I conclude by raising the fact that understanding historical precedents for the financialization of land demands that scholars engage much more closely with the norms of accounting and other standards of corporate governance.

通过20世纪90年代和21世纪初的大规模土地出售和公司重组，机构投资者已经成为美国几乎所有农村木材依赖社区私人林地的最大所有者。因此，森林与许多其他类型的土地财产一样，越来越多地受到“金融化”（Gunnoe, 2014）管理和控制形式的影响。虽然学者们普遍承认税收和养老金法律改革对土地可投资的重要性（Mendell, 2016），但我展示了会计规范如何发挥关键但尚未得到充分研究的作用。本文的重点是美国公认会计原则（GAAP），它为美国公司提供了一套统一的标准，旨在确保资产和债务的估值是谨慎和一致的。根据在俄勒冈州和佐治亚州进行的实地调查，以及对林地投资事件的档案研究和参与者观察，我展示了林产品行业如何日益成为土地所有权金融化的一个有吸引力的目标，因为会计规范人为地压低了公司资产负债表上的林地价值。考虑到GAAP的保守本质，土地的估值通常基于其账面（或历史）价值，而不是公平的市场价值，随着时间的推移，产生了巨大的差异，这些差异只能通过土地出售或公司重组来解决。最后，我提出了这样一个事实，即要理解土地金融化的历史先例，学者们需要更密切地接触会计规范和其他公司治理标准。

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引用次数: 0

Manufacturing the influencity: short-form video and the politics of visibility in China’s new first-tier cities 制造影响力：短视频和中国新一线城市知名度的政治

IF 3.1 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104481

Xin Li

This paper analyses the politics of visibility in China’s platform-mediated urbanism, examining how urban imaginaries are co-produced through the contested interplay of local governments, digital platforms, and everyday users. Drawing on multi-sited digital ethnography on the short-form video app Douyin across five new first-tier cities – Xi’an, Chongqing, Chengdu, Hangzhou, and Zhengzhou – this study reveals how the very technical architecture of these platforms governs urban narratives and shapes material urban space. Our findings expose a negotiated field of visibility where three forces converge. First, local governments engage in symbolic governance, strategically collaborating with platforms to craft official city brands while curating public discourse. Second, platforms like Douyin act as powerful arbiters, their algorithmic logics amplifying or muting specific places, people, and stories. Third, users tactically navigate this contested terrain with creative practices – simultaneously performing, appropriating, and subverting dominant narratives through their embodied digital presence. While this tripartite process appears to democratize urban representation, it simultaneously entrenches new forms of spatial homogenization and socio-digital inequality. Ultimately, the paper argues that power in the platform city is exercised not merely through content, but is embedded within the platform’s infrastructures and affordances. We conclude by proposing a framework of “dialogic visibility” that advocates for more transparent and participatory urban futures, urging a critical rebalancing of algorithmically driven amplification with the authentic, plural voices of urban communities.

本文分析了中国以平台为媒介的城市主义中的可见性政治，考察了城市想象是如何通过地方政府、数字平台和日常用户之间有争议的相互作用共同产生的。利用短视频应用抖音在五个新一线城市（西安、重庆、成都、杭州和郑州）的多站点数字人种学，这项研究揭示了这些平台的技术架构如何支配城市叙事，塑造物质城市空间。我们的研究结果揭示了一个协商的可见领域，其中三股力量汇聚。首先，地方政府进行象征性治理，与平台进行战略合作，在策划公共话语的同时打造官方城市品牌。其次，抖音等平台充当了强大的仲裁者，它们的算法逻辑放大或屏蔽了特定的地点、人物和故事。第三，用户通过创造性的实践在这个有争议的领域中策略性地导航——同时通过他们具体的数字存在来表演、挪用和颠覆主流叙事。虽然这一三方过程似乎使城市代表性民主化，但同时也巩固了空间同质化和社会数字不平等的新形式。最后，本文认为，平台城市的权力不仅仅是通过内容来行使的，而是嵌入在平台的基础设施和服务中。最后，我们提出了一个“对话可见性”框架，倡导更加透明和参与性的城市未来，敦促在算法驱动的放大与城市社区真实、多元的声音之间进行关键的再平衡。

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引用次数: 0

Path development politics: contesting regional hydrogen economies in Northern Europe 路径发展政治：北欧地区氢经济之争

IF 3.1 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104470

Will Eadson , Georgia De Leeuw

This article uses empirical investigation of regional hydrogen investments and strategies in Northern Europe to develop a new conceptual approach to regional industrial path development which foregrounds politics and power as explanatory factors in understanding the logics, processes and outcomes of path development.

This conceptualisation departs from Evolutionary Economic Geography approaches to industrial change through its focus on path development as political process. We build from and advance Geographic Political Economy approaches to path development to outline a multi-faceted conceptualisation of path development politics encompassing institutional, material, cultural and civil-welfare politics which entwine to shape and produce different path development processes and outcomes. We argue this represents a significant expansion of existing scholarship in the field.

The article also makes an important empirical contribution through original international analysis of hydrogen developments in European regions, a highly topical area of research which has not yet been treated to detailed international comparative analysis. It finds that the four modes of politics identified are critical to understanding how ‘hydrogenated path development’ is taking shape.

本文通过对北欧区域氢能投资和战略的实证研究，提出了一种新的区域工业路径发展的概念方法，该方法将政治和权力作为理解路径发展的逻辑、过程和结果的解释因素。这种概念化通过将路径发展作为政治过程来关注工业变革，从而偏离了演化经济地理学方法。我们建立和推进路径发展的地理政治经济学方法，以概述路径发展政治的多方面概念化，包括制度，物质，文化和公民福利政治，这些政治交织在一起，形成和产生不同的路径发展过程和结果。我们认为，这代表了该领域现有学术的重大扩展。本文还通过对欧洲地区氢发展的原始国际分析做出了重要的实证贡献，这是一个高度热门的研究领域，尚未进行详细的国际比较分析。报告发现，确定的四种政治模式对于理解“氢化道路发展”是如何形成的至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Whatever floats your boat: practice, class and distinction on Britain’s waterways 无论你的船是什么：在英国的水道上练习，等级和区别

IF 3.1 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104467

Agatha Herman , Richard Yarwood

Over recent years, increasing numbers of people in Britain have sought to live on inland waterways. In this paper we identify the different circumstances in which people come to live on the water; examine the differentiated ways in which boaters can access the waterway network and assess how different forms of regulation and practice impact on the social geographies of using canals. Drawing on interviews with people living on the water, we examine diverse groups of people compete to practice the waterscape in different ways. Based on this analysis, we identify new, emergent class structures of living on the water.

近年来，越来越多的英国人寻求住在内陆水道上。在本文中，我们确定了人们来水上生活的不同情况；检查船民进入水路网络的不同方式，并评估不同形式的监管和实践如何影响使用运河的社会地理。通过对生活在水上的人们的采访，我们研究了不同群体的人以不同的方式练习水景。基于这一分析，我们确定了新的、新兴的水生生物阶级结构。

引用次数: 0

Financialization and water crisis in São Paulo (2014–2015) 金融化与<s:1>圣保罗水危机（2014-2015）

IF 3.1 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104464

Tamara Zambiasi

This study investigates how the financialization of water infrastructure reconfigured governance practices during the 2014–2015 water crisis in São Paulo, Brazil. While often framed as a governance failure, the crisis is analyzed here as a moment in which financial imperatives—such as revenue continuity, investor signaling, and dividend performance—were prioritized over equitable service provision. The research employs a qualitative case study approach, drawing on 37 elite interviews, official reports, and documentary analysis. Findings show that Sabesp, the state-owned water utility, deployed techniques such as regressive billing, tariff adjustments, and global dividend payouts to preserve financial credibility, even amid deepening scarcity. These instruments displaced the burden of crisis onto vulnerable populations while maintaining investor confidence. Framed through a spatial approach informed by Milton Santos and critical financialization literature, the study reveals how financial logics become embedded in infrastructure governance, generating new forms of socio-spatial inequality. Financialization thus emerges as a spatialized process of extractive governance.

本研究调查了2014-2015年巴西圣保罗水危机期间，水基础设施的金融化如何重新配置治理实践。虽然经常被认为是治理失败，但在本文中，我们将危机分析为一个金融当务之急——如收入连续性、投资者信号和股息表现——优先于公平服务提供的时刻。本研究采用定性案例研究方法，借鉴了37位精英访谈、官方报告和文献分析。调查结果显示，国有水务公司Sabesp采用了累退计费、关税调整和全球股息支付等技术，以保持财务可信度，即使在水资源日益稀缺的情况下也是如此。这些工具将危机的负担转嫁给了弱势群体，同时保持了投资者的信心。该研究以米尔顿·桑托斯（Milton Santos）和重要金融化文献为基础，以空间方法为框架，揭示了金融逻辑如何嵌入基础设施治理，从而产生新的社会空间不平等形式。因此，金融化作为一种掠夺性治理的空间化过程而出现。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial intermediation and regional economic relationships: Platform influencers as live-streaming intermediaries 空间中介与区域经济关系：平台影响者作为直播中介

IF 3.1 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104476

Yinghao Zhang , John R. Bryson

The widespread adoption of digital technology has fundamentally reshaped the spatial organization of global economic activities, with platform influencers emerging as novel spatial intermediaries who actively reconfigure regional economic relationships through sophisticated coordination mechanisms that transcend traditional geographical constraints. Whilst existing research predominantly focuses on platform influencers’ marketing communication functions and consumer culture characteristics, systematic investigation of their role in restructuring regional economies from a spatial intermediation perspective remains limited. This paper examines how different types of platform influencer reshape regional economic relationships through distinctive spatial intermediation practices, specifically investigating how top streamers, niche streamers, and micro-streamers establish differentiated spatial connections, configure supply chains and value networks, and generate economic value across regions. We employ a sequential mixed-methods approach combining web-scraped platform data analysis of over 60 million live-streaming sessions from 140,000 streamers, systematic ethnographic observation of 50 representative streamers, and 62 in-depth interviews with stakeholders across four strategically selected Chinese cities. Our findings reveal three distinct types of agency with complementary spatial intermediation capabilities: top streamers demonstrate systematic agency through polycentric networks and comprehensive supply chain management; niche streamers exhibit specialized agency through expertise deployment and manufacturing integration; micro-streamers operate through mediated agency characterized by algorithmic dependence yet combined they generate significant collective impact. We develop a conceptual framework identifying “inter-space fields” as temporary hybrid spaces that platform influencers construct to connect different geographical locations, enabling new forms of territorial economic coordination that blur the boundaries between production and consumption whilst transforming established practices and relationships.

数字技术的广泛采用从根本上重塑了全球经济活动的空间组织，平台影响者成为新的空间中介，通过超越传统地理限制的复杂协调机制积极重新配置区域经济关系。虽然现有的研究主要集中在平台网红的营销传播功能和消费文化特征上，但从空间中介的角度对其在区域经济结构调整中的作用的系统研究仍然有限。本文研究了不同类型的平台网红如何通过独特的空间中介实践重塑区域经济关系，具体研究了顶级网红、小众网红和微网红如何建立差异化的空间联系，配置供应链和价值网络，并产生跨区域的经济价值。我们采用了顺序混合方法，结合了网络抓取平台数据分析，来自14万名主播的6000多万场直播，对50名代表性主播的系统人种学观察，以及对中国四个战略选择城市的利益相关者的62次深度访谈。我们的研究结果揭示了三种具有互补空间中介能力的不同代理类型：顶级流媒体通过多中心网络和综合供应链管理展示了系统性代理；通过专业知识部署和制造集成，小众流媒体呈现专业化代理；微流媒体通过以算法依赖为特征的中介机构运作，但结合起来，它们产生了显著的集体影响。我们开发了一个概念性框架，将“空间间场”识别为平台影响者构建的临时混合空间，以连接不同的地理位置，实现新的地域经济协调形式，模糊生产和消费之间的界限，同时改变既定的实践和关系。

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引用次数: 0

Arctic agrarian futures? A political ecology of climate change in the Northwest Territories, Canada 北极农业的未来？加拿大西北地区气候变化的政治生态

IF 3.1 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104462

Mindy Jewell Price

This article takes a political ecology approach to examine climate change impacts and adaptation among small-scale farmers and gardeners in the Northwest Territories, Canada. While many of the rural people at the heart of this analysis have yet to be fully separated from their means of production and social reproduction, land-based livelihoods are becoming more precarious and uncertain due to climate changes on the land. I draw on four years of ethnographic research in three Northwest Territories’ communities to examine how individuals and communities exert agency in their decisions to migrate, remain, and adopt new forms of food production. Contrary to dominant narratives of climate-driven agricultural frontiers, this research finds that some small-scale farmers are finding agriculture too risky a livelihood strategy. At the same time, some Indigenous communities are expanding subsistence agriculture as a way to adapt to changes in the traditional food system and remain in their homelands.

本文采用政治生态学的方法来研究气候变化对加拿大西北地区小农和园丁的影响和适应。虽然这一分析的核心是许多农村人口尚未完全脱离生产资料和社会再生产，但由于土地上的气候变化，以土地为基础的生计正变得更加不稳定和不确定。我在西北地区的三个社区进行了四年的人种学研究，以研究个人和社区如何在决定迁移、保留和采用新的粮食生产形式时发挥代理作用。与气候驱动的农业前沿的主流叙述相反，这项研究发现，一些小农发现农业作为一种生计战略风险太大。与此同时，一些土著社区正在扩大自给农业，作为适应传统粮食系统变化并留在家园的一种方式。

引用次数: 0