Geoforum最新文献

Winds of change – Nomadic grassroots innovations in the maritime shipping sector 变革之风--海运业的游牧式基层创新

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104137

Grassroots innovations are seen as important contributors to sustainability transitions, however, given their dependence on place-specific conditions they face diffusion challenges. Responding to previously outlined gaps regarding conceptualisation and exploration of the spatiality of grassroots innovations, this paper introduces a conceptualisation of nomadic grassroots innovations. These are grassroots innovations that are mobile and perform activities in multiple places they continuously return to, conceptualised as host localities, while also being based in home localities containing for example offices and key infrastructure. Contributing to a more nuanced understanding of the geography of grassroots activities, the analysis explores the spatiality of socio-technical elements influencing three stages of development (initiation, operations, and upscaling and diffusion) of nine grassroots initiatives promoting a return to traditional sail cargo ships. Findings suggests that nomadic grassroots innovations are dependent on elements in home and host localities as well as from national and international contexts, indicating that the spatiality of nomadic grassroots innovations differs from place-based initiatives throughout all stages of development. Furthermore, analysis of challenges and opportunities for development of nomadic grassroots innovations reveals three key learnings for grassroots innovation diffusion: strategies for developing social cohesion through multi-scalar actor networks, utilising (costumer) demand for alternative solutions, and taking favourable sector conditions as a starting point when designing grassroots innovations. Combined, this could enable development of grassroots innovations that are less dependent on place-specific conditions and thereby easier to replicate, which could increase the capacity of grassroots innovations to tackle global challenges such as climate change.

基层创新被视为可持续转型的重要促进因素，然而，由于其依赖于特定地点的条件，它们面临着传播方面的挑战。针对之前概述的基层创新空间性概念化和探索方面的差距，本文提出了游牧式基层创新的概念。这些草根创新具有流动性，它们在不断返回的多个地方开展活动，这些地方被概念化为东道主地区，同时也以包含办公室和关键基础设施等的母地为基地。该分析有助于更细致地了解基层活动的地理特征，探讨了影响九项促进传统风帆货船回归的基层倡议的三个发展阶段（启动、运营、升级和传播）的社会技术要素的空间性。研究结果表明，游牧民族的基层创新依赖于本土和东道国以及国内和国际背景下的要素，这表明游牧民族基层创新的空间性在所有发展阶段都不同于以地方为基础的倡议。此外，对游牧基层创新发展的挑战和机遇的分析揭示了基层创新推广的三个关键经验：通过多级行为者网络发展社会凝聚力的战略、利用（消费者）对替代解决方案的需求，以及在设计基层创新时将有利的行业条件作为出发点。这些措施结合起来，可以使基层创新的发展不那么依赖于具体地方的条件，从而更容易复制，这可以提高基层创新应对气候变化等全球性挑战的能力。

{"title":"Winds of change – Nomadic grassroots innovations in the maritime shipping sector","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grassroots innovations are seen as important contributors to sustainability transitions, however, given their dependence on place-specific conditions they face diffusion challenges. Responding to previously outlined gaps regarding conceptualisation and exploration of the spatiality of grassroots innovations, this paper introduces a conceptualisation of nomadic grassroots innovations. These are grassroots innovations that are mobile and perform activities in multiple places they continuously return to, conceptualised as host localities, while also being based in home localities containing for example offices and key infrastructure. Contributing to a more nuanced understanding of the geography of grassroots activities, the analysis explores the spatiality of socio-technical elements influencing three stages of development (initiation, operations, and upscaling and diffusion) of nine grassroots initiatives promoting a return to traditional sail cargo ships. Findings suggests that nomadic grassroots innovations are dependent on elements in home and host localities as well as from national and international contexts, indicating that the spatiality of nomadic grassroots innovations differs from place-based initiatives throughout all stages of development. Furthermore, analysis of challenges and opportunities for development of nomadic grassroots innovations reveals three key learnings for grassroots innovation diffusion: strategies for developing social cohesion through multi-scalar actor networks, utilising (costumer) demand for alternative solutions, and taking favourable sector conditions as a starting point when designing grassroots innovations. Combined, this could enable development of grassroots innovations that are less dependent on place-specific conditions and thereby easier to replicate, which could increase the capacity of grassroots innovations to tackle global challenges such as climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retreat or resist: Navigating uncertainties in pastoral Amdo Tibet, China 撤退还是抵抗？驾驭中国西藏安多牧区的不确定性

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104133

In the contemporary era marked by heightened uncertainties, particularly attributable to climate change, insufficient attention has been directed towards rural pastoral China. Paradoxically, it is within these rural settings, notably those reliant on natural resources, that the palpable repercussion of extreme climate variations unfold. Pastoralists in Saga, Amdo Tibet, acting as authorized stewards of the rangeland, find themselves grappling with formidable challenges emanating from escalating land values spurred by tourism, infrastructure investments, conservational initiatives, and the consequential impacts of climate change-induced land loss. This study underscores the pivotal role of the local-state relations in navigating the mounting uncertainties and complexities arising from external interventions. Specifically, this paper examines how pastoralists engage in negotiating the norms, roles and relationships governing their integration or securing favourable terms within evolving land issues. Drawing on empirical cases and with the notion of assemblage, it is evident that pastoralists adeptly leverage established roles and relationships, notably through the utilization of retired village cadres, using their seasoned understanding of bureaucratic intricacies, forms a critical network instrumental in preserving pastoralists’ access to essential rangeland resources on the ground.

在不确定性增加的当代，尤其是在气候变化的影响下，人们对中国农村牧区的关注不够。矛盾的是，正是在这些农村地区，特别是那些依赖自然资源的地区，极端气候变异所带来的明显影响才得以显现。西藏安多萨嘎县的牧民是牧场的授权管理者，他们发现自己正在努力应对因旅游业、基础设施投资、保护措施以及气候变化引起的土地流失所造成的土地价值不断攀升而带来的严峻挑战。本研究强调了地方与国家关系在应对外部干预带来的日益严重的不确定性和复杂性方面所发挥的关键作用。具体而言，本文探讨了牧民如何就规范、角色和关系进行谈判，从而在不断演变的土地问题中融入或获得有利条件。根据经验案例和组合概念，牧民显然善于利用既有的角色和关系，特别是通过利用退休村干部，利用他们对错综复杂的官僚体制的老练理解，形成了一个重要的网络，有助于维护牧民在当地获得必要的牧场资源。

{"title":"Retreat or resist: Navigating uncertainties in pastoral Amdo Tibet, China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the contemporary era marked by heightened uncertainties, particularly attributable to climate change, insufficient attention has been directed towards rural pastoral China. Paradoxically, it is within these rural settings, notably those reliant on natural resources, that the palpable repercussion of extreme climate variations unfold. Pastoralists in Saga, Amdo Tibet, acting as authorized stewards of the rangeland, find themselves grappling with formidable challenges emanating from escalating land values spurred by tourism, infrastructure investments, conservational initiatives, and the consequential impacts of climate change-induced land loss. This study underscores the pivotal role of the local-state relations in navigating the mounting uncertainties and complexities arising from external interventions. Specifically, this paper examines how pastoralists engage in negotiating the norms, roles and relationships governing their integration or securing favourable terms within evolving land issues. Drawing on empirical cases and with the notion of assemblage, it is evident that pastoralists adeptly leverage established roles and relationships, notably through the utilization of retired village cadres, using their seasoned understanding of bureaucratic intricacies, forms a critical network instrumental in preserving pastoralists’ access to essential rangeland resources on the ground.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resilient queer subjects: Lesbian, bisexual, and transgender women on the Israeli periphery 坚韧不拔的同性恋主体：以色列周边地区的女同性恋、双性恋和变性妇女

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104134

In recent years, LGBT subjectivities have been depicted as strong. Moreover, these identities are increasingly connected to normativity (homonormativity) and deemed a part of the national consensus (homonationalism). Correspondingly, another framework revolves around the perception of LGBTs as fragile, linking them to a discourse of vulnerability (e.g., queer and LGBT safe spaces). At any rate, most of the research has concentrated on urban LGBT subjectivities. However, the experiences of lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (LBT) women in rural and peripheral spaces demand a reappraisal of what constitutes LGBT subjectivities in rural spaces, small villages, and peripheral towns. This article is predicated on 61 qualitative interviews with LBT women on Israel’s periphery. According to the study’s findings, participants regularly encounter manifestations of LGBTphobia. Nevertheless, their spatial experiences of sexuality forge rural LBT resilience. The paper’s analysis explicates three socio-spatial distancing mechanisms that the participants use to cope with LGBTphobia. As such, resilience is an outgrowth of recuperation and helps the women defend themselves. In light of the above, I argue that LBT subjectivities in rural expanses become resilient in the face of such prejudice. Moreover, this fortitude casts doubt on the portrayal of LGBTs as either vulnerable and in need of protection or empowered and warranting critique.

近年来，女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和变性者的主体性被描绘得十分强烈。此外，这些身份越来越多地与规范性（同性恋规范性）联系在一起，并被视为国家共识的一部分（同性恋民族主义）。与此相对应，另一个框架则围绕着将 LGBT 视为脆弱的看法，将他们与脆弱性话语联系在一起（例如，同性恋和 LGBT 安全空间）。无论如何，大多数研究都集中于城市 LGBT 的主体性。然而，农村和边缘空间的女同性恋、双性恋和变性（LBT）妇女的经历要求我们重新评估农村空间、小村庄和边缘城镇中 LGBT 的主体性。本文以对以色列边缘地区 LGBT 妇女的 61 次定性访谈为基础。研究结果表明，参与者经常会遇到仇视女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和变性者的现象。然而，她们在性方面的空间体验锻造了农村男女同性恋、双性恋和变性者的韧性。本文的分析阐述了参与者用来应对 LGBT 仇视的三种社会空间距离机制。因此，复原力是休养生息的产物，有助于妇女保护自己。有鉴于此，我认为农村地区的女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和变性者主体性在面对这种偏见时变得坚韧不拔。此外，这种坚韧使人们对 LGBT 的描述产生了怀疑：他们要么是脆弱的、需要保护的，要么是强大的、值得批判的。

{"title":"Resilient queer subjects: Lesbian, bisexual, and transgender women on the Israeli periphery","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, LGBT subjectivities have been depicted as strong. Moreover, these identities are increasingly connected to normativity (homonormativity) and deemed a part of the national consensus (homonationalism). Correspondingly, another framework revolves around the perception of LGBTs as fragile, linking them to a discourse of vulnerability (e.g., queer and LGBT safe spaces). At any rate, most of the research has concentrated on urban LGBT subjectivities. However, the experiences of lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (LBT) women in rural and peripheral spaces demand a reappraisal of what constitutes LGBT subjectivities in rural spaces, small villages, and peripheral towns. This article is predicated on 61 qualitative interviews with LBT women on Israel’s periphery. According to the study’s findings, participants regularly encounter manifestations of LGBTphobia. Nevertheless, their spatial experiences of sexuality forge rural LBT resilience. The paper’s analysis explicates three socio-spatial distancing mechanisms that the participants use to cope with LGBTphobia. As such, resilience is an outgrowth of recuperation and helps the women defend themselves. In light of the above, I argue that LBT subjectivities in rural expanses become resilient in the face of such prejudice. Moreover, this fortitude casts doubt on the portrayal of LGBTs as either vulnerable and in need of protection or empowered and warranting critique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sense of place and micro-business vulnerability to extreme weather in China 中国的地方感和微型企业面对极端天气的脆弱性

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104135

Micro-businesses are highly vulnerable to the impact of extreme weather. However, business and management research has primarily focused on larger organizations or tended to rely on evidence from developed countries. The concept of place is reduced to physical location and space. This research explores the role of a broader concept of place that encompasses sensemaking. The objective is to examine the relationship between sense of place and the vulnerable characteristics of business. Structured interviews were conducted with 300 owners and operators of micro-businesses operating in three Chinese coastal cities. Results have identified multiple linkages between attributes of sense of place and business vulnerability. While these linkages do not demonstrate complete coherence, place identity shows the strongest explanatory power. New directions for future research are discussed, concerning the multidimensionality of the concept of place beyond materiality and spatiality, and the dynamic relationship between place and vulnerability accumulation.

微型企业极易受到极端天气的影响。然而，商业和管理研究主要侧重于大型组织，或倾向于依赖发达国家的证据。地方的概念被简化为物理位置和空间。本研究探讨了更广泛的地方概念的作用，其中包括感性认识的形成。目的是研究地方感与企业脆弱特征之间的关系。研究人员对中国三个沿海城市 300 家微型企业的所有者和经营者进行了结构化访谈。结果发现了地方感与企业脆弱性之间的多种联系。虽然这些联系并不完全一致，但地方认同显示出最强的解释力。研究还讨论了未来研究的新方向，即超越物质性和空间性的地方概念的多维性，以及地方与脆弱性积累之间的动态关系。

引用次数: 0

Conceptualizing labor agency through resilience: Practices of reassembling work on domestic services platforms 通过复原力概念化劳动代理：在家政服务平台上重新组合工作的做法

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104130

In this article, I attempt to contribute to understanding labor agency in the context of platform-mediated labor, or gig work, in the domestic cleaning sector in Geneva through the category of resilience. First, I briefly summarize different accounts of platform-mediated work to highlight issues around temporariness and flexibility. Then, I present the theoretical framework of the paper, which interweaves literature on workers’ agency that focuses on micro-level and livelihood practices. The second part of the paper is based on empirical fieldwork I conducted in Geneva with workers who engage in platform-mediated labor. I present the findings by juxtaposing vignettes that frame resilience through multiple voices and experiences. The vignettes present specific everyday practices of resilience that I introduce through the lexicon of reassembling work. The vignettes further highlight the relational, spatial, and ambiguous characteristics of resilience in mediating conditions of precarization in the labor market.

在本文中，我试图通过 "复原力 "这一范畴，帮助理解日内瓦家庭清洁行业中平台中介劳动（或称 "演出工作"）背景下的劳动代理。首先，我简要总结了关于平台中介工作的不同说法，以强调围绕临时性和灵活性的问题。然后，我介绍了本文的理论框架，该框架交织了关注微观层面和生计实践的工人代理文献。论文的第二部分基于我在日内瓦对从事平台中介劳动的工人进行的实证实地调查。我通过并列的小故事来介绍研究结果，这些小故事通过多种声音和经验来构建复原力。这些小故事展示了具体的日常复原力实践，我通过 "重新组装工作 "这一词汇介绍了这些实践。这些小故事进一步突出了复原力在调解劳动力市场不稳定状况时所具有的关系性、空间性和模糊性特征。

引用次数: 0

Coloniality of power and the imaginaries of tourism in Victoria Falls 维多利亚瀑布的殖民权力与旅游想象

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104131

Victoria Falls, a majestic waterfall designated as a World Heritage site in Zimbabwe, is one of Africa’s well-sought-after tourist destinations. The thriving tourism industry in Victoria Falls emerged from the early days of colonialism in 1900 to occupy an essential position within the British colonial empire and thus played a central role in travel itineraries in Southern Africa. However, alongside its emergent success, previously envisioned within European colonial imagery of leisure and supremacy, participation in the present tourism value chain and value capture is uneven and skewed towards foreign and white-own tourism businesses. These patterns of exclusion potentially mirror the racial structural inequalities imposed by colonialism, which ended in 1980. In this paper, we contribute to scholarship on tourism global value chains (GVCs) by analysing the role and impact of history /colonial past on the current nature of the tourism value chain in Victoria Falls. In this approach, we adopt the concept of Coloniality of power to illuminate past continuities and explain the uneven participation and value capture among actors. More fundamentally, we provide a brief reflection on how tourism GVCs can be extricated from colonial and racial legacies.

维多利亚瀑布（Victoria Falls）是津巴布韦的一个宏伟瀑布，已被指定为世界遗产，是非洲广受欢迎的旅游目的地之一。维多利亚瀑布旅游业的蓬勃发展始于 1900 年殖民主义初期，在英国殖民帝国中占据了重要地位，因此在南部非洲的旅游路线中扮演了核心角色。然而，在其取得成功的同时（之前是在欧洲殖民主义的休闲和至高无上的想象中），参与当前旅游价值链和价值获取的情况并不均衡，而且偏向于外国和白人拥有的旅游企业。这些排斥模式可能反映了 1980 年结束的殖民主义所强加的种族结构性不平等。在本文中，我们通过分析历史/殖民历史对维多利亚瀑布旅游业价值链当前性质的作用和影响，为旅游业全球价值链（GVCs）的学术研究做出贡献。为此，我们采用了 "权力的殖民性 "这一概念来阐明过去的连续性，并解释参与者之间不均衡的参与和价值获取。更重要的是，我们简要思考了旅游业全球价值链如何才能摆脱殖民和种族遗产的影响。

{"title":"Coloniality of power and the imaginaries of tourism in Victoria Falls","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Victoria Falls, a majestic waterfall designated as a World Heritage site in Zimbabwe, is one of Africa’s well-sought-after tourist destinations. The thriving tourism industry in Victoria Falls emerged from the early days of colonialism in 1900 to occupy an essential position within the British colonial empire and thus played a central role in travel itineraries in Southern Africa. However, alongside its emergent success, previously envisioned within European colonial imagery of leisure and supremacy, participation in the present tourism value chain and value capture is uneven and skewed towards foreign and white-own tourism businesses. These patterns of exclusion potentially mirror the racial structural inequalities imposed by colonialism, which ended in 1980. In this paper, we contribute to scholarship on tourism global value chains (GVCs) by analysing the role and impact of history /colonial past on the current nature of the tourism value chain in Victoria Falls. In this approach, we adopt the concept of Coloniality of power to illuminate past continuities and explain the uneven participation and value capture among actors. More fundamentally, we provide a brief reflection on how tourism GVCs can be extricated from colonial and racial legacies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rights for nature or protecting people’s rights?: The operationalization of rights of nature in non-indigenous communities in the United States 自然权利还是保护人民的权利？美国非土著社区自然权利的可操作性

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104124

As the Rights of Nature movement gains political traction globally, researchers must examine how this transnational movement to extend rights to nature or natural entities is being operationalized in place. Proponents of the rights of nature contend transferring rights to nature constitutes a paradigm shift in human-environment interactions and will lead to solutions directed at the root causes of environmental problems. Critics contend that these rights-based governance structures have the potential to do more harm than good for environmental protection depending on the cultural and legal frameworks within which rights of nature are enacted. In this paper, I examine how rights of nature have been operationalized in non-Indigenous communities in the United States through an analysis of rights of nature ordinances passed in these communities between 2006 and 2020. Drawing on theoretical engagements with rights I demonstrate how the reliance on universalizing human rights frameworks and anti-corporation rhetoric both distinguish these ordinances from the broader rights of nature movement and center the rights of people to have access to a clean environment rather than the intrinsic rights of nature. In conclusion, I explore alternatives to how rights of nature are currently operationalized in non-Indigenous communities in the United States and call for increased research on the implications and impacts of rights of nature ordinances to assess whether they achieve their stated goals.

随着 "自然权利 "运动在全球范围内获得政治牵引力，研究人员必须研究如何将这一跨国运动扩展到自然或自然实体。自然权利的支持者认为，将权利转移给自然是人类与环境互动模式的转变，将带来针对环境问题根源的解决方案。批评者则认为，这些以权利为基础的治理结构有可能对环境保护弊大于利，这取决于实施自然权利的文化和法律框架。在本文中，我通过对 2006 年至 2020 年间在美国非土著社区通过的自然权利法令的分析，研究了自然权利在这些社区的运作情况。借鉴权利理论，我证明了对普遍化人权框架和反公司化言论的依赖如何将这些法令与更广泛的自然权利运动区分开来，并将人们获得清洁环境的权利而非自然的固有权利置于中心位置。最后，我探讨了自然权利目前在美国非土著社区运作方式的替代方案，并呼吁加强对自然权利法令的意义和影响的研究，以评估这些法令是否实现了其既定目标。

{"title":"Rights for nature or protecting people’s rights?: The operationalization of rights of nature in non-indigenous communities in the United States","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the Rights of Nature movement gains political traction globally, researchers must examine how this transnational movement to extend rights to nature or natural entities is being operationalized in place. Proponents of the rights of nature contend transferring rights to nature constitutes a paradigm shift in human-environment interactions and will lead to solutions directed at the root causes of environmental problems. Critics contend that these rights-based governance structures have the potential to do more harm than good for environmental protection depending on the cultural and legal frameworks within which rights of nature are enacted. In this paper, I examine how rights of nature have been operationalized in non-Indigenous communities in the United States through an analysis of rights of nature ordinances passed in these communities between 2006 and 2020. Drawing on theoretical engagements with rights I demonstrate how the reliance on universalizing human rights frameworks and anti-corporation rhetoric both distinguish these ordinances from the broader rights of nature movement and center the rights of people to have access to a clean environment rather than the intrinsic rights of nature. In conclusion, I explore alternatives to how rights of nature are currently operationalized in non-Indigenous communities in the United States and call for increased research on the implications and impacts of rights of nature ordinances to assess whether they achieve their stated goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inhabiting more-than-human ecologies of Extended urbanization: Unruly leopards amidst urban-wild enmeshment in the Northern Aravalli region 在扩展的城市化进程中栖息着超越人类的生态环境：北阿拉瓦利地区不羁的豹子与城市和野生动物的融合

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104123

As urbanization attains an increasingly planetary reach, transforming agrarian landscapes and commons beyond the city-countryside divide, ‘rewilding’ is gaining increasing popularity as a protective countermovement. This countermovement, comprising of a patchwork of actors, including state-led agencies, philanthropic and citizen-led groups, as well as environmental lawyers, seeks to counter unregulated urbanization and mitigate its impacts by restoring biodiversity and ecological processes in areas designated as “wilderness” or “pristine nature.” However, these legally and culturally constructed boundaries between urban and wilderness frequently diminish and collapse as species like leopards, wolves, and cougars transgress and repurpose these spaces. This paper investigates the enmeshment of urban and wilderness through human-animal interactions, examining how the more-than-human ecology of extended urbanization is produced and inhabited. It explores the different strategies and modalities of rewilding that generate a mosaic of “wilderness” spaces, such as biodiversity parks, urban forests, safari reserves, abandoned quarries, waterfronts, and green corridors, amidst the extended urbanization of nature. The paper also examines the governance of these spaces, focusing on how legal and property boundaries are upheld and how these efforts are captured for further capital accumulation. While grounded in empirical research from the Northern Aravalli Region in India, this paper provides comparative insights into the global challenges of urban-wild enmeshment and the complexities of planning for coexistence in the era of planetary urbanization.

随着城市化在全球范围内的影响越来越大，城市与乡村之间的鸿沟之外的农业景观和公地也在发生变化，"野化 "作为一种保护性的反运动日益受到人们的欢迎。这种反运动由国家主导的机构、慈善团体、公民团体以及环境律师等参与者组成，旨在通过恢复被指定为 "荒野 "或 "原始自然 "的地区的生物多样性和生态过程，抵制无管制的城市化并减轻其影响。然而，这些在法律和文化上构建的城市与荒野之间的界限经常会随着豹、狼和美洲狮等物种的越界和重新利用这些空间而减弱和崩溃。本文通过人类与动物之间的互动来研究城市与荒野之间的关系，探讨如何在扩展的城市化进程中创造和居住这种超越人类的生态环境。论文探讨了野化的不同策略和模式，这些策略和模式在自然的城市化扩展过程中产生了一系列 "荒野 "空间，如生物多样性公园、城市森林、野生动物园、废弃采石场、水岸和绿色走廊。本文还探讨了这些空间的治理问题，重点关注如何维护法律和财产边界，以及如何利用这些努力进一步积累资本。本文以印度北部阿拉瓦利地区的实证研究为基础，通过比较研究，深入探讨了城市与荒野融合所带来的全球性挑战，以及在地球城市化时代规划共存的复杂性。

{"title":"Inhabiting more-than-human ecologies of Extended urbanization: Unruly leopards amidst urban-wild enmeshment in the Northern Aravalli region","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As urbanization attains an increasingly planetary reach, transforming agrarian landscapes and commons beyond the city-countryside divide, ‘rewilding’ is gaining increasing popularity as a protective countermovement. This countermovement, comprising of a patchwork of actors, including state-led agencies, philanthropic and citizen-led groups, as well as environmental lawyers, seeks to counter unregulated urbanization and mitigate its impacts by restoring biodiversity and ecological processes in areas designated as “wilderness” or “pristine nature.” However, these legally and culturally constructed boundaries between urban and wilderness frequently diminish and collapse as species like leopards, wolves, and cougars transgress and repurpose these spaces. This paper investigates the enmeshment of urban and wilderness through human-animal interactions, examining how the more-than-human ecology of extended urbanization is produced and inhabited. It explores the different strategies and modalities of rewilding that generate a mosaic of “wilderness” spaces, such as biodiversity parks, urban forests, safari reserves, abandoned quarries, waterfronts, and green corridors, amidst the extended urbanization of nature. The paper also examines the governance of these spaces, focusing on how legal and property boundaries are upheld and how these efforts are captured for further capital accumulation. While grounded in empirical research from the Northern Aravalli Region in India, this paper provides comparative insights into the global challenges of urban-wild enmeshment and the complexities of planning for coexistence in the era of planetary urbanization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is making alternative? Rethinking development in Germany’s makerspaces 制造是另类吗？重新思考德国创客空间的发展

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104129

This paper explores the ideological backgrounds, normative motivations, and the degrees of alterity among makerspaces in Germany. It does so by connecting the question of alterity to discussions on development, and exploring to what extent and in which ways makerspaces aim to challenge the hegemony of traditional growth-oriented development. The study engages with a broad literature to conceptualize development as a hegemonic discourse and present main lines of thought that aim to challenge it. In parallel, it presents the history and diverse trajectories of makerspaces and the makers’ movement in Germany and beyond, rendering the question of their ideological backgrounds and their level of alterity as open. Empirically, the work engages with the Verbund Offener Werkstätten (Association for Open Workshops) and analyzes the content and language by which makerspaces – members of the association – describe themselves in their digital communication. Finally, the study proposes a new categorization for makerspaces – that can be generalized to other alternative spaces – regarding their level of alterity and degree of reproduction or opposition to the hegemonic views, values, and norms of growth-driven development. Through the engagement of diverse literature and analysis of the aforementioned digital texts, this paper offers important insights regarding: a) makerspaces’ alterity in relation to their typology and geographical location; b) the importance of analyzing the discursive practices of alternative economic and political spaces; and c) the transformative potential of alternative spaces in Germany and beyond.

本文探讨了德国创客空间的意识形态背景、规范动机和改变程度。为此，本文将改变性问题与有关发展的讨论联系起来，探讨创客空间在多大程度上以及以何种方式挑战传统的增长型发展霸权。本研究参考了大量文献，将发展概念化为一种霸权话语，并介绍了旨在挑战这种话语的主要思路。与此同时，它还介绍了德国及其他地区创客空间和创客运动的历史和不同发展轨迹，使其意识形态背景和改变程度成为一个开放性问题。在实证研究方面，该研究与开放工作坊协会（Verbund Offener Werkstätten）合作，分析了创客空间（该协会的成员）在数字通信中描述自己的内容和语言。最后，本研究针对创客空间的改变程度以及对增长驱动发展的霸权观点、价值观和规范的再现或反对程度，提出了一种新的分类方法，并可推广到其他替代空间。通过查阅各种文献和分析上述数字文本，本文就以下方面提出了重要见解：a) 创客空间的改变性与其类型学和地理位置的关系；b) 分析替代性经济和政治空间的话语实践的重要性；c) 德国及其他地区替代性空间的变革潜力。

{"title":"Is making alternative? Rethinking development in Germany’s makerspaces","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the ideological backgrounds, normative motivations, and the degrees of alterity among makerspaces in Germany. It does so by connecting the question of alterity to discussions on development, and exploring to what extent and in which ways makerspaces aim to challenge the hegemony of traditional growth-oriented development. The study engages with a broad literature to conceptualize development as a hegemonic discourse and present main lines of thought that aim to challenge it. In parallel, it presents the history and diverse trajectories of makerspaces and the makers’ movement in Germany and beyond, rendering the question of their ideological backgrounds and their level of alterity as open. Empirically, the work engages with the Verbund Offener Werkstätten (Association for Open Workshops) and analyzes the content and language by which makerspaces – members of the association – describe themselves in their digital communication. Finally, the study proposes a new categorization for makerspaces – that can be generalized to other alternative spaces – regarding their level of alterity and degree of reproduction or opposition to the hegemonic views, values, and norms of growth-driven development. Through the engagement of diverse literature and analysis of the aforementioned digital texts, this paper offers important insights regarding: a) makerspaces’ alterity in relation to their typology and geographical location; b) the importance of analyzing the discursive practices of alternative economic and political spaces; and c) the transformative potential of alternative spaces in Germany and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Re-centering relations: The trouble with quick fix approaches to beaver-based restoration 重新定位关系：以海狸为基础的快速修复方法所带来的麻烦

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104121

This Forum brings together river restoration researchers and practitioners to stimulate debate about the recent explosion of interest in North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and beaver-related practices in North American river restoration science and management. While the beaver is described in recent literature as a low-cost, high-impact ecosystem engineer capable of minimizing the impacts of wildfire, drought, flood, and disturbance across the continent, we consider the importance of shifting from a focus on prescriptive results—on what beaver get humans—and towards engaging with beaver in relational process. Through a set of provocations that highlight the potential damage beaver fixes pose for stream restoration, for beaver, and for the lands and waters they inhabit with humans and other beings, we invite settler river scientists, river restorationists, and river thinkers to question the increasingly taken-for-granted logic of beaver as isolated creature, ecosystem engineer, and river savior; defer to the millennia of theory about beaver and their relations on this continent, partnering with beaver and with the Native peoples who have known them longest; and reconnect beaver back to people, place, and time in support of lively, dynamic, diverse, flourishing river systems across the continent.

本论坛汇集了河流恢复研究人员和实践者，就近期北美河狸（Castor canadensis）以及北美河流恢复科学与管理中与河狸相关的实践引起的广泛关注展开讨论。在最近的文献中，海狸被描述为一种低成本、高效益的生态系统工程师，能够最大限度地减少野火、干旱、洪水和干扰对整个大陆的影响。通过一系列挑衅，我们强调了海狸修复对河流恢复、对海狸、对它们与人类和其他生物共同居住的土地和水域可能造成的破坏，我们邀请定居河流科学家、河流恢复专家和河流思想家质疑海狸作为孤立的生物、生态系统工程师和河流救世主这一越来越理所当然的逻辑；尊重千百年来关于海狸及其与这片大陆关系的理论，与海狸以及认识海狸最久的原住民合作；将海狸与人、地点和时间重新联系起来，支持整个大陆生机勃勃、充满活力、多种多样、欣欣向荣的河流系统。

{"title":"Re-centering relations: The trouble with quick fix approaches to beaver-based restoration","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This Forum brings together river restoration researchers and practitioners to stimulate debate about the recent explosion of interest in North American beaver (<em>Castor canadensis</em>) and beaver-related practices in North American river restoration science and management. While the beaver is described in recent literature as a low-cost, high-impact ecosystem engineer capable of minimizing the impacts of wildfire, drought, flood, and disturbance across the continent, we consider the importance of shifting from a focus on prescriptive results—on what beaver get humans—and towards engaging with beaver in relational process. Through a set of provocations that highlight the potential damage beaver fixes pose for stream restoration, for beaver, and for the lands and waters they inhabit with humans and other beings, we invite settler river scientists, river restorationists, and river thinkers to question the increasingly taken-for-granted logic of beaver as isolated creature, ecosystem engineer, and river savior; defer to the millennia of theory about beaver and their relations on this continent, partnering with beaver and with the Native peoples who have known them longest; and reconnect beaver back to people, place, and time in support of lively, dynamic, diverse, flourishing river systems across the continent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0