IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104166

Ana Watson , Conny Davidsen

Past research has confirmed how ‘green’ extractive projects can reproduce exclusion and displacement overall, but constructions of otherness and remoteness that emerge in such green illusions of extractivism and their resistance remains little understood. Peru’s Camisea liquid natural gas (LNG) extraction in the Peruvian Amazon has been framed as an environmentally friendly flagship project because of its enclave or roadless design that enables a smaller environmental footprint. Drawing on a political ecology analysis of subject formation and co-production of remoteness, this paper analyzes the agendas and effects of constructed “remoteness” in its resource extraction as a strategy to design, legitimize, and enforce territorial control. This analytical lens moves away from strict binaries of the powerful and the powerless towards a continuum of power in the resistance of extraction. We found that the notion of ‘remoteness’ is a central rhetorical strategy that paradoxically enables and limits corporate expansion, neoliberal agendas and Indigenous tactics to negotiate access to benefits. This study contributes to and works toward a more diversified power knowledge base on the ways in which environmental claims in extractivism are assessed.

过去的研究已经证实了“绿色”采掘项目是如何在整体上再现排斥和流离失所的，但是在这种采掘主义的绿色幻想中出现的他者性和距离性的构建及其抵抗仍然很少被理解。秘鲁亚马逊地区的Camisea液化天然气（LNG）开采项目被认为是一个环保的旗舰项目，因为它的飞地或无路设计使环境足迹更小。通过对主体形成和异地共同生产的政治生态学分析，本文分析了构建的“异地”在其资源开采中的议程和效果，作为一种设计、合法化和实施领土控制的策略。这种分析的镜头从强大和无能的严格二元对立转向了抵抗抽取的连续权力。我们发现，“偏远”的概念是一种核心修辞策略，它矛盾地促进和限制了企业扩张、新自由主义议程和土著策略，以谈判获得利益。本研究有助于并致力于建立一个更多样化的权力知识库，以评估采掘活动中环境索赔的方式。

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引用次数: 0

Strategic silences for normative work: Inclusions and exclusions of migrant labour in policy foregrounding of the Swedish gig economy 规范性工作的战略沉默：瑞典零工经济政策前景中对移民劳工的包容和排斥

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104157

Natasha A. Webster , Qian Zhang

Migrants constitute a sizable portion of vulnerable workers in digitally-mediated work, particularly in the gig economy. They face wide-scale labour exploitation as well as exclusions and further marginalization from existing labour markets and welfare systems. Policy intervention is a focal point of debate in the expanding gig economy literature. In Nordic countries, it is often assumed the welfare state will regulate the gig economy, but due to ambiguous understandings of what the gig economy is, debates are focused on topics such as taxation, often downplaying complexities. This study aims to explore how strategic silences towards migration underpin policy narratives relating to the foregrounding of gig economy in welfare contexts, specifically Sweden. Our approach highlights silence as an agentic and strategic process. Based on twenty-three selected Swedish Government Official Reports (SOU series) issued between 2016 and 2022, we first mapped the main themes regarding the gig economy in the Swedish policy arena. We show the Swedish state is shifting to recognize migrants and the gig/platform economy, but the role of structural inequalities remains ambiguous. We further critically analyzed contents of ten reports and show silence is strategic in two ways: first maintaining normative work forms as the key interest of the state and second, positioning precarious migrant labour as a sphere of exclusion. This study provides new perspectives and insights into the governance of the gig economy by highlighting the role of strategic production of silences regarding structural inequalities and the tensions within welfare-labour relations.

移民在数字媒介工作的弱势工人中占相当大的比例，尤其是在零工经济中。他们面临着大规模的劳动剥削，在现有的劳动力市场和福利制度中被排斥和进一步边缘化。政策干预是不断扩大的零工经济文献中争论的焦点。在北欧国家，人们通常认为福利国家将监管零工经济，但由于对零工经济的理解含糊不清，辩论集中在税收等主题上，往往淡化了复杂性。本研究旨在探讨在福利背景下，特别是瑞典，对移民的战略沉默如何支撑与零工经济前景相关的政策叙述。我们的方法强调沉默是一种代理和战略过程。基于2016年至2022年间发布的23份精选瑞典政府官方报告（SOU系列），我们首先绘制了瑞典政策领域有关零工经济的主要主题。我们表明，瑞典政府正在转向承认移民和零工/平台经济，但结构性不平等的作用仍然模糊不清。我们进一步批判性地分析了十份报告的内容，并表明沉默在两个方面具有战略意义：首先，保持规范的工作形式作为国家的关键利益，其次，将不稳定的农民工定位为排斥的领域。本研究通过强调战略性生产对结构性不平等和福利-劳动关系紧张的沉默的作用，为零工经济的治理提供了新的视角和见解。

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引用次数: 0

Seeing economic development like a large language model. A methodological approach to the exploration of geographical imaginaries in generative AI 把经济发展看成是一个大的语言模型。一种探索生成人工智能中地理想象的方法论方法

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104175

Boris Michel, Yannick Ecker

The recent hype surrounding the disruptive potential of AI technologies in the form of large language models or text to image generators also raises questions for geographical research and practice. These questions include the power relations and inequalities inscribed in these systems, their significance for work and labor relations, their ecological and economic impact, but also the geographical and spatial imaginaries they reproduce. This article focuses on the latter and formulates a series of theoretical and methodological considerations for dealing with the output of these systems. As we assume that outputs generated by large language models will play an increasing role in the future, both in public and media discourses as well as in the discourses and practices of spatial planning and economic policy making, we consider it important to gain a critical understanding of these socio-technical systems. The empirical object of investigation of this paper is generated output that deals with questions of regional development and economic challenges in three European regions that are currently particularly affected by the transition to a climate-neutral economy and are designated by the European Union as Just Transition Fund Territories. We are particularly interested in how geographical imaginaries about these regions are formulated, how economic and social problems of these regions are presented and how this is translated into planning advice and development plans.

最近围绕人工智能技术以大型语言模型或文本到图像生成器的形式具有颠覆性潜力的炒作也为地理研究和实践提出了问题。这些问题包括这些系统中铭刻的权力关系和不平等，它们对工作和劳资关系的意义，它们的生态和经济影响，以及它们所再现的地理和空间想象。本文的重点是后者，并为处理这些系统的输出制定了一系列理论和方法上的考虑。由于我们假设大型语言模型产生的输出将在未来发挥越来越大的作用，无论是在公共和媒体话语中，还是在空间规划和经济政策制定的话语和实践中，我们认为对这些社会技术系统有一个批判性的理解是很重要的。本文的实证研究对象是产生的产出，涉及三个欧洲地区的区域发展和经济挑战问题，这些地区目前特别受向气候中性经济过渡的影响，并被欧盟指定为公正过渡基金领土。我们特别感兴趣的是这些地区的地理想象是如何形成的，这些地区的经济和社会问题是如何呈现的，以及如何将其转化为规划建议和发展计划。

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引用次数: 0

‘Never turn your back on the Ocean’: Conversations with Fear on Yuin Sea Country 永远不要背对海洋在汤阴海之国与恐惧对话

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104165

Alexis Farr , Maria de Lourdes Melo Zurita

This article discusses fear as a geographical concept that can contribute to contemporary debates about human relationships with oceans. Fear is an emotional response and state of being which permeates the mind and alters the body. In relationship with the material liveliness of an ocean, fear can feel alert, anxious, and uncomfortable, charged with anger, or coupled with shame. Fear with the ocean can also feel refreshing, bring into contrast experiences of thrill, play, and wonder, and inspire deep respect for Country. This research examines fear in conversation with ocean-people living on Yuin Gadu (Sea Country), Australia. Embracing a ‘wet ontology’ (Steinberg and Peters, 2015) we analyse fears that are embodied in ocean geographies and evolve in liquid ways, across place and time. The paper is framed with feminist understandings of the body, as it examines bodies in transformation, more-than-human assemblages, and the strategies used by ocean-people to navigate and negotiate with fear.

本文讨论了恐惧这一地理概念，它有助于当代关于人类与海洋关系的辩论。恐惧是一种情绪反应和存在状态，它渗透心灵并改变身体。在与海洋的物质活力发生关系时，恐惧会让人感到警觉、焦虑和不舒服，充满愤怒，或伴随着羞耻。恐惧与海洋的关系也会让人感觉神清气爽，带来刺激、游戏和惊奇的体验，激发对国家的深深敬意。本研究通过与生活在澳大利亚汤因加杜（海之国）的海洋人对话，探讨了恐惧问题。通过 "湿本体论"（Steinberg and Peters, 2015），我们分析了体现在海洋地理环境中的恐惧，这些恐惧在不同地点和时间以不同的方式演变。本文以女性主义对身体的理解为框架，探讨了转变中的身体、超人类的组合，以及海洋人用于驾驭和协商恐惧的策略。

引用次数: 0

Seeing rivers otherwise: Critical cartography as a form of critical pedagogy 以另一种方式看待河流：作为批判性教学法一种形式的批判性制图学

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104167

Daniele Tubino de Souza , Karolien van Teijlingen , Rutgerd Boelens , Gabriela Ruales

Counter-maps have become an increasingly important practice for social movements to claim their rights and to articulate emancipatory actions against extractive intervention plans and dominant territorial reconfiguration projects, especially in the contested field of water governance. Yet the emancipatory nature of these counter-maps should not be taken for granted: much depends on the way in which power relations and different knowledges are negotiated in the critical process of map-making. In this article we therefore investigate how counter cartography, and in particular counter-mapping processes by water justice movements, may benefit from insights from the field and praxis of critical pedagogy. We argue that there is great potential to be unlocked in exploring critical cartography from that perspective. Rather than dissecting the outcomes produced by a critical cartographic practice, we turn our attention to unveiling the transformative and actionable potential that can be found in the mapping process itself. We explore this topic within the context of the grassroots movements that have water as one of their central issues given its relevance and potential for the promotion of more just and sustainable river practices. To this end, we analyse two social arenas in Ecuador where local collectives are engaged in river struggles: the Amazonian Napo province and the Andean district of Licto, Chimborazo province.

反制地图已成为社会运动日益重要的实践，以主张自己的权利，并针对采掘干预计划和占主导地位的领土重构项目阐明解放行动，特别是在有争议的水资源治理领域。然而，这些反地图的解放性质不应被视为理所当然：这在很大程度上取决于权力关系和不同知识在地图绘制的批判过程中的协商方式。因此，我们在本文中探讨了反地图绘制，尤其是水正义运动的反地图绘制过程，如何从批判教育学的领域和实践中获益。我们认为，从这一角度探索批判性制图学可以挖掘出巨大的潜力。我们并不剖析批判性制图实践所产生的结果，而是将注意力转向揭示制图过程本身所具有的变革性和可操作性潜力。鉴于水与促进更加公正和可持续的河流实践的相关性和潜力，我们将在以水为核心问题之一的基层运动的背景下探讨这一主题。为此，我们分析了厄瓜多尔当地集体参与河流斗争的两个社会领域：亚马逊河流域的纳波省和安第斯山脉的钦博拉索省利克托地区。

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引用次数: 0

The Technopolitics of Hydrogen: Arab Gulf States’ Pursuit of Significance in a Climate-Constrained World 氢的技术政治学：阿拉伯海湾国家在气候受限的世界中追求意义

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104168

Tobias Zumbraegel

Despite uncertainties surrounding the hydrogen economy’s emergence in terms of technological innovation, production, storage and transport, policy and regulation, economic viability, and environmental impact, countries worldwide actively pursue initiatives to engage in this critical energy transition. Politicians, analysts, and global experts see ‘clean’ hydrogen as the ultimate solution for addressing the climate crisis. This optimism is shared by several major oil and gas-exporting nations, which are investing heavily in hydrogen infrastructure to establish themselves as future global hubs. Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are especially well-positioned, benefiting from strategic advantages over other hydrogen-producing regions in the Global South. Advocates in these countries view hydrogen as a potential ‘silver bullet’ for sustaining political and economic influence in a world increasingly shaped by climate constraints. Western technology and expertise play a significant role in supporting these efforts. By using various qualitative methods, this paper employs and expand the concept of technopolitics to evaluate the role of industrialized nations in endorsing the Gulf states’ authoritarian, top-down, techno-optimistic approach to their sustainability agenda.

尽管氢经济的出现在技术创新、生产、储存和运输、政策法规、经济可行性和环境影响等方面还存在不确定性，但世界各国都在积极寻求参与这一关键能源转型的举措。政治家、分析家和全球专家将 "清洁 "氢视为解决气候危机的最终方案。几个主要的石油和天然气出口国也持同样乐观的态度，它们正在大力投资氢能基础设施，以将自己打造成未来的全球枢纽。阿曼、沙特阿拉伯和阿拉伯联合酋长国（UAE）尤其处于有利地位，与全球南部的其他产氢地区相比具有战略优势。这些国家的倡导者将氢视为在气候限制日益加剧的世界中保持政治和经济影响力的潜在 "银弹"。西方的技术和专业知识在支持这些努力方面发挥着重要作用。通过使用各种定性方法，本文采用并扩展了技术政治学的概念，以评估工业化国家在支持海湾国家独裁、自上而下、技术乐观主义的可持续发展议程方面所扮演的角色。

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引用次数: 0

Culling optimism: Circulating neoliberal affects in entrepreneurial animal disease policy 消灭乐观主义：企业动物疾病政策中循环往复的新自由主义影响

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104145

Charlotte-Anne Chivers , Damian Maye , Gareth Enticott

Using Berlant’s concept of cruel optimism, this paper explores how animal disease eradication can represent an unimaginable fantasy, the pursuit of which is an obstacle to farmers’ emotional and financial prosperity. The paper shows how atmospheres of optimism surrounding disease eradication are constructed and linked to policy mobilities. These apparent trans-national circulations of neoliberal logics of ‘ownership’ provide policy legitimacy at times of crisis, but also disguise the emotional experiences of neoliberal policy lives and serve political interests by marginalising alternatives to the allure of eradication. The paper bases these arguments within an analysis of the development of animal disease policy in England since 1997, and recent interviews and workshops exploring future policy options for disease control with farmers and other stakeholders. Following the development of bovine Tuberculosis policy, the paper shows how the transnational mobility of neoliberal policies promoting farmer ownership were used to legitimise farmer- owned culling companies to control infected wildlife. In describing how these policies unravelled through emotional burnout and disillusion amongst farmers, the paper describes the difficulties of detachment from a relation of cruel optimism, either marked by tragedy and trauma, or an incompleteness defined as ‘attached detachment’. In conclusion, the paper calls for further attention to other rural and agricultural fantasies to shed further light on the inequities of neoliberal life and need for just transitions.

本文利用贝兰特的 "残酷的乐观主义 "概念，探讨了根除动物疾病如何成为一种难以想象的幻想，而追求这种幻想又如何成为农民情感和经济繁荣的障碍。本文展示了围绕根除疾病的乐观主义氛围是如何构建并与政策流动联系在一起的。新自由主义'所有权'逻辑的这些明显的跨国流动在危机时期提供了政策合法性，但也掩盖了新自由主义政策生活的情感体验，并通过边缘化根除诱惑的替代方案为政治利益服务。本文在分析英国自 1997 年以来动物疾病政策发展的基础上提出了这些论点，并在最近与农民和其他利益相关者进行的访谈和研讨会上探讨了疾病控制的未来政策选择。根据牛结核病政策的发展，论文展示了促进农民所有权的新自由主义政策的跨国流动性如何被用于使农民拥有的捕杀公司控制受感染的野生动物合法化。在描述这些政策如何通过农民的情感倦怠和幻灭而瓦解时，论文描述了从残酷的乐观主义关系中脱离出来的困难，这种关系要么以悲剧和创伤为标志，要么以被定义为 "附着性脱离 "的不完整性为标志。最后，本文呼吁进一步关注其他农村和农业幻想，以进一步揭示新自由主义生活的不平等和公正过渡的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Postneoliberal resilience: Interrogating the value of the resilience multiple in the post-Covid-19 conjunctural crisis 后新自由主义的复原力：拷问 "科维德-19 "事件后危机中复原力多重性的价值

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104162

Chris Zebrowski

The COVID-19 response has revived scholarship on the end of neoliberalism. And yet resilience, long associated with neoliberalism by critical scholars, has persisted as a norm orienting state action. This article explores how resilience ideas are being adopted and adapted within a period of postneoliberalism. Employing a conjunctural approach, this article details how resilience ideas are being reinscribed within an emergent set of critiques, rationalities, and reforms in the wake of Covid-19. Analysis centres on how resilience is invoked both as a paradigm, through which problems of pandemic preparedness are being framed and as a core idea, for building back better within Covid-19 recovery plans. Rather than being overdetermined by neoliberalism, this article examines how resilience ideas are being drawn upon to support projects that aim to depart from or oppose neoliberal logics of governance. This affirmational approach, I argue, departs from a critique of resilience based on rejection, and instead operates by affirming the value of resilience and repeating it differently. Here, the multiplicity, mutability and, indeed, resilience of resilience ideas enables the concept to not only support distinct political programmes, but to consolidate disparate ideas, policies and institutions into new political configurations and state forms. I argue that that the remarkable persistence of the value of resilience has been achieved by the ability of resilience ideas to support emergent assemblages of diverse political ideas, programmes, and institutions in a time of postneoliberal conjunctural crisis.

COVID-19 的应对措施重振了关于新自由主义终结的学术研究。然而，批判性学者长期以来将复原力与新自由主义联系在一起，并一直将其作为指导国家行动的准则。本文探讨了在后新自由主义时期，复原力理念是如何被采纳和调整的。本文采用一种共时方法，详细阐述了在科维德-19 之后，抗灾理念是如何在一系列新出现的批判、合理性和改革中被重新诠释的。分析的重点是抗灾能力是如何作为一种范式和一种核心理念被引用的，前者是大流行病防备问题的框架，后者是在 Covid-19 灾难恢复计划中重建得更好。本文探讨了抗灾理念如何被用来支持旨在偏离或反对新自由主义治理逻辑的项目，而不是被新自由主义过度决定。我认为，这种肯定的方法不同于基于拒绝的复原力批判，而是通过肯定复原力的价值并以不同的方式重复它。在这里，复原力理念的多重性、可变性以及复原力，使其不仅能够支持不同的政治方案，而且能够将不同的理念、政策和制度整合为新的政治格局和国家形式。我认为，在后新自由主义共时危机时期，复原力理念能够支持各种政治理念、计划和机构的新组合，从而实现了复原力价值的显著持久性。

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引用次数: 0

Mapping the spatial and temporal patterns of housing instability in Malmö 绘制马尔默市住房不稳定的时空模式图

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104161

Karina Raña Villacura

Housing instability is closely related to housing precarity and inequality. Households experiencing housing instability change residences frequently, facing difficulties in staying put, which has been proven detrimental for families. This study explores the geographical outcomes of housing instability showing how this phenomenon distributes in Malmö, Sweden, creating different spatial and temporal patterns. The paper relies on registered-based data aggregated to geographical coordinates to identify places of transience and uses k-nearest neighbour for measuring the intensity of unstable moves in spatial terms. Furthermore, the mapping of housing instability across four distinct time frames spanning from 1990 to 2020 illustrates the temporal unfolding of these patterns. The findings indicate a progression of housing instability spreading from specific spatial points to a more widespread dispersion of transience. This suggests an overall change in the city which may be linked to transformations in housing politics and policies.

住房不稳定与住房不稳定和不平等密切相关。住房不稳定的家庭频繁更换住所，难以安居乐业，这已被证明对家庭不利。本研究探讨了住房不稳定性的地理结果，显示了这一现象在瑞典马尔默的分布情况，并形成了不同的空间和时间模式。本文依赖于基于登记的数据，将其汇总到地理坐标中，以确定临时居住地，并使用 K-近邻法测量空间上不稳定搬迁的强度。此外，从 1990 年到 2020 年的四个不同时间段内的住房不稳定性图谱说明了这些模式在时间上的发展。研究结果表明，住房的不稳定性正在从特定的空间点向更广泛的流动性扩散。这表明城市的整体变化可能与住房政治和政策的转变有关。

引用次数: 0

Of ships and soundboxes: Contrapuntal explorations of hydrocoloniality and the materiality of music 船与音箱：关于水殖民地和音乐物质性的协奏曲探索

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Geoforum

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104156

Diego Astorga de Ita

In this paper I explore the relation between music, (enviro)materiality, and coloniality by examining son Jarocho, the music of the Mexican region of Sotavento in southeast Mexico. This essay brings together geography, blue humanities, and ecomusicology, using notions of hydropoetics and hydrocolonialism, building upon the material turn in music geographies. I approach the phenomenological confluence of Sotaventine cedar chordophones and ships using and critiquing Foucauldian theoretics, alongside Hofmeyr’s hydrocolonialism and Gilroy’s circumpelagic theories. I survey the regional histories of luthiery, shipyards and timber trade and their connections, counterpointing these histories with the poetics of son Jarocho and with materials gathered through interviews and music-making alongside musicians and luthiers in Sotavento. From this I propose that musical aesthetics emerge from navigations that are topophilic and imperial. I counterpoint the Sotaventine case with the history of violins and their link to pau-brasil exploitation in Brazil, following ecomusicological works. Surveying histories of cedar and pau-brasil I argue that exploitation and exploration are a univocal aspect of the hydrocolonial project that entangles the biological, geographical, military, and mercantile into the endeavour of the exploração and that this informs musical materialities, poetics, and aesthetics to this day. Lastly, I briefly consider the implications of the hydrocolonial history of musical matters in the context of the Anthropocene. Una versión en español de este texto está disponible en los materiales suplementarios.

在本文中，我通过研究墨西哥东南部索塔文托地区的音乐--son Jarocho，探讨了音乐、（环境）物质性和殖民性之间的关系。本文以音乐地理学的物质转向为基础，运用水生态学和水殖民主义的概念，将地理学、蓝色人文学科和电子音乐学结合在一起。我利用福柯尔德的理论，结合霍夫迈尔的水殖民主义和吉尔罗伊的环太平洋理论，对索塔文廷雪松弦乐器和船只的现象学汇合进行了研究和批判。我调查了该地区的制琴行、造船厂和木材贸易的历史及其联系，将这些历史与 SON JAROCHO 的诗学以及通过与索塔文托的音乐家和制琴师的访谈和音乐创作收集到的材料对立起来。由此，我提出，音乐美学产生于对地形和帝国的探索。我将索塔文托的情况与小提琴的历史及其与巴西杉木开采的联系对立起来，并遵循生态音乐学著作。通过回顾西洋杉和巴西杉的历史，我认为开采和勘探是水殖民计划的一个统一方面，它将生物、地理、军事和商业与探索活动联系在一起，并影响了音乐的物质性、诗学和美学至今。最后，我简要探讨了水殖民历史对人类世音乐的影响。本文的西班牙文版本可在补充材料中查阅。

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引用次数: 0

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