Kinetic studies by batch technique were carried out using activated carbon prepared from mango seed shell for the adsorption of colour and phenol from wastewater. The data generated from the studies were used for kinetic modelling in order to determine the rate and mechanism of adsorption. The results revealed that adsorption was best fitted by the pseudo-second order model for both methylene blue (MB) and phenol adsorptions. Intra-particle diffusion kinetic plots did not pass through the origin, indicating that intra-particle diffusion was not the only rate controlling mechanism. The results showed that mango seed shell activated carbon (MSSAC) is more effective for adsorption of colour than phenol in wastewater.
{"title":"Kinetic Studies of Colour and Phenol Removal from Wastewater using Mango Seed Shell Activated Carbon","authors":"G. Akpen, I. Nwaogazie, T. Leton","doi":"10.4314/GJER.V11I1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJER.V11I1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Kinetic studies by batch technique were carried out using activated carbon prepared from mango seed shell for the adsorption of colour and phenol from wastewater. The data generated from the studies were used for kinetic modelling in order to determine the rate and mechanism of adsorption. The results revealed that adsorption was best fitted by the pseudo-second order model for both methylene blue (MB) and phenol adsorptions. Intra-particle diffusion kinetic plots did not pass through the origin, indicating that intra-particle diffusion was not the only rate controlling mechanism. The results showed that mango seed shell activated carbon (MSSAC) is more effective for adsorption of colour than phenol in wastewater.","PeriodicalId":12520,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Research In Engineering","volume":"548 1","pages":"35-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77475479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Experiments to measure the condensation heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop in brazed plate heat exchangers (BPHEs) were performed with the refrigerants R410A and R22. Brazed plate heat exchangers with different chevron angles of 45°, 35°, and 20° were used. Varying the mass flux, the condensation temperature, and the vapor quality of the refrigerant, we measured the condensation heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drops. Both the heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop increased proportionally with the mass flux and the vapor quality and inversely with the condensation temperature and the chevron angle. Correlations of the Nusselt number and the friction factor with the geometric parameters are suggested for the tested BPHEs.
{"title":"The Characteristics of Brazed Plate Heat Exchangers with Different Chevron Angles","authors":"M. Subbiah","doi":"10.5772/32888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/32888","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments to measure the condensation heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop in brazed plate heat exchangers (BPHEs) were performed with the refrigerants R410A and R22. Brazed plate heat exchangers with different chevron angles of 45°, 35°, and 20° were used. Varying the mass flux, the condensation temperature, and the vapor quality of the refrigerant, we measured the condensation heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drops. Both the heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop increased proportionally with the mass flux and the vapor quality and inversely with the condensation temperature and the chevron angle. Correlations of the Nusselt number and the friction factor with the geometric parameters are suggested for the tested BPHEs.","PeriodicalId":12520,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Research In Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86994507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-29DOI: 10.2174/1874155x01105010043
F. Liu, B. He, B. Bi
Circle, line and circular arc are the common basic graphic elements in industrial computed tomography (ICT) image. The algorithm of recognizing such elements is the key to industrial CT image precise vectorization. An industrial CT image vectorization system has been studied, including different recognition methods for these elements. Firstly, based on facet model, the sub-pixel edge of an industrial CT image is extracted. Then, the circles are recognized by an improved algorithm based on probability of existence map, while the lines are recognized with the set intersection algorithm of fitting a straight line, and the circular arcs are recognized by the combination of the perpendicular bisector tracing algorithm and least squares function. Finally, the graphic element parameters are measured according to recognition results, and the drawing exchange file (DXF) is produced and transmitted into the computer aided design (CAD) system to be edited and consummated. The experimental results show that these methods are capable of recognizing graphic elements in industrial CT image with an excellent accuracy, besides, the absolute errors of circles are less than 0.1 mm, and the relative errors are less than 0.5%. It can satisfy the industrial CT vectorization requirements of higher precision, rapid speed and non-contact.
{"title":"Study on Algorithms of Graphic Element Recognition for Precise Vectorization of Industrial Computed Tomographic Image","authors":"F. Liu, B. He, B. Bi","doi":"10.2174/1874155x01105010043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01105010043","url":null,"abstract":"Circle, line and circular arc are the common basic graphic elements in industrial computed tomography (ICT) image. The algorithm of recognizing such elements is the key to industrial CT image precise vectorization. An industrial CT image vectorization system has been studied, including different recognition methods for these elements. Firstly, based on facet model, the sub-pixel edge of an industrial CT image is extracted. Then, the circles are recognized by an improved algorithm based on probability of existence map, while the lines are recognized with the set intersection algorithm of fitting a straight line, and the circular arcs are recognized by the combination of the perpendicular bisector tracing algorithm and least squares function. Finally, the graphic element parameters are measured according to recognition results, and the drawing exchange file (DXF) is produced and transmitted into the computer aided design (CAD) system to be edited and consummated. The experimental results show that these methods are capable of recognizing graphic elements in industrial CT image with an excellent accuracy, besides, the absolute errors of circles are less than 0.1 mm, and the relative errors are less than 0.5%. It can satisfy the industrial CT vectorization requirements of higher precision, rapid speed and non-contact.","PeriodicalId":12520,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Research In Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78600863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A cam swing roller-follower mechanism is designed for the beat-up motion of a horizontal narrow loom. The system consists of a radial plate-cam driven by a camshaft keyed to the plate cam. A slay bar which act as the beater is attached to the radial swing roller-follower and assembled on the plate cam. A continuous contact between the roller follower and the plate-cam is maintained by a spring attached to the follower and fixed to a reference frame to prevent mechanism bounce. The conceptual design for the mechanism is based on the fundamental generalized synthesis procedure. The topology of the kinematics is developed by using the graph theory method of kinematic synthesis. The forces required to drive the plate-cam and follower system were modeled and the components such as the plate-cam, camshaft, the follower and the drive mechanism were synthesized for smooth operation of the mechanism. Analysis of the force requirement show that maximum impact required to beat the weft into the yarn during weaving is achieved at the maximum plate-cam displacement. The acceleration of the cam plate is controlled in the model at the start and end of motion as boundary conditions to specify some degree of stability for the system.
{"title":"Determination of Dispersion Parameters in Otamiri River, Owerri","authors":"Diala Uchenna, I. Nwaogazie","doi":"10.4314/GJER.V10I1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJER.V10I1-2","url":null,"abstract":"A cam swing roller-follower mechanism is designed for the beat-up motion of a horizontal narrow loom. The system consists of a radial plate-cam driven by a camshaft keyed to the plate cam. A slay bar which act as the beater is attached to the radial swing roller-follower and assembled on the plate cam. A continuous contact between the roller follower and the plate-cam is maintained by a spring attached to the follower and fixed to a reference frame to prevent mechanism bounce. The conceptual design for the mechanism is based on the fundamental generalized synthesis procedure. The topology of the kinematics is developed by using the graph theory method of kinematic synthesis. The forces required to drive the plate-cam and follower system were modeled and the components such as the plate-cam, camshaft, the follower and the drive mechanism were synthesized for smooth operation of the mechanism. Analysis of the force requirement show that maximum impact required to beat the weft into the yarn during weaving is achieved at the maximum plate-cam displacement. The acceleration of the cam plate is controlled in the model at the start and end of motion as boundary conditions to specify some degree of stability for the system.","PeriodicalId":12520,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Research In Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81721386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The most commonly used biological treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater is the Activated Sludge Process. The design of activated process is usually done manually; this is often difficult and susceptible to errors due to the large number of equations involved (which call for approximations and round off errors). Also, the determination of the effects of changes in design parameters are very difficult and time-consuming for manual computations. This paper therefore employs the Visual Basic 6.0 programming for design and simulation of completely mixed activated sludge (CMAS) process. Algorithm and flow chart based on kinetic model were used for developing the Visual Basic code, ASPSIM. The code was tested using a design problem from standard text book. Results obtained proves that the Visual BASIC 6.0 program ASP-SIM is a useful tool for predicting the effect of temperature on design and operation of completely mixed activated plant design and operation.
{"title":"Activated sludge process simulator ASP-Sim, Part-2: Bod removal, nitrification, do, and sequencing batch reactor","authors":"A. Adamu, I. Nwaogazie","doi":"10.4314/GJER.V8I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJER.V8I1","url":null,"abstract":"The most commonly used biological treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater is the Activated Sludge Process. The design of activated process is usually done manually; this is often difficult and susceptible to errors due to the large number of equations involved (which call for approximations and round off errors). Also, the determination of the effects of changes in design parameters are very difficult and time-consuming for manual computations. This paper therefore employs the Visual Basic 6.0 programming for design and simulation of completely mixed activated sludge (CMAS) process. Algorithm and flow chart based on kinetic model were used for developing the Visual Basic code, ASPSIM. The code was tested using a design problem from standard text book. Results obtained proves that the Visual BASIC 6.0 program ASP-SIM is a useful tool for predicting the effect of temperature on design and operation of completely mixed activated plant design and operation.","PeriodicalId":12520,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Research In Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"11-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87117165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Igumale shale and its inclusion were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with its accessory, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) system. The samples were also subjected to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) while subsidiary chemical analyses were made for allophane test. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) tests were conducted on the samples to complement the findings of the electron microscopy. The shale was found to have a general open structure with a crinkled lettuce effect, which suggests the appearance of montmorillonitic or mixed-layer clay. The inclusion was identified to be gypsum. It is concluded that the underlying shale was responsible for cracks on the floors and walls of buildings in the study area. The results also explain the very considerable broadening of peak in the X-ray diffraction pattern. Keywords : Microscopy, X-ray, Shale, Analysis, Diffraction. Global Journal of Engineering Research Vol. 7 (1) 2008: pp. 29-36
利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及其附件能量色散x射线(EDX)系统对Igumale页岩及其包裹体进行了分析。样品还进行了透射电子显微镜(TEM)，并进行了辅助化学分析。对样品进行了x射线衍射(XRD)和x射线荧光(XRF)测试，以补充电子显微镜的发现。发现页岩总体呈开放式结构，具有褶皱生菜效应，表明其为蒙脱石或混合层粘土。包体经鉴定为石膏。认为下伏页岩是造成研究区建筑物楼板和墙体裂缝的主要原因。这一结果也解释了x射线衍射图中峰的相当大的展宽。关键词:显微镜，x射线，页岩，分析，衍射。工程学报，Vol. 7 (1)， 2008: pp. 29-36
{"title":"Electron Microscopy Of “Igumale” Shale","authors":"I. Agbede, P. Smart","doi":"10.4314/GJER.V7I1.18976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJER.V7I1.18976","url":null,"abstract":"Igumale shale and its inclusion were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with its accessory, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) system. The samples were also subjected to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) while subsidiary chemical analyses were made for allophane test. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) tests were conducted on the samples to complement the findings of the electron microscopy. The shale was found to have a general open structure with a crinkled lettuce effect, which suggests the appearance of montmorillonitic or mixed-layer clay. The inclusion was identified to be gypsum. It is concluded that the underlying shale was responsible for cracks on the floors and walls of buildings in the study area. The results also explain the very considerable broadening of peak in the X-ray diffraction pattern. Keywords : Microscopy, X-ray, Shale, Analysis, Diffraction. Global Journal of Engineering Research Vol. 7 (1) 2008: pp. 29-36","PeriodicalId":12520,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Research In Engineering","volume":"284 1","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76853128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agricultural Mechanization is not only important for accelerating agricultural development but also for improving farmers' efficiency. Over the years, there has been an increasing demand for tractor use due to general awareness of agricultural mechanization in Nigeria. The use of farm machineries including tractors in farming has great potentials in alleviating rural poverty. This study was prompted by a desire to find out the extent to which farmers in Central Cross River State are efficiently using tractors for agricultural mechanization. A sample of 120 farm families was randomly selected from Central Cross River State using stratified random sampling technique. Interview of the 120 farm families was done using structured and semi-structured questionnaires. Data obtained from respondents were analyzed using simple percentages and bar chart. This shows that 9 tractors were available in the study area of which 89% of them are owned by the Local Government Council and 7% are owned by individual farmers. 73% of the respondents have general awareness of Agricultural Mechanization. Whereas only 21% of them revealed that tractors are used in Local Government Farms. While 40% of the respondents stated that tractors are hired to farmers. On the otherhand, 63% of the respondents emphasized that tractors are not used in their during cultivation. In general, a total of 20% of the respondents stated that the available tractors are not functional. The research suggests among others more tractors should be purchased by government, cooperate groups and individuals. Moreover, tractors should be hired to farmers at very low cost and as well as improve maintenance and provision of spare parts with the training of more operators and technicians. Finally, agricultural mechanization in Central Cross River State would be enhanced if more awareness is created couple with the provision of soft loans directly to farmers. Keywords : Tractor, Effective Utilization, Agricultural Mechanization. Global Journal of Engineering Research Vol. 7 (1) 2008: pp. 37-42
农业机械化不仅对加快农业发展，而且对提高农民生产效益具有重要意义。多年来，由于尼日利亚对农业机械化的普遍认识，对拖拉机的使用需求不断增加。包括拖拉机在内的农业机械在农村扶贫中具有巨大的潜力。这项研究的动机是想了解中央克罗斯河州的农民在多大程度上有效地使用拖拉机进行农业机械化。本研究采用分层随机抽样方法，随机抽取中部克罗斯河州120户农户。采用结构化和半结构化问卷对120户农户进行访谈。从受访者获得的数据使用简单的百分比和条形图进行分析。这表明，在研究区域有9台拖拉机，其中89%为当地政府委员会所有，7%为个体农民所有。73%的受访者对农业机械化有一定的了解。而只有21%的人透露拖拉机在当地政府农场使用。而40%的受访者表示，拖拉机被雇佣给农民。另一方面，63%的回答者强调在耕种期间不使用拖拉机。总的来说，总共有20%的受访者表示现有的拖拉机没有功能。研究表明，政府、合作团体和个人应该购买更多的拖拉机。此外，应以极低的成本将拖拉机租给农民，并通过培训更多的操作人员和技术人员来改善维修和提供备件。最后，如果提高对农业机械化的认识，并直接向农民提供软贷款，中央克罗斯河州的农业机械化将得到加强。关键词:拖拉机，有效利用，农业机械化工程学报，Vol. 7 (1)， 2008: pp. 37-42
{"title":"Effective Tractor Utilization For Agricultural Mechanization In Central Cross River State, Nigeria","authors":"S. Odey, I. Adinya, M. Oniah, M. Nsor","doi":"10.4314/GJER.V7I1.18977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJER.V7I1.18977","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural Mechanization is not only important for accelerating agricultural development but also for improving farmers' efficiency. Over the years, there has been an increasing demand for tractor use due to general awareness of agricultural mechanization in Nigeria. The use of farm machineries including tractors in farming has great potentials in alleviating rural poverty. This study was prompted by a desire to find out the extent to which farmers in Central Cross River State are efficiently using tractors for agricultural mechanization. A sample of 120 farm families was randomly selected from Central Cross River State using stratified random sampling technique. Interview of the 120 farm families was done using structured and semi-structured questionnaires. Data obtained from respondents were analyzed using simple percentages and bar chart. This shows that 9 tractors were available in the study area of which 89% of them are owned by the Local Government Council and 7% are owned by individual farmers. 73% of the respondents have general awareness of Agricultural Mechanization. Whereas only 21% of them revealed that tractors are used in Local Government Farms. While 40% of the respondents stated that tractors are hired to farmers. On the otherhand, 63% of the respondents emphasized that tractors are not used in their during cultivation. In general, a total of 20% of the respondents stated that the available tractors are not functional. The research suggests among others more tractors should be purchased by government, cooperate groups and individuals. Moreover, tractors should be hired to farmers at very low cost and as well as improve maintenance and provision of spare parts with the training of more operators and technicians. Finally, agricultural mechanization in Central Cross River State would be enhanced if more awareness is created couple with the provision of soft loans directly to farmers. Keywords : Tractor, Effective Utilization, Agricultural Mechanization. Global Journal of Engineering Research Vol. 7 (1) 2008: pp. 37-42","PeriodicalId":12520,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Research In Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"34-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80188060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A major limitation to the application of weather data in engineering designs and agricultural engineering is the lack of solar radiation data, while temperature and rainfall data are relatively available. Four empirical model methods (Bristow-Campbell (BC model), Campbell- Donatelli (CD model), Donatelli- Bellocchi (DB model) and Donatelli-Campbell-Bristow-Bellocchi (Modular DCBB)) were tested by comparing their estimated global radiation values with measured solar radiation data obtained for several years from the meteorological station at Samaru, northern Nigeria with the aim of determining which model estimate correlates more with measured values. The CD model had the best slope of the regression estimated vs measured of 0.87 with the DB and BC models having a slope of 0.65. The CD model also had the lowest RMSE of 2.7 while the DB model had the highest value of 4.5. From the coefficient of residual mass (CRM), BC, CD, and DB models overestimates the global solar radiation while the DCBB model gave underestimated values. The CD model which accounts for situations in which the night air temperature cooling is less than the corresponding clear day and also accounts for the date by using the average air temperature proved to be a reasonably accurate method for estimating global solar radiation for Samaru. Keywords : Solar radiation, air temperature, model, northern Nigeria Global Journal of Engineering Research Vol. 7 (1) 2008: pp. 21-28
{"title":"A Method For Estimating Solar Radiation From Air Temperature Data In Samaru, Northern Guinea Savanna Of Nigeria","authors":"R. Suleiman, K. Oluwasemire, D. Kulla","doi":"10.4314/gjer.v7i1.18975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjer.v7i1.18975","url":null,"abstract":"A major limitation to the application of weather data in engineering designs and agricultural engineering is the lack of solar radiation data, while temperature and rainfall data are relatively available. Four empirical model methods (Bristow-Campbell (BC model), Campbell- Donatelli (CD model), Donatelli- Bellocchi (DB model) and Donatelli-Campbell-Bristow-Bellocchi (Modular DCBB)) were tested by comparing their estimated global radiation values with measured solar radiation data obtained for several years from the meteorological station at Samaru, northern Nigeria with the aim of determining which model estimate correlates more with measured values. The CD model had the best slope of the regression estimated vs measured of 0.87 with the DB and BC models having a slope of 0.65. The CD model also had the lowest RMSE of 2.7 while the DB model had the highest value of 4.5. From the coefficient of residual mass (CRM), BC, CD, and DB models overestimates the global solar radiation while the DCBB model gave underestimated values. The CD model which accounts for situations in which the night air temperature cooling is less than the corresponding clear day and also accounts for the date by using the average air temperature proved to be a reasonably accurate method for estimating global solar radiation for Samaru. Keywords : Solar radiation, air temperature, model, northern Nigeria Global Journal of Engineering Research Vol. 7 (1) 2008: pp. 21-28","PeriodicalId":12520,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Research In Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78255535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a case study in the development and application of a time study model in a paint manufacturing company. The organization specializes in the production of different grades of paint and paint containers. The paint production activities include; weighing of raw materials, drying of raw materials, dissolving of raw materials, material filtering, material stirring, product inspection and quality control and product packaging. The processes in paint container production comprise of cutting of sheet metal, sheet metal rolling, sheet metal pressing for overlapping hook, cutting of top cover, cutting of bottom cover, coiling of sheet metal to shape, pressing bottom cover to position. The study reveals that the time it takes to produce a unit product is directly proportional to the number of production stages involved and the time spent at each of these production stages. This time is being represented by some structural equations which are characteristics of the system being studied. Keywords : Paint Production, Time Study Model, Paint Container and Product Inspection. Global Journal of Engineering Research Vol. 7 (1) 2008: pp. 15-19
本文以某涂料生产企业为例，介绍了时间研究模型的开发与应用。本组织专业生产不同档次的涂料及涂料容器。涂料生产活动包括;原料称重、原料干燥、原料溶解、物料过滤、物料搅拌、产品检验和质量控制、产品包装。涂料容器生产过程包括钣金切割、钣金轧制、钣金压接搭钩、顶盖切割、底盖切割、钣金卷取成型、底盖压接到位。研究表明，生产一个单位产品所需的时间与所涉及的生产阶段的数量和每个生产阶段所花费的时间成正比。这个时间用一些结构方程来表示，这些结构方程是所研究系统的特征。关键词:涂料生产，时间学习模型，涂料容器，产品检验。工程学报，Vol. 7 (1)， 2008: pp. 15-19
{"title":"A Case Study Application Of Time Study Model In Paint Manufacturing Company","authors":"A. Odior","doi":"10.4314/GJER.V7I1.18974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJER.V7I1.18974","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a case study in the development and application of a time study model in a paint manufacturing company. The organization specializes in the production of different grades of paint and paint containers. The paint production activities include; weighing of raw materials, drying of raw materials, dissolving of raw materials, material filtering, material stirring, product inspection and quality control and product packaging. The processes in paint container production comprise of cutting of sheet metal, sheet metal rolling, sheet metal pressing for overlapping hook, cutting of top cover, cutting of bottom cover, coiling of sheet metal to shape, pressing bottom cover to position.\u0000The study reveals that the time it takes to produce a unit product is directly proportional to the number of production stages involved and the time spent at each of these production stages. This time is being represented by some structural equations which are characteristics of the system being studied. Keywords : Paint Production, Time Study Model, Paint Container and Product Inspection. Global Journal of Engineering Research Vol. 7 (1) 2008: pp. 15-19","PeriodicalId":12520,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Research In Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"15-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82035345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is growing demand for alternative, low-cost building material in developing countries. The effect of partial substitution of ordinary Portland cement with Rice Husk Ash (RHA) on the compressive strength of hollow sandcrete block was investigated through laboratory experimental procedures. The specific gravity, initial and final setting times of RHA were determined. 150 x 450 mm hollow sandcrete blocks were cast, cured and crushed for 7, 14 and 28 days at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 percent replacement levels. Results showed that the compressive strength of blocks increased with curing age but decreased with increasing percentage of rice husk ash. It can be concluded from this study that Portland cement could partially be substituted with unground RHA to a level of 17.5 per cent to produce sandcrete blocks as building units. Keywords : Cement, compression, Rice-Husk-Ash and Sandcrete-block Global Journal of Engineering Research Vol. 7 (1) 2008: pp. 43-46
发展中国家对可替代的低成本建筑材料的需求日益增长。通过室内试验研究了稻壳灰部分替代普通硅酸盐水泥对空心砂混凝土砌块抗压强度的影响。测定了RHA的比重、初凝时间和终凝时间。在0、10、20、30、40、50和60%的替换水平下，浇铸、固化和粉碎150 x 450 mm的空心砂混凝土砌块，分别进行7、14和28天。结果表明:砌块抗压强度随龄期的增加而增加，随稻壳灰分掺量的增加而降低;从这项研究可以得出结论，波特兰水泥可以部分地用未地面的RHA替代17.5%的水平，以生产砂混凝土块作为建筑单元。关键词:水泥，压缩，稻壳灰和砂块，工程学报，Vol. 7 (1) 2008: pp. 43-46
{"title":"Compressive Strength Of Rice Husk Ash-Cement Sandcrete Blocks","authors":"I. Agbede, S. Obam","doi":"10.4314/GJER.V7I1.18978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJER.V7I1.18978","url":null,"abstract":"There is growing demand for alternative, low-cost building material in developing countries. The effect of partial substitution of ordinary Portland cement with Rice Husk Ash (RHA) on the compressive strength of hollow sandcrete block was investigated through laboratory experimental procedures. The specific gravity, initial and final setting times of RHA were determined. 150 x 450 mm hollow sandcrete blocks were cast, cured and crushed for 7, 14 and 28 days at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 percent replacement levels. Results showed that the compressive strength of blocks increased with curing age but decreased with increasing percentage of rice husk ash. It can be concluded from this study that Portland cement could partially be substituted with unground RHA to a level of 17.5 per cent to produce sandcrete blocks as building units. Keywords : Cement, compression, Rice-Husk-Ash and Sandcrete-block Global Journal of Engineering Research Vol. 7 (1) 2008: pp. 43-46","PeriodicalId":12520,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Research In Engineering","volume":"38 1","pages":"43-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85589862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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