The low hilly area is a major landform in the west of Henan province, China, and it is suffering soil and water loss because of human activities. The silvopastoral system that combines trees and grasses has been widely used to restore this fragile area. We conducted in situ field experiments in 2011 in the low hilly area of Henan province involving pure forests of Populus simonii (PS; Salicaceae), Platycladus orientalis (PO; Cupressaceae), Quercusvariabilis (QV; Fagaceae), and Robinia pseudoacacia (RP; Fabaceae), and also with each forest tree species being combined with Medicago sativa (MS; Fabaceae) as silvopastoral systems, i.e., PS-MS, PO-MS, QV-MS, and RP-MS, respectively. We recorded tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height (TH) in the years 2014–2016, 2018, 2020, and 2022 for all the different vegetation types. Tree biomass load (TBL, i.e., tree biomass per unit area) was estimated based on DBH and TH using allometric equations for each tree species. Generally, the results showed that the DBH, TH, and TBL were promoted in the silvopastoral systems PS-MS, PO-MS, and QV-MS. Specially, the DBH and TBL of PS-MS and PO-MS tended to be higher and were significantly higher than the pure forests of PS and MS, respectively, in 2014–2016; the silvopastoral systems were not significantly different from the pure forests for DBH in 2018 and 2022, and for TBL in 2018 and 2020. TH was lower in PS-MS and PO-MS than that in PS and PO in 2014–2016, while there was no difference of TH between PS-MS and PS in 2018 and 2022, and TH was higher in PO-MS than that in PO in 2018, 2020 and 2022. The DBH, TH, and TBL were all higher in QV-MS than QV. The TBL in RP-MS was non-significant or lower compared to that in RP. Moreover, TBL tended to be lower in upslope positions than downslope in the pure forests, while there was no difference in most silvopastoral systems. In summary, PS and PO may be suggested as the tree species selection in vegetation restoration processes for about five years, QV may be a better alternative for a long term, while RP is not recommended.
低丘陵区是中国河南省西部的一个主要地貌，由于人类活动而遭受水土流失。结合树木和草的森林放牧系统已被广泛用于恢复这一脆弱地区。2011年，我们在河南省低丘陵区对西蒙杨(Populus simonii, PS;水杨科;侧柏;柏科(Quercusvariabilis);壳斗科)和刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia;豆科植物)，以及与苜蓿(Medicago sativa, MS;分别采用PS-MS、PO-MS、QV-MS和RP-MS进行银相质谱分析。我们分别在2014-2016年、2018年、2020年和2022年记录了不同植被类型的胸径(DBH)和树高(TH)。利用异速生长方程，基于胸径和TH估算了树木生物量负荷(TBL，即单位面积树木生物量)。总体而言，PS-MS、PO-MS和QV-MS体系的胸径、TH和TBL均有显著提高。其中，2014-2016年，PS-MS和PO-MS的胸径和胸径有较高的趋势，显著高于PS和MS的纯林;2018年和2022年DBH和2018年和2020年TBL与纯林的差异不显著。2014-2016年PS- ms和PO- ms TH低于PS和PO, 2018年和2022年PS- ms与PS之间TH无差异，2018年、2020年和2022年PO- ms TH高于PO。QV- ms组DBH、TH、TBL均高于QV组。与RP组相比，RP- ms组TBL无显著性差异或低于RP组。此外，在纯森林中，TBL在上坡位置比下坡位置低，而在大多数森林系统中没有差异。综上所述，PS和PO可作为植被恢复过程中5年左右的树种选择，QV可能是较好的长期选择，RP不推荐。
{"title":"Tree growth as an effect indicator of silvopastoral systems in the low hilly area of western Henan province, China","authors":"Peisong Liu, Fan Cheng, Xinlong Wang, Zhipeng Liu, Liping Cheng, Weishuang Tong, Guang Qi, Lixuan Kou","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1244303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1244303","url":null,"abstract":"The low hilly area is a major landform in the west of Henan province, China, and it is suffering soil and water loss because of human activities. The silvopastoral system that combines trees and grasses has been widely used to restore this fragile area. We conducted in situ field experiments in 2011 in the low hilly area of Henan province involving pure forests of Populus simonii (PS; Salicaceae), Platycladus orientalis (PO; Cupressaceae), Quercusvariabilis (QV; Fagaceae), and Robinia pseudoacacia (RP; Fabaceae), and also with each forest tree species being combined with Medicago sativa (MS; Fabaceae) as silvopastoral systems, i.e., PS-MS, PO-MS, QV-MS, and RP-MS, respectively. We recorded tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height (TH) in the years 2014–2016, 2018, 2020, and 2022 for all the different vegetation types. Tree biomass load (TBL, i.e., tree biomass per unit area) was estimated based on DBH and TH using allometric equations for each tree species. Generally, the results showed that the DBH, TH, and TBL were promoted in the silvopastoral systems PS-MS, PO-MS, and QV-MS. Specially, the DBH and TBL of PS-MS and PO-MS tended to be higher and were significantly higher than the pure forests of PS and MS, respectively, in 2014–2016; the silvopastoral systems were not significantly different from the pure forests for DBH in 2018 and 2022, and for TBL in 2018 and 2020. TH was lower in PS-MS and PO-MS than that in PS and PO in 2014–2016, while there was no difference of TH between PS-MS and PS in 2018 and 2022, and TH was higher in PO-MS than that in PO in 2018, 2020 and 2022. The DBH, TH, and TBL were all higher in QV-MS than QV. The TBL in RP-MS was non-significant or lower compared to that in RP. Moreover, TBL tended to be lower in upslope positions than downslope in the pure forests, while there was no difference in most silvopastoral systems. In summary, PS and PO may be suggested as the tree species selection in vegetation restoration processes for about five years, QV may be a better alternative for a long term, while RP is not recommended.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"129 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1294552
Carlos M. Souza, Luis A. Oliveira, Jailson S. de Souza Filho, Bruno G. Ferreira, Antônio V. Fonseca, João V. Siqueira
The Brazilian Amazon land cover changes rapidly due to anthropogenic and climate drivers. Deforestation and forest disturbances associated with logging and fires, combined with extreme droughts, warmer air, and surface temperatures, have led to high tree mortality and harmful net carbon emissions in this region. Regional attempts to characterize land cover dynamics in this region focused on one or two anthropogenic drivers (i.e., deforestation and forest degradation). Land cover studies have also used a limited temporal scale (i.e., 10–15 years), focusing mainly on global and country-scale forest change. In this study, we propose a novel approach to characterize and measure land cover dynamics in the Amazon biome. First, we defined 10 fundamental land cover classes: forest, flooded forest, shrubland, natural grassland, pastureland, cropland, outcrop, bare and impervious, wetland, and water. Second, we mapped the land cover based on the compositional abundance of Landsat sub-pixel information that makes up these land cover classes: green vegetation (GV), non-photosynthetic vegetation, soil, and shade. Third, we processed all Landsat scenes with <50% cloud cover. Then, we applied a step-wise random forest machine learning algorithm and empirical decision rules to classify intra-annual and annual land cover classes between 1985 and 2022. Finally, we estimated the yearly land cover changes in forested and non-forested ecosystems and characterized the major change drivers. In 2022, forest covered 78.6% (331.9 Mha) of the Amazon biome, with 1.4% of secondary regrowth in more than 5 years. Total herbaceous covered 15.6% of the area, with the majority of pastureland (13.5%) and the remaining natural grassland. Water was the third largest land cover class with 2.4%, followed by cropland (1.2%) and shrubland (0.4%), with 89% overall accuracy. Most of the forest changes were driven by pasture and cropland conversion, and there are signs that climate change is the primary driver of the loss of aquatic ecosystems. Existing carbon emission models disregard the types of land cover changes presented in the studies. The twenty first century requires a more encompassing and integrated approach to monitoring anthropogenic and climate changes in the Amazon biome for better mitigation, adaptation, and conservation policies.
{"title":"Landsat sub-pixel land cover dynamics in the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"Carlos M. Souza, Luis A. Oliveira, Jailson S. de Souza Filho, Bruno G. Ferreira, Antônio V. Fonseca, João V. Siqueira","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1294552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1294552","url":null,"abstract":"The Brazilian Amazon land cover changes rapidly due to anthropogenic and climate drivers. Deforestation and forest disturbances associated with logging and fires, combined with extreme droughts, warmer air, and surface temperatures, have led to high tree mortality and harmful net carbon emissions in this region. Regional attempts to characterize land cover dynamics in this region focused on one or two anthropogenic drivers (i.e., deforestation and forest degradation). Land cover studies have also used a limited temporal scale (i.e., 10–15 years), focusing mainly on global and country-scale forest change. In this study, we propose a novel approach to characterize and measure land cover dynamics in the Amazon biome. First, we defined 10 fundamental land cover classes: forest, flooded forest, shrubland, natural grassland, pastureland, cropland, outcrop, bare and impervious, wetland, and water. Second, we mapped the land cover based on the compositional abundance of Landsat sub-pixel information that makes up these land cover classes: green vegetation (GV), non-photosynthetic vegetation, soil, and shade. Third, we processed all Landsat scenes with <50% cloud cover. Then, we applied a step-wise random forest machine learning algorithm and empirical decision rules to classify intra-annual and annual land cover classes between 1985 and 2022. Finally, we estimated the yearly land cover changes in forested and non-forested ecosystems and characterized the major change drivers. In 2022, forest covered 78.6% (331.9 Mha) of the Amazon biome, with 1.4% of secondary regrowth in more than 5 years. Total herbaceous covered 15.6% of the area, with the majority of pastureland (13.5%) and the remaining natural grassland. Water was the third largest land cover class with 2.4%, followed by cropland (1.2%) and shrubland (0.4%), with 89% overall accuracy. Most of the forest changes were driven by pasture and cropland conversion, and there are signs that climate change is the primary driver of the loss of aquatic ecosystems. Existing carbon emission models disregard the types of land cover changes presented in the studies. The twenty first century requires a more encompassing and integrated approach to monitoring anthropogenic and climate changes in the Amazon biome for better mitigation, adaptation, and conservation policies.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138601977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1327850
Yanjie Li, Cong Xu, Weiqi Yan
{"title":"Editorial: Forest phenomics: how does developing sensor technology improve the growth of forest plantations?","authors":"Yanjie Li, Cong Xu, Weiqi Yan","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1327850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1327850","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"19 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1315936
Benjamin J. Noren, Nicholas R. Lewis, K. Tonello, Anna Ilek, John T. Van Stan
Knowledge of the processes and impacts associated with the canopy’s partitioning of rainfall into stemflow (water that drains to the base of tree stems) and throughfall (water that drips through gaps and from canopy surfaces) has expanded in recent years. However, the effect of canopy interactions on the fundamental physical properties of rainwater as it travels through the canopy to the soil, particularly surface tension, remains understudied. To discuss specific hypotheses within this context and their relevance to ecohydrological theory, the surface tension of rainwater samples was examined directly. Over a period of 9 months, open rainwater, throughfall and stemflow samples were collected during 20 storms from 12 study trees located in Secrest Arboretum (about 2.5 km outside Wooster, Ohio). Study trees were selected to highlight a range of canopy characteristics, with each tree being from a unique deciduous species. Surface tension was measured using pendant drop goniometry, and measurements were analyzed for variation across study trees and correlation with event air temperature and rain intensity. In general, surface tension was reduced in throughfall and stemflow compared to measurements made for event rainwater, with median surface tension changes of −0.446 mN m−1 and −0.595 mN m−1 for throughfall and stemflow, respectively. The extent of this reduction varied among study trees (with changes as great as −6.5 to −5.5 mN m−1), and storm event characteristics were directly and indirectly correlated with surface tension changes in select cases. Hypothetically, a number of mechanisms may account for the observed reduction (and variation in this reduction) in surface tension, including differences in tree surface properties, canopy microenvironments, and microbiomes, and each warrant further research. Testing these hypotheses may advance broader ecohydrological theory as surface tension changes will influence wetting, absorption, and solute exchange processes within the canopy which, in turn, may affect related surface processes.
近年来，关于树冠将降雨划分为茎流(流到树干底部的水)和透雨(从缝隙和树冠表面滴下的水)的过程和影响的知识有所增加。然而，当雨水通过树冠进入土壤时，树冠相互作用对雨水基本物理特性的影响，特别是表面张力，仍然没有得到充分的研究。为了讨论在此背景下的具体假设及其与生态水文理论的相关性，直接检查了雨水样品的表面张力。在9个月的时间里，从secret Arboretum(位于俄亥俄州伍斯特市外约2.5公里)的12棵研究树中收集了20次风暴期间的开放雨水、雨水和茎流样本。研究树的选择是为了突出一系列的冠层特征，每棵树都来自一个独特的落叶物种。利用垂坠角测量法测量表面张力，并分析了测量结果在研究树木之间的变化以及与事件气温和降雨强度的相关性。总的来说，与事件雨水的测量结果相比，穿透雨和茎流的表面张力降低了，穿透雨和茎流的中位表面张力变化分别为- 0.446 mN m - 1和- 0.595 mN m - 1。这种减少的程度在研究树之间有所不同(变化幅度可达- 6.5至- 5.5 mN m - 1)，在某些情况下，风暴事件特征与表面张力变化直接或间接相关。假设，许多机制可以解释观察到的表面张力的减少(以及这种减少的变化)，包括树木表面特性、冠层微环境和微生物组的差异，每一个都需要进一步的研究。验证这些假设可以推进更广泛的生态水文理论，因为表面张力的变化将影响冠层内的润湿、吸收和溶质交换过程，而这些过程反过来又可能影响相关的表面过程。
{"title":"Hypothesis and theory: Do trees “release the tension” in rainwater? Surface tension reduction in throughfall and stemflow from urban trees","authors":"Benjamin J. Noren, Nicholas R. Lewis, K. Tonello, Anna Ilek, John T. Van Stan","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1315936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1315936","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of the processes and impacts associated with the canopy’s partitioning of rainfall into stemflow (water that drains to the base of tree stems) and throughfall (water that drips through gaps and from canopy surfaces) has expanded in recent years. However, the effect of canopy interactions on the fundamental physical properties of rainwater as it travels through the canopy to the soil, particularly surface tension, remains understudied. To discuss specific hypotheses within this context and their relevance to ecohydrological theory, the surface tension of rainwater samples was examined directly. Over a period of 9 months, open rainwater, throughfall and stemflow samples were collected during 20 storms from 12 study trees located in Secrest Arboretum (about 2.5 km outside Wooster, Ohio). Study trees were selected to highlight a range of canopy characteristics, with each tree being from a unique deciduous species. Surface tension was measured using pendant drop goniometry, and measurements were analyzed for variation across study trees and correlation with event air temperature and rain intensity. In general, surface tension was reduced in throughfall and stemflow compared to measurements made for event rainwater, with median surface tension changes of −0.446 mN m−1 and −0.595 mN m−1 for throughfall and stemflow, respectively. The extent of this reduction varied among study trees (with changes as great as −6.5 to −5.5 mN m−1), and storm event characteristics were directly and indirectly correlated with surface tension changes in select cases. Hypothetically, a number of mechanisms may account for the observed reduction (and variation in this reduction) in surface tension, including differences in tree surface properties, canopy microenvironments, and microbiomes, and each warrant further research. Testing these hypotheses may advance broader ecohydrological theory as surface tension changes will influence wetting, absorption, and solute exchange processes within the canopy which, in turn, may affect related surface processes.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"63 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1199601
Imran Khan, Din Muhammad Zahid, Muhammad Zubair, Syed Amir Manzoor, Ghulam Yasin, Mamoona Wali Mohammad, Khalid Ali Khan, Shafeeq Ur Rahman, Anzhen Qin
The dry temperate forests of Pakistan exhibit rich diversity of understory floral species. These important and endemic plant species play a pivotal role in ecosystem functioning and providing livelihoods to the forest communities. South Waziristan, located in the southwest of Pakistan, is known for its rare pure stands of Pinus gerardiana Wallichex. D. Don forests. The rapidly expanding population and current state of affairs are leading to deforestation and causing disturbance to the understory vegetation of this valuable forest. The current study aims to fill the currently scanty information present in the literature regarding the diversity status of understory vegetation in P. gerardiana forests. Data of understory vegetation diversity were gathered for the northern and southern aspects of the forest. A 50 m 2 sampling plot along with the placement of fifty 1x1m 2 quadrats on both sites were laid out to determine species dominance, diversity, and evenness using Simpson, Shanon, Marglef, and Buzas–Gibson indices. The study depicted 612 individuals of about 29 species representing 23 families from the study site. The most abundant species in all of the sites was Salvia Glutinosa cccIV = 0.52. The southern aspect depicted the lowest diversity, but had high species dominance. Allium carolinianum DC. in this site was the most important species (IV = 0.74). The most abundant species were medicinal plants (75%), followed by edible plants (25%). Aspect had a significant effect on the understory vegetation and different categories of plants with respect to their diversity, dominance, and evenness as predicted by the various diversity indices. This study provides essential insight in to the florisitic diversity and community structure of the fragile pine nut understory vegetation in South Waziristan, which was hitherto not available. It was concluded that the southern aspect of understudy dry temperate forests depicted lower diversity and density as compared with the northern aspect. But it was observed that the southern aspect more specifically had more density and diversity of medicinal plants. It is therefore the need of the hour that conservation of these species from grazing and unsustainable harvesting must be ensured to sustain the livelihood of the inhabitants.
巴基斯坦的干温带森林表现出丰富多样的林下植物种类。这些重要的特有植物物种在生态系统功能和为森林群落提供生计方面发挥着关键作用。南瓦济里斯坦位于巴基斯坦西南部，以其罕见的纯白松林而闻名。D. Don forest。快速增长的人口和现状导致了森林砍伐，对这片珍贵的森林的下层植被造成了干扰。本研究旨在填补目前文献中关于白杨林下植被多样性现状的信息不足。采集了南北侧林下植被多样性数据。采用Simpson、Shanon、Marglef和Buzas-Gibson指数，在两个地点设置50个1x1m2样方，并设置50个面积为50平方米的样方，测定物种优势度、多样性和均匀度。该研究描述了研究地点23科29个物种的612个个体。所有站点中最丰富的物种是鼠尾草(Salvia Glutinosa)， cccIV = 0.52。南坡多样性最低，但物种优势度较高。卡罗莱纳葱。为最重要种(IV = 0.74)。药用植物种类最多(75%)，食用植物次之(25%)。坡向对林下植被和不同种类植物的多样性、优势度和均匀度均有显著影响。本研究对南瓦济里斯坦脆弱松子林下植被的植物区系多样性和群落结构提供了重要的认识。结果表明，干温带副林南向的多样性和密度均低于北向。但南向药用植物密度和多样性更高。因此，现在需要确保保护这些物种免受放牧和不可持续的收获，以维持居民的生计。
{"title":"Influence of aspect on vegetation dynamics: insights into the understory vegetation diversity of the dry temperate forests of South Waziristan Agency, Pakistan","authors":"Imran Khan, Din Muhammad Zahid, Muhammad Zubair, Syed Amir Manzoor, Ghulam Yasin, Mamoona Wali Mohammad, Khalid Ali Khan, Shafeeq Ur Rahman, Anzhen Qin","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1199601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1199601","url":null,"abstract":"The dry temperate forests of Pakistan exhibit rich diversity of understory floral species. These important and endemic plant species play a pivotal role in ecosystem functioning and providing livelihoods to the forest communities. South Waziristan, located in the southwest of Pakistan, is known for its rare pure stands of Pinus gerardiana Wallichex. D. Don forests. The rapidly expanding population and current state of affairs are leading to deforestation and causing disturbance to the understory vegetation of this valuable forest. The current study aims to fill the currently scanty information present in the literature regarding the diversity status of understory vegetation in P. gerardiana forests. Data of understory vegetation diversity were gathered for the northern and southern aspects of the forest. A 50 m 2 sampling plot along with the placement of fifty 1x1m 2 quadrats on both sites were laid out to determine species dominance, diversity, and evenness using Simpson, Shanon, Marglef, and Buzas–Gibson indices. The study depicted 612 individuals of about 29 species representing 23 families from the study site. The most abundant species in all of the sites was Salvia Glutinosa cccIV = 0.52. The southern aspect depicted the lowest diversity, but had high species dominance. Allium carolinianum DC. in this site was the most important species (IV = 0.74). The most abundant species were medicinal plants (75%), followed by edible plants (25%). Aspect had a significant effect on the understory vegetation and different categories of plants with respect to their diversity, dominance, and evenness as predicted by the various diversity indices. This study provides essential insight in to the florisitic diversity and community structure of the fragile pine nut understory vegetation in South Waziristan, which was hitherto not available. It was concluded that the southern aspect of understudy dry temperate forests depicted lower diversity and density as compared with the northern aspect. But it was observed that the southern aspect more specifically had more density and diversity of medicinal plants. It is therefore the need of the hour that conservation of these species from grazing and unsustainable harvesting must be ensured to sustain the livelihood of the inhabitants.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"27 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134993161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1192382
Ishrat Saleem, J. A. Mugloo, Nazir A. Pala, G. M. Bhat, T. H. Masoodi, A. H. Mughal, Afshan A. Baba, Basira Mehraj
Agroforestry is an age-old practise of integrating farming with practises, preferably on the same unit of land on sustainable basis. There is tremendous scope for Agroforestry because India has achieved self-sufficiency in food production. Now its attention is becoming more focused on the ecological problems and shortage of fuel, fodder and other outputs as well as unemployment. So, agroforestry land use systems offer a better option by serving as carbon sinks and contributing in attaining food safety, subsistence income, and habitat amelioration. The current study was conducted in this context in the south Kashmir area of India with the objective of recognising the capability of various agroforestry systems for biomass estimation and carbon sequestration assessment for mitigating climate variation. The present study entitled “Biomass production, carbon stock and sequestration potential of prominent agroforestry systems in North-western Himalaya, India” was carried out, during 2018–2019. The study site is located between 33° 72’N and 75° 14’E at an altitude ranging from 2,900 to 5,900 M (amsl). Multistage random sampling technique was used for selection of sampled tehsils, blocks, villages and farmers in Anantnag district. The first stage was the random sampling of six tehsils namely Anantnag, Shangus, Kokernag, Dooru, Sallar, and Larnu and blocks per tehsil namely, viz.; Anantnag, Shangus, Sagam, Shahabad, Pahalgam and Larnu. Then four villages within each block like Anantnag (Ruhoo, Dialgam, Wanihama and Donipawa), Shangus (Shangus, Nowgam, Kutheir and Andoora), Sagam (Hiller, Khalhar, Sagam and Bidder), Shahabad (Larkipora, Shankerpora, Nathipora and Bragam), Pahalgam (Yanner, Charigam, Movra and Wahdan) and Larnu (Leesu, Dandipora, Bidhard and Larnu). Ten farmers within each village were selected, thus making a total of 240 farmers, which accounts 25% sampling intensity. Four agroforestry systems including horti-agriculture, agrisilviculture, (boundary planting), agri-horti-silviculture and horti-silvipasture were chosen for the study as the experimental configuration. Maximum biomass was found in horti-silvipastoral contributing 66.55 t ha −1 followed by agri-horti-silviculture as 50.18 t ha −1 , horti-agriculture as 36.22 t ha −1 and agri-silviculture as 34.87 t ha −1 . The maximum mean biomass of fruit trees (30.54 t ha −1 ), forest trees (25.19 t ha −1 ), grass (7.18 t ha −1 ) during the first cut and 3.64 t ha −1 during the second cut, was calculated in horti-silvipasture system. The overall biomass output of diverse agroforestry systems goes along with the sequence: horti-silvipasture > agri-horti-silviculture > horti-agriculture > boundary plantation, respectively. As a result, estimates of carbon stocks and carbon sequestration for all systems showed the same trend as values for biomass since they are both directly related to the capacity for biomass generation of various plant components. By providing for rural l
农林业是一种将农业与实践相结合的古老做法，最好是在可持续的基础上在同一单位土地上进行。农林业的发展空间很大，因为印度已经实现了粮食生产的自给自足。现在，它的注意力越来越集中在生态问题、燃料、饲料和其他产出的短缺以及失业问题上。因此，农林业土地利用系统提供了一个更好的选择，它可以作为碳汇，有助于实现食品安全、维持生计收入和改善栖息地。目前的研究是在这种背景下在印度的南克什米尔地区进行的，目的是认识到各种农林复合系统在生物量估算和碳封存评估方面的能力，以缓解气候变化。本研究题为“印度喜马拉雅西北部主要农林业系统的生物质生产、碳储量和封存潜力”，是在2018-2019年期间进行的。研究地点位于北纬33°72°至东经75°14°之间，海拔范围为2,900至5,900 M (amsl)。采用多阶段随机抽样技术对阿南塔格县的乡镇、街区、村庄和农民进行抽样。第一阶段是对Anantnag、Shangus、Kokernag、Dooru、salar和Larnu六个县进行随机抽样，每个县分别为:Anantnag, Shangus, Sagam, Shahabad, Pahalgam和Larnu。然后是每个街区内的四个村庄，如Anantnag (Ruhoo, Dialgam, Wanihama和Donipawa)， Shangus (Shangus, Nowgam, Kutheir和Andoora)， Sagam (Hiller, Khalhar, Sagam和Bidder)， Shahabad (Larkipora, Shankerpora, Nathipora和Bragam)， Pahalgam (Yanner, Charigam, Movra和Wahdan)和Larnu (Leesu, Dandipora, Bidhard和Larnu)。每个村选取10名农户，共240名农户，占抽样强度的25%。选择农林复合系统、农牧复合系统、边界种植复合系统、农牧复合系统和农牧复合系统作为试验配置。以农-林-牧模式生物量最大，为66.55 t ha - 1，其次为农-林-牧(50.18 t ha - 1)、农-农(36.22 t ha - 1)和农-林(34.87 t ha - 1)。计算结果表明，在草地-草地系统中，果树(30.54 t ha−1)、林木(25.19 t ha−1)、草地(7.18 t ha−1)和草地(3.64 t ha−1)在第一次采伐期间的最大平均生物量。不同农林复合系统的总生物量产出顺序为:草地-森林-草地>agri-horti-silviculture和gt;horti-agriculture和gt;分界种植。因此，所有系统的碳储量和碳固存的估计值显示出与生物量值相同的趋势，因为它们都与各种植物成分产生生物量的能力直接相关。通过提供农村生计并通过固碳作为有效的碳汇，喜马拉雅地区的这些农林业系统可以显著提高总产量和生产力。当前研究的结果可能对如何在脆弱的喜马拉雅生态系统中选择替代农林业系统和树木组合进行有效的碳预算管理产生重大影响。
{"title":"Biomass production, carbon stock and sequestration potential of prominent agroforestry systems in north-western Himalaya, India","authors":"Ishrat Saleem, J. A. Mugloo, Nazir A. Pala, G. M. Bhat, T. H. Masoodi, A. H. Mughal, Afshan A. Baba, Basira Mehraj","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1192382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1192382","url":null,"abstract":"Agroforestry is an age-old practise of integrating farming with practises, preferably on the same unit of land on sustainable basis. There is tremendous scope for Agroforestry because India has achieved self-sufficiency in food production. Now its attention is becoming more focused on the ecological problems and shortage of fuel, fodder and other outputs as well as unemployment. So, agroforestry land use systems offer a better option by serving as carbon sinks and contributing in attaining food safety, subsistence income, and habitat amelioration. The current study was conducted in this context in the south Kashmir area of India with the objective of recognising the capability of various agroforestry systems for biomass estimation and carbon sequestration assessment for mitigating climate variation. The present study entitled “Biomass production, carbon stock and sequestration potential of prominent agroforestry systems in North-western Himalaya, India” was carried out, during 2018–2019. The study site is located between 33° 72’N and 75° 14’E at an altitude ranging from 2,900 to 5,900 M (amsl). Multistage random sampling technique was used for selection of sampled tehsils, blocks, villages and farmers in Anantnag district. The first stage was the random sampling of six tehsils namely Anantnag, Shangus, Kokernag, Dooru, Sallar, and Larnu and blocks per tehsil namely, viz.; Anantnag, Shangus, Sagam, Shahabad, Pahalgam and Larnu. Then four villages within each block like Anantnag (Ruhoo, Dialgam, Wanihama and Donipawa), Shangus (Shangus, Nowgam, Kutheir and Andoora), Sagam (Hiller, Khalhar, Sagam and Bidder), Shahabad (Larkipora, Shankerpora, Nathipora and Bragam), Pahalgam (Yanner, Charigam, Movra and Wahdan) and Larnu (Leesu, Dandipora, Bidhard and Larnu). Ten farmers within each village were selected, thus making a total of 240 farmers, which accounts 25% sampling intensity. Four agroforestry systems including horti-agriculture, agrisilviculture, (boundary planting), agri-horti-silviculture and horti-silvipasture were chosen for the study as the experimental configuration. Maximum biomass was found in horti-silvipastoral contributing 66.55 t ha −1 followed by agri-horti-silviculture as 50.18 t ha −1 , horti-agriculture as 36.22 t ha −1 and agri-silviculture as 34.87 t ha −1 . The maximum mean biomass of fruit trees (30.54 t ha −1 ), forest trees (25.19 t ha −1 ), grass (7.18 t ha −1 ) during the first cut and 3.64 t ha −1 during the second cut, was calculated in horti-silvipasture system. The overall biomass output of diverse agroforestry systems goes along with the sequence: horti-silvipasture &gt; agri-horti-silviculture &gt; horti-agriculture &gt; boundary plantation, respectively. As a result, estimates of carbon stocks and carbon sequestration for all systems showed the same trend as values for biomass since they are both directly related to the capacity for biomass generation of various plant components. By providing for rural l","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"2 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1273996
Daniela Yaffar, Shalom D. Addo-Danso, Jennifer S. Powers, Ina C. Meier
African montane forests harbor some of the greatest biodiversity worldwide, with high levels of species endemism. However, the loss of these forests through fragmentation, deforestation and climate change has been rapidly increasing in recent years. Montane forests in Africa are more susceptible to changes in climate than their lowland counterparts, yet their ecological value is still underrepresented. These montane forests have recently been highlighted as a major aboveground carbon (C) stock. The estimated 149.4 Mg C ha −1 from aboveground live trees surpasses estimates from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for these endangered forests, and exceeds reported values for neotropical montane and lowland forests by up to 70%. Despite the tremendous implications of these findings, coordinated and available research on the C storage potential of the other share of African montane forest biomass, that is in tree roots, is largely missing. Broadly estimated from the allometry of aboveground C stocks and from root:shoot ratios in lowland forests, more than 60 Mg C ha −1 can be stored in African montane forest roots, about 40% more than previously determined. While this broad estimation points at the potential importance of root C stocks in African montane forests, it also unveils a far-reaching knowledge gap. Here, we advocate for a more quantitative representation of the root C stock from dominant forest tree species of African tropical montane forests and ultimately for a better grasp on tree C stocks from this endangered ecosystem.
非洲山地森林拥有世界上最丰富的生物多样性，具有高度的物种特有性。然而，近年来，由于破碎化、森林砍伐和气候变化，这些森林的损失正在迅速增加。非洲的山地森林比低地森林更容易受到气候变化的影响，但它们的生态价值仍未得到充分体现。这些山地森林最近被强调为主要的地上碳(C)储量。从地上活树中估计的149.4毫克碳ha - 1超过了政府间气候变化专门委员会对这些濒危森林的估计，并超过新热带山地和低地森林报告的值高达70%。尽管这些发现具有巨大的影响，但是关于非洲山地森林生物量的另一部分，即树根中碳储存潜力的协调和现有的研究基本上是缺失的。根据低地森林地上碳储量异速生长和根:梢比的大致估计，非洲山地森林根系可储存超过60 Mg C ha - 1，比先前确定的多约40%。虽然这一宽泛的估计指出了非洲山地森林C根储量的潜在重要性，但它也揭示了一个影响深远的知识缺口。在这里，我们主张对非洲热带山地森林优势树种的根C储量进行更定量的表征，最终更好地掌握这一濒危生态系统的树C储量。
{"title":"Fundamental but underrepresented: root carbon stocks in African montane forests","authors":"Daniela Yaffar, Shalom D. Addo-Danso, Jennifer S. Powers, Ina C. Meier","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1273996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1273996","url":null,"abstract":"African montane forests harbor some of the greatest biodiversity worldwide, with high levels of species endemism. However, the loss of these forests through fragmentation, deforestation and climate change has been rapidly increasing in recent years. Montane forests in Africa are more susceptible to changes in climate than their lowland counterparts, yet their ecological value is still underrepresented. These montane forests have recently been highlighted as a major aboveground carbon (C) stock. The estimated 149.4 Mg C ha −1 from aboveground live trees surpasses estimates from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for these endangered forests, and exceeds reported values for neotropical montane and lowland forests by up to 70%. Despite the tremendous implications of these findings, coordinated and available research on the C storage potential of the other share of African montane forest biomass, that is in tree roots, is largely missing. Broadly estimated from the allometry of aboveground C stocks and from root:shoot ratios in lowland forests, more than 60 Mg C ha −1 can be stored in African montane forest roots, about 40% more than previously determined. While this broad estimation points at the potential importance of root C stocks in African montane forests, it also unveils a far-reaching knowledge gap. Here, we advocate for a more quantitative representation of the root C stock from dominant forest tree species of African tropical montane forests and ultimately for a better grasp on tree C stocks from this endangered ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"22 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134992691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction Inputs of additional organic matter to the soil will accelerate or inhibit the decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC), resulting in a priming effect (PE), which is a key mechanism affecting soil carbon (C) cycling. The impact mechanism of changes in soil properties on the PE is still unclear after vegetation restoration; in particular, the contribution of C pools with different turnover rates to the PE has not been distinguished and quantified. Methods In this study, the secondary shrub (SB) ( Vitex negundo var. heterophylla ) formed by the enclosure of barren grassland was selected as the research object, and the barren grassland (GL) was taken as the control. Equal amounts of 13 C-labeled glucose were added to the topsoil for a 45-day incubation experiment to measure the PE. Moreover, soil samples were destructively sampled to explore the fate of new C and changes in POC and MAOC fractions during incubation. Results After 45 days of incubation, most of the new C formed by glucose flowed to MAOC, with 95.45% in SB soil and 92.29% in GL soil. In the experiment, all soils showed a positive PE. The PE, POC mineralization and MAOC accumulation were higher in SB soil than in GL soil. During incubation, the mineralization of POC was positively correlated with the PE and made a major contribution to the PE. Partial correlation analysis showed that after vegetation restoration, SB further promoted the mineralization of POC by increasing the soil moisture, fungal diversity and necromass C of bacteria, which led to an increase in PE. Conclusion The SB mainly enhanced PE by increasing soil fungal diversity and mineralization of POC. And increasing PE due to the SB may lead to an increase in soil C emissions. Therefore, we need to adopt forest management and other measures to address the potential risks of increased soil C emissions in the vegetation restoration process.
{"title":"Secondary shrubs promoted the priming effect by increasing soil particle organic carbon mineralization","authors":"Qinghui Yu, Zixu Zhang, Yuan He, Ming Hao, Guifang Wang, Xingjian Dun, Qicong Wu, Peng Gao","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1288259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1288259","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Inputs of additional organic matter to the soil will accelerate or inhibit the decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC), resulting in a priming effect (PE), which is a key mechanism affecting soil carbon (C) cycling. The impact mechanism of changes in soil properties on the PE is still unclear after vegetation restoration; in particular, the contribution of C pools with different turnover rates to the PE has not been distinguished and quantified. Methods In this study, the secondary shrub (SB) ( Vitex negundo var. heterophylla ) formed by the enclosure of barren grassland was selected as the research object, and the barren grassland (GL) was taken as the control. Equal amounts of 13 C-labeled glucose were added to the topsoil for a 45-day incubation experiment to measure the PE. Moreover, soil samples were destructively sampled to explore the fate of new C and changes in POC and MAOC fractions during incubation. Results After 45 days of incubation, most of the new C formed by glucose flowed to MAOC, with 95.45% in SB soil and 92.29% in GL soil. In the experiment, all soils showed a positive PE. The PE, POC mineralization and MAOC accumulation were higher in SB soil than in GL soil. During incubation, the mineralization of POC was positively correlated with the PE and made a major contribution to the PE. Partial correlation analysis showed that after vegetation restoration, SB further promoted the mineralization of POC by increasing the soil moisture, fungal diversity and necromass C of bacteria, which led to an increase in PE. Conclusion The SB mainly enhanced PE by increasing soil fungal diversity and mineralization of POC. And increasing PE due to the SB may lead to an increase in soil C emissions. Therefore, we need to adopt forest management and other measures to address the potential risks of increased soil C emissions in the vegetation restoration process.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"55 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136283241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1226514
Emily Warner, Susan C. Cook-Patton, Owen T. Lewis, Nick Brown, Julia Koricheva, Nico Eisenhauer, Olga Ferlian, Dominique Gravel, Jefferson S. Hall, Hervé Jactel, Carolina Mayoral, Céline Meredieu, Christian Messier, Alain Paquette, William C. Parker, Catherine Potvin, Peter B. Reich, Andy Hector
Although decades of research suggest that higher species richness improves ecosystem functioning and stability, planted forests are predominantly monocultures. To determine whether diversification of plantations would enhance aboveground carbon storage, we systematically reviewed over 11,360 publications, and acquired data from a global network of tree diversity experiments. We compiled a maximum dataset of 79 monoculture to mixed comparisons from 21 sites with all variables needed for a meta-analysis. We assessed aboveground carbon stocks in mixed-species planted forests vs. (a) the average of monocultures, (b) the best monoculture, and (c) commercial species monocultures, and examined potential mechanisms driving differences in carbon stocks between mixtures and monocultures. On average, we found that aboveground carbon stocks in mixed planted forests were 70% higher than the average monoculture, 77% higher than commercial monocultures, and 25% higher than the best performing monocultures, although the latter was not statistically significant. Overyielding was highest in four-species mixtures (richness range 2–6 species), but otherwise none of the potential mechanisms we examined (nitrogen-fixer present vs. absent; native vs. non-native/mixed origin; tree diversity experiment vs. forestry plantation) consistently explained variation in the diversity effects. Our results, predominantly from young stands, thus suggest that diversification could be a very promising solution for increasing the carbon sequestration of planted forests and represent a call to action for more data to increase confidence in these results and elucidate methods to overcome any operational challenges and costs associated with diversification.
{"title":"Young mixed planted forests store more carbon than monocultures—a meta-analysis","authors":"Emily Warner, Susan C. Cook-Patton, Owen T. Lewis, Nick Brown, Julia Koricheva, Nico Eisenhauer, Olga Ferlian, Dominique Gravel, Jefferson S. Hall, Hervé Jactel, Carolina Mayoral, Céline Meredieu, Christian Messier, Alain Paquette, William C. Parker, Catherine Potvin, Peter B. Reich, Andy Hector","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1226514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1226514","url":null,"abstract":"Although decades of research suggest that higher species richness improves ecosystem functioning and stability, planted forests are predominantly monocultures. To determine whether diversification of plantations would enhance aboveground carbon storage, we systematically reviewed over 11,360 publications, and acquired data from a global network of tree diversity experiments. We compiled a maximum dataset of 79 monoculture to mixed comparisons from 21 sites with all variables needed for a meta-analysis. We assessed aboveground carbon stocks in mixed-species planted forests vs. (a) the average of monocultures, (b) the best monoculture, and (c) commercial species monocultures, and examined potential mechanisms driving differences in carbon stocks between mixtures and monocultures. On average, we found that aboveground carbon stocks in mixed planted forests were 70% higher than the average monoculture, 77% higher than commercial monocultures, and 25% higher than the best performing monocultures, although the latter was not statistically significant. Overyielding was highest in four-species mixtures (richness range 2–6 species), but otherwise none of the potential mechanisms we examined (nitrogen-fixer present vs. absent; native vs. non-native/mixed origin; tree diversity experiment vs. forestry plantation) consistently explained variation in the diversity effects. Our results, predominantly from young stands, thus suggest that diversification could be a very promising solution for increasing the carbon sequestration of planted forests and represent a call to action for more data to increase confidence in these results and elucidate methods to overcome any operational challenges and costs associated with diversification.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":" 32","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on carbon sources/sinks in desert ecosystems is of great importance to understand the carbon cycle and its response to climate change. Net primary productivity (NPP) and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) are the two most important indictors for quantitatively evaluating carbon storage and can be used to indicate the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change. In this study, we used remote sensing data, meteorological data and vegetation type data to estimate the NPP and NEP using CASA model and soil respiration model from 2000 to 2020 in the region of Yulin, which is a typical desertification reversal region in the Mu Us Sandy Land. The spatial and temporal features of the NPP and NEP and their relationships with temperature and precipitation were determined. The results showed that both the annual NPP and NEP showed an increasing trend from 2000 to 2020 in the region of Yulin, where the terrestrial ecosystem acted as a carbon source until 2001 but turned into a sink thereafter. The carbon storage showed an increasing trend with a rate of 0.50 Tg C·a −1 from 2000 to 2020. Both the mean annual NPP and the total NEP increased from the west to the east of the region in spatial distribution. The total NEP indicated that the area with a carbon sink accounted for 89.22% of the total area, showing a carbon accumulation of 103.0 Tg C, and the carbon source area accounted for 10.78% of the total area with a carbon emission of 4.40 Tg C. The net carbon sequestration was 99.44 Tg C in the region of Yulin during the period from 2000 to 2020. Temperature had no significant effects on NPP and NEP for most areas of the region, while precipitation had a positive effect on the increasing NPP in 75.3% of areas and NEP in 30.07% of areas of the region. These results indicated that it is of utmost significance to protect terrestrial ecosystems from degradation, and ecological restoration projects are essential in combating desertification, which would be helpful for soil water conservation and could effectively increase carbon storage in desert ecosystems.
{"title":"Characteristics of carbon sources and sinks and their relationships with climate factors during the desertification reversal process in Yulin, China","authors":"Xiao Feng, Qingbin Fan, Jianjun Qu, Xinhui Ding, Ziru Niu","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1288449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1288449","url":null,"abstract":"Research on carbon sources/sinks in desert ecosystems is of great importance to understand the carbon cycle and its response to climate change. Net primary productivity (NPP) and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) are the two most important indictors for quantitatively evaluating carbon storage and can be used to indicate the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change. In this study, we used remote sensing data, meteorological data and vegetation type data to estimate the NPP and NEP using CASA model and soil respiration model from 2000 to 2020 in the region of Yulin, which is a typical desertification reversal region in the Mu Us Sandy Land. The spatial and temporal features of the NPP and NEP and their relationships with temperature and precipitation were determined. The results showed that both the annual NPP and NEP showed an increasing trend from 2000 to 2020 in the region of Yulin, where the terrestrial ecosystem acted as a carbon source until 2001 but turned into a sink thereafter. The carbon storage showed an increasing trend with a rate of 0.50 Tg C·a −1 from 2000 to 2020. Both the mean annual NPP and the total NEP increased from the west to the east of the region in spatial distribution. The total NEP indicated that the area with a carbon sink accounted for 89.22% of the total area, showing a carbon accumulation of 103.0 Tg C, and the carbon source area accounted for 10.78% of the total area with a carbon emission of 4.40 Tg C. The net carbon sequestration was 99.44 Tg C in the region of Yulin during the period from 2000 to 2020. Temperature had no significant effects on NPP and NEP for most areas of the region, while precipitation had a positive effect on the increasing NPP in 75.3% of areas and NEP in 30.07% of areas of the region. These results indicated that it is of utmost significance to protect terrestrial ecosystems from degradation, and ecological restoration projects are essential in combating desertification, which would be helpful for soil water conservation and could effectively increase carbon storage in desert ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":" 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135293328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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