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Temporal and spatial dynamics in emission of water-soluble ions in fine particulate matter during forest fires in Southwest China 西南地区森林火灾过程中细颗粒物中水溶性离子排放的时空动态
3区 农林科学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1250038
Xiaoyu Zhan, Yuanfan Ma, Ziyan Huang, Chenyue Zheng, Haichuan Lin, Mulualem Tigabu, Futao Guo
Aims The aim of this study was to analyze changes in emission of water-soluble ions in fine particulate matter over time and in different southwest forest areas in China based on China’s Forestry Statistical Yearbook and MODIS satellite fire point data. Methods We took 6 dominant tree species samples in the southwestern forest region of China and simulated combustion using controllable biomass combustion devices. Based on the spatial analysis method of ArcGIS, combining satellite fire point data and official statistical yearbooks, we analyzed the spatial and temporal dynamics of emissions of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 released by forest fires in southwestern forest areas from 2004 to 2021. Results The total amount of forest biomass combusted in southwest forest areas was 64.43 kt. Among the different forest types, the proportion of burnt subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest was the largest (60.49%) followed by subtropical mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest (22.78%) and subtropical evergreen coniferous forest (16.72%). During the study period, 61.19 t of water-soluble ions were released in PM 2.5 from forest fires, and the emissions of Li + , Na + , NH 4 + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , F − , Cl − , Br − , NO 3 − , PO 4 3− and SO 4 2− were 0.48 t, 11.54 t, 2.51 t, 19.44 t, 2.12 t, 2.92 t, 1.94 t, 12.70 t, 1.12 t, 1.18 t, 1.17 t and 4.07 t, respectively. Yunnan was the province with the highest emissions of water-soluble ions in PM 2.5 in the southwest forest areas, and the concentration K + was the highest. Emission of water-soluble ions in Yunnan and Sichuan all showed a significant downward trend, while the overall decrease in Tibet, Chongqing and Guizhou was not significant. The peak emission of water-soluble ions in PM 2.5 during forest fires appeared in spring and winter, which accounted for 87.66% of the total emission. Discussion This study reveals the spatiotemporal changes in water-soluble ion emissions from forest fires, by studying the spatiotemporal dynamics of water-soluble ions in PM 2.5 , we can better understand the sources, distribution, and change patterns of these ions, as well as their impact on the atmospheric environment, ecosystems, and climate change. This information is crucial for predicting and managing air pollution, as well as developing effective forest management and environmental protection policies to respond to fires; and hence concerted fire prevention efforts should be made in each province, taking into account the season with higher probability of fire occurrence to reduce the potential impact of fire-related pollutions.
目的基于中国林业统计年鉴和MODIS卫星火点数据,分析中国西南不同林区细颗粒物中水溶性离子排放随时间的变化。方法选取中国西南林区6种优势树种,采用生物质可控燃烧装置模拟燃烧。基于ArcGIS空间分析方法,结合卫星火点数据和官方统计年鉴,分析2004 - 2021年西南林区森林火灾释放PM2.5中水溶性离子排放的时空动态。结果西南林区森林生物质燃烧总量为64.43 kt。不同森林类型中,亚热带常绿阔叶林被烧毁的比例最大(60.49%),其次是亚热带针阔叶混交林(22.78%)和亚热带常绿针叶林(16.72%)。在研究期间,61.19 t的水溶性离子被释放从森林火灾在下午2.5,和李的排放+,Na +, NH 4 +, K +, Mg 2 + 2 +, F−Cl−,Br−,没有3−,阿宝4 3−所以4 2−0.48吨,11.54吨、2.51吨、19.44吨、2.12吨、2.92吨、1.94吨、12.70吨、1.12吨、1.18吨、1.17吨和4.07 t,分别。云南是西南林区pm2.5中水溶性离子排放量最大的省份,K +浓度最高。云南和四川的水溶性离子排放量均呈显著下降趋势,而西藏、重庆和贵州总体下降不显著。森林火灾PM 2.5水溶性离子排放峰值出现在春季和冬季,占总排放量的87.66%。本研究揭示了森林火灾中水溶性离子排放的时空变化,通过研究pm2.5中水溶性离子的时空动态,可以更好地了解这些离子的来源、分布和变化规律,以及它们对大气环境、生态系统和气候变化的影响。这些资料对于预测和管理空气污染以及制定有效的森林管理和环境保护政策以应对火灾至关重要;因此,考虑到火灾发生的可能性较高的季节,各省应采取协调一致的防火措施,以减少与火灾有关的污染的潜在影响。
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引用次数: 0
Global root trait underrepresentation in Paleotropical communities: a qualitative analysis 古热带群落全球根系特征代表性不足:定性分析
3区 农林科学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1206225
Ming Yang Lee, Kelly M. Andersen
Many ecosystem processes revolve around plant roots and the rhizosphere, but root trait knowledge has generally lagged behind aboveground plant traits from leaves and stems. In particular, root trait representation of Paleotropical species and tropical communities in modern trait databases remains poor, constraining our understanding of belowground processes in these regions. Therefore, we sought to examine the current state of root trait representation and associated topics in the Paleotropics to identify gaps and biases in the existing literature. Using an exhaustive literature scan, we compiled a list of publications that contained various belowground trait information. Subsequently, we utilized a statistical topic modeling method to analyze abstracts of publications in order to identify topics studied alongside root trait documentation. Finally, we consolidated trends in root trait coverage and topics across five geographical regions and four time periods to illustrate shifts in literature and knowledge of ecological processes revolving around roots. Root trait representation was heavily biased toward root biomass but other aspects of root systems such as physiology, architecture and anatomical traits remain underrepresented. We categorized 23 unique topics around root trait literature across eight categories: ecosystem productivity and biomass stocks, plant functional traits, resource availability, ecosystem processes and dynamics, mycorrhizal colonization, edaphic processes, seedling experiments, and global change and variation. Traits and topic coverage were unequally distributed across the Paletropics and exhibited a notable shift in focus from resource limitation and mycorrhizae research to root trait variation at large spatial and temporal scales over the last 50 years of root trait literature. Given these trends and the heterogenous effects global change exerts on the tropics at a regional scale, we provided several recommendations to facilitate inter-study comparisons of traits to advance the field’s understanding of belowground ecosystem processes in pantropical communities.
许多生态系统过程都是围绕植物的根和根际进行的,但对根性状的认识通常滞后于对植物叶片和茎的地上性状的认识。特别是,在现代性状数据库中,古热带物种和热带群落的根系性状表现仍然很差,限制了我们对这些地区地下过程的理解。因此,我们试图研究古热带地区根性状表征和相关主题的现状,以确定现有文献中的空白和偏差。通过详尽的文献扫描,我们编制了一个包含各种地下特征信息的出版物列表。随后,我们利用统计主题建模方法分析出版物摘要,以确定与根性状文档一起研究的主题。最后,我们整合了五个地理区域和四个时期的根系性状覆盖趋势和主题,以说明围绕根系的生态过程的文献和知识的变化。根系性状表征严重偏向于根系生物量,但根系生理、结构和解剖性状等其他方面的表征仍然不足。我们围绕根性状文献分类了23个独特的主题,涵盖8个类别:生态系统生产力和生物量储量、植物功能性状、资源有效性、生态系统过程和动态、菌根定植、土壤过程、幼苗试验和全球变化和变异。在近50年的根性状文献中,性状和主题覆盖在古热带地区分布不均,并呈现出从资源限制和菌根研究到大时空尺度根性状变异的显著转变。鉴于这些趋势以及全球变化在区域尺度上对热带地区的异质性影响,我们提出了一些建议,以促进研究间的特征比较,以促进该领域对泛热带群落地下生态系统过程的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Mortality thresholds of juvenile trees to drought and heatwaves: implications for forest regeneration across a landscape gradient 幼树对干旱和热浪的死亡阈值:景观梯度对森林更新的影响
3区 农林科学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1198156
Alexandra R. Lalor, Darin J. Law, David D. Breshears, Donald A. Falk, Jason P. Field, Rachel A. Loehman, F. Jack Triepke, Greg A. Barron-Gafford
Tree loss is increasing rapidly due to drought- and heat-related mortality and intensifying fire activity. Consequently, the fate of many forests depends on the ability of juvenile trees to withstand heightened climate and disturbance anomalies. Extreme climatic events, such as droughts and heatwaves, are increasing in frequency and severity, and trees in mountainous regions must contend with these landscape-level climate episodes. Recent research focuses on how mortality of individual tree species may be driven by drought and heatwaves, but how juvenile mortality under these conditions would vary among species spanning an elevational gradient—given concurrent variation in climate, ecohydrology, and physiology–remains unclear. We address this knowledge gap by implementing a growth chamber study, imposing extreme drought with and without a compounding heatwave, for juveniles of five species that span a forested life zones in the Southwestern United States. Overall, the length of a progressive drought required to trigger mortality differed by up to 20 weeks among species. Inclusion of a heatwave hastened mean time to mortality for all species by about 1 week. Lower-elevation species that grow in warmer ambient conditions died earlier ( Pinus ponderosa in 10 weeks, Pinus edulis in 14 weeks) than did higher-elevation species from cooler ambient conditions ( Picea engelmannii and Pseudotsuga menziesii in 19 weeks, and Pinus flexilis in 30 weeks). When exposed to a heatwave in conjunction with drought, mortality advanced significantly only for species from cooler ambient conditions ( Pinus flexilis : 2.7 weeks earlier; Pseudotsuga menziesii : 2.0 weeks earlier). Cooler ambient temperatures may have buffered against moisture loss during drought, resulting in longer survival of higher-elevation species despite expected drought tolerance of lower-elevation species due to tree physiology. Our study suggests that droughts will play a leading role in juvenile tree mortality and will most directly impact species at warmer climate thresholds, with heatwaves in tandem with drought potentially exacerbating mortality especially of high elevation species. These responses are relevant for assessing the potential success of both natural and managed reforestation, as differential juvenile survival following episodic extreme events will determine future landscape-scale vegetation trajectories under changing climate.
由于与干旱和高温有关的死亡以及火灾活动加剧,树木损失正在迅速增加。因此,许多森林的命运取决于幼树抵御气候加剧和异常扰动的能力。干旱和热浪等极端气候事件的频率和严重程度都在增加,山区的树木必须应对这些景观级的气候事件。最近的研究集中在干旱和热浪如何驱动单个树种的死亡率,但是在这些条件下,在气候、生态水文和生理同时变化的情况下,不同树种的幼树死亡率如何在海拔梯度上变化,仍然不清楚。我们通过实施一项生长室研究来解决这一知识差距,该研究对跨越美国西南部森林生活区的五个物种的幼崽施加了极端干旱和没有复合热浪的影响。总体而言,引发死亡所需的持续干旱时间在不同物种之间的差异高达20周。热浪将所有物种的平均死亡时间缩短了约1周。生长在较温暖环境条件下的低海拔物种(黄松10周,毛松14周)比生长在较冷环境条件下的高海拔物种(云杉和孟氏假杉19周,柔柔松30周)死亡得早。当暴露于热浪和干旱时,只有环境条件较冷的物种的死亡率显著上升(松:提前2.7周;孟氏假杉:2.0周前)。较低的环境温度可能缓冲了干旱期间的水分流失,导致高海拔物种的生存时间更长,尽管由于树木的生理机能,低海拔物种预计具有耐旱性。我们的研究表明,干旱将在幼树死亡中发挥主导作用,并将在更温暖的气候阈值下最直接地影响物种,热浪与干旱相结合可能会加剧死亡率,特别是高海拔物种。这些反应与评估自然和人工再造林的潜在成功相关,因为在偶发性极端事件之后,幼树的不同存活率将决定气候变化下未来景观尺度的植被轨迹。
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引用次数: 0
Carbon emission reduction effects in Yangtze River Delta from the dual perspectives of forest resource endowment and low-carbon pilot policy in the digital age 数字时代森林资源禀赋与低碳试点政策双重视角下的长三角碳减排效应
3区 农林科学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1259500
Qian Zhang, Rong Wang
Although Chinese society has transformed into the digital age, carbon peaking and neutrality are still important starting points for implementing the national strategy of green and low-carbon integrated growth in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of China. With data from 41 cities in YRD from 2005 to 2019, this paper empirically analyzes the carbon emission reduction effects from dual perspectives of forest resource endowment and low-carbon pilot policy in the digital age. The findings include: (1) Forest resources are indeed conducive to reducing carbon emissions. However, when considering the carbon sequestration effect of forests, a nonlinear U-shaped relationship exists between forest resource abundance and net carbon emissions per GDP. (2) Low-carbon city pilot policies are effective in reducing carbon emissions. (3) Low-carbon pilot policies perform better in smart cities, resource-based cities, and cities with abundant forest resources, showing significant heterogeneity. Forests can be relied on to assist in carbon emission reduction in the short term, but in the long term, a forest ecosystem with biodiversity is needed to achieve low-carbon sustainable development. This article provides some experience and references for building green and carbon-neutral cities for YRD in the digital age.
虽然中国社会已经进入数字时代,但碳峰值和碳中和仍然是中国长三角实施绿色低碳融合增长国家战略的重要起点。本文利用2005 - 2019年长三角41个城市的数据,从森林资源禀赋和低碳试点政策的双重视角,实证分析了数字时代下长三角41个城市的碳减排效果。研究结果表明:(1)森林资源确实有利于减少碳排放。然而,当考虑森林的固碳效应时,森林资源丰度与单位GDP净碳排放量之间存在非线性u型关系。(2)低碳城市试点政策在降低碳排放方面效果显著。③低碳试点政策在智慧城市、资源型城市和森林资源丰富的城市表现较好,且异质性显著。短期内可以依靠森林来帮助减少碳排放,但从长远来看,实现低碳可持续发展需要具有生物多样性的森林生态系统。本文为长三角在数字时代建设绿色碳中和城市提供了一些经验和参考。
{"title":"Carbon emission reduction effects in Yangtze River Delta from the dual perspectives of forest resource endowment and low-carbon pilot policy in the digital age","authors":"Qian Zhang, Rong Wang","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1259500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1259500","url":null,"abstract":"Although Chinese society has transformed into the digital age, carbon peaking and neutrality are still important starting points for implementing the national strategy of green and low-carbon integrated growth in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of China. With data from 41 cities in YRD from 2005 to 2019, this paper empirically analyzes the carbon emission reduction effects from dual perspectives of forest resource endowment and low-carbon pilot policy in the digital age. The findings include: (1) Forest resources are indeed conducive to reducing carbon emissions. However, when considering the carbon sequestration effect of forests, a nonlinear U-shaped relationship exists between forest resource abundance and net carbon emissions per GDP. (2) Low-carbon city pilot policies are effective in reducing carbon emissions. (3) Low-carbon pilot policies perform better in smart cities, resource-based cities, and cities with abundant forest resources, showing significant heterogeneity. Forests can be relied on to assist in carbon emission reduction in the short term, but in the long term, a forest ecosystem with biodiversity is needed to achieve low-carbon sustainable development. This article provides some experience and references for building green and carbon-neutral cities for YRD in the digital age.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Soil uptake of isoprenoids in a Eucalyptus urophylla plantation forest in subtropical China 亚热带尾叶桉人工林土壤对类异戊二烯的吸收
3区 农林科学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1260327
Zhaobin Mu, Jianqiang Zeng, Yanli Zhang, Wei Song, Weihua Pang, Zhigang Yi, Dolores Asensio, Joan Llusià, Josep Peñuelas, Xinming Wang
The exchange of isoprenoids, which includes isoprene, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes, between ecosystem soils and the atmosphere plays a significant role in soil ecology and atmospheric chemistry. However, research on flux exchange rates in subtropical ecosystems has been limited, as previous studies have mainly focused on temperate and boreal environments. In this study, we aimed to quantify the exchange of isoprenoids between the soil (with or without surface litter) and the atmosphere in a subtropical Eucalyptus urophylla plantation forest during the daytime in the wet season of subtropical China. Additionally, we investigated the influence of soil and litter variables on the fluxes of isoprenoids. Our results unveiled the exchange of isoprene and 17 terpenoid compounds, comprising 11 monoterpenes and 6 sesquiterpenes, between the studied soils and the atmosphere. Interestingly, regardless of the presence of surface litter, the studied soils acted as net sinks for isoprenoids, with isoprene being the most absorbed compound (−71.84 ± 8.26 μg m −2 h −1 ). The removal of surface litter had a significant impact on the exchange rates of two monoterpenes (α-pinene and β-pinene), resulting in decreased fluxes. Furthermore, the exchange rates of isoprene were positively correlated with litter dry weight and negatively correlated with soil temperature. The higher exchange rates of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were associated with increased levels of soil respiration and the abundance of leaf litter. These findings suggest that, in the context of projected global warming scenarios, the capacity of subtropical soils to act as sinks for isoprenoids is expected to increase in subtropical China. These changes in sink capacity may have implications for regional-scale atmospheric chemistry and ecosystem functioning.
类异戊二烯包括异戊二烯、单萜和倍半萜,它们在生态系统土壤和大气之间的交换在土壤生态学和大气化学中起着重要的作用。然而,由于以往的研究主要集中在温带和北方环境,对亚热带生态系统通量交换率的研究还很有限。在本研究中,我们旨在量化亚热带尾叶桉人工林在雨季白天土壤(有或没有地表凋落物)与大气之间的类异戊二烯交换。此外,我们还研究了土壤和凋落物变量对类异戊二烯通量的影响。我们的研究结果揭示了异戊二烯和17种萜类化合物,包括11种单萜类和6种倍半萜类,在所研究的土壤和大气之间的交换。有趣的是,无论地表是否存在凋落物,所研究的土壤都是类异戊二烯的净汇,其中异戊二烯是吸收最多的化合物(- 71.84±8.26 μg m - 2 h - 1)。表面凋落物的去除对两种单萜(α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯)的交换速率有显著影响,导致通量降低。异戊二烯交换速率与凋落物干重呈正相关,与土壤温度负相关。单萜类和倍半萜类的较高交换速率与土壤呼吸水平和凋落叶丰度的增加有关。这些发现表明,在预估的全球变暖情景下,中国亚热带土壤作为类异戊二烯汇的能力预计会增加。这些汇容量的变化可能对区域尺度的大气化学和生态系统功能产生影响。
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引用次数: 0
Greater soil carbon losses from secondary than old-growth tropical forests 次生林比原始热带森林的土壤碳损失更大
3区 农林科学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1135270
Nanette C. Raczka, Qian Yi Ho, Vupasana Srinivasan, Ming Yang Lee, Chung-Wing Ko, Madeleine Königer, Terence Chua, Delia Binny, Kang Min Ngo, Kelly M. Andersen
Tropical forests play a crucial role in mediating the global carbon cycle and climate. Southeast Asian tropical forests are experiencing ongoing threats of deforestation and degradation. There is an urgent need to determine how the conversion from primary forest to secondary forest coverage may impact C stocks and cycling. While old-growth forests typically contain larger stores of C aboveground than secondary forests, past research has found varied results for belowground soil C storage and fluxes between tropical forest types. We examined differences in annual soil C efflux in a 2-ha old-growth and an adjacent 2-ha 70-year-old secondary ForestGEO plots in Bukit Timah Nature Reserve in Singapore. We hypothesized that the secondary forest would have greater soil C efflux rates than the old-growth forest and explored several potential drivers of soil C efflux including abiotic and biotic factors such as soil moisture, fine root biomass, and ectomycorrhizal association. We found that the hypothesis was supported, suggesting that belowground carbon dynamics fundamentally differ with forest age. Additionally, we found that fine root biomass was the best predictor of soil C efflux in the secondary forest and soil moisture in the old-growth forest. The difference in soil C efflux between forest types indicates that with continued degradation of old-growth forests in Southeast Asia, conversion of old-growth forests into secondary forests may drive greater C loss from soils even after 70 years of regrowth.
热带森林在调节全球碳循环和气候方面发挥着至关重要的作用。东南亚热带森林正面临着森林砍伐和退化的持续威胁。迫切需要确定从原生林到次生林覆盖的转换如何影响碳储量和循环。虽然原生林通常比次生林含有更多的地上碳储量,但过去的研究发现,热带森林类型之间地下土壤碳储量和通量的结果各不相同。我们研究了新加坡武吉知马自然保护区一个2公顷的原生林和相邻的2公顷70年的次生ForestGEO地块年土壤C外流的差异。我们假设次生林比原生林具有更大的土壤碳外排速率,并探讨了土壤碳外排的几种潜在驱动因素,包括土壤湿度、细根生物量和外生菌根关联等非生物和生物因素。我们发现这一假设得到了支持,表明地下碳动态与森林年龄存在根本差异。此外,我们发现细根生物量是次生林土壤碳通量和原生林土壤水分的最佳预测因子。不同森林类型间土壤碳外排的差异表明,随着东南亚原生林的持续退化,即使在70年的再生后,原生林向次生林的转变也可能导致土壤中碳的更大损失。
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引用次数: 0
A maximum entropy approach to defining geographic bounds on growth and yield model usage 用最大熵方法定义生长和产量模型使用的地理界限
3区 农林科学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1215713
W. Spencer Peay, Bronson P. Bullock, Cristian R. Montes
Growth and yield models are essential tools in modern forestry, especially for intensively managed loblolly pine plantations in the southeastern United States. While model developers often have a good idea of where these models should be used with respect to geographic location, determining geographic bounds for model usage can be daunting. Such bounds provide suitable areas where model predictions are likely to behave as expected or identify areas where models may do a poor job of characterizing the growth of a resource. In this research, we adapted a niche model methodology, commonly used to identify suitable spots for species occurrence (maximum entropy), to identify areas for using growth and yield models built from plots established in the Lower Coastal Plain and Piedmont/Upper Coastal Plain in the southeastern United States. The results from this analysis identify areas with similar climatic envelopes and soil properties to the areas where data was collected to fit these growth and yield models. These areas show notable overlap with the areas prescribed for use by the evaluated growth and yield models and support practitioners use of these models throughout these regions. Furthermore, this methodology can be applied to different forest models built using large regional extents as long as climatic and soil values are available for each site.
生长和产量模型是现代林业的基本工具,特别是对美国东南部集约化管理的火炬松人工林。虽然模型开发人员通常很清楚这些模型应该在地理位置的什么地方使用,但是确定模型使用的地理范围可能会令人望而生畏。这样的界限提供了合适的区域,在这些区域中,模型的预测可能表现得与预期一致,或者确定了模型在描述资源增长方面可能做得不好的区域。在这项研究中,我们采用了一种常用的生态位模型方法来确定物种发生的合适地点(最大熵),以确定在美国东南部的下海岸平原和山前/上海岸平原建立的生长和产量模型的区域。该分析的结果确定了与收集数据以适应这些生长和产量模型的地区具有相似气候包络和土壤特性的地区。这些区域与经评估的生长和产量模型规定使用的区域有明显的重叠,并支持从业者在这些区域使用这些模型。此外,只要每个地点都有气候和土壤值,这种方法就可以应用于使用大区域范围建立的不同森林模型。
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引用次数: 0
Rhizosphere mycobiome diversity in four declining Mediterranean tree species 地中海四种衰退树种的根际真菌群落多样性
3区 农林科学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1215701
Sergio Diez-Hermano, Jorge Poveda, Jonatan Niño-Sanchez, Irene Teresa Bocos-Asenjo, Álvaro Peix, Pablo Martín-Pinto, Julio Javier Diez
Introduction Forests in the Mediterranean basin are currently in decline. Their resilience has been eroded as a result of climate change and anthropogenic impacts, making them vulnerable to increasingly frequent episodes of drought, fire and the spread of pests and diseases. The impact of these natural and anthropogenic events on soil biodiversity is of particular concern, as the soil fungal community plays a key role in ecosystem homeostasis. Objectives and methods In order to analyse the relationship between soil health status and fungal diversity, soil samples were collected from declining Mediterranean forests of Castanea sativa (chestnut), Quercus ilex (holm oak), Quercus suber (cork oak) and Quercus pyrenaica (Pyrenean oak). A metabarcoding study was carried out by sequencing the ITS genomic region. Results A total of 674 fungal genera were found. It has not been possible to explain the differences in health status from the fungal genera found exclusively on declining forest soils, as none of them have been described as pathogenic. Healthy chestnut soils were characterized by a high alpha diversity and a higher abundance of the genus Metarhizium . No differentially abundant genera were found in any of the other forest species tested. Declining chestnut soils harbored more abundance of ectomycorrhizae and soil saprotrophs than healthy samples. Ectomycorrhizae were the dominant lifestyle in all oak species regardless of health status, whereas arbuscular mycorrhizae were preferentially found in declining cork oak soils. Discussion This work highlights the resilience of fungal communities of soil against decline and highlights the need to further investigate its relationship with the forest’s ability to cope with the challenges of climate change.
地中海盆地的森林目前正在减少。由于气候变化和人为影响,它们的复原力受到侵蚀,使它们容易受到日益频繁的干旱、火灾和病虫害蔓延的影响。这些自然和人为事件对土壤生物多样性的影响尤其值得关注,因为土壤真菌群落在生态系统稳态中起着关键作用。目的与方法为分析土壤健康状况与真菌多样性的关系,对地中海衰败的板栗(Castanea sativa)、冬青栎(Quercus ilex)、栓皮栎(Quercus suber)和庇里牛斯栎(Quercus pyrenaica)森林进行了土壤样品采集。元条形码研究通过测序ITS基因组区域进行。结果共检出真菌属674个。不可能解释只在退化的森林土壤中发现的真菌属在健康状况方面的差异,因为它们都没有被描述为致病性的。健康板栗土壤具有较高的α多样性和较高的绿僵菌属丰度。在其他测试的森林物种中没有发现差异丰富的属。衰败栗子土中外生菌根和腐养菌的丰度高于健康栗子土。无论健康状况如何,外生菌根在所有栎树种中都是主要的生活方式,而丛枝菌根在衰退的栎树土壤中优先存在。这项工作强调了土壤真菌群落对衰退的恢复能力,并强调了进一步研究其与森林应对气候变化挑战能力之间关系的必要性。
{"title":"Rhizosphere mycobiome diversity in four declining Mediterranean tree species","authors":"Sergio Diez-Hermano, Jorge Poveda, Jonatan Niño-Sanchez, Irene Teresa Bocos-Asenjo, Álvaro Peix, Pablo Martín-Pinto, Julio Javier Diez","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1215701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1215701","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Forests in the Mediterranean basin are currently in decline. Their resilience has been eroded as a result of climate change and anthropogenic impacts, making them vulnerable to increasingly frequent episodes of drought, fire and the spread of pests and diseases. The impact of these natural and anthropogenic events on soil biodiversity is of particular concern, as the soil fungal community plays a key role in ecosystem homeostasis. Objectives and methods In order to analyse the relationship between soil health status and fungal diversity, soil samples were collected from declining Mediterranean forests of Castanea sativa (chestnut), Quercus ilex (holm oak), Quercus suber (cork oak) and Quercus pyrenaica (Pyrenean oak). A metabarcoding study was carried out by sequencing the ITS genomic region. Results A total of 674 fungal genera were found. It has not been possible to explain the differences in health status from the fungal genera found exclusively on declining forest soils, as none of them have been described as pathogenic. Healthy chestnut soils were characterized by a high alpha diversity and a higher abundance of the genus Metarhizium . No differentially abundant genera were found in any of the other forest species tested. Declining chestnut soils harbored more abundance of ectomycorrhizae and soil saprotrophs than healthy samples. Ectomycorrhizae were the dominant lifestyle in all oak species regardless of health status, whereas arbuscular mycorrhizae were preferentially found in declining cork oak soils. Discussion This work highlights the resilience of fungal communities of soil against decline and highlights the need to further investigate its relationship with the forest’s ability to cope with the challenges of climate change.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135093861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Forest is integral to life”: people-forest relations in the lower river region, the Gambia “森林是生命不可或缺的一部分”:冈比亚河下游地区的人与森林的关系
3区 农林科学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1181013
Sarata Darboe, Lamin Manneh, Nataliya Stryamets, Baiba Prūse, Andrea Pieroni, Renata Sõukand, Giulia Mattalia
Introduction Forests play a crucial role in the lives of millions of people worldwide by providing material and non-material contributions. Despite forests’ paramount importance from ecological, economic, and cultural perspectives, the long-term relationship between forests and local communities living in their proximity is often an undervalued contribution to our understanding of local ecological knowledge systems and forest changes. Methods We studied the interrelationships between the Mandinka peoples and forests in an understudied area of West Africa, the Gambia’s Lower River Region (LRR). Through 35 semi-structured interviews, we documented the forests’ contributions to local Mandinka peoples and their perception of forest changes. We also used geographic information systems (GIS software) for remote sensing satellite imagery to establish a baseline for these complex connections and changes. Results This research revealed the crucial importance of the forest’s contributions to Mandinka communities and specifically to their psychological well-being. In addition, the interviewees revealed how ongoing socio-economic changes are affecting the human-forest relationship and possibly eroding the local ethnoforestry knowledge in the LRR of the Gambia. The most common forest contributions are those that provide material goods, serving as the driving force in connecting people with the forest, while non-material contributions are eroding due to complex socio-economic changes. Major socio-economic changes are also believed to drive the shift from dense forest to mixed forest and grassland. Discussion In line with the state of the art, the knowledge and perception of changes documented in this article underline the quintessential need to include local communities’ views in shaping forest management, in order to better fine-tune the strategies to safeguard biocultural diversity across forest areas.
森林通过提供物质和非物质贡献,在全世界数百万人的生活中发挥着至关重要的作用。尽管从生态、经济和文化的角度来看,森林具有至关重要的意义,但森林与邻近的当地社区之间的长期关系对我们了解当地生态知识系统和森林变化的贡献往往被低估。方法在西非冈比亚河下游地区(LRR)研究了Mandinka人与森林的相互关系。通过35次半结构化访谈,我们记录了森林对当地曼丁卡人的贡献以及他们对森林变化的看法。我们还使用遥感卫星图像的地理信息系统(GIS软件)来为这些复杂的联系和变化建立基线。结果本研究揭示了森林对曼丁卡人社区的贡献,特别是对他们的心理健康的重要性。此外,受访者还揭示了正在进行的社会经济变化如何影响人与森林的关系,并可能侵蚀冈比亚LRR地区当地的民族林业知识。最常见的森林贡献是提供物质产品,作为将人与森林联系起来的驱动力,而非物质贡献由于复杂的社会经济变化而正在受到侵蚀。重大的社会经济变化也被认为推动了从茂密森林到混交林和草地的转变。根据目前的技术状况,本文所记录的知识和对变化的认识强调了在制定森林管理时纳入当地社区观点的基本需要,以便更好地调整保护森林地区生物文化多样性的战略。
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引用次数: 0
Precise aboveground biomass estimation of plantation forest trees using the novel allometric model and UAV-borne LiDAR 利用新型异速生长模型和无人机载激光雷达精确估算人工林树木地上生物量
3区 农林科学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1166349
Jiayuan Lin, Decao Chen, Shuai Yang, Xiaohan Liao
Introduction Plantation forest is an important component of global forest resources. The accurate estimation of tree aboveground biomass (AGB) in plantation forest is of great significance for evaluating the carbon sequestration capacity. In recent years, UAV-borne LiDAR has been increasingly applied to forest survey, but the traditional allometric model for AGB estimation cannot be directly used without the diameter at breast height (DBH) of individual trees. Therefore, it is practicable to construct a novel allometric model incorporating the crown structure parameters, which can be precisely extracted from UAV LiDAR data. Additionally, the reduction effect of adjacent trees on crown area (A c ) should be taken into account. Methods In this study, we proposed an allometric model depending on the predictor variables of A c and trunk height (H). The UAV-borne LiDAR was utilized to scan the sample plot of dawn redwood (DR) trees in the test site. The raw point cloud was first normalized and segmented into individual trees, whose A c s and Hs were sequentially extracted. To mitigate the effects of adjacent trees, the initial A c s were corrected to refer to the potential maximum A c s under undisturbed growth conditions. Finally, the corrected A c s (A cc ) and Hs were input into the constructed allometric model to achieve the AGBs of DR trees. Results and discussion According to accuracy assessment, coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) and root mean square error (RMSE) of extracted Hs were 0.9688 and 0.51 m; R 2 and RMSE of calculated AGBs were 0.9432 and 10.91 kg. The unrestricted growth parts of the tree crowns at the edge of a plantation forest could be used to derive the potential maximum A c . Compared with the allometric models for AGB estimation relying only on trunk H or on initial A c and H, the novel allometric model demonstrated superior performance in estimating the AGBs of trees in a plantation forest.
人工林是全球森林资源的重要组成部分。人工林地上生物量的准确估算对评价人工林的固碳能力具有重要意义。近年来,UAV-borne LiDAR在森林调查中的应用越来越广泛,但传统的异速生长模型无法在没有单株胸径(DBH)的情况下直接用于AGB估计。因此,构建一种包含冠状结构参数的新型异速生长模型是可行的,该模型可以从无人机激光雷达数据中精确提取。此外,还应考虑邻近树木对树冠面积(A c)的减少作用。方法利用无人机机载激光雷达(UAV-borne LiDAR)对试验区的黎明红木(DR)样地进行扫描,建立了以A c和树干高度(H)为预测变量的异速生长模型。首先将原始点云归一化并分割成独立的树,依次提取树的A、c、s和h。为了减轻邻近树木的影响,将初始碳碳比修正为未受干扰生长条件下的潜在最大碳碳比。最后,将校正后的A c s (A cc)和h输入到构建的异速生长模型中,实现DR树的agb。结果与讨论根据准确度评估,提取Hs的决定系数(r2)和均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.9688和0.51 m;计算agb的r2和RMSE分别为0.9432和10.91 kg。人工林边缘的树冠不受限制的生长部分可以用来计算潜在的最大碳排放。与仅依赖树干H或初始A c和H的异速生长估算模型相比,该模型在估算人工林树木的AGB方面表现出更优的性能。
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Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
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