Frontiers in Public Health最新文献

Background: Mercury poisoning remains a serious public health issue due to its multiple exposure routes and diverse clinical presentations. However, existing clinical evidence is fragmented, especially regarding real-world case data. This study addresses the gap by systematically reviewing global case reports to analyze clinical features, diagnosis, and treatments, thereby offering more robust evidence for clinical practice.

Methods: Case reports of diseases caused by accidental mercury exposure, published from January 1950 to April 2025, were identified through a comprehensive search of three electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Following quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool, data extraction was conducted on demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, exposure sources, treatment modalities, and patient outcomes to facilitate further analysis.

Results: This study analyzed 80 articles encompassing 126 cases of mercury poisoning, involving 61 males, 60 females, and 5 cases of unspecified sex. Patient ages ranged from 45-day-old neonates to 88-year-old adults. Clinical manifestations were diverse, primarily featuring systemic, respiratory, neurological, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Domestic/environmental exposure was the most common poisoning route (59.5%), followed by medical/iatrogenic exposure (16.7%) and occupational exposure (13.5%). Elemental and inorganic mercury were the predominant forms involved. Treatment primarily included chelation therapy, supportive care, and pharmacological interventions. Chelating agents were administered to 84.1% of patients, with DMSA, Dimercaprol (BAL), DMPS, and D-penicillamine being the most frequently used. Outcomes included complete recovery in 48.4% of cases, death in 13.5%, and long-term sequelae in some patients.

Conclusion: Mercury poisoning induces severe and multisystemic symptoms, notably neurological damage. Public awareness remains insufficient, and universally accepted diagnostic criteria are still lacking. This study highlights the urgent need to enhance public education, refine clinical guidance, and advance research toward standardized management protocols.

Systematic review registration: CRD420251133420.

The environmental color, as a core visual environment element of living streets, has significant impacts on the users' psychology and spatial perception. The seasonal variations in living streets' environmental color are poorly understood, with existing literature mainly focusing on the warmer seasons. Meanwhile lacking natural experiences, outdoor activities and lights caused by cold climate, residents develop more urgent need to derive psychological support from their daily environment. This study firstly quantified eight streetscape color metrics using the K-means algorithm, then measured positive emotions by collecting human-factor signals and subjective evaluations. Subsequently, the mutual influences between the two were analyzed to address the effects of street interface color on positive emotions in winter. The results showed that: (1) Females exhibit significantly stronger positive emotional responses than males to winter street interface color; (2) Snow-free conditions generate markedly greater positive affect than snow-covered scenes; (3) The primary color saturation, primary color value, secondary color hue, secondary color value, and color harmony of winter street interface colors were significantly negatively correlated with positive emotions, while color complexity was significantly positively correlated positive emotions. These findings can provide urban planners and managers with theoretical basis and practical guidance for winter streetscape design, ultimately enhancing residents' well-being and quality of life in winter.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1672645.].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1698477.].

This study investigates how false fitness and supplement claims shape judgment and behavioral intention through cue-based interface features and considers the implications for public health. In a randomized online experiment (N = 630), participants viewed simulated social-media advertisements that manipulated authority endorsement, scarcity framing, and conformity cues in a 2 × 2 × 2 design, along with a truthful control condition. Heuristic trust (M = 4.50, SD = 0.60) and perceived credibility (M = 6.54, SD = 0.44) were generally high and were closely linked to lower risk perception (M = 1.79, SD = 0.39) and stronger purchase intention (M = 5.02, SD = 0.68). Structural modeling showed that risk perception exerted a substantial negative association with intention, and the indirect pathway from heuristic trust to intention through risk perception was statistically reliable (indirect effect = 0.279, 95% CI [0.230, 0.329]). Regarding conditional effects, health literacy showed a consistent pattern in which higher literacy was associated with a stronger negative slope of risk perception on intention, although the interaction term was not statistically significant in the moderation model. Across conditions, persuasive impact was driven largely by interface cues and social validation signals rather than by the credibility of evidentiary content. These findings suggest that if persuasive cue structures remain unregulated in online health-related advertising, repeated exposure may gradually normalize low perceived risk and heighten purchase intention, posing longer-term challenges for consumer protection and public-health governance.

Some people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) experience insufficient increases in CD4 + T cell counts after antiretroviral therapy (ART), a clinical manifestation referred to as incomplete immune reconstitution (INR). INR significantly increases in the incidence of AIDS and non-AIDS events and profoundly affects the life expectancy and quality of life of PLWH. Recent studies have indicated that intestinal microecology plays a crucial role in immune reconstitution through multiple pathways. This review summarizes several mechanisms through which intestinal microecology contributes to impaired immune reconstitution in PLWH, including changes in microbiota composition, variations in intestinal metabolic products, and damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier. Additionally, intervention strategies such as fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, and traditional Chinese medicine are proposed. These innovative therapeutic approaches hold promise for overcoming the limitations of conventional treatments, providing clinicians with a scientific basis for personalized therapeutic strategies and researchers with theoretical guidance for exploring novel mechanisms and research methods. Ultimately, these efforts aim to improve the prognosis and quality of life for PLWH and reduce the global public health burden posed by HIV-1 infection.

Introduction: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is increasingly used in clinical and research settings, often requiring the operator to remain in close proximity to the stimulation coil. While regulatory guidelines exist for patient safety, the workplace exposure assessment, particularly its dependence on operator anatomy, remains limited. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the electric field (E-field) induced in TMS operators under realistic working conditions, with a focus on how inter-subject anatomical variability affects compliance with international safety guidelines.

Methods: Numerical simulations were performed using four anatomically detailed virtual human models exposed to a circular TMS coil in clinically relevant positions. Two coil heights (chest and abdomen) and three coil-to-operator distances (12 cm, 22 cm, 40 cm) were analyzed. The induced E-field was computed using magneto-quasi-static solvers, and the results were compared with the ICNIRP basic restriction for occupational exposure (1.13 V/m) and with the experimental threshold for peripheral neurostimulation (4 V/m). Whole-body percentiles, localized distributions, and anatomical cross-sections were evaluated to characterize inter-subject variability.

Results: At 40 cm, all models and exposure scenarios were compliant with ICNIRP limits. At 22 cm, most configurations remained compliant, though some models slightly exceeded the reference level, particularly in the abdominal region. At 12 cm, the induced E-field systematically exceeded the occupational limit across all models, while remaining below the neurostimulation threshold. Anatomical features, such as subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness and tissue discontinuities, were found to strongly influence field localization and intensity, especially at closer distances.

Conclusion: Operator exposure to TMS is influenced by both coil positioning and individual anatomical characteristics. While increasing distance ensures compliance and reduces variability, closer configurations may require tailored assessments or mitigation strategies. These findings highlight the importance of considering inter-subject variability in the evaluation of operator exposure and suggest that anatomical models may underestimate variability in real clinical contexts. A limitation of this study is the assumption of a static operator not manually holding the coil, a common condition in clinical practice that warrants further investigation.

Maneb, a typical dithiocarbamate pesticide, is widely used in the control of agricultural fungi in lands. Its residues with main metabolites in environmental media pose risks to environmental safety and human health. This research summarized the research progress on the environmental residues, human exposure levels, neurotoxic effects and mechanisms of maneb. Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to maneb is associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). In vitro and in vivo experiments have further demonstrated that exposure to maneb induces neurotoxic effects in cells and animals, involving multiple injury pathways and molecular mechanisms, including reduced cell viability, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic dysfunction, and induction of apoptosis, ultimately leading to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Future research can focus on the systemic comprehensive toxicity and interaction mechanisms of maneb to promote its safe application in agricultural production.

Introduction: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a multidimensional measure encompassing physical, psychological, and social functioning. Information on its predictors will help to identify the strategies for improving the quality of life of the affected population. The objective of the study was to determine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of rural adults using the EQ-5D-5L index and to identify its key predictors.

Methods: This cross-sectional census enumeration study included all eligible residents from all 35 villages under Male Primary Health Centre (PHC) in Mulshi block, Pune district, Western Maharashtra, India. All permanent residents aged 30 years or older who consented to participate were included in the study. The trained Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers administered a pretested, validated questionnaire during house-to-house visits. They collected sociodemographic, housing information, tobacco use, and morbidity patterns among these residents. Multivariate regression analysis was utilized to determine the predictors of HRQoL.

Results: Of 11,348 participants enrolled (with a response rate of 93.4%), the mean EQ-5D-5L index score was 0.94 ± 0.17 (SD); 36.8% reported some to severe impairments in at least one dimension. The most affected dimensions were pain/discomfort (28.3%) and anxiety/depression (21.9%). Participants over 60 years old, illiterate, non-earning, those with chronic morbidities, and those who use unclean fuel were found to be significantly associated with impairement in EQ-5D-5L. These factors affected nearly all dimensions of the EQ-5D-5L.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates that approximately one-third (36.8%) of the rural adult population experiences impairment in at least one dimension of health-related quality of life. The key factors were age above 60 years, illiteracy, non-earning status, and those with at least one chronic morbidity. These findings have significant implications for targeted public health interventions that can address modifiable risk factors and enhance chronic disease management in rural areas.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between bilateral lower extremity explosive strength asymmetry and non-contact low back injuries in mine rescue workers, a specialized occupational group.

Methods: A single-leg countermovement jump (SLCMJ) test was performed on 101 rescue members who had participated in frontline rescue missions, using a force platform. The collected force platform data were used to calculate lower limb asymmetry. Injury incidence was measured by recording all non-contact low back injuries occurring during routine training or rescue operations over a 12-month follow-up period. Jump metrics (including eccentric peak force, vertical velocity at takeoff, peak takeoff acceleration, and takeoff peak force) associated with non-contact low back injuries were identified through Poisson regression analysis, and the optimal threshold for predicting injuries was determined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results: Bilateral takeoff peak force asymmetry significantly increased the risk of non-contact low back injury. Each 1% increase in asymmetry raised the injury risk by 18.5% (RR = 1.185, 95% CI: 1.091-1.288, p < 0.001), equivalent to an absolute increase of 3.2% (RD = 0.032, 95% CI: 0.009-0.056). Using the optimal threshold of 7.05% for risk stratification, rescue workers in the high-risk group had a 3.6 times higher injury risk than the low-risk group (RR = 3.64, 95% CI: 1.353-9.832, p = 0.011), corresponding to an absolute risk difference of 24.1% (RD = 0.241, 95% CI: 0.073-0.409).

Conclusion: The interlimb asymmetry measured during the single-leg countermovement jump can be used to predict the risk of non-contact low back injuries in mine rescue workers over a 12-month follow-up period. Particular emphasis should be placed on the interlimb asymmetry of takeoff peak force.