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Corrigendum to “Differential regulation of the luteinizing hormone genes in teleosts and tetrapods due to their distinct genomic environments – Insights into gonadotropin beta subunit evolution” [Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 173 (2011) 253–258] 对 "远足目动物和四足动物黄体生成素基因的不同调控是由于其不同的基因组环境造成的--对促性腺激素β亚基进化的启示 "的更正 [Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114564
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引用次数: 0
Sirenian (manatees and dugongs) reproductive endocrinology 海牛(海牛和儒艮)生殖内分泌学。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114575
Elizabeth Brammer-Robbins , Jonathan R. Cowart , Monica Calderon , Elizabeth A. Burgess , Iskande V. Larkin , Christopher J. Martyniuk

Reproductive hormones are essential to mating systems, behavior, fertility, gestation, parturition, and lactation in mammals and understanding the role of hormones in these processes is essential for species conservation. Sirenia is a unique order of marine mammals that include manatees, dugongs, and the extinct Steller’s sea cow. Extant Sirenian species are all listed as vulnerable due to habitat loss, cold stress, boat strike trauma, harmful algal bloom toxicity, entanglements, and illegal hunting. Therefore, successful reproduction is essential to maintaining and increasing Sirenian populations. Understanding Sirenian reproductive behavior, endocrinology, and mating strategies will aid conservation and management efforts to protect and provide the proper conditions for successful reproduction. The objectives of this review were to synthesize the current knowledge regarding reproductive cycles and endocrinology of Sirenians and identify knowledge gaps for future investigation. The current literature on Sirenian reproductive physiology reports reproductive seasonality, sexual maturation, estrous cyclicity and acyclicity, pregnancy, and sex differences. However, there remain significant knowledge gaps on the cyclicity and pulsatile release of gonadotropins, maturation in females, and characterization of pregnancy hormone profiles throughout gestation. To date, there is no explanation for confirmed pattern for ovarian acyclicity, nor understanding of the function of the numerous accessory corpus luteum described in manatees. Research including a greater number of longitudinal and postmortem studies on a wider variety of wild manatee populations are important first steps. Taken together, understanding the reproductive endocrinology of these vulnerable and threatened species is critical for policy and management decisions to better inform protection initiatives.

生殖激素对哺乳动物的交配系统、行为、生育能力、妊娠、分娩和哺乳至关重要,了解激素在这些过程中的作用对物种保护至关重要。海牛是一种独特的海洋哺乳动物,包括海牛、儒艮和已经灭绝的斯特勒海牛。由于栖息地丧失、寒冷压力、船只撞击创伤、有害藻华毒性、缠绕和非法捕猎等原因,现存的海牛物种都被列为易危物种。因此,成功的繁殖对维持和增加海马的数量至关重要。了解海马的繁殖行为、内分泌学和交配策略将有助于保护和管理工作,为成功繁殖提供适当的条件。本综述的目的是综合目前有关海马类动物生殖周期和内分泌学的知识,并确定未来调查的知识差距。目前有关海马生殖生理的文献报道了生殖季节性、性成熟、发情周期和非周期性、妊娠和性别差异。然而,在促性腺激素的周期性和脉冲式释放、雌性的成熟以及整个妊娠期的妊娠激素特征方面,仍然存在很大的知识差距。迄今为止,尚无法解释卵巢非周期性的模式,也不了解海牛体内大量附属黄体的功能。对更多野生海牛种群进行纵向和死后研究是重要的第一步。总之,了解这些脆弱和濒危物种的生殖内分泌学对政策和管理决策至关重要,以便更好地为保护措施提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative analysis of testicular fusion in Spodoptera litura (cutworm) and Bombyx mori (silkworm): Histological and transcriptomic insights 切虫和家蚕睾丸融合的比较分析:组织学和转录组学见解。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114562
Yaqun Dong, Lihua Huang, Lin Liu

Spodoptera litura commonly known as the cutworm, is among the most destructive lepidopteran pests affecting over 120 plants species. The powerful destructive nature of this lepidopteran is attributable to its high reproductive capacity. The testicular fusion that occurs during metamorphosis from larvae to pupa in S.litura positively influences the reproductive success of the offspring. In contrast, Bombyx mori, the silkworm, retains separate testes throughout its life and does not undergo this fusion process. Microscopic examination reveals that during testicular fusion in S.litura, the peritoneal sheath becomes thinner and more translucent, whereas in B.mori, the analogous region thickens. The outer basement membrane in S.litura exhibits fractures, discontinuity, and uneven thickness accompanied by a significant presence of cellular secretions, large cell size, increased vesicles, liquid droplets, and a proliferation of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. In contrast, the testicular peritoneal sheath of B.mori at comparable developmental stage exhibits minimal change. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the testicular peritoneal sheath reveals a substantial difference in gene expression between the two species. The disparity in differential expressed genes (DEGs) is linked to an enrichment of numerous transcription factors, intracellular signaling pathways involving Ca2+ and GTPase, as well as intracellular protein transport and signaling pathways. Meanwhile, structural proteins including actin, chitin-binding proteins, membrane protein fractions, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix proteins are predominantly identified. Moreover, the study highlights the enrichment of endopeptidases, serine proteases, proteolytic enzymes and matrix metalloproteins, which may play a role in the degradation of the outer membrane. Five transcription factors-Slforkhead, Slproline, Slcyclic, Slsilk, and SlD-ETS were identified, and their expression pattern were confirmed by qRT-PCR. they are candidates for participating in the regulation of testicular fusion. Our findings underscore significant morphological and trancriptomic variation in the testicular peritoneal sheath of S.litura compared to the silkworm, with substantial changes at the transcriptomic level coinciding with testicular fusion. The research provides valuable clues for understanding the complex mechanisms underlying this unique phenomenon in insects.

Spodoptera litura 俗称切虫,是最具破坏性的鳞翅目害虫之一,影响 120 多种植物。这种鳞翅目害虫之所以具有强大的破坏力,是因为它的繁殖能力很强。S.litura 从幼虫到蛹的变态过程中发生的睾丸融合对后代的繁殖成功率有积极影响。相比之下,蚕蛾一生中都保留着独立的睾丸,不会经历这种融合过程。显微镜检查发现,在李氏蚕的睾丸融合过程中,腹膜鞘变得更薄、更半透明,而在桑蚕中,类似区域会变厚。S.litura 的外基底膜出现断裂、不连续性和厚度不均,并伴有大量细胞分泌物、细胞体积增大、囊泡增多、液滴以及粗面内质网和线粒体的增殖。相比之下,处于类似发育阶段的森蛙睾丸腹膜鞘则变化甚微。对睾丸腹膜鞘进行的转录组学比较分析表明,这两个物种的基因表达存在很大差异。差异表达基因(DEGs)的差异与许多转录因子、涉及 Ca2+ 和 GTPase 的细胞内信号通路以及细胞内蛋白质转运和信号通路的富集有关。同时,结构蛋白(包括肌动蛋白、几丁质结合蛋白、膜蛋白组分、细胞粘附、细胞外基质蛋白)也得到了主要鉴定。此外,研究还突出了内肽酶、丝氨酸蛋白酶、蛋白水解酶和基质金属蛋白的富集,它们可能在外膜降解中发挥作用。我们发现了五个转录因子--Slforkhead、Slproline、Slcyclic、Slsilk和SlD-ETS,并通过qRT-PCR证实了它们的表达模式。我们的研究结果表明,与家蚕相比,石蚕的睾丸腹膜鞘在形态学和转录组学方面存在显著差异,转录组水平的实质性变化与睾丸融合相吻合。这项研究为了解昆虫这一独特现象的复杂机制提供了宝贵的线索。
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引用次数: 0
CRISPR/Cas9-induced LEAP2 and GHSR1a knockout mutant zebrafish displayed abnormal growth and impaired lipid metabolism CRISPR/Cas9诱导的LEAP2和GHSR1a基因敲除突变斑马鱼表现出生长异常和脂质代谢障碍。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114563
Yueyue Fei , Zhonggui Bao , Qin Wang , Yihong Zhu , Jigang Lu , Linyue Ouyang , Quiqin Hu , Yan Zhou , Liangbiao Chen

Investigating the principles of fish fat deposition and conducting related research are current focal points in fish nutrition. This study explores the endocrine regulation of LEAP2 and GHSR1a in zebrafish by constructing mutant models and examining the effects of the endocrine factors LEAP2 and its receptor GHSR1a on zebrafish growth, feeding, and liver fat deposition. Compared to the wild type (WT), the mutation of LEAP2 results in increased feeding and decreased swimming in zebrafish. The impact is more pronounced in adult female zebrafish, characterized by increased weight, length, width, and accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver. In contrast, deficiency in GHSR1a significantly reduces the growth of male zebrafish and markedly decreases liver fat deposition. These research findings indicate the crucial roles of LEAP2 and GHSR1a in zebrafish feeding, growth, and intracellular fat metabolism. This study, for the first time, investigated the endocrine metabolic regulation functions of LEAP2 and GHSR1a in the model organism zebrafish, providing initial insights into their effects and potential mechanisms on zebrafish fat metabolism.

探究鱼类脂肪沉积的原理并开展相关研究是当前鱼类营养学的重点。本研究通过构建突变模型,探讨内分泌因子LEAP2及其受体GHSR1a对斑马鱼生长、摄食和肝脏脂肪沉积的影响,从而探索斑马鱼LEAP2和GHSR1a的内分泌调控。与野生型(WT)相比,LEAP2 的突变会导致斑马鱼摄食增加和游泳减少。这些研究结果表明,LEAP2 和 GHSR1a 在斑马鱼的摄食、生长和细胞内脂肪代谢中起着至关重要的作用。该研究首次在模式生物斑马鱼体内研究了LEAP2和GHSR1a的内分泌代谢调节功能,初步揭示了它们对斑马鱼脂肪代谢的影响和潜在机制。
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引用次数: 0
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β): A master signal pathway in teleost sex determination 转化生长因子-β(TGF-β):远志动物性别决定过程中的主信号途径
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114561
Haiyang Yu , Xinxin Du , Xue Chen , Longxue Liu , Xubo Wang

Sex determination and differentiation in fish has always been a hot topic in genetic breeding of aquatic animals. With the advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) in recent years, sex chromosomes and sex determining genes can be efficiently identified in teleosts. To date, master sex determination genes have been elucidated in 114 species, of which 72 species have sex determination genes belonging to TGF-β superfamily. TGF-β is the only signaling pathway that the largest proportion of components, which including ligands (amhy, gsdfy, gdf6), receptors (amhr, bmpr), and regulator (id2bby), have opportunity recognized as a sex determination gene. In this review, we focus on the recent studies about teleost sex-determination genes within TGF-β superfamily and propose several hypotheses on how these genes regulate sex determination process. Differing from other reviews, our review specifically devotes significant attention to all members of the TGF-β signal pathway, not solely the sex determination genes within the TGF-β superfamily. However, the functions of the paralogous genes of TGF superfamily are still needed ongoing research. Further studies are required to more accurately interpret the molecular mechanism of TGF-β superfamily sex determination genes.

鱼类的性别决定和分化一直是水生动物遗传育种的热门话题。近年来,随着新一代测序技术(NGS)的发展,性染色体和性别决定基因在远洋鱼类中得到了有效鉴定。迄今为止,已阐明了 114 个物种的主性别决定基因,其中 72 个物种的性别决定基因属于 TGF-β 超家族。TGF-β是唯一一个信号通路中,配体(amhy、gsdfy、gdf6)、受体(amhr、bmpr)和调节因子(id2bby)等成分比例最大的性别决定基因。在这篇综述中,我们重点讨论了有关 TGF-β 超家族中远缘动物性别决定基因的最新研究,并就这些基因如何调控性别决定过程提出了一些假设。与其他综述不同的是,我们的综述特别关注 TGF-β 信号通路的所有成员,而不仅仅是 TGF-β 超家族中的性别决定基因。然而,TGF-β超家族同源基因的功能仍需要不断研究。要更准确地解释 TGF-β 超家族性别决定基因的分子机制,还需要进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Functional characterization of growth hormone releasing hormone and its receptor in amphioxus with implication for origin of hypothalamic-pituitary axis 文昌鱼生长激素释放激素及其受体的功能特征及其对下丘脑-垂体轴起源的影响。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114560
Mengmeng Yi , Xiaohan Ji , Chaoyi Chen , Zhan Gao , Shicui Zhang

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) has been widely shown to stimulate growth hormone (GH) production via binding to GHRH receptor GHRHR in various species of vertebrates, but information regarding the functional roles of GHRH and GHRHR in the protochordate amphioxus remains rather scarce. We showed here that two mature peptides, BjGHRH-1 and BjGHRH-2, encoded by BjGHRH precursor, and a single BjGHRHR protein were identified in the amphioxus Branchiostoma. japonicum. Like the distribution profiles of vertebrate GHRHs and GHRHRs, both the genes Bjghrh and Bjghrhr were widely expressed in the different tissues of amphioxus, including in the cerebral vesicle, Hatschek’s pit, neural tube, gill, hepatic caecum, notochord, testis and ovary. Moreover, both BjGHRH-1 and BjGHRH-2 interacted with BjGHRHR, and triggered the cAMP/PKA signal pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, BjGHRH-1 and BjGHRH-2 were both able to activate the expression of GH-like gene in the cells of Hatschek’s pit. These indicate that a functional vertebrate-like GHRH-GHRHR axis had already emerged in amphioxus, which is a seminal innovation making physiological divergence including reproduction, growth, metabolism, stress and osmoregulation possible during the early evolution of vertebrates.

生长激素释放激素(GHRH)通过与不同脊椎动物的GHRH受体GHRHR结合而刺激生长激素(GH)的产生,但有关GHRH和GHRHR在原脊动物文昌鱼中的功能作用的信息仍然相当匮乏。我们的研究表明,在文昌鱼Branchiostoma.japonicum中发现了由BjGHRH前体编码的两种成熟肽--BjGHRH-1和BjGHRH-2,以及单一的BjGHRHR蛋白。与脊椎动物GHRHs和GHRHRs的分布特征一样,Bjghrh和Bjghrhr基因在文昌鱼的不同组织中广泛表达,包括脑泡、哈氏窝、神经管、鳃、肝盲肠、脊索、睾丸和卵巢。此外,BjGHRH-1和BjGHRH-2都与BjGHRHR相互作用,并以剂量依赖的方式触发cAMP/PKA信号通路。重要的是,BjGHRH-1和BjGHRH-2都能激活哈氏窝细胞中GH样基因的表达。这表明文昌鱼中已经出现了类似脊椎动物的功能性GHRH-GHRHR轴,这是脊椎动物早期进化过程中包括繁殖、生长、新陈代谢、应激和渗透调节在内的生理分化的开创性创新。
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引用次数: 0
Differential expression of steroid-related genes across electrosensory brain regions in two sexually dimorphic species of electric knifefish 两种性双态电刀鱼脑电感区类固醇相关基因的差异表达
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114549
Megan K. Freiler , Mikayla L. Deckard , Melissa R. Proffitt , G. Troy Smith

The production of communication signals can be modulated by hormones acting on the brain regions that regulate these signals. However, less is known about how signal perception is regulated by hormones. The electrocommunication signals of weakly electric fishes are sexually dimorphic, sensitive to hormones, and vary across species. The neural circuits that regulate the production and perception of these signals are also well-characterized, and electric fishes are thus an excellent model to examine the neuroendocrine regulation of sensorimotor mechanisms of communication. We investigated (1) whether steroid-related genes are expressed in sensory brain regions that process communication signals; and (2) whether this expression differs across sexes and species that have different patterns of sexual dimorphism in their signals. Apteronotus leptorhynchus and Apteronotus albifrons produce continuous electric organ discharges (EODs) that are used for communication. Two brain regions, the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL) and the dorsal torus semicircularis (TSd), process inputs from electroreceptors to allow fish to detect and discriminate electrocommunication signals. We used qPCR to quantify the expression of genes for two androgen receptors (ar1, ar2), two estrogen receptors (esr1, esr2b), and aromatase (cyp19a1b). Four out of five steroid-related genes were expressed in both sensory brain regions, and their expression often varied between sexes and species. These results suggest that expression of steroid-related genes in the brain may differentially influence how EOD signals are encoded across species and sexes, and that gonadal steroids may coordinately regulate central circuits that control both the production and perception of EODs.

荷尔蒙作用于调节通信信号的脑区,可以调节通信信号的产生。然而,人们对激素如何调节信号感知知之甚少。弱电鱼类的电通讯信号具有性双态性,对激素敏感,并且在不同物种之间存在差异。调控这些信号的产生和感知的神经回路也有很好的表征,因此电鱼是研究神经内分泌调控感觉运动交流机制的绝佳模型。我们研究了:(1) 类固醇相关基因是否在处理交流信号的感觉脑区表达;(2) 这种表达在不同性别和物种之间是否存在差异,因为不同物种的信号具有不同的性二态模式。飞龙(Apteronotus leptorhynchus)和飞龙(Apteronotus albifrons)会产生用于交流的连续电器官放电(EODs)。电感觉侧线叶(ELL)和背侧半环状环(TSd)这两个脑区处理来自电感受器的输入,使鱼类能够检测和分辨电通讯信号。我们使用 qPCR 对两种雄激素受体(ar1、ar2)、两种雌激素受体(esr1、esr2b)和芳香化酶(cyp19a1b)基因的表达进行了量化。五个类固醇相关基因中有四个在两个感官脑区都有表达,而且它们的表达往往因性别和物种而异。这些结果表明,类固醇相关基因在大脑中的表达可能会对不同物种和性别的 EOD 信号编码方式产生不同影响,而且性腺类固醇可能会协调调节控制 EOD 生成和感知的中枢回路。
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引用次数: 0
Role of microRNAs in pituitary gonadotrope cells 微小核糖核酸在垂体促性腺激素细胞中的作用
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114557
He Zou , Peimin Wang , Jinglin Zhang

The gonadotrope cells within the pituitary control vital processes of reproduction by producing follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Both external stimuli and internal regulatory factors contribute to the regulation of gonadotrope development and function. In recent years, growing evidences indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, play critical roles in multiple processes of gonadotrope development and function, including the syntheses of α or β subunits of FSH and LH, the secretion of LH, the regulation of GnRH signaling, and the maintenance of gonadotrope cell kinetics. Here, we review recent advances of miRNAs’ expression, functions and mechanisms approached by using miRNA knockout mouse models, in silico analysis and the in vitro cultures of primary pituitary cells and gonadotrope-derived cell lines. By summarizing and discussing different roles of miRNAs in gonadotropes, this minireview helps to gain insights into the complex molecular network in gonadotropes and reproduction.

垂体内的促性腺激素细胞通过分泌促卵泡激素(FSH)和促黄体生成素(LH)来控制重要的生殖过程。外部刺激和内部调节因素都有助于调节促性腺激素的发育和功能。近年来,越来越多的证据表明,转录后调控基因表达的微RNA(miRNA)在性腺发育和功能的多个过程中发挥着关键作用,包括FSH和LH的α或β亚基的合成、LH的分泌、GnRH信号的调控以及性腺细胞动力学的维持。在此,我们通过使用 miRNA 基因敲除小鼠模型、硅学分析以及原代垂体细胞和促性腺激素衍生细胞系的体外培养,回顾了 miRNA 的表达、功能和机制的最新进展。通过总结和讨论 miRNAs 在促性腺激素中的不同作用,本微综述有助于深入了解促性腺激素和生殖中复杂的分子网络。
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引用次数: 0
Androgen and glucocorticoid profiles throughout extended uniparental paternal care in the eastern hellbender salamander (Cryptobranchus a. alleganiensis) 东部地狱蝾螈(Cryptobranchus a. alleganiensis)的雄激素和糖皮质激素在整个延长的单亲父代照料过程中的分布。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114547
Brian F. Case , Jordy Groffen , Thomas M. Galligan , Catherine M. Bodinof Jachowski , John J. Hallagan , Sherry B. Hildreth , Valentina Alaasam , W. Keith Ray , Richard F. Helm , William A. Hopkins

The behavioral endocrinology associated with reproduction and uniparental male care has been studied in teleosts, but little is known about hormonal correlates of uniparental male care in other ectotherms. To address this gap, we are the first to document the seasonal steroid endocrinology of uniparental male hellbender salamanders during the transition from pre-breeding to nest initiation, and through the subsequent eight months of paternal care. In doing so, we investigated the correlates of nest fate and clutch size, exploring hellbenders’ alignment with several endocrinological patterns observed in uniparental male fish. Understanding the endocrinology of hellbender paternal care is also vital from a conservation perspective because high rates of nest failure were recently identified as a factor causing population declines in this imperiled species. We corroborated previous findings demonstrating testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to be the primary androgens in hellbender reproduction, and that cortisol circulates as the most abundant glucocorticoid. However, we were unable to identify a prolactin or a “prolactin-like” peptide in circulation prior to or during parental care. We observed ∼ 80 % declines in both primary androgens during the transition from pre-breeding to nest initiation, and again as paternal care progressed past its first month. In the days immediately following nest initiation, testosterone and DHT trended higher in successful individuals, but did not differ with males’ clutch size. We did not observe meaningful seasonality in baseline glucocorticoids associated with breeding or nesting. In contrast, stress-induced glucocorticoids were highest at pre-breeding and through the first two months of care, before declining during the latter-most periods of care as larvae approach emergence from the nest. Neither baseline nor stress-induced glucocorticoids varied significantly with either nest fate or clutch size. Both stress-induced cortisol and corticosterone were positively correlated with total length, a proxy for age in adult hellbenders. This is consistent with age-related patterns in some vertebrates, but the first such pattern observed in a wild amphibian population. Generally, we found that nesting hellbenders adhere to some but not all of the endocrinological patterns observed in uniparental male teleosts prior to and during parental care.

与繁殖和单亲雄性照料相关的行为内分泌学已在远足类动物中得到研究,但对其他外温动物中单亲雄性照料的激素相关性却知之甚少。为了填补这一空白,我们首次记录了单亲雄性地狱蝾螈在从繁殖前到筑巢期间以及随后八个月的父性照料期间的季节性类固醇内分泌学。在此过程中,我们研究了巢的命运和窝的大小的相关性,探索了地狱蝾螈与在单亲雄性鱼类中观察到的几种内分泌模式的一致性。从保护的角度来看,了解地狱双鱼父性护理的内分泌学也是至关重要的,因为筑巢失败率高最近被认为是导致这一濒危物种种群数量下降的一个因素。我们证实了之前的研究结果,即睾酮和双氢睾酮(DHT)是地狱蛙繁殖过程中的主要雄激素,而皮质醇是循环中含量最高的糖皮质激素。然而,我们无法在亲鱼照料之前或期间的血液循环中发现催乳素或 "催乳素样 "肽。我们观察到,在从繁殖前到筑巢的过渡时期,两种初级雄激素的含量都下降了80%,而随着父代照料时间的延长,降幅也超过了第一个月。在刚开始筑巢后的几天里,成功个体的睾酮和DHT呈上升趋势,但与雄性个体的窝大小没有差异。我们没有观察到与繁殖或筑巢相关的基线糖皮质激素有明显的季节性。相反,应激诱导的糖皮质激素在繁殖前和照料的头两个月最高,然后在照料的后期随着幼虫接近出巢而下降。基线糖皮质激素和应激诱导的糖皮质激素均不随巢穴命运或窝的大小而显著变化。应激诱导的皮质醇和皮质酮都与总长度呈正相关,总长度是成年地狱双鱼年龄的代表。这与某些脊椎动物的年龄相关模式一致,但这是首次在野生两栖动物种群中观察到这种模式。总体而言,我们发现筑巢的地狱双鱼在育儿前和育儿期间遵循了在单亲雄性远足类动物中观察到的一些内分泌模式,但并非全部。
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引用次数: 0
Roles of natural products on myokine expression and secretion in skeletal muscle atrophy 天然产品对骨骼肌萎缩中肌动蛋白表达和分泌的作用
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114550
Liu Zhaoyu , Ye Xiaomeng , Li Na, Shang Jiamin, Du Guanhua, Yang Xiuying

Skeletal muscles serve both in movement and as endocrine organs. Myokines secreted by skeletal muscles activate biological functions within muscles and throughout the body via autocrine, paracrine, and/or endocrine pathways. Skeletal muscle atrophy can influence myokine expression and secretion, while myokines can impact the structure and function of skeletal muscles. Regulating the expression and secretion of myokines through the pharmacological approach is a strategy for alleviating skeletal muscle atrophy. Natural products possess complex structures and chemical properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that various natural products exert beneficial effects on skeletal muscle atrophy. This article reviewed the regulatory effects of natural products on myokines and summarized the research progress on skeletal muscle atrophy associated with myokine regulation. The focus is on how small-molecule natural products affect the regulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6), irisin, myostatin, IGF-1, and FGF-21 expression. We contend that the development of small-molecule natural products targeting the regulation of myokines holds promise in combating skeletal muscle atrophy.

骨骼肌既是运动器官,也是内分泌器官。骨骼肌分泌的肌动素通过自分泌、旁分泌和/或内分泌途径激活肌肉内部和全身的生物功能。骨骼肌萎缩会影响肌动蛋白的表达和分泌,而肌动蛋白则会影响骨骼肌的结构和功能。通过药理学方法调节肌动素的表达和分泌是缓解骨骼肌萎缩的一种策略。天然产品具有复杂的结构和化学特性。以往的研究表明,各种天然产物对骨骼肌萎缩具有有益的影响。本文回顾了天然产物对肌动蛋白的调节作用,并总结了与肌动蛋白调节相关的骨骼肌萎缩研究进展。重点是小分子天然产物如何影响白细胞介素6(IL-6)、鸢尾素、肌生成素和IGF-1的表达调控。我们认为,开发针对肌肉因子调控的小分子天然产品有望防治骨骼肌萎缩。
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General and comparative endocrinology
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