General and comparative endocrinology最新文献_第4页

Seasonal vs opportunistic breeders, a seasonal morphological and endocrine comparative study of the gonadal cycle in birds 季节性与机会性繁殖者：鸟类性腺周期的季节性形态和内分泌比较研究。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114851

Diego J. Valdez , Gabriela C. López , Gabriel I. Boaglio , Diego R. Uñates , Leila M. López , Tomás C. Tempesti , Santiago M. Benitez-Vieyra , Gustavo M. Somoza

Avian reproduction is usually seasonal and strongly influenced by environmental factors, primarily photoperiod, which is mainly perceived by deep brain photoreceptors in the hypothalamic region and regulates the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis. However, certain species have developed adaptable reproductive strategies that differ from the classical seasonal model.

In this study, we analyzed seasonal variations and gonadal asymmetry in three dove species with different reproductive strategies: The White-tipped Dove (Leptotila verreauxi) and the Eared Dove (Zenaida auriculata), both native to South America, and the Rock Dove (Columba livia), an introduced species from the Northern Hemisphere.

Our results indicate that the White-tipped Dove, a seasonal breeder, follows a photoperiod-dependent reproductive pattern, showing seasonal variations in gonadal size and reproductive activity, as well as testosterone plasma levels, with no evidence of gonadal asymmetry. In the Eared Dove, an opportunistic breeder, the gonadal response is less pronounced, with testicular activity present even during months with short photoperiod, no association with testosterone plasma levels, and no gonadal asymmetry. Finally, the Rock Dove, another opportunistic breeder, exhibits the most variable gonadal response, with no association between photoperiod, gonadal morphology, and testosterone plasma levels.

These findings suggest that the White-tipped Dove follows a classical photoperiod-regulated seasonal reproductive cycle, whereas the Eared Dove and the Rock Dove display greater reproductive plasticity, likely influenced by other factors, such as anthropogenic food availability, rather than photoperiod.

鸟类的繁殖通常是季节性的，受环境因素的强烈影响，主要是受光周期的影响，光周期主要由下丘脑区域的脑深部光感受器感知，并调节下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的激活。然而，某些物种已经发展出与经典的季节性模式不同的适应性繁殖策略。本研究分析了三种不同繁殖策略的鸽子的季节变化和性腺不对称性：原产于南美洲的白头鸽（Leptotila verreauxi）和耳鸽（Zenaida auriculata），以及来自北半球的引进种岩鸽（Columba livia）。我们的研究结果表明，白鳍鸽是一种季节性繁殖动物，遵循光周期依赖的繁殖模式，在性腺大小和繁殖活动以及睾酮血浆水平方面表现出季节性变化，没有性腺不对称的证据。在机会主义繁殖的耳鸽中，性腺反应不太明显，即使在光周期较短的月份，睾丸活动也存在，与睾酮血浆水平无关，也没有性腺不对称。最后，岩鸽，另一种机会繁殖动物，表现出最多变的性腺反应，与光周期、性腺形态和睾酮血浆水平无关。这些发现表明，白鳍鸽遵循经典的光周期调节的季节性生殖周期，而耳鸽和岩鸽则表现出更大的生殖可塑性，这可能受到其他因素的影响，如人为食物供应，而不是光周期。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization and expression of urotensin1 and urotensin2 genes in the caudal neurosecretory system of the small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula 小斑点猫鲨尾神经分泌系统中尾紧张素1和尾紧张素2基因的表达及特征。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114866

Bérénice Bichon , Gladys Alfama , Anne-Laure Gaillard , Feng B. Quan , Pascal Sourdaine , Hervé Tostivint

The caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS) is a neuroendocrine complex unique to fish. In teleosts, the neuroendocrine neurons of the CNSS, called Dahlgren cells, are located in the terminal part of the spinal cord and project to a neurohemal organ, the urophysis, from which several hormones are released. The two major hormones secreted by Dahlgren cells are two neuropeptides called urotensin 1 (UI), related to the corticotropin-releasing hormone and urotensin 2 (UII), related to somatostatin. In cartilaginous fishes, the CNSS organization is simpler than in teleosts due to the absence of urophysis. As a consequence, Dahlgren cells project into a diffuse neurohemal region located at the ventral base of the spinal cord. Such an organization of the CNSS is considered as primitive. An important feature of Dahlgren cells in cartilaginous fishes is also their huge size. The goal of the present study was to provide more insight into the CNSS in cartilaginous fish, which has been poorly studied so far. For this purpose, we used the small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula, as a model. We first cloned the cDNAs encoding for both catshark UI (uts1) and UII (uts2). This search revealed the existence of two copies of the uts1 gene, uts1a and uts1b, that are tandemly arranged. We then determined by RT-qPCR the expression pattern of the uts1a, uts1b, and uts2 genes in various catshark tissues. Our results revealed that uts1a and uts2 genes are primarily expressed in giant cells of the caudal spinal cord, that likely correspond to Dahlgren cells. The uts1a transcript was also detected in the epididymis head of the testis but at a much lower level. In contrast, the uts1b transcript was detected at very low levels in all tissues examined. Further study by double fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that in the caudal spinal cord, all uts1a mRNA-containing cells expressed uts2 while only about half of the uts2-expressing cells also expressed uts1a. Taken together these results suggest the existence of two populations of Dahlgren cells: one of which expressing solely uts2 and the other expressing both uts1a and uts2. In conclusion, our work showed that, as in teleosts, uts1 and uts2 are two potentially useful markers for studying the CNSS in cartilaginous fish.

本研究的目的是为软骨鱼类的CNSS提供更多的见解，这一研究迄今为止还很少。为此，我们使用了小斑点猫鲨Scyliorhinus canicula作为模型。我们首先克隆了catshark UI （uts1）和UI （uts2）的编码cdna。这项研究揭示了uts1基因的两个拷贝，即uts1a和uts1b，它们是串联排列的。然后，我们通过RT-qPCR测定了uts1a、uts1b和uts2基因在各种猫鲨组织中的表达模式。我们的研究结果显示，uts1a和uts2基因主要在尾侧脊髓巨细胞中表达，这可能与Dahlgren细胞相对应。在睾丸的附睾头部也检测到uts1a转录本，但水平要低得多。相比之下，在所有检查的组织中检测到uts1b转录本的水平非常低。进一步的双荧光原位杂交研究表明，在脊髓尾部，所有含有uts1a mrna的细胞都表达uts2，而只有大约一半的表达uts2的细胞也表达uts1a。综上所述，这些结果表明存在两种Dahlgren细胞群：一种只表达uts2，另一种同时表达uts1a和uts2。总之，我们的工作表明，与硬骨鱼一样，uts1和uts2是研究软骨鱼CNSS的两个潜在有用的标记。

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引用次数: 0

IDENTIFICATION of NLP-5 and NLP-6 as potential ligands for the NPR-9 receptor in Caenorhabditis elegans 秀丽隐杆线虫NPR-9受体潜在配体NLP-5和NLP-6的鉴定

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114869

Foroozan Torki, William G. Bendena, Ian D. Chin-Sang

Neuropeptides in Caenorhabditis elegans regulate physiological and behavioural responses to environmental cues, influencing locomotion, feeding, and fat storage via interactions with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). C. elegans expresses a diverse repertoire of neuropeptides, including FMRFamide-related peptides, neuropeptide-like peptides (NLPs), and insulin-like peptides (INSs). Among these, the galanin/allatostatin-like GPCR, NPR-9, localized in the AIB interneurons, regulates locomotory behaviours (roaming and dwelling) and fat accumulation by inhibiting AIB activity. Recent studies identified NLP-1 as a ligand for NPR-9, modulating behaviour through direct receptor interaction. However, our research explored whether other neuropeptides, specifically NLP-5 and NLP-6 (allatostatin A-type/galanin-like neuropeptides), could also function as NPR-9 ligands, despite evidence suggesting NLP-1 as the primary ligand. In this study, we characterized phenotypes associated with NPR-9 receptor function, including Omega turns, roaming, and fat accumulation. Loss-of-function mutations in nlp-5, nlp-6, and nlp-1 exhibited behavioural phenotypes similar to npr-9 mutants, suggesting that NLP-5 and NLP-6 may act as additional ligands for NPR-9 or affect NPR-9 signalling. Furthermore, double-mutant analyses with candidate ligand genes suppressed phenotypes associated with NPR-9 overexpression, reinforcing the hypothesis that these neuropeptides may regulate NPR-9-mediated signalling.

秀丽隐杆线虫中的神经肽调节对环境信号的生理和行为反应，通过与g蛋白偶联受体（gpcr）的相互作用影响运动、摄食和脂肪储存。秀丽隐杆线虫表达多种神经肽，包括fmrfamily相关肽、神经肽样肽（nlp）和胰岛素样肽（ins）。其中，甘丙肽/allatostatin样GPCR， NPR-9，定位于AIB中间神经元，通过抑制AIB活性调节运动行为（漫游和居住）和脂肪积累。最近的研究发现NLP-1是NPR-9的配体，通过受体直接相互作用调节行为。然而，我们的研究探索了其他神经肽，特别是NLP-5和NLP-6 （allatostatin a型/丙氨酸样神经肽）是否也可以作为NPR-9的配体，尽管有证据表明NLP-1是主要的配体。在这项研究中，我们描述了与NPR-9受体功能相关的表型，包括Omega旋转、漫游和脂肪积累。nlp-5、nlp-6和nlp-1的功能丧失突变表现出与npr-9突变相似的行为表型，这表明nlp-5和nlp-6可能作为npr-9的附加配体或影响npr-9的信号传导。此外，候选配体基因的双突变分析抑制了与NPR-9过表达相关的表型，加强了这些神经肽可能调节NPR-9介导的信号传导的假设。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing stress in a mammal from plasma and feces: A nutritional mismatch between the diet needed and the food -available 从血浆和粪便中评估哺乳动物的压力：所需饮食和现有食物之间的营养不匹配。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114856

Rudy Boonstra , Joanne Castillo , Tim J. Karels , F.Stephen Dobson , Rupert Palme , Curtis O. Bosson

A lack of agreement between the diet an animal needs for reproduction and survival and the food available in its environment has major impact on its fitness. The complexity of their digestive system is critical and may affect stress axis function. The squirrel family (sciurids) have a very simple gut and do not have the microbiome to digest high fiber foods well. Thus, they forage preferentially on forbs, seeds, and fungi, and avoid hard-to-digest grasses. We compared two measures of their stress axis − plasma free cortisol, a glucocorticoid (GC), and fecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs) − in Columbian ground squirrels (Urocitellus columbianus) from two meadows as they were building up body reserves in July for their pending hibernation. One meadow was natural with an abundance of forbs and the other unnatural with an abundance of grasses that had been seeded as a horse pasture. Our two measures went in the opposite direction: GC levels were lower on the natural meadow but FCMs were higher, whereas GC levels were higher on the grass meadow but FCMs lower. The fecal fiber content was lower on the natural meadow. Thus, when interpreting FCM levels, it is critical to understand both the digestive system of the study mammal and its diet to interpret stress axis function.

动物繁殖和生存所需的饮食与其环境中存在的食物之间缺乏一致性对其适应性有重大影响。它们消化系统的复杂性是至关重要的，可能会影响应激轴的功能。松鼠家族（sciurids）的肠道非常简单，没有能够很好地消化高纤维食物的微生物群。因此，它们优先以牧草、种子和真菌为食，避开难以消化的草类。我们比较了两种应激轴的测量方法——血浆游离皮质醇，糖皮质激素（GC）和粪便皮质醇代谢物（fcm）——来自两个草地的哥伦比亚地松鼠（Urocitellus columbianus）在7月份为即将到来的冬眠建立身体储备。一片草地是天然的，有丰富的牧草，而另一片则是非自然的，有丰富的牧草，这些牧草被种成了养马的牧场。我们的两个测量结果相反：天然草甸的GC水平较低，但fcm较高，而草甸的GC水平较高，但fcm较低。天然草甸粪便纤维含量较低。因此，在解释FCM水平时，了解所研究哺乳动物的消化系统及其饮食对解释应激轴功能至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Relaxin receptor-like proteins in Scylla paramamosain: Two distinct types and their roles in ovarian development Scylla paramamosain中的松弛素受体样蛋白：两种不同类型及其在卵巢发育中的作用。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114841

Jiahui Du , Yicong Huang , Jiaqian Liao , Xianyuan Zeng , Pengfei Zou , Ziping Zhang , Yilei Wang

Scylla paramamosain, a vital marine economic crab species along the southeast coast of China, has been insufficiently studied regarding its reproductive regulation. Relaxin and its receptors play crucial roles in regulating animal reproductive processes. However, their functions and mechanisms of action in crustaceans remain unclear. In this study, two relaxin receptor-like proteins genes (SpRRLP) from S. paramamosain were cloned and designated as SpRRLP1 and SpRRLP2. Sequence analysis revealed that both belong to the C1 type of leucine-rich repeat type G-protein coupled receptors (LGR), with SpRRLP1 classified as an LGR4-type and SpRRLP2 as an RXFP/LGR3-type relaxin receptor. Temporal and spatial expression profiles demonstrated that both genes are most highly expressed in the ovary and eyestalk of mature crabs, with their expression levels significantly increasing during the middle and late stages of ovarian development. RNAi experiment combined with transcriptome analysis indicated that SpRRLP1 may be involved in ovarian development through pathways such as immunity, autophagy, and estrogen signaling, while SpRRLP2 primarily regulates ovarian development via pathways including the synthesis of sex steroid-like hormones and arachidonic acid metabolism. This study provides valuable insights into elucidating the mechanisms underlying gonadal development and reproductive regulation in crustaceans.

Scylla paramosain是中国东南沿海重要的海洋经济蟹种，对其生殖调控的研究尚不充分。松弛素及其受体在调节动物生殖过程中起着重要作用。然而，它们在甲壳类动物中的功能和作用机制尚不清楚。本研究从S. paramamosain中克隆了两个松弛素受体样蛋白基因（SpRRLP），分别命名为SpRRLP1和SpRRLP2。序列分析显示，两者均属于C1型富亮氨酸重复型g蛋白偶联受体（LGR）， SpRRLP1属于lgr4型，SpRRLP2属于RXFP/ lgr3型松弛素受体。时间和空间表达谱表明，这两个基因在成熟蟹的卵巢和眼柄中表达量最高，在卵巢发育中后期表达量显著增加。RNAi实验结合转录组分析表明，SpRRLP1可能通过免疫、自噬、雌激素信号等途径参与卵巢发育，而SpRRLP2主要通过性类固醇样激素合成、花生四烯酸代谢等途径调节卵巢发育。该研究为阐明甲壳类动物性腺发育和生殖调控机制提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Peptide and neuropeptide diversity and function in bivalves 双壳类动物的多肽和神经肽多样性及其功能。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114850

Zhi Li , João C.R. Cardoso , Deborah M. Power

The Mollusca are the second most specious animal phyla after arthropods. They are morphologically diverse and exhibit high variability of their nervous systems, which have evolved as they adapted to an extreme range of ecological niches. Recent availability of genomes, transcriptomes and proteomes from diverse Mollusca representatives are uncovering the complexity of neuropeptides and their receptors. A diversity of neuropeptide precursors some of which encode multiple bioactive mature peptides and multiple orphan receptors have been described but their function is largely unexplored. This review will highlight the diversity of peptide/neuropeptide systems described in bivalves a member of the phylum Mollusca. The bivalves are of scientific and socioeconomic importance and in common with other calcifying marine organisms are susceptible to the effects of the rapidly changing global climate. Herein we briefly explore and compare mollusc nervous systems and highlight the complexity of bivalve peptide/neuropeptide genes, their putative receptor genes, and reports about their function in bivalve physiology. Characterization of the role of peptides/neuropeptides on bivalve physiology can give important insights into their evolutionary success but also feed models that can predict the likely impact of anthropogenic actions on their continuing success and biodiversity in a rapidly changing marine environment.

软体动物是仅次于节肢动物的第二多种类的动物门。它们形态多样，神经系统表现出高度的可变性，随着它们适应极端范围的生态位而进化。最近，来自不同软体动物代表的基因组、转录组和蛋白质组的可用性揭示了神经肽及其受体的复杂性。神经肽前体的多样性已经被描述，其中一些编码多种生物活性成熟肽和多种孤儿受体，但它们的功能在很大程度上尚未被探索。本文将重点介绍软体动物门双壳类动物中多肽/神经肽系统的多样性。双壳类具有重要的科学和社会经济意义，与其他钙化海洋生物一样，它们容易受到全球气候迅速变化的影响。在这里，我们简要地探讨和比较了软体动物的神经系统，并强调了双壳类动物肽/神经肽基因的复杂性，它们的假定受体基因，以及它们在双壳类动物生理学中的功能。研究多肽/神经肽在双壳类动物生理中的作用，不仅可以深入了解它们的进化成功，还可以建立模型，预测在快速变化的海洋环境中，人为活动对双壳类动物的持续成功和生物多样性可能产生的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Potential role of COUP-TF in regulating major yolk protein gene expression in sea urchin COUP-TF在海胆主要卵黄蛋白基因表达调控中的潜在作用

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114867

Ichiro Higuchi , Shiori Tsue , Yudai Kitano , Osamu Nishimiya , Masashi Hosokawa , Fumiaki Beppu , Kazuhiro Ura , Yasuaki Takagi

Major yolk protein (MYP) serves as a critical nutrient reservoir for gonadal development in sea urchins, but the transcriptional regulation of its encoding gene remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we cloned and analyzed the MYP promoter from Mesocentrotus nudus and found two conserved elements with putative binding sites for the orphan nuclear receptor COUP-TF (chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor). We cloned the full-length cDNA encoding COUP-TF from M. nudus (MnCOUP-TF). The cDNA encoded a 472-amino acid protein highly homologous to other COUP-TF/SVP subfamily members. RT-PCR and qPCR analyses revealed that transcripts of both MnCOUP-TF and MYP were present in several tissues, including gonads, and their levels exhibited a significant positive correlation during gonadal maturation (R² = 0.6764, p < 0.01). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated specific binding of MnCOUP-TF to the MYP promoter, and transactivation assays showed that MnCOUP-TF activates transcription through these sites. Furthermore, total lipids extracted from gonadal tissue enhanced MnCOUP-TF–dependent reporter activity in a dose-dependent manner. This enhancement was comparable to the effect of 9-cis-retinoic acid, a compound known to activate COUP-TF at high concentrations, although it is not considered to be a physiological COUP-TF ligand. These results suggest that MnCOUP-TF regulates MYP expression in a ligand-dependent manner and that endogenous activators may be present in gonadal lipids. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular evidence implicating COUP-TF in yolk protein gene regulation in sea urchins, providing new insights into nuclear receptor-mediated control of reproduction in marine invertebrates.

主要卵黄蛋白（Major蛋黄蛋白，MYP）是海胆性腺发育的重要营养储备，但其编码基因的转录调控在很大程度上尚不清楚。在这里，我们克隆并分析了裸鸡中心虾的MYP启动子，发现了两个保守的元件，它们与孤儿核受体COUP-TF（鸡卵白蛋白上游启动子转录因子）有可能的结合位点。我们从裸鼠中克隆了编码COUP-TF的全长cDNA （MnCOUP-TF）。该cDNA编码了一个472个氨基酸的蛋白，与其他COUP-TF/SVP亚家族成员高度同源。RT-PCR和qPCR分析显示，MnCOUP-TF和MYP转录本均存在于包括性腺在内的多种组织中，其水平在性腺成熟过程中呈显著正相关（R2 = 0.6764, p < 0.01）。电泳迁移率转移实验表明MnCOUP-TF与MYP启动子特异性结合，反式激活实验表明MnCOUP-TF通过这些位点激活转录。此外，从性腺组织中提取的总脂质以剂量依赖的方式增强了mncoup - tf依赖的报告细胞活性。这种增强与9-顺式维甲酸的作用相当，9-顺式维甲酸是一种已知在高浓度下激活COUP-TF的化合物，尽管它不被认为是一种生理上的COUP-TF配体。这些结果表明，MnCOUP-TF以配体依赖的方式调节MYP的表达，内源性激活剂可能存在于性腺脂质中。据我们所知，这是暗示COUP-TF参与海胆卵黄蛋白基因调控的第一个分子证据，为核受体介导的海洋无脊椎动物生殖控制提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive adrenal steroid profiling during frog metamorphosis 全面的肾上腺激素分析在青蛙变态

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114838

Bidisha Paul , Siyan Patel , Anna J. Taylor , Michael R. La Frano , Daniel R. Buchholz

Measurement of adrenal hormones in amphibians is important in studies on stress, development, osmoregulation, endocrine disruption, and conservation to help reveal mechanisms within amphibians and evolution among vertebrates. Corticosteroids measured in frogs are typically corticosterone and/or aldosterone, but steroid intermediates that may activate hormone receptors are thus far not quantified. Also, steroidogenesis in frogs has been examined in vitro but little work has been done using tadpoles with mutations affecting steroidogenesis. To advance such studies, we developed a comprehensive liquid chromatography − tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to quantify 13 corticosteroid hormones and intermediates and 5 sex steroids in plasma and tail during natural metamorphosis and in pomc and cyp21a2 mutant tadpoles. Four of these steroids were consistently quantified in plasma and tail during development of wild-type tadpoles, namely 11-deoxycorticosterone (11-DOC), corticosterone (CORT), aldosterone (ALDO), and 11-dehydrocorticosterone (11-dehydroCORT). During metamorphosis, each of these steroids increased 4- to 5-fold in plasma, whereas in tail they were high during premetamorphosis and climax but lower in prometamorphosis. pomc mutant tails had only 2-fold less CORT, but cyp21a2 mutants also had an accumulation of progesterone and 11β-hydroxyprogesterone. This study revealed the in-vivo presence of 11-DOC, 11-dehydroCORT, and adrenal steroidogenic capacity in tadpoles and provided a comprehensive LC-MS/MS method for quantifying steroids relevant for a wide variety of studies.

测量两栖动物的肾上腺激素在应激、发育、渗透调节、内分泌干扰和保护研究中具有重要意义，有助于揭示两栖动物内部机制和脊椎动物进化。在青蛙中测量的皮质类固醇通常是皮质酮和/或醛固酮，但可能激活激素受体的类固醇中间体迄今尚未量化。此外，已经在青蛙体内进行了体外类固醇生成的研究，但很少在蝌蚪体内进行影响类固醇生成的突变的研究。为了推进这方面的研究，我们开发了一种全面的液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）方法来定量自然蜕变过程中pomc和cyp21a2突变蝌蚪血浆和尾巴中的13种皮质类固醇激素和中间体以及5种性类固醇激素。在野生型蝌蚪的发育过程中，血浆和尾巴中有四种激素的定量一致，即11-脱氧皮质酮（11-DOC）、皮质酮（CORT）、醛固酮（ALDO）和11-脱氢皮质酮（11-dehydroCORT）。在变态过程中，血浆中这些激素的含量增加了4- 5倍，而在尾巴中，它们在变态前期和高潮阶段含量很高，而在变态前期含量较低。pomc突变体尾部的CORT仅减少2倍，但cyp21a2突变体也有孕酮和11β-羟孕酮的积累。本研究揭示了蝌蚪体内11-DOC、11-脱氢cort和肾上腺类固醇生成能力的存在，并为各种研究提供了一种全面的LC-MS/MS方法来定量类固醇。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative corticosterone responses to capture stress in sympatric Antarctic penguins 同域南极企鹅对捕获应激的皮质酮反应比较。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114836

José Alvenir Machado Pinto , Juliana Souza-Kasprzyk , Janeide de Assis Guilherme Padilha , Priscila Viau , João Paulo Machado Torres , Maria Alice S. Alves , Erli Schneider Costa

<div><div>Adverse environmental stimuli activate the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, releasing corticosterone (CORT), the primary stress hormone in birds. This hormone facilitates adaptive responses to acute stressors, ensuring immediate survival but potentially compromising other vital functions when chronically elevated. In penguins, particularly those of the genus(Adélie),(Gentoo), and(Chinstrap) nesting on King George Island, Antarctica. Blood samples were collected from adults and chicks of <em>P. adeliae</em> (n = 25 and n = 8) and <em>P. antarcticus</em> (n = 18 and n = 10), and from adults of <em>P. papua</em> (n = 18) at baseline (within 5 min of capture, CORT<sub>0</sub>) and after restraint for 30, 45, or 60 min (CORT<sub>30</sub>, CORT<sub>45</sub>, CORT<sub>60</sub>). Opportunistic urofecal samples (n = 36) were also analyzed from adults of the three species to compare excreted hormone levels with circulating one. All species showed a significant and non-linear increase in blood CORT following capture. Concentrations peaked at 30 min post-capture in <em>P. adeliae</em>  had a more gradual and progressive increase over time peaking at 45 min. Interestingly,chicks exhibited higher CORT<sub>0</sub> concentrations than adults, potentially reflecting greater reactivity to stress, whereaschicks showed values similar to adults, consistent with a maturing stress response. Urofecal CORT concentrations did not significantly differ among species but were consistently higher than baseline blood levels, likely reflecting integrated stress over time. This is the first study to compare baseline and stress-induced CORT concentrations across all threespecies, to measure CORT in adults and chicks of<!--> <em>P. antarcticus</em>, and to analyze <em>Pygoscelis</em> populations from King George Island. By filling critical gaps in penguin stress physiology, these findings contribute to understanding interspecific and developmental variation in endocrine responses, confirm that capture and restraint significantly alter corticosterone levels and highlight the need for careful cons

不利的环境刺激激活下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴，释放皮质酮（CORT），这是鸟类的主要应激激素。这种激素促进对急性应激源的适应性反应，确保即时生存，但如果长期升高，可能会损害其他重要功能。在企鹅，尤其是企鹅属的企鹅中，尽管雏鸟作为南极生态系统变化的生物指标具有重要的生态意义，但在应激生理学方面，特别是雏鸟，却明显缺乏可比数据。考虑到它们共同的栖息地、不同的行为特征以及越来越多地暴露于气候变化相关的压力源，了解物种和年龄特异性的应激反应是必不可少的。本研究调查了捕获和限制对三种同域企鹅（P. adelae （adsamlie)）、P. adsamae （adsamlie）和P. adsamae (adsamae)）体内CORT浓度的影响。巴布亚(Gentoo) andP。在南极洲乔治王岛上筑巢的南极洲企鹅。收集血液样本从幼年和成年p adeliae 25和n (n =  = 8)和p . antarcticus strain (n = 18和n = 10),和成人的巴布亚(n = 18)在基线( 5分钟内捕获,CORT0)克制30后,45岁或60 min (CORT30, CORT45 CORT60)。还分析了三种成虫的机会性尿便样本（n = 36），以比较排泄激素水平与循环激素水平。捕获后，所有物种的血液CORT均呈显著的非线性增加。在捕获后30 min，阿德利p.a和巴布亚p.a的皮质酮浓度达到峰值，表现出最初的增加，然后暂时下降，然后再上升的模式，而南极p.a的皮质酮浓度随着时间的推移逐渐增加，在45 min达到峰值。有趣的是,P。南极雏鸟表现出比成年企鹅更高的CORT0浓度，可能反映出对压力的更大反应。Adeliaechicks表现出与成人相似的价值，可能是由于它们的发育阶段较早。粪便CORT浓度在物种之间没有显著差异，但始终高于基线血液水平，可能反映了长期的综合压力。这是第一个比较基线和应激诱导的CORT浓度的研究，在所有三种epygosceliss物种中，测量成年和雏鸟的CORT。并分析了乔治国王岛的扁虱种群。这些发现填补了企鹅应激生理学的关键空白，有助于理解内分泌反应的种间和发育差异，证实了捕获和约束显著改变皮质酮水平，并强调了在野生动物研究和保护实践中仔细考虑捕获和处理程序的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Stress signaling via glucocorticoid receptor disrupts ovarian development in Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) through HPI-HPG axis crosstalk 糖皮质激素受体的应激信号通过HPI-HPG轴串扰干扰日本鳗鲡卵巢发育。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114825

Xuanhan Zhang , Chenpeng Zuo , Jiaqi Liu , Xiao Jing , Ziyi Zhao , Jing Yang , Zhijun Wang , Xin Qi

Gonadal development is closely linked to cortisol levels, a major stress response indicator, which is mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in teleost fish. Stress activates the HPI axis (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis), triggering cortisol release, which subsequently affects the reproductive system. Therefore, GR is considered a mediator in elucidating the relationship between stress and gonadal development. In this study, we cloned and analyzed the gr1 and gr2 genes of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). The phylogenetic tree of GR revealed that gr1 and gr2 exhibit a unique evolutionary distribution in teleost fish. Quantitative real-time PCR results indicated that gr1 and gr2 were primarily expressed in the ovary and brain. To investigate whether glucocorticoids mediate their inhibitory effects through GR, we performed in vivo DXMS injection experiments. The results indicated that DXMS stimulation significantly altered the expression of key genes in the HPG axis (hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis) of the Japanese eel, particularly those related to ovarian development. Additionally, in vitro experiments with isolated brain, pituitary, and gonadal cells revealed that DXMS treatment significantly suppressed the expression of several reproduction-related genes, and the GR antagonist RU486 partially reversed this suppression. This study reveals the mechanisms through which glucocorticoids regulate ovarian development in the Japanese eel via GR and HPI-HPG axis interactions. These findings offer new insights into the role of stress in fish reproduction and provide a theoretical basis for optimizing artificial reproduction techniques in the Japanese eel.

硬骨鱼的性腺发育与皮质醇水平密切相关，皮质醇水平是一种主要的应激反应指标，它是由糖皮质激素受体（GR）介导的。压力激活HPI轴（下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴），触发皮质醇释放，随后影响生殖系统。因此，GR被认为是解释应激与性腺发育之间关系的中介。本研究克隆并分析了日本鳗鲡（Anguilla japonica） gr1和gr2基因。GR的系统发育树显示gr1和gr2在硬骨鱼中具有独特的进化分布。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示gr1和gr2主要在卵巢和脑中表达。为了研究糖皮质激素是否通过GR介导其抑制作用，我们进行了DXMS注射体内实验。结果表明，DXMS刺激显著改变了日本鳗鲡下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴（HPG轴）关键基因的表达，特别是与卵巢发育相关的基因。此外，在离体脑、垂体和性腺细胞的体外实验中发现，DXMS处理显著抑制了几种生殖相关基因的表达，GR拮抗剂RU486部分逆转了这种抑制。本研究揭示了糖皮质激素通过GR和HPI-HPG轴相互作用调控日本鳗鲡卵巢发育的机制。这些发现对应激在鱼类繁殖中的作用提供了新的认识，并为优化日本鳗鲡的人工繁殖技术提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0