General and comparative endocrinology最新文献_第7页

Characterization of a crustacean hyperglycemic hormone of the horsehair crab Erimacrus isenbeckii 马毛蟹一种甲壳类高血糖激素的研究

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114777

Kenji Toyota , Asami Kajimoto , Yushi Ando , Ken Takeuchi , Tsuyoshi Ohira

The horsehair crab Erimacrus isenbeckii is widely distributed from Alaska and the Bering Sea through Southern Sakhalin, and in Japan from the coastal areas of Hokkaido to the Sea of Japan. In the Hokkaido area, although strict resource management has been promoted by setting an allowable catch limit, the catch amount has remained at a low level. While knowledge on larval rearing methods is accumulating in relation to seedling production techniques, information on adult growth and molting is limited, due to a deep-sea species that requires a long period for growth. In decapod crustaceans, the sinus-gland/X-organ complex in the eyestalk ganglion synthesizes and secrets various neuropeptides such as crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) to regulate the homeostasis of haemolymph glucose levels. In this study, combined isolation of sinus gland peptides by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and amino acid sequencing, and transcriptome analyses using male and female eyestalk ganglion has been successfully identified EiCHHa. In adult male E. isenbeckii, no decrease in haemolymph glucose levels was observed following bilateral eyestalk ablation, indicating that this treatment does not affect glucose homeostasis in this species. Therefore, the in vivo assays of EiCHHa using the blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus revealed EiCHHa has a hyperglycemic effect, as well as CHHs in other decapod crustaceans. On the other hand, EiCHHa-injected red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii with bilateral eyestalk ablation showed no significant increase in hemolymph glucose levels. Additionally, we successfully demonstrated the sexual differences in the transcriptomic profiles between males and females. Especially, two sinus gland-derived neuropeptides (EiCHHb and a crustacean female sex hormone (EiCFSH)) were isolated as female-biased transcripts, suggesting that both hormones may have female-specific roles such as the development of female characteristics and reproduction.

马毛蟹Erimacrus isenbeckii广泛分布于阿拉斯加和白令海通过南库页岛，在日本从北海道沿海地区到日本海。在北海道地区，虽然实行了严格的资源管理，设定了允许捕捞限额，但捕捞量一直处于较低水平。虽然有关幼虫饲养方法和幼苗生产技术的知识正在积累，但由于深海物种需要长时间生长，关于成虫生长和蜕皮的信息有限。在十足甲壳类动物中，眼柄神经节中的窦腺/ x器官复合体合成并分泌各种神经肽，如甲壳类高血糖激素（CHH），以调节血淋巴葡萄糖水平的稳态。本研究采用反相高效液相色谱法（RP-HPLC）分离鼻窦腺多肽，并对其进行氨基酸测序和转录组分析，成功鉴定出雄性和雌性眼柄神经节中的EiCHHa。在成年男性大肠isenbeckii,没有观察到血淋巴血糖水平降低双边眼柄消融后,表明这种治疗不影响葡萄糖体内平衡在这个物种。因此，对蓝蟹（Portunus pelagicus）体内EiCHHa的实验表明，EiCHHa与其他十足甲壳类动物的CHHs一样具有高血糖作用。另一方面，注射eichha并切除双侧眼柄的红色沼泽小龙虾克氏原螯虾的血淋巴葡萄糖水平没有显著升高。此外，我们成功地证明了雄性和雌性之间转录组谱的性别差异。特别是，两种窦腺源神经肽（EiCHHb）和一种甲壳类雌性性激素（EiCFSH）被分离为雌性偏倚转录本，表明这两种激素可能具有雌性特异性作用，如雌性特征的发育和生殖。

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引用次数: 0

In vitro effects of 11-deoxycorticosterone on hepatocytes and gill epithelial cells of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 11-脱氧皮质酮对虹鳟鱼肝细胞和鳃上皮细胞的体外影响

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114776

Rodrigo Zuloaga , Alfredo Molina , Juan Antonio Valdés

The 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) corticosteroid has been recently described as having a potential role in fish, complementing cortisol action through distinct physiological effects. Although systemic effects of 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) have been reported, the specific mechanisms mediated through glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors remain poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluated the DOC effects through both receptors in rainbow trout hepatoma-derived (RTH-149) and gill epithelial (RTgill-W1) cell lines. Cultures were pretreated with GR (Mifepristone) or MR (Eplerenone) antagonists for 1 h (50 nM) and then with DOC (10 nM) or vehicle (DMSO-PBS1X) as control for 3 h (n = 3). First, to determine a DOC-induced response via GR or MR, we detected a decrease in transcriptional levels of mr and these results were recovered to basal levels by MR antagonist in both cell lines. Then, we evaluated different metabolites and solutes associated with carbohydrate metabolism in RTH-149 and osmoregulation in RTgill-W1, detecting that DOC through both GR and MR differentially modulates lactate, glycogen, calcium, and chloride levels. We also identified that DOC mainly by MR differentially regulates gene expression of glucose/glycogen metabolism in RTH-149, ionic cotransporters, and tight junction proteins in RTgill-W1. Subsequently, we determined that DOC significantly decreases glucose uptake in RTH-149 and apparent permeability in RTgill-W1, reversed by MR antagonist. However, DOC does not affect transepithelial resistance in RTgill-W1. This study provides the first evidence that DOC, primarily via MR, plays a role in regulating carbohydrate metabolism in fish hepatocytes and osmoregulation in gill epithelial cells.

11-脱氧皮质酮（DOC）皮质类固醇最近被描述为在鱼类中具有潜在的作用，通过不同的生理作用补充皮质醇的作用。尽管已经报道了11-脱氧皮质酮（DOC）的全身作用，但通过糖皮质激素（GR）和矿皮质激素（MR）受体介导的具体机制仍然知之甚少。因此，我们通过两种受体在虹鳟鱼肝癌源性（RTH-149）和鳃上皮（RTgill-W1）细胞系中评估了DOC的作用。用GR（米非司酮）或MR（依普利酮）拮抗剂预处理1小时（50 nM），然后用DOC （10 nM）或载体（DMSO-PBS1X）作为对照预处理3小时（n = 3）。首先，为了通过GR或MR确定doc诱导的应答，我们检测到MR转录水平的下降，MR拮抗剂在两种细胞系中将这些结果恢复到基础水平。然后，我们评估了RTH-149中与碳水化合物代谢和rtggil - w1中的渗透调节相关的不同代谢物和溶质，发现DOC通过GR和MR对乳酸、糖原、钙和氯化物水平进行了差异调节。我们还发现，以MR为主的DOC对RTH-149中葡萄糖/糖原代谢、RTgill-W1中离子共转运蛋白和紧密连接蛋白的基因表达有差异调节。随后，我们确定DOC显著降低RTH-149的葡萄糖摄取和RTgill-W1的表观通透性，被MR拮抗剂逆转。然而，DOC不影响RTgill-W1的上皮耐药。本研究首次证明DOC主要通过MR参与鱼肝细胞碳水化合物代谢和鳃上皮细胞渗透调节。

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引用次数: 0

Testosterone concentration coincides with distance travelled in the free-ranging male Saharan sand-viper, Cerastes vipera 睾酮浓度与自由放养的雄性撒哈拉沙漠蝰蛇（Cerastes vipera）的行走距离一致

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114775

J. Sivan , A.A. Degen , S.J.A. Horesh , I. Tesler , S. Hadad , H. Boni , M. Kam

Testosterone levels have been linked to reproduction and locomotor activities in vertebrates and even to some invertebrates. However, the relationship between testosterone concentration and daily distance travelled (DDT) in a free-ranging reptile has not been tested. The aim of this study was to fill this gap. Seasonal plasma testosterone concentration in the free-ranging male Saharan sand viper, Cerastes vipera, was reported to be bimodal: a large peak in spring during spermatogenesis and mating, and a small peak in autumn, during spermatogenesis but without mating prior to hibernation. We hypothesized that DDT would be bimodal as well, the pattern coinciding with testosterone concentration. To test this hypothesis, we measured monthly DDT in free-ranging C. vipera of the same population at the same site, and compared the pattern with that of plasma testosterone concentrations reported earlier. A bimodal pattern in DDT was observed that coincided with testosterone concentration, and, therefore, our hypothesis was supported. This is the first study demonstrating a link between plasma testosterone concentration and DDT in a free-ranging animal; however, the link is correlational as there was no manipulation and cannot be attributed to a casual effect. Further studies are warranted to clarify the relationship between testosterone level and DDT.

睾丸激素水平与脊椎动物的繁殖和运动活动有关，甚至与一些无脊椎动物有关。然而，在自由放养的爬行动物中，睾酮浓度与每日移动距离（DDT）之间的关系尚未得到测试。这项研究的目的就是为了填补这一空白。据报道，自由放养的雄性撒哈拉沙蝰蛇（Cerastes vipera）的季节性血浆睾酮浓度呈双峰型：春季在精子发生和交配期间出现一个高峰，秋季在精子发生期间出现一个小高峰，但在冬眠前没有交配。我们假设滴滴涕也是双峰的，这种模式与睾酮浓度一致。为了验证这一假设，我们在同一地点自由放养的同一种群中每月测量滴滴涕，并将其与先前报道的血浆睾酮浓度进行比较。滴滴涕的双峰模式与睾酮浓度一致，因此，我们的假设得到了支持。这是首次在自由放养的动物中证明血浆睾酮浓度与滴滴涕之间存在联系的研究；然而，这种联系是相关的，因为没有人为操纵，不能归因于偶然的影响。需要进一步的研究来阐明睾酮水平和滴滴涕之间的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Regulation of the neuroendocrine stress axis in response to ammonia exposure in rainbow trout: Pharmacological and transcriptional evidence implicating serotonin and multiple hypophysiotropic peptides 虹鳟鱼对氨暴露的神经内分泌应激轴的调节：涉及血清素和多种垂体肽的药理学和转录证据

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114773

Mauro Chivite-Alcalde , Brett M. Culbert , Shayla Larson-Hossack , Jesús M. Míguez , Nicholas J. Bernier

Ammonia is neurotoxic and exposure to high environmental ammonia (HEA) activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis in teleosts. To gain insight into the neural factors that regulate the HPI axis in response to this environmental stressor, as well as elucidate potential interactions between these factors, we exposed rainbow trout to one of three ammonia levels (0, 650, 1000 μM NH₄Cl) for 24 or 96 h and assessed the gene expression and circulating levels of key determinants of HPI axis activity. In parallel with circulating ammonia concentrations, plasma cortisol levels increased dose-dependently after 24 h of HEA exposure and partially recovered after 96 h. HEA exposure also elicited dose-, time-, and brain region-specific changes in components of the central serotonergic (5-HTergic; tph2, htr1aa, htr1b, htr2c), corticotropin-releasing factor (crfb), arginine vasotocin (avt, avtr1a, avtr2), and isotocin (it, itr) signaling systems. Moreover, while intraperitoneal injections of 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_2C receptor antagonists reduced basal cortisol levels, treatment with 5-HT_1A and 5-HT_2C receptor antagonists blocked the increase in plasma cortisol elicited by HEA. Finally, treatment with specific 5-HT receptor antagonists blunted the HEA-induced increases in brain preoptic area crfb, avt, and it expression. These findings implicate 5-HT and multiple peptidergic systems in the hypophysiotropic regulation of the HPI axis in response to HEA exposure and provide novel insight into the multifactorial neural circuitry mediating the neuroendocrine stress response in fishes.

氨具有神经毒性，暴露于高环境氨（HEA）会激活硬骨鱼的下丘脑-垂体-肾间轴（HPI）。为了深入了解调节HPI轴响应环境应激的神经因素，并阐明这些因素之间的潜在相互作用，我们将虹鳟鱼暴露在三种氨水平（0、650、1000 μM NH4Cl）中的一种环境中24或96小时，并评估了HPI轴活性关键决定因素的基因表达和循环水平。与循环氨浓度平行，血浆皮质醇水平在HEA暴露24小时后呈剂量依赖性增加，并在96小时后部分恢复。HEA暴露还会引起中枢血清素能成分(5-羟色胺能；Tph2、htr1aa、htr1b、htr2c)、促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（crfb）、精氨酸缩后叶催产素（avt、avtr1a、avtr2）和异源催产素（it、itr）信号系统。此外，虽然腹腔注射5-HT1B和5-HT2C受体拮抗剂可降低基础皮质醇水平，但5-HT1A和5-HT2C受体拮抗剂可阻断HEA引起的血浆皮质醇升高。最后，用特异性5-HT受体拮抗剂治疗可以减弱hea诱导的脑视前区crfb、avt和它表达的增加。这些发现暗示5-HT和多种多肽系统参与了HEA暴露对HPI轴的促垂体调节，并为鱼类神经内分泌应激反应的多因子神经回路提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Early development of the glucocorticoid stress response in dyeing poison frog tadpoles 染色毒蛙蝌蚪糖皮质激素应激反应的早期发展

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114774

Lisa L. Surber-Cunningham , Lucas S. Jimenez , Lauren W. Mobo , Sarah E. Westrick , Eva K. Fischer

In vertebrates, the glucocorticoid “stress” response (corticosterone or cortisol) through the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis influences many essential functions, including behavior, metabolism, immunity, and ontogenetic transitions. During development, stress responses can be adaptive if they facilitate antipredator behavior and modulate developmental speed to adjust to environmental conditions; however, these same responses can be maladaptive when energetic costs become too high and developmental speed trades-off with size and health at maturity. Thus, the timing of HPA-axis development may be aligned with specific developmental challenges and opportunities presented by a species’ life history strategy. In anurans (frogs and toads), corticosterone plays critical roles in development and behavior, and concentrations can fluctuate in response to environmental stressors. Given the role of corticosterone in ontogenetic changes and behaviors, we studied the development of the glucocorticoid stress response in tadpoles of the dyeing poison frog (Dendrobates tinctorius), a species with a unique life history that includes transport to water after hatching on land and aggressive and cannibalistic behavior. We measured the excretion rate and whole-body concentration of corticosterone and the corticosterone response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in free-swimming tadpoles after transport and throughout metamorphosis. We found no significant differences across development in excretion rates or whole-body concentration of corticosterone, nor corticosterone response to ACTH, indicating that that the glucocorticoid response develops early in ontogeny. This pattern differs from those in other species, suggesting the unique ecological pressures faced by D. tinctorius have shaped the development of the glucocorticoid stress response in this species. More broadly, this study illustrates how life history strategies and tradeoffs impact the timing of the development of stress responsivity.

在脊椎动物中，糖皮质激素“应激”反应（皮质酮或皮质醇）通过下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴影响许多基本功能，包括行为、代谢、免疫和个体发生转变。在发育过程中，如果应激反应促进反捕食者行为和调节发育速度以适应环境条件，则应激反应可能是适应性的；然而，当能量成本过高，发育速度与成熟时的大小和健康相权衡时，这些相同的反应可能会不适应。因此，hpa轴发育的时间可能与物种生活史策略所呈现的特定发育挑战和机遇相一致。在无尾动物（青蛙和蟾蜍）中，皮质酮在发育和行为中起着关键作用，其浓度会随着环境压力的变化而波动。鉴于皮质酮在个体发生变化和行为中的作用，我们研究了染色毒蛙（dendroates tinctorius）蝌蚪糖皮质激素应激反应的发展。染色毒蛙是一种具有独特生活史的物种，包括在陆地上孵化后转移到水中，以及攻击性和同类相食行为。我们测量了自由游泳蝌蚪在运输后和整个变态过程中皮质酮的排泄率和全身皮质酮浓度，以及皮质酮对促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）的反应。我们发现皮质酮的排泄率、全身浓度以及皮质酮对ACTH的反应在发育过程中没有显著差异，这表明糖皮质激素反应在个体发育早期就出现了。这一模式不同于其他物种，表明该物种所面临的独特生态压力塑造了该物种糖皮质激素应激反应的发展。更广泛地说，这项研究说明了生活史策略和权衡如何影响压力反应发展的时间。

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引用次数: 0

Multifaceted role and regulation of neuropeptide Y in the ovary of wall lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis 神经肽Y在壁虎卵巢中的多面作用及调控。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114772

Vishesh Chauhan , Umesh Rai , Mamta Tripathy , Sunil Kumar

The role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in regulating ovarian functions has primarily been studied in mammals, while it remains meagrely explored in non-mammalian vertebrates. Our study is the first to report ovarian expression of npy and its receptor, npyr, in a reptile, Hemidactylus flaviviridis. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated high expression of npy/npyr during early and late recrudescence, while significantly low levels were noted during regression. The study also examined role of NPY in modulating lizard ovarian functions, wherein in vitro treatment of recrudescent ovaries with NPY increased the mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic gene B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl 2), and suppressed pro-apoptotic gene cysteine-aspartic acid protease-3 (caspase 3). NPY also stimulated cell proliferation/differentiation markers; stem cell factor (scf), receptor tyrosine kinase (c-kit), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna), growth differentiation factor-9 (gdf-9), bone morphogenetic protein-15 (bmp-15), as well as gonadotropin and sex steroid receptors, follicle stimulating hormone receptor (fshr), estrogen receptor α, β (er-α, er-β), and progesterone receptor (pr). Also, NPY influenced ovarian steroidogenesis by upregulating steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (star) and cytochrome P450a family 19 (cyp19) mRNA expression. However, steroid estimation by ELISA indicates NPY-mediated differential modulation of steroidogenesis as progesterone production was elevated, while estradiol production was inhibited. Further, ovarian npy/npyr was differentially regulated by gonadotropin, sex steroids, neuropeptides, and adipokines. Expression of ligand and receptor was stimulated by 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 17β-estradiol (E₂), kisspeptin, leptin, and nesfatin-1 but inhibited by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and substance P. Taken together, present study provides a comprehensive picture of ovarian npy/npyr in wall lizard.

神经肽Y （NPY）在调节卵巢功能中的作用主要是在哺乳动物中研究的，而在非哺乳动物脊椎动物中研究的很少。我们的研究首次报道了npy及其受体npyr在爬行动物黄颡鱼（Hemidactylus flavviridis）卵巢中的表达。实时荧光定量PCR分析显示，npy/npyr在早期和晚期复发期间高表达，而在回归期间显著低表达。该研究还研究了NPY在调节蜥蜴卵巢功能中的作用，其中NPY在体外治疗复发卵巢时增加了抗凋亡基因b细胞淋巴瘤2 （bcl 2）的mRNA表达，抑制了促凋亡基因半胱氨酸-天冬氨酸蛋白酶3 （caspase 3）。NPY还能刺激细胞增殖/分化标志物；干细胞因子（scf）、受体酪氨酸激酶（c-kit）、增殖细胞核抗原（pcna）、生长分化因子-9 （gdf-9）、骨形态发生蛋白-15 (bmp-15)，以及促性腺激素和性类固醇受体、促卵泡激素受体（fshr）、雌激素受体α、β （er-α、er-β）和孕激素受体（pr）。此外，NPY通过上调类固醇急性调节蛋白（star）和细胞色素P450a家族19 (cyp19) mRNA表达，影响卵巢类固醇生成。然而，通过酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）对类固醇的测定表明，npy介导的类固醇生成差异调节是由于孕酮的产生升高，而雌二醇的产生受到抑制。此外，卵巢npy/npyr受促性腺激素、性类固醇、神经肽和脂肪因子的差异调节。5α-二氢睾酮（DHT）、17β-雌二醇（E2）、kisspeptin、leptin和nesfatin-1刺激了配体和受体的表达，而卵泡刺激素（FSH）和p物质则抑制了配体和受体的表达。

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引用次数: 0

Repeated exogenous hormone administration decreases sperm quantity and quality in threatened frog species (Litoria aurea) 重复使用外源激素会降低濒危蛙种（Litoria aurea）的精子数量和质量。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114771

Shalinie Navaratne, Venice Chan, Amanda Poh, Prabhath Meegamage, Laura A Brannelly

Assisted reproductive technologies are important for protecting threatened amphibian species globally. These technologies can overcome amphibian breeding failure and improve threatened species management and research quality in the fields of reproductive biology and ecology. One assisted reproductive technology is inducing spermiation using exogenous hormone injections. However, the impacts of repeatedly administering exogenous hormones on sperm quality and quantity remain poorly understood. In this study we repeatedly administered an exogenous hormone — human chorionic gonadotropin — in the threatened Australian frog species, Litoria aurea. We analysed sperm quantity and quality over 3–4 hormonal administrations at biweekly, weekly, and fortnightly frequencies (n = 6 for each group). Sperm quality and quantity were assessed at three timepoints over a 6-hour period following each hormonal administration (hours 2, 4, and 6 post-injection). We found that repeated administrations significantly reduced sperm quantity and quality via reduced concentration, volume, total sperm counts, and viability. With repeated administrations, the timing of sperm release varied: after only one administration, sperm was released equivalently in hours 2, 4 and 6 post-injection, whereas after several administrations, sperm release was delayed such that 6 hr post-injection produced higher quantity and quality sperm. Overall, our results demonstrate that repeated hormonal administration of male L. aurea reduces sperm quantity and quality, and individuals will need substantial time to regenerate sperm between administrations.

辅助生殖技术对保护全球濒危两栖动物物种具有重要意义。这些技术可以克服两栖动物繁殖失败的问题，提高生殖生物学和生态学领域的濒危物种管理和研究质量。一种辅助生殖技术是使用外源性激素注射诱导精子。然而，反复使用外源激素对精子质量和数量的影响仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们在濒危的澳大利亚蛙种Litoria aurea中反复施用外源性激素-人绒毛膜促性腺激素。我们分析了每两周、每一周和每两周给药3-4次的精子数量和质量（n = 6）。在每次给药后6小时内的三个时间点（注射后2、4和6小时）评估精子质量和数量。我们发现，通过降低精子浓度、体积、精子总数和活力，反复给药显著降低了精子数量和质量。通过多次给药，精子释放的时间发生了变化：仅一次给药后，精子在注射后2小时、4小时和6小时释放相同，而几次给药后，精子释放被推迟，以至于注射后6 h产生的精子数量和质量更高。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，反复给雄性金冠乳杆菌激素会降低精子的数量和质量，并且个体在两次给药之间需要大量的时间来再生精子。

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引用次数: 0

Age-related changes in fecal adrenal androgen levels in hylobatids 水肿患者粪便肾上腺雄激素水平的年龄相关性变化

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114766

Emilee N. Hart , Susan Margulis , Rafaela S.C. Takeshita

Adrenarche, or the postnatal activation of the adrenal gland, is a phenomenon exclusive to some primates that is evidenced by high levels of the hormones dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfated form (DHEAS), independent of the onset of puberty. Within primates, two patterns of adrenal secretions occur: a prepubertal increase in DHEAS levels (adrenarche) that has been reported in humans and great apes, and a continuous postnatal decline on DHEAS levels with age, observed in cercopithecines (e.g., macaques and baboons). Our research seeks to determine the pattern of DHEAS secretion during hylobatid development. DHEAS was measured by enzyme immunoassay in cross-sectional fecal samples from 35 female and 29 male zoo-housed hylobatids (Hylobates, Nomascus, Symphalangus) ranging from age 1 to 54 years. Additionally, we measured longitudinal fecal samples from 7 female hylobatids under human care (6 Nomascus, 1 Hoolock). Our study tested the effects of age, sex, and genus on fecal DHEAS levels using generalized linear mixed-effects models. The models were separated by genus and showed that age was positively correlated with a prepubertal increase in fecal DHEAS across all genera, indicating that the hylobatids exhibit delayed adrenarche. A significant effect of sex was only identified in the Symphalangus model. Results from adult and old hylobatids did not exhibit decreasing DHEAS associated with adrenal senescence, which is characteristic of humans and other primates. The evidence of a delayed DHEAS increase observed across all hylobatid genera suggests a shared developmental characteristic among all ape species.

肾上腺增生，或称出生后肾上腺的激活，是一些灵长类动物独有的现象，其证据是脱氢表雄酮（DHEA）及其硫酸化形式（DHEAS）的高水平，与青春期的开始无关。在灵长类动物中，肾上腺分泌出现两种模式：在人类和类人猿中报道的青春期前DHEAS水平（肾上腺素）增加，以及在猕猴（如猕猴和狒狒）中观察到的出生后DHEAS水平随着年龄的增长而持续下降。我们的研究旨在确定在球体发育过程中DHEAS分泌的模式。采用酶免疫分析法对35只雌性和29只雄性动物（Hylobates, Nomascus, Symphalangus）的横切粪便样本进行了DHEAS测定，这些动物的年龄从1岁到54岁不等。此外，我们还测量了7只雌性水虫在人类照料下的纵向粪便样本（6只Nomascus， 1只Hoolock）。我们的研究使用广义线性混合效应模型测试了年龄、性别和属对粪便DHEAS水平的影响。这些模型按属分开，结果显示年龄与所有属的粪便DHEAS在青春期前的增加呈正相关，表明水螅体表现出肾上腺素分泌延迟。性别的显著影响仅在Symphalangus模型中被确认。成年和老年水螅的结果没有显示出与肾上腺衰老相关的DHEAS下降，这是人类和其他灵长类动物的特征。DHEAS延迟增长的证据在所有舌虫属中观察到，这表明在所有猿类物种中有一个共同的发育特征。

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引用次数: 0

Asprosin modulates female reproductive functions in teleosts: An in vitro study in Channa punctata 芦笋素调节硬骨鱼雌性生殖功能的体外研究

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114770

Priyanka Sathoria , Anju Shrivastava , Umesh Rai , Brototi Roy

Asprosin regulates various aspects of physiology in mammals including reproduction. It is reported to profoundly affect both male and female reproductive functions including gametogenesis and steroidogenesis. Asprosin is the cleaved product of a profibrillin protein encoded by the fbn1 gene. For the first time in non-mammalian vertebrates, our group demonstrated the ubiquitous expression of fbn1 and characterized asprosin protein in silico in teleost Channa punctata commonly known as spotted snakehead (ss). Based on the prominent expression of the fbn1 gene and the reproductive phase-dependent temporal expression of fbn1 in the ovary of C. punctata, we hypothesized the regulatory role of asprosin in female reproduction similar to that reported in mammals. In vitro studies confirmed the effect of asprosin on the oogenesis and steroidogenesis in C. punctata. Asprosin significantly enhanced the expression of genes crucial for oogenesis such as pcna and gdf9. It also increased the transcription of gonadotropin receptors and sex steroid receptor genes. In addition to this, asprosin accentuated the expression of steroidogenic markers such as star and cyp17a1 along with 17α, 20β dihydroxy-progesterone levels. We also measured the levels of the second messenger cAMP in ovaries exposed to asprosin to explore the probability of GPCRs as asprosin receptors. However, asprosin could not alter the cAMP levels indicating that, in the ovary of teleosts, receptors other than GPCRs might be involved in transducing asprosin action. Thus, the present study in elucidates the important role of asprosin in modulating the ovarian functions in C. punctata.

Asprosin调节哺乳动物生理的各个方面，包括生殖。据报道，它深刻影响男性和女性的生殖功能，包括配子体发生和甾体发生。Asprosin是由fbn1基因编码的原纤维蛋白的裂解产物。本小组首次在非哺乳动物脊椎动物中证实了fbn1的普遍表达，并在斑点蛇头（ss）硬骨鱼（Channa punctata）中鉴定了asprosin蛋白。基于fbn1基因的显著表达以及fbn1在马斑弓形虫卵巢中生殖期依赖的时间表达，我们假设asprosin在雌性生殖中的调节作用类似于在哺乳动物中的报道。体外实验证实了芦笋素对马斑弓形虫卵生成和甾体生成的影响。Asprosin显著提高了pcna和gdf9等卵发生关键基因的表达。它还增加了促性腺激素受体和性类固醇受体基因的转录。此外，asprosin增强了甾体生成标志物如star和cyp17a1的表达以及17α， 20β二羟基孕酮的水平。我们还测量了暴露于asprosin的卵巢中第二信使cAMP的水平，以探索gpcr作为asprosin受体的可能性。然而，asprosin不能改变cAMP的水平，这表明在硬骨鱼卵巢中，可能有gpcr以外的受体参与了asprosin的转导作用。因此，本研究阐明了asprosin在针叶锦鸡卵巢功能调节中的重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Relationships between ambient temperature and diurnal variation in physiological responses to acute handling and restraint stress in the house sparrow, Passer domesticus 环境温度与家雀对急性处理和约束应激生理反应日变化的关系

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114767

Pierre Deviche , Sarah E. Polekoff , Ondi L. Crino , Justin R. Eastwood , Simon C. Griffith , Katherine L. Buchanan

Climate change is altering the frequency and intensity of environmental extremes, and the diurnal rates of environmental change. The daily reaction norms of wild animals show spatial and temporal plasticity to allow appropriate physiological responses to predictable environmental challenges, but these responses have rarely been quantified in wild birds. We addressed this by determining whether physiological stress indices (corticosterone [CORT], glucose [GLU], and circulating heat shock proteins [Hsp]) vary with ambient temperature (T_a) or time of day across a 6⁰ latitudinal gradient (32⁰–38⁰ S). We sampled house sparrows, Passer domesticus, at three locations with varying daily rates of T_a increases in 2015 and in 2019–2020 to determine whether physiological responses to capture and handling stress change diurnally. As predicted, plasma CORT and GLU increased during stress. Baseline CORT and GLU levels did not change during the day, but the amplitude of plasma CORT increase (delta CORT) in response to capture decreased as T_a increased, as was the case for GLU, in birds with initially high baseline CORT. Neither baseline nor stress-related plasma CORT or GLU differed consistently across sampling locations. Heat-shock cognate 70 (Hsc70) and heat-shock protein 90α (Hsp90) showed clear temporal dynamics across the day. Thus, the reaction norms of heat shock proteins are temporally plastic during the day and in response to daily T_a changes, as are the reaction norms of CORT and GLU in response to acute stress. However, the study provides little evidence for such plasticity in reaction norms as a function of average local thermal conditions.

气候变化正在改变环境极端事件的频率和强度，以及环境日变化速率。野生动物的日常反应规范表现出空间和时间的可塑性，使其能够对可预测的环境挑战做出适当的生理反应，但野生鸟类的这些反应很少被量化。我们通过确定生理应激指标（皮质酮[CORT]、葡萄糖[GLU]和循环热休克蛋白[Hsp]）是否随环境温度（Ta）或一天中60个纬度梯度（320-380 S）的时间变化来解决这一问题。在2015年和2019-2020年，我们在三个不同的地点采集了家雀（Passer domesticus）的样本，以确定对捕获和处理压力的生理反应是否每天都在变化。正如预测的那样，应激期间血浆CORT和GLU升高。基线CORT和GLU水平在白天没有变化，但在最初基线CORT高的鸟类中，血浆CORT升高幅度（δ CORT）随着Ta的增加而下降，GLU的情况也是如此。基线和应激相关血浆CORT或GLU在不同采样地点均无一致性差异。热休克同源蛋白70 （Hsc70）和热休克蛋白90α (Hsp90)在白天表现出明显的时间动态。因此，热休克蛋白的反应规范在白天和每天的Ta变化中具有暂时的可塑性，CORT和GLU对急性应激的反应规范也是如此。然而，该研究提供了很少的证据表明，这种可塑性的反应规范，作为平均局部热条件的函数。

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引用次数: 0