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Early-life glucocorticoids accelerate lymphocyte count senescence in roe deer 生命早期的糖皮质激素加速了狍子淋巴细胞数量的衰老。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114595

Immunosenescence corresponds to the progressive decline of immune functions with increasing age. Although it is critical to understand what modulates such a decline, the ecological and physiological drivers of immunosenescence remain poorly understood in the wild. Among them, the level of glucocorticoids (GCs) during early life are good candidates to modulate immunosenescence patterns because these hormones can have long-term consequences on individual physiology. Indeed, GCs act as regulators of energy allocation to ensure allostasis, are part of the stress response triggered by unpredictable events and have immunosuppressive effects when chronically elevated. We used longitudinal data collected over two decades in two populations of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) to test whether higher baseline GC levels measured within the first year of life were associated with a more pronounced immunosenescence and parasite susceptibility. We first assessed immunosenescence trajectories in these populations facing contrasting environmental conditions. Then, we found that juvenile GC levels can modulate lymphocyte trajectory. Lymphocyte depletion was accelerated late in life when GCs were elevated early in life. Although the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated, it could involve a role of GCs on thymic characteristics. In addition, elevated GC levels in juveniles were associated with a higher abundance of lung parasites during adulthood for individuals born during bad years, suggesting short-term negative effects of GCs on juvenile immunity, having in turn long-lasting consequences on adult parasite load, depending on juvenile environmental conditions. These findings offer promising research directions in assessing the carry-over consequences of GCs on life-history traits in the wild.

免疫衰老是指随着年龄的增长,免疫功能逐渐下降。尽管了解是什么因素调节了这种衰退至关重要,但对野生动物免疫衰老的生态和生理驱动因素仍然知之甚少。其中,生命早期的糖皮质激素(GCs)水平是调节免疫衰老模式的良好候选因素,因为这些激素会对个体生理产生长期影响。事实上,糖皮质激素是能量分配的调节剂,可确保异位平衡,是不可预测事件引发的应激反应的一部分,并且在长期升高时具有免疫抑制作用。我们利用在两个狍子种群中收集到的长达二十年的纵向数据,检验了在狍子出生后第一年测量到的较高基线 GC 水平是否与更明显的免疫衰老和寄生虫易感性有关。我们首先评估了这些面临截然不同环境条件的种群的免疫衰老轨迹。然后,我们发现幼年的 GC 水平可以调节淋巴细胞的轨迹。当 GC 在生命早期升高时,淋巴细胞在生命晚期会加速耗竭。虽然确切的机制仍有待阐明,但这可能与 GCs 对胸腺特征的作用有关。此外,幼年时期 GC 水平的升高与坏年出生的个体成年后肺部寄生虫数量的增加有关,这表明 GC 对幼年时期的免疫力有短期的负面影响,反过来又会对成年后的寄生虫数量产生长期影响,这取决于幼年时期的环境条件。这些发现为评估GCs对野外生活史特征的影响提供了很有前景的研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Effects and action mechanism of gonadotropins on ovarian follicular cells: A novel role of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P). A review 促性腺激素对卵泡细胞的影响和作用机制:1-磷酸腺苷(S1P)的新作用。综述。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114593

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) control antral follicular growth by regulating several processes, such as the synthesis of hormones and signaling molecules, proliferation, survival, apoptosis, luteinization, and ovulation. To exert these effects, gonadotropins bind to their respective Gs protein-coupled receptors, activating the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway or recruiting Gq proteins to activate protein kinase C (PKC) signaling. Although the action mechanism of FSH and LH is clear, recently, it has been shown that both gonadotropins promote the synthesis of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in granulosa and theca cells through the activation of sphingosine kinase 1. Moreover, the inhibition of SPHKs reduces S1P synthesis, cell viability, and the proliferation of follicular cells in response to gonadotropins, and the addition of S1P to the culture medium increases the proliferation of granulosa and theca cells without apparent effects on sexual steroid synthesis. Therefore, we consider that S1P is a crucial signaling molecule that complements the canonical gonadotropin pathway to promote the proliferation and viability of granulosa and theca cells.

卵泡刺激素(FSH)和黄体生成素(LH)通过调节激素和信号分子的合成、增殖、存活、凋亡、黄体化和排卵等多个过程来控制前卵泡的生长。为了发挥这些作用,促性腺激素与各自的Gs蛋白偶联受体结合,激活蛋白激酶A(PKA)途径或招募Gq蛋白激活蛋白激酶C(PKC)信号传导。尽管 FSH 和 LH 的作用机制已经明确,但最近的研究表明,这两种促性腺激素都能通过激活鞘磷脂激酶 1 促进颗粒细胞和癌细胞中鞘磷脂-1-磷酸(S1P)的合成。此外,抑制 SPHKs 会降低 S1P 的合成、细胞活力和卵泡细胞对促性腺激素的增殖反应,而在培养基中添加 S1P 会增加颗粒细胞和癌细胞的增殖,但对性类固醇的合成无明显影响。因此,我们认为S1P是一种重要的信号分子,它补充了典型的促性腺激素途径,促进颗粒细胞和theca细胞的增殖和活力。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of corazonin signaling in a molluscan model species, Lymnaea stagnalis 软体动物模式物种锚鳋中珊瑚皂苷信号转导的特征。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114594

In recent years, new concepts have emerged regarding the nomenclature, functions, and relationships of different peptide families of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) superfamily. One of the main driving forces for this originated from the emerging evidence that neuropeptides previously called molluscan GnRH are multifunctional and should be classified as corazonin (CRZ). However, research articles still appear that use incorrect nomenclature and attribute the same function to molluscan CRZs as vertebrate GnRHs. The aim of the present study was to further support the recent interpretation of the origin and function of the GnRH superfamily. Towards this goal, we report the characterization of CRZ signaling system in the molluscan model species, the great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis). We detected a CRZ-receptor-like sequence (Lym-CRZR) by homology-searching in the Lymnaea transcriptomes and the deduced amino acid sequence showed high sequence similarity to GnRH receptors and CRZ receptors. Molecular phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated that Lym-CRZR is included in the cluster of molluscan CRZRs. Lym-CRZR transiently transfected into HEK293 cells was found to be localized at the plasma membrane, confirming that it functions as a membrane receptor, like other G protein-coupled receptors. The signaling assays revealed that the previously identified Lym-CRZ neuropeptide stimulated intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in a dose-dependent manner, but not cyclic AMP production, in HEK293 cells transfected with Lym-CRZR. Finally, we demonstrated a wide tissue distribution of Lym-CRZR. These results suggest that Lym-CRZ is a multifunctional peptide and provide further insights into the evolution of the GnRH neuropeptide superfamily. The present study also supports the notion that previously termed molluscan “GnRH” should be classified as “CRZ”.

近年来,关于促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)超家族不同肽家族的命名、功能和关系出现了新的概念。其中一个主要推动力来自于新出现的证据,即以前被称为软体动物 GnRH 的神经肽具有多功能性,应归类为珊瑚素(CRZ)。然而,仍有一些研究文章使用错误的命名法,将软体动物的 CRZ 与脊椎动物的 GnRH 赋予相同的功能。本研究的目的是进一步支持最近对 GnRH 超家族起源和功能的解释。为此,我们报告了软体动物模式物种大塘螺(Lymnaea stagnalis)中 CRZ 信号系统的特征。通过同源搜索,我们在大塘鳢转录组中发现了一个类似 CRZ 受体的序列(Lym-CRZR),其推导出的氨基酸序列与 GnRH 受体和 CRZ 受体的序列相似度很高。分子系统树分析表明,Lym-CRZR属于软体动物CRZR群。瞬时转染到 HEK293 细胞中的 Lym-CRZR 被发现定位于质膜,这证实了它与其他 G 蛋白偶联受体一样是一种膜受体。信号传导实验显示,在转染了 Lym-CRZR 的 HEK293 细胞中,先前确定的 Lym-CRZ 神经肽能以剂量依赖的方式刺激细胞内 Ca2+ 的调动,但不能刺激环 AMP 的产生。最后,我们证实了 Lym-CRZR 在组织中的广泛分布。这些结果表明,Lym-CRZ 是一种多功能肽,并进一步揭示了 GnRH 神经肽超家族的进化过程。本研究还支持了之前被称为软体动物 "GnRH "的物质应归类为 "CRZ "的观点。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of tannic acid on adiponectin and gonads in male Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) 单宁酸对雄性布氏田鼠(Lasiopodomys brandtii)脂肪连接蛋白和性腺的影响
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114592

Adiponectin regulates steroid production and influences gonadal development. This study examined the effects of tannic acid (TA) on the adiponectin levels and gonads of male Brandt’s voles. Male Brandt’s voles aged 90 d were randomly separated into three groups: a control group (provided distilled water), a group given 600 mg∙kg-1 TA, and a group that received 1200 mg∙kg-1 TA (continuous gavage for 18 d). In this study, we examined the effects of TA on the adiponectin, antioxidant, and inflammatory levels in the testes. Furthermore, we examined the expression of important regulatory elements that influence adiponectin expression and glucose utilisation. In addition, the body weight, reproductive organ weight, and testicular shape were assessed. Our study observed that TA treatment increased serum adiponectin levels, DsbA-L and Ero1-Lα transcription levels, and AdipoR1, AMPK, GLUT1, and MCT4 expression levels in testicular tissue. TA enhanced pyruvate and lactic acid levels in the testicular tissue, boosted catalase activity, and reduced MDA concentrations. TA reduced the release of inflammatory factors in the testicular tissues of male Brandt’s voles. TA increased the inner diameter of the seminiferous tubules. In conclusion, TA appears to stimulate adiponectin secretion and gonadal growth in male Brandt’s voles while acting as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.

脂联素调节类固醇的产生并影响性腺的发育。本研究考察了单宁酸(TA)对雄性布氏田鼠脂肪连接蛋白水平和性腺的影响。将年龄为90 d的雄性布氏田鼠随机分为三组:对照组(提供蒸馏水)、给予600 mg∙kg-1 TA的组和给予1200 mg∙kg-1 TA(连续灌胃18 d)的组。在这项研究中,我们考察了TA对睾丸中脂肪连接蛋白、抗氧化剂和炎症水平的影响。此外,我们还研究了影响脂肪连蛋白表达和葡萄糖利用的重要调节因子的表达。此外,我们还评估了体重、生殖器官重量和睾丸形状。我们的研究发现,TA处理可提高血清中的脂肪连素水平、DsbA-L和Ero1-Lα的转录水平,以及睾丸组织中AdipoR1、AMPK、GLUT1和MCT4的表达水平。TA提高了睾丸组织中丙酮酸和乳酸的水平,增强了过氧化氢酶的活性,降低了MDA浓度。TA减少了雄性布氏田鼠睾丸组织中炎性因子的释放。TA增加了曲细精管的内径。总之,TA似乎能刺激雄性布氏田鼠的脂肪连接素分泌和性腺生长,同时还能起到抗氧化和抗炎作用。
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引用次数: 0
Disruption in cortisol synchrony and pair-dissolution in the serially monogamous convict cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) 皮质醇同步性紊乱与单配偶制罪犯慈鲷(Amatitlania nigrofasciata)的配对解体
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114589

Endocrine synchronization is a biological process often associated with social bonding. The mechanisms that mediate this process have been well studied in many vertebrate clades with evolved complex social behaviors. However, studies focusing on such processes in the less neurologically complex teleost clade are surprisingly lacking. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that mated pairs of convict cichlids (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) perform cortisol synchronization and that the disruption of this might accompany pair-bond instability. Mated pairs were subjected to both behavioral and non-invasive waterborne hormonal assays to better understand the biological complexity of endocrine synchrony and its role in pair-bonding. Baseline cortisol assays indicated a positive correlation between male and female cortisol levels. Individuals that were subjected to a prolonged separation from their mate exhibited a negative correlation in cortisol synchrony after being reunited with their mate. Cortisol synchrony was disrupted, but pairs did not show a significant variance of intrapair aggression after initial pair reunion. However, more than half of the pairs that received the stressor exhibited significantly higher levels of intrapair aggression than their time matched controls approximately 1–7 days following this reunion, indicating pair-dissolution. Concurrently, pairs who underwent the stressor but maintained their bonds did not display an increase in intrapair aggression and also re-synchronized their cortisol levels. Not only does this study provide crucial insights in regard to the role of cortisol synchrony in serially monogamous systems, but it also suggests that the mechanisms that mediate the synchronization of endocrine through the formation of social bonds are more evolutionarily conserved than originally thought.

内分泌同步是一个通常与社会联系相关的生物过程。在许多进化出复杂社会行为的脊椎动物支系中,对这一过程的中介机制进行了深入研究。然而,对神经系统不太复杂的远洋鱼类的这种过程的研究却出人意料地缺乏。在这项研究中,我们探讨了这样一个假设,即交配对的搐尾慈鲷(Amatitlania nigrofasciata)会进行皮质醇同步化,而这种同步化的破坏可能会伴随着配对关系的不稳定。为了更好地了解内分泌同步的生物复杂性及其在配对结合中的作用,我们对交配对进行了行为和非侵入性的水载激素测定。基线皮质醇检测表明,雌雄皮质醇水平呈正相关。与配偶长期分离的个体在与配偶团聚后,皮质醇同步性表现出负相关。皮质醇同步性受到破坏,但在最初的配对重聚后,配对间的攻击性并没有表现出显著的差异。然而,在重聚后的大约1-7天内,一半以上接受了应激源的配对表现出明显高于时间匹配对照组的配对内攻击性水平,这表明配对解体了。与此同时,接受了应激源但保持了亲情的配对没有表现出配对间攻击性的增加,而且他们的皮质醇水平也重新同步了。这项研究不仅为皮质醇同步在一夫一妻制系统中的作用提供了重要的见解,而且还表明,通过形成社会纽带来介导内分泌同步的机制在进化过程中比原来想象的更加保守。
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引用次数: 0
The adipokine profile in the plasma and anterior pituitary of pigs during the estrous cycle 发情周期中猪血浆和垂体前叶中的脂肪因子谱。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114588

Adipokines play crucial roles in both reproductive and energy metabolic processes. This study aimed to compare the hormonal plasma profile of adiponectin, apelin, vaspin, chemerin, resistin, visfatin, and adipolin, and the expression of their receptors in the anterior pituitary (AP) between normal-weight Large White (LW) and fat Meishan (MS) pigs during different phases of the estrous cycle. We measured adipokine levels in the plasma and assessed their gene expression in the AP. We used Pearson’s correlation analysis to examine potential links between adipokines levels, their receptors, and metabolic parameters (body weight; backfat thickness) and reproductive parameters (pituitary weight; age at puberty; levels of gonadotropins, steroid hormones; and gene expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor and gonadotropins in AP). The plasma levels of the evaluated adipokines fluctuated with phase and breed, except for visfatin and adipolin. Moreover, adipokine expression in AP varied significantly between breeds and estrous cycle phases, except for resistin receptor CAP1. Notably, we observed a positive correlation between plasma levels of adiponectin and its transcript in the AP only in MS pigs. Apelin gene expression correlated negatively with its receptor in MS, while we observed a breed-dependent correlation between chemerin gene expression and its receptor CMKLR1. We identified significant positive or negative correlations between adipokines or their receptor levels in plasma and AP as well as metabolic or reproductive parameters, depending on the breed. In conclusion, we have demonstrated breed-specific and estrous cycle-dependent regulation of adipokines in AP, underscoring their potential impact on metabolic and reproductive processes in swine.

脂肪因子在生殖和能量代谢过程中起着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在比较正常体重的大白猪(LW)和肥美的眉山猪(MS)在发情周期不同阶段的血浆中脂联素、apelin、vaspin、chemerin、resistin、visfatin和adipolin的激素谱以及它们在垂体前叶(AP)中受体的表达。我们测量了血浆中脂肪因子的水平,并评估了它们在垂体前叶的基因表达。我们使用皮尔逊相关分析来研究脂肪因子水平及其受体与代谢参数(体重、背膘厚度)和繁殖参数(垂体重量、青春期年龄、促性腺激素和类固醇激素水平、促性腺激素释放激素受体和促性腺激素在AP中的基因表达)之间的潜在联系。除粘蛋白和脂肪素外,所评估的脂肪因子的血浆水平随阶段和品种而波动。此外,除了抵抗素受体 CAP1 外,不同品种和发情周期阶段的 AP 中脂肪因子的表达也有显著差异。值得注意的是,我们观察到只有 MS 猪血浆中的脂肪连蛋白水平与其在 AP 中的转录物呈正相关。在 MS 中,凋亡素基因表达与其受体呈负相关,而我们观察到,螯合素基因表达与其受体 CMKLR1 之间的相关性取决于品种。我们发现血浆中的脂肪因子或其受体水平与 AP 以及代谢或繁殖参数之间存在明显的正相关或负相关,这取决于不同的品种。总之,我们证明了猪AP中的脂肪因子受特定品种和发情周期的调控,强调了它们对猪代谢和繁殖过程的潜在影响。
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引用次数: 0
MicroRNAs are involved in ovarian physiology of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) under captivity 微RNA参与人工饲养的大琥珀鱼(Seriola dumerili)的卵巢生理。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114581

Gonad maturation is critical for the reproductive success of any organism, and in fish, captivity can significantly affect their reproductive performance, leading to maturation incompetence and spawning failure. The greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili), a fish species recently introduced to aquaculture fails to undergo oocyte maturation, ovulation, and spawning when reared in aquaculture facilities. Since confinement has been shown to influence gonad maturation and completion of the reproductive cycle, investigations into epigenetic mechanisms may shed light on the reasoning behind the reproductive dysfunctions of fish under captivity. Among the known important epigenetic regulators are small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), and in particular microRNAs (miRNAs). In this study, immature, maturing (late vitellogenesis), and spent ovaries of captive greater amberjack were collected, and the differential expression of miRNAs in the three different ovarian development stages was examined. Expression patterns of conserved and novel miRNAs were identified, and potential targets of highly differentially expressed miRNAs were detected. Additionally, read length distribution showed two prominent peaks in the three different ovarian maturation stages, corresponding to miRNAs and putative piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), another type of ncRNAs with a germ-cell specific role. Furthermore, miRNA expression patterns and their putative target mRNAs are discussed, in relevance with the different ovarian maturation stages of captive greater amberjack. Overall, this study provides insights into the role of miRNAs in the reproductive dysfunctions observed in fish under captivity and highlights the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in understanding and managing the reproductive performance of economically important fish species.

性腺成熟对任何生物的繁殖成功都至关重要,而对于鱼类来说,人工饲养会严重影响其繁殖性能,导致成熟无能和产卵失败。大琥珀鱼(Seriola dumerili)是最近引入水产养殖的一种鱼类,在水产养殖设施中饲养时无法进行卵母细胞成熟、排卵和产卵。由于圈养已被证明会影响性腺成熟和生殖周期的完成,因此对表观遗传机制的研究可能会揭示圈养鱼类生殖功能障碍背后的原因。已知的重要表观遗传调节因子包括小型非编码 RNA(sncRNA),尤其是 microRNA(miRNA)。本研究收集了人工饲养的大琥珀鱼的未成熟卵巢、成熟卵巢(卵黄发生晚期)和废卵巢,并研究了 miRNA 在三个不同卵巢发育阶段的不同表达。研究发现了保守和新型 miRNA 的表达模式,并检测了高差异表达 miRNA 的潜在靶标。此外,读长分布显示在三个不同的卵巢成熟阶段有两个显著的峰值,分别对应于miRNA和推测的piwi-interacting RNA(piRNA),piwi-interacting RNA是另一类具有生殖细胞特异性作用的ncRNA。此外,还讨论了与圈养大琥珀鱼不同卵巢成熟阶段相关的 miRNA 表达模式及其假定靶 mRNA。总之,这项研究深入探讨了 miRNA 在人工饲养鱼类生殖功能障碍中的作用,并强调了表观遗传机制在了解和管理具有重要经济价值的鱼类物种的生殖性能方面的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Crustacean endocrinology: Sexual differentiation and potential application for aquaculture 甲壳动物内分泌学:性分化和在水产养殖中的潜在应用。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114578

Crustaceans, which represent a significant subset of arthropods, are classified into three major classes: Ostracoda, Malacostraca, and Branchiopoda. Among them, sex manipulation in decapod species from the Malacostraca class has been extensively researched for aquaculture purposes and to study reproductive physiology and sexual plasticity. Some decapods exhibit sexual dimorphism that influences their biological and economic value. Monosex culture, in which only one sex is cultivated, increases production yields while reducing the risk of invasiveness, as genetic leakage into natural waters is less likely to occur. Differences in yield are also observed when cultivating different sexes, with all-male cultures of Macrobrachium rosenbergii being more profitable than both mixed and all-female cultures. Research on decapod sexual differentiation has led to a better understanding of sex determination and sexual differentiation processes in arthropods. Similar to most mammals and other vertebrate classes, Malacostraca crustaceans, including decapods, exhibit a cell-non-autonomous mode of sexual development. Genetic factors (e.g., sex chromosomes) and endocrine factors (e.g., insulin-like androgenic gland factor and crustacean female sex hormone) play pivotal roles in the development of sexually dimorphic traits. This review synthesizes the existing understanding of sex determination mechanisms and the role of sex hormones in decapod species. Additionally, it provides an overview of the methyl farnesoate, which has been suggested to be involved in male sex differentiation in some crab species, as well as the phenomenon of male-to-female sex reversal in host decapods caused by parasitic crustaceans.

甲壳动物是节肢动物的一个重要分支,可分为三大类:甲壳动物主要分为三大类:有尾目、无尾目和分支目。其中,为了水产养殖、研究生殖生理和性可塑性,人们广泛研究了孔口纲十足目物种的性别操纵。一些十足目动物表现出性双态性,这影响了它们的生物和经济价值。单性养殖,即只养殖一种性别,可提高产量,同时降低入侵风险,因为基因泄漏到自然水域的可能性较小。在养殖不同性别的鱼类时,产量也存在差异,全雄性养殖的鲫鱼比混合养殖和全雌性养殖的鲫鱼更有利可图。对十足目动物性分化的研究使人们对节肢动物的性别决定和性分化过程有了更好的了解。与大多数哺乳动物和其他脊椎动物类似,马拉科甲壳动物(包括十足目)的性发育也表现出细胞非自主模式。遗传因素(如性染色体)和内分泌因素(如胰岛素样雄激素性腺因子和甲壳动物雌性激素)在性二态性状的发育中起着关键作用。本综述综述了对十足目物种性别决定机制和性激素作用的现有认识。此外,它还概述了法尼苏酸甲酯(有人认为它参与了某些蟹类物种的雄性性别分化)以及寄生甲壳动物导致寄主十足目动物雄性变雌性的现象。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative analysis of Krüppel-like factors expression in the retinas of zebrafish and mice during development and after injury 斑马鱼和小鼠视网膜发育过程中及损伤后克鲁珀尔样因子表达的比较分析。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114579
José Ávila-Mendoza , Valeria A. Urban-Sosa , Iván Lazcano , Aurea Orozco , Maricela Luna , Carlos G. Martínez-Moreno , Carlos Arámburo

The Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) have emerged as important transcriptional regulators of various cellular processes, including neural development. Some of them have been described as intrinsic factors involved in axon regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) of vertebrates. Zebrafish are known for their ability to regenerate several tissues in adulthood, including the CNS, a capability lost during vertebrate evolution and absent in adult mammals. The role that KLFs could play in this differential ability remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the endogenous response of certain KLFs implicated in axon regeneration (KLFs 6, 7, 9, and 13) during retina development and after axon injury. The results showed that the expression of Klfs 6, 7, and 13 decreases in the developing retina of mice but not in zebrafish, while the mRNA levels of Klf9 strongly increase in both species. The response to injury was further analyzed using optic nerve crush (ONC) as a model of lesion. Our analysis during the acute phase (hours) demonstrated an induction of Klfs 6 and 7 expression exclusively in the zebrafish retina, while Klfs 9 and 13 mRNA levels increased in both species. Further analysis of the chronic response (days) showed that mRNA levels of Klf6 transiently increase in the retinas of both zebrafish and mice, whereas those of Klf7 decrease later after optic nerve injury. In addition, the analysis revealed that the expression of Klf9 decreases, while that of Klf13 increases in the retinas of zebrafish in response to optic nerve injury but remains unaltered in mice. Altogether, these findings support the hypothesis that KLFs may play a role in the differential axon regeneration abilities exhibited by fish and mice.

克鲁珀尔样因子(KLFs)已成为包括神经发育在内的各种细胞过程的重要转录调节因子。其中一些因子已被描述为参与脊椎动物中枢神经系统(CNS)轴突再生的内在因子。斑马鱼因其在成年后能再生多种组织(包括中枢神经系统)而闻名,这种能力在脊椎动物进化过程中丧失,成年哺乳动物也不具备这种能力。KLFs 在这种能力差异中可能扮演的角色仍然未知。因此,在本研究中,我们分析了与轴突再生有关的某些 KLFs(KLFs 6、7、9 和 13)在视网膜发育过程中和轴突损伤后的内源性反应。结果表明,Klfs 6、7 和 13 在小鼠视网膜发育过程中的表达量减少,但在斑马鱼视网膜发育过程中的表达量却没有减少,而 Klf9 的 mRNA 水平在这两种鱼类中都强烈增加。以视神经挤压(ONC)为病变模型,进一步分析了损伤的反应。我们在急性期(数小时)的分析表明,斑马鱼视网膜只诱导了 Klfs 6 和 7 的表达,而两种鱼的 Klfs 9 和 13 mRNA 水平都有所增加。对慢性反应(天数)的进一步分析表明,斑马鱼和小鼠视网膜中 Klf6 的 mRNA 水平都会短暂升高,而 Klf7 的 mRNA 水平在视神经损伤后会降低。此外,分析还发现,斑马鱼视网膜在视神经损伤后,Klf9的表达量减少,而Klf13的表达量增加,但在小鼠视网膜中却没有变化。总之,这些发现支持了 KLFs 可能在鱼类和小鼠表现出的不同轴突再生能力中发挥作用的假设。
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引用次数: 0
Expression of Tshb and Tshr in the ricefield eel Monopterus albus: Potential paracrine/autocrine roles in gonads 稻田鳗Tshb和Tshr的表达:性腺中潜在的旁分泌/自分泌作用
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114580
Xu Yang , Yangsheng Wu , Shen Zhang , Riping Gan , Zhe Wang , Lihong Zhang , Weimin Zhang

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), a glycoprotein synthesized and secreted from thyrotrophs of the pituitary gland, is composed of a glycoprotein hormone common alpha subunit (CGA) and a specific beta subunit (TSHB). The major biological function of TSH is to stimulate thyroidal follicles to synthesize and secrete thyroid hormones through activating its cognate receptor, the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). In the present study, polyclonal antisera against ricefield eel Tshb and Tshr were generated respectively, and the expression of Tshb and Tshr was examined at mRNA and protein levels. RT-PCR analysis showed that tshb mRNA was expressed mainly in the pituitary as well as in some extrapituitary tissues including the ovary and testis. Tshr mRNA was also expressed in a tissue-specific manner, with transcripts detected in tissues including the kidney, ovary, and testis. The immunoreactive Tshb signals in the pituitary were shown to be localized to the inner areas of adenohypophysis which are close to the neurohypophysis of adult ricefield eels. Tshb-immunoreatvie cells in the pituitary of ricefield eel larvae were firstly observed at hatching. The expression of immunoreactive Tshb and Cga was also detected in ricefield eel ovary and testis together with Tshr. In the ovary, immunoreactive Tshb, Cga, and Tshr were observed in oocytes and granulosa cells. In the testis, immunoreactive Tshb was mainly observed in Sertoli cells while immunoreactive Cga and Tshr were detected in germ cells as well as somatic cells. Results of the present study suggest that Tsh may be synthesized both in the ovary and testis locally, which may play paracrine and/or autocrine roles in gonadal development in ricefield eels.

促甲状腺激素(TSH)是一种糖蛋白,由垂体的甲状腺滋养细胞合成和分泌,由糖蛋白激素通用α亚基(CGA)和特异β亚基(TSHB)组成。促甲状腺激素的主要生物学功能是通过激活其同源受体--促甲状腺激素受体(TSHR)来刺激甲状腺滤泡合成和分泌甲状腺激素。本研究分别制备了针对稻田鳗Tshb和Tshr的多克隆抗体,并在mRNA和蛋白质水平上检测了Tshb和Tshr的表达。RT-PCR分析表明,tshb mRNA主要在垂体以及一些垂体外组织(包括卵巢和睾丸)中表达。Tshr mRNA的表达也有组织特异性,在肾脏、卵巢和睾丸等组织中都检测到了转录本。垂体中的免疫反应性 Tshb 信号被证明定位在靠近成年稻田鳗神经干酪的腺干酪内侧区域。稻田鳗幼体垂体中的Tshb免疫反应细胞在孵化时首次被观察到。在稻田鳗的卵巢和睾丸中也发现了免疫活性 Tshb 和 Cga 以及 Tshr 的表达。在卵巢中,卵母细胞和颗粒细胞中观察到免疫活性 Tshb、Cga 和 Tshr。在睾丸中,免疫活性 Tsh 主要存在于 Sertoli 细胞中,而免疫活性 Cga 和 Tshr 则存在于生殖细胞和体细胞中。本研究结果表明,Tsh可能在卵巢和睾丸的局部合成,它可能在稻田鳝的性腺发育过程中发挥旁分泌和/或自分泌作用。
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引用次数: 0
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General and comparative endocrinology
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