Pub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.238
Michelle Kang Kim, Benjamin Chen, Melissa Martynenko, Florian Rieder, Raneem Khedraki, Anthony Lembo, Jenny J. Lin
No Abstract
{"title":"Demystifying the K Award","authors":"Michelle Kang Kim, Benjamin Chen, Melissa Martynenko, Florian Rieder, Raneem Khedraki, Anthony Lembo, Jenny J. Lin","doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.238","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":12590,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.232
Xiaohan Ying, Leah Yao, Walter S. Mathis, Stephen E. Congly, Arun B. Jesudian
No Abstract
{"title":"Geographic Disparities in Access to Gastroenterologists in the United States","authors":"Xiaohan Ying, Leah Yao, Walter S. Mathis, Stephen E. Congly, Arun B. Jesudian","doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.232","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":12590,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.12.029
Anne F. Peery, Caitlin C. Murphy, Chelsea Anderson, Elizabeth T. Jensen, Sasha Deutsch-Link, Matthew D. Egberg, Jennifer L. Lund, Disha Subramaniam, Evan S. Dellon, Ami D. Sperber, Olafur S. Palsson, Virginia Pate, Todd H. Baron, Andrew M. Moon, Nicholas J. Shaheen, Robert S. Sandler
Background
A contemporary report describing the burden and expenditures of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases can be helpful for policy makers, administrators, and researchers. Using the most recent data, we estimated the burden and costs associated with GI diseases in the United States.
Methods
We generated estimates using data from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study 2017–2018 (symptoms), National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 2019 and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 2019 (ambulatory visits), Nationwide Emergency Department Sample 2021 (emergency department visits), National Inpatient Sample 2021 (admissions), Kids’ Inpatient Database 2019 (admissions), National Program of Cancer Registries 2001–2021 (cancer incidence), National Center for Health Statistics 2001–2021 (cancer mortality), Centers for Disease Control Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research 2021 (non-cancer mortality), MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters data 2002–2021 (endoscopy), MarketScan Medicare Supplemental data 2002–2021 (endoscopy), United Network for Organ Sharing Registry 2023 (transplant), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2021 (expenditures), and National Institutes of Health (NIH) 2012–2025 (research).
Results
In 2021, GI health care expenditures totaled $111.8 billion. A GI diagnosis or symptom led to 14.5 million emergency department visits and 2.9 million hospital admissions. There were 315,065 new GI cancers diagnosed. GI diseases caused 281,413 deaths. In 2022, an estimated 23.5 million GI endoscopies were performed. In 2023, the NIH supported $3.6 billion for GI research, which represents 7.4% of the NIH budget.
Conclusion
GI diseases are responsible for a considerable and growing burden of health care use and costs. Funding innovative GI science and supporting the practice of GI medicine are critical to meeting the burden of GI illness.
{"title":"Burden and Cost of Gastrointestinal, Liver, and Pancreatic Diseases in the United States: Update 2024","authors":"Anne F. Peery, Caitlin C. Murphy, Chelsea Anderson, Elizabeth T. Jensen, Sasha Deutsch-Link, Matthew D. Egberg, Jennifer L. Lund, Disha Subramaniam, Evan S. Dellon, Ami D. Sperber, Olafur S. Palsson, Virginia Pate, Todd H. Baron, Andrew M. Moon, Nicholas J. Shaheen, Robert S. Sandler","doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2024.12.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2024.12.029","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>A contemporary report describing the burden and expenditures of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases can be helpful for policy makers, administrators, and researchers. Using the most recent data, we estimated the burden and costs associated with GI diseases in the United States.<h3>Methods</h3>We generated estimates using data from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study 2017–2018 (symptoms), National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 2019 and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 2019 (ambulatory visits), Nationwide Emergency Department Sample 2021 (emergency department visits), National Inpatient Sample 2021 (admissions), Kids’ Inpatient Database 2019 (admissions), National Program of Cancer Registries 2001–2021 (cancer incidence), National Center for Health Statistics 2001–2021 (cancer mortality), Centers for Disease Control Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research 2021 (non-cancer mortality), MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters data 2002–2021 (endoscopy), MarketScan Medicare Supplemental data 2002–2021 (endoscopy), United Network for Organ Sharing Registry 2023 (transplant), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2021 (expenditures), and National Institutes of Health (NIH) 2012–2025 (research).<h3>Results</h3>In 2021, GI health care expenditures totaled $111.8 billion. A GI diagnosis or symptom led to 14.5 million emergency department visits and 2.9 million hospital admissions. There were 315,065 new GI cancers diagnosed. GI diseases caused 281,413 deaths. In 2022, an estimated 23.5 million GI endoscopies were performed. In 2023, the NIH supported $3.6 billion for GI research, which represents 7.4% of the NIH budget.<h3>Conclusion</h3>GI diseases are responsible for a considerable and growing burden of health care use and costs. Funding innovative GI science and supporting the practice of GI medicine are critical to meeting the burden of GI illness.","PeriodicalId":12590,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.235
Kristina Allen-Brady, Frederic Clayton, Mark W. Hazel, Jeff Stevens, Ashley L. Pyne, Maria A. Pletneva, Melissa Cessna, Chris Stubben, Jacob Robson, John Fang, Kathryn A. Peterson
Background and Aims
Evidence for a genetic contribution to eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) exists from family and genome-wide association studies. Extensive investigation into rare variants contributing to EoE has not been performed. The study aim is to evaluate families with multiple cases of EoE by genomic and transcriptomic sequencing to identify genes predisposing to EoE.
Methods
We whole exome sequenced (WES) distant relative pairs (e.g., cousins) in extended EoE families and other affected relatives to identify rare, shared, potentially pathologic variants. RNA-Seq was performed in nuclear families with multiple EoE cases. We compared the overlap of genes from DNA and RNA sequencing for relevance to disease manifestations.
Results
WES was performed in 50 familial cases in 21 EoE extended pedigrees. We observed 189 rare, candidate predisposition variants in 181 genes with complete sharing among all affected family members within each pedigree. RNA-Seq was performed for 43 EoE cases in 18 nuclear families, including 6 relatives without EoE. We observed 698 total differentially expressed genes compared to controls. We identified three genes (MUC16, ADGRE1, and TENM3) with evidence of rare variant sharing among all affected family members and differential gene expression. We identified 36 other genes with partial sharing of rare variants among some affected family members and with differential gene expression. Several genes identified as prominent in EoE were also differentially expressed in unaffected relatives.
Conclusions
Genes related to immune response, barrier dysfunction, and cell adhesion were identified in familial EoE cases and unaffected family members, supporting a genetic familial predisposition and a possible multi-hit background to disease pathophysiology.
{"title":"Overlap of Genomic and Transcriptomic Genes Identified in Familial Eosinophilic Esophagitis","authors":"Kristina Allen-Brady, Frederic Clayton, Mark W. Hazel, Jeff Stevens, Ashley L. Pyne, Maria A. Pletneva, Melissa Cessna, Chris Stubben, Jacob Robson, John Fang, Kathryn A. Peterson","doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.235","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background and Aims</h3>Evidence for a genetic contribution to eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) exists from family and genome-wide association studies. Extensive investigation into rare variants contributing to EoE has not been performed. The study aim is to evaluate families with multiple cases of EoE by genomic and transcriptomic sequencing to identify genes predisposing to EoE.<h3>Methods</h3>We whole exome sequenced (WES) distant relative pairs (e.g., cousins) in extended EoE families and other affected relatives to identify rare, shared, potentially pathologic variants. <em>RNA</em>-<em>Seq was performed in</em> nuclear families with multiple EoE cases. We compared the overlap of genes from DNA and RNA sequencing for relevance to disease manifestations.<h3>Results</h3>WES was performed in 50 familial cases in 21 EoE extended pedigrees. We observed 189 rare, candidate predisposition variants in 181 genes with complete sharing among all affected family members within each pedigree. RNA-Seq was performed for 43 EoE cases in 18 nuclear families, including 6 relatives without EoE. We observed 698 total differentially expressed genes compared to controls. We identified three genes (<em>MUC16, ADGRE1</em>, and <em>TENM3</em>) with evidence of rare variant sharing among all affected family members and differential gene expression. We identified 36 other genes with partial sharing of rare variants among some affected family members and with differential gene expression. Several genes identified as prominent in EoE were also differentially expressed in unaffected relatives.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Genes related to immune response, barrier dysfunction, and cell adhesion were identified in familial EoE cases and unaffected family members, supporting a genetic familial predisposition and a possible multi-hit background to disease pathophysiology.","PeriodicalId":12590,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.234
Dustin A. Carlson, John E. Pandolfino, Rena Yadlapati, Marcelo F. Vela, Stuart J. Spechler, Felice H. Schnoll-Sussman, Kristle Lynch, Adriana Lazarescu, Abraham Khan, Philip Katz, Anand S. Jain, C. Prakash Gyawali, Milli Gupta, Jose M. Garza, Ronnie Fass, John O. Clarke, Reena V. Chokshi, Joan Chen, Karthik Ravi, Walter W. Chan, Vani J.A. Konda
Background and aims
Functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) Panometry provides assessment of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) opening and esophageal body contractile activity during an endoscopic procedure and is increasing being incorporated in comprehensive esophageal motility assessments. We aimed to provide a standardized approach and vocabulary to the procedure and interpretation and update the motility classification scheme.
Methods
A working group of 19 FLIP Panometry experts convened in a modified Delphi consensus process to produce and assess statements on the FLIP Panometry procedure and interpretation. Three rounds of voting were conducted on an agreement scale of 1-9 for appropriateness followed by face-to-face discussions and opportunity for revisions of statements. The “percent agreement” was proportion of votes with score ≥7 indicating level of agreement on appropriateness.
Results
A total of 40 statements were selected for final inclusion for the Dallas Consensus, including FLIP Panometry protocol, interpretation of EGJ opening and contractile response, and motility classification scheme. Key statements included: “FLIP Panometry should be interpreted in the context of the clinical presentation, the accompanying EGD findings and other relevant complementary testing”. (Median response 9.0; 100% agreement). “A major motor disorder is unlikely in the setting of a “Normal” FLIP Panometry classification (Median response 9.0; 94% agreement). “Diminished or absent contractile response with reduced esophageal opening [i.e. “non-spastic obstruction] supports the diagnosis of a disorder of EGJ outflow. (Median response 8.5; 94% agreement).
Conclusion
The standardized approach for performance and interpretation of the Dallas Consensus can facilitate use of FLIP Panometry in broad clinical settings.
{"title":"A Standardized Approach to Performing and Interpreting FLIP Panometry for Esophageal Motility Disorders: The Dallas Consensus","authors":"Dustin A. Carlson, John E. Pandolfino, Rena Yadlapati, Marcelo F. Vela, Stuart J. Spechler, Felice H. Schnoll-Sussman, Kristle Lynch, Adriana Lazarescu, Abraham Khan, Philip Katz, Anand S. Jain, C. Prakash Gyawali, Milli Gupta, Jose M. Garza, Ronnie Fass, John O. Clarke, Reena V. Chokshi, Joan Chen, Karthik Ravi, Walter W. Chan, Vani J.A. Konda","doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.234","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background and aims</h3>Functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) Panometry provides assessment of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) opening and esophageal body contractile activity during an endoscopic procedure and is increasing being incorporated in comprehensive esophageal motility assessments. We aimed to provide a standardized approach and vocabulary to the procedure and interpretation and update the motility classification scheme.<h3>Methods</h3>A working group of 19 FLIP Panometry experts convened in a modified Delphi consensus process to produce and assess statements on the FLIP Panometry procedure and interpretation. Three rounds of voting were conducted on an agreement scale of 1-9 for appropriateness followed by face-to-face discussions and opportunity for revisions of statements. The “percent agreement” was proportion of votes with score ≥7 indicating level of agreement on appropriateness.<h3>Results</h3>A total of 40 statements were selected for final inclusion for the Dallas Consensus, including FLIP Panometry protocol, interpretation of EGJ opening and contractile response, and motility classification scheme. Key statements included: “FLIP Panometry should be interpreted in the context of the clinical presentation, the accompanying EGD findings and other relevant complementary testing”. (Median response 9.0; 100% agreement). “A major motor disorder is unlikely in the setting of a “Normal” FLIP Panometry classification (Median response 9.0; 94% agreement). “Diminished or absent contractile response with reduced esophageal opening [i.e. “non-spastic obstruction] supports the diagnosis of a disorder of EGJ outflow. (Median response 8.5; 94% agreement).<h3>Conclusion</h3>The standardized approach for performance and interpretation of the Dallas Consensus can facilitate use of FLIP Panometry in broad clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":12590,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.237
Christopher Ma
No Abstract
{"title":"Mirikizumab for Crohn’s Disease: Small Step Forward or Giant Leap Ahead?","authors":"Christopher Ma","doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.237","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":12590,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.017
Audrey H. Calderwood, Theodore R. Levin
Section snippets
Uncited Figure
Figure 1
{"title":"Is Fecal Immunochemical Testing the Right FIT for Patients With Symptoms?","authors":"Audrey H. Calderwood, Theodore R. Levin","doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>Section snippets</h2><section><section><h2>Uncited Figure</h2>Figure 1</section></section>","PeriodicalId":12590,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.236
Tzu-Hao Lee, George Cholankeril, Dongehee Kim, Ruben Hernaez, Kira L. Newman
No Abstract
{"title":"Prevalence of Chronic Liver Diseases and Associated Risk Factors in Sexual Minority People in The United States","authors":"Tzu-Hao Lee, George Cholankeril, Dongehee Kim, Ruben Hernaez, Kira L. Newman","doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.236","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":12590,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143084088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-03DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.231
Alain J. Benitez, Kara Gross Margolis
No Abstract
{"title":"A Microbiome-directed therapy for malnutrition that performs better than standard nutritional interventions.","authors":"Alain J. Benitez, Kara Gross Margolis","doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.231","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":12590,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-03DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.004
Williams Turpin, Sun-Ho Lee, Ken Croitoru
Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) point toward a key role of the gut microbiome. We review the data describing the changes in the gut microbiome from IBD case-control studies and compare these findings with emerging data from studies of the preclinical phase of IBD. What is apparent is that assessing changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiome during the preclinical phase helps address confounding factors, such as disease activity and drug therapy, which can directly influence the gut microbiome. Understanding these changes in the predisease phase provides a means of predicting IBD in high-risk populations and offers insights into possible mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis. Finally, we discuss strategies to use this information to design interventions aimed at modulating the microbiome as a means of preventing or delaying the onset of IBD.
{"title":"Gut Microbiome Signature in Predisease Phase of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Prediction to Pathogenesis to Prevention","authors":"Williams Turpin, Sun-Ho Lee, Ken Croitoru","doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) point toward a key role of the gut microbiome. We review the data describing the changes in the gut microbiome from IBD case-control studies and compare these findings with emerging data from studies of the preclinical phase of IBD. What is apparent is that assessing changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiome during the preclinical phase helps address confounding factors, such as disease activity and drug therapy, which can directly influence the gut microbiome. Understanding these changes in the predisease phase provides a means of predicting IBD in high-risk populations and offers insights into possible mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis. Finally, we discuss strategies to use this information to design interventions aimed at modulating the microbiome as a means of preventing or delaying the onset of IBD.","PeriodicalId":12590,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology","volume":"168 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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