The main goal of health institutions is to provide the health services needed by society at the desired quality with the lowest possible cost. Considering the total number of employees in health institutions, nurse assignment and scheduling have an essential role in increasing efficiency and improving service quality due to the one-to-one interaction of nurses with patients. This study proposes a nurse scheduling model based on nurses’ skill levels incorporated into a decision support system. The skill level of nurses is assessed using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method based on eight criteria. The nurse scheduling problem is then modeled with 0-1 Goal Programming, considering the skill assessment as a constraint. The applicability of the proposed model is examined for the assignment and scheduling conditions of nurses at the 3rd level of surgical intensive care in a general hospital, and the valuable aspects of the proposed approach are discussed. When the proposed solution is compared with the current situation, it is realized that one nurse is saved without worsening the constraints.
{"title":"A Decision Support System For Skill-Based Nurse Scheduling In An Intensive Care Unit","authors":"Orhan Parildar, Ç. Akyürek, D. Akay","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1218158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1218158","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of health institutions is to provide the health services needed by society at the desired quality with the lowest possible cost. Considering the total number of employees in health institutions, nurse assignment and scheduling have an essential role in increasing efficiency and improving service quality due to the one-to-one interaction of nurses with patients. This study proposes a nurse scheduling model based on nurses’ skill levels incorporated into a decision support system. The skill level of nurses is assessed using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method based on eight criteria. The nurse scheduling problem is then modeled with 0-1 Goal Programming, considering the skill assessment as a constraint. The applicability of the proposed model is examined for the assignment and scheduling conditions of nurses at the 3rd level of surgical intensive care in a general hospital, and the valuable aspects of the proposed approach are discussed. When the proposed solution is compared with the current situation, it is realized that one nurse is saved without worsening the constraints.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47871289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Halogenated compounds, especially fluorine and chlorine, play a key role in drug development. They account for a large proportion of all approved drug molecules. The importance of these two halogens stems from their remarkable effects on biological activity and pharmacokinetic properties. The study presented here aims to give the results obtained by the DFT methods and in silico medicinal evaluations of a newly synthesized small molecule. The small molecule belongs to the Schiff base class of organic compounds and is substituted with halogen atoms. The tetrahalogenated compound (THSB) Schiff base, 2-(((2,4-dichlorophenyl)imino)methyl)-3,4-difluorophenol, was first synthesized via the classical condensation method and then characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The THSB optimized by the B3LYP method was evaluated in terms of geometrical parameters, surface area (MEP and Hirshfeld analysis) and secondary interaction analysis, NLO properties, and electronic properties (HOMO-LUMO and UV-Vis). Second, THSB was evaluated regarding medicinal chemistry, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, and toxicity (ADMET). Then, we comprehensively investigated the potential biological targets of THSB. Using the results of the SwissSimilarity analysis, we investigated the antagonistic effects of THSB against serotonin 5-HT2A and dopamine D2 receptors. Docking results were compared with the known antipsychotics, clozapine and risperidone. THSB showed a higher antagonistic effect than clozapine for the D2 receptor. However, risperidone proved to be the most effective antagonist for both targets. The binding energies of THSB, risperidone, and clozapine were -8.30, -11.84, and -8.07 kcal/mol, respectively, for D2; those of THSB, risperidone, and clozapine were -6.94, -11.47, and -10.10 kcal/mol, respectively, for 5-HT2A.
{"title":"2-(((2,4-Dichlorophenyl)imino)methyl)-3,4-difluorophenol: X-ray, DFT, MEP, HOMO-LUMO, NLO, Hirshfeld surfaces, ADMET profiling, target identification, antipsychotic activity against dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors","authors":"Songül Şahin","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1241638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1241638","url":null,"abstract":"Halogenated compounds, especially fluorine and chlorine, play a key role in drug development. They account for a large proportion of all approved drug molecules. The importance of these two halogens stems from their remarkable effects on biological activity and pharmacokinetic properties. The study presented here aims to give the results obtained by the DFT methods and in silico medicinal evaluations of a newly synthesized small molecule. The small molecule belongs to the Schiff base class of organic compounds and is substituted with halogen atoms. The tetrahalogenated compound (THSB) Schiff base, 2-(((2,4-dichlorophenyl)imino)methyl)-3,4-difluorophenol, was first synthesized via the classical condensation method and then characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The THSB optimized by the B3LYP method was evaluated in terms of geometrical parameters, surface area (MEP and Hirshfeld analysis) and secondary interaction analysis, NLO properties, and electronic properties (HOMO-LUMO and UV-Vis). Second, THSB was evaluated regarding medicinal chemistry, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, and toxicity (ADMET). Then, we comprehensively investigated the potential biological targets of THSB. Using the results of the SwissSimilarity analysis, we investigated the antagonistic effects of THSB against serotonin 5-HT2A and dopamine D2 receptors. Docking results were compared with the known antipsychotics, clozapine and risperidone. THSB showed a higher antagonistic effect than clozapine for the D2 receptor. However, risperidone proved to be the most effective antagonist for both targets. The binding energies of THSB, risperidone, and clozapine were -8.30, -11.84, and -8.07 kcal/mol, respectively, for D2; those of THSB, risperidone, and clozapine were -6.94, -11.47, and -10.10 kcal/mol, respectively, for 5-HT2A.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42338907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The harmony of the Weibull Distribution Function (WDF) and real data from three different places was investigated in this research. The coefficients of the WDF were calculated using the Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM) in the Adana, Osmaniye, and Hatay regions. One of the main goals of this research is to see how the MLM's performance varies in different places with different mean wind speeds. For the purpose of justifying the MLM's performance, the statistical fits of the computed and measured hourly wind speed data were analyzed. The performance of the indicated approach in all three selected locations was evaluated using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Coefficient of Determination (R2), and Mean Percentage Error (MPE) error analysis tests, according to the results. Also estimated for all three regions were wind power densities, which are one of the most essential metrics for estimating a region's wind energy potential. WDF power densities were estimated and compared to real wind power densities generated from measured wind data in three different places. The performance of the strategy described in this paper was investigated in depth in various places with varying geographic characteristics. In addition, in the same years, the performance of the chosen approach was evaluated in detail in three distinct places, and it was seen how geographical factors affected the method's performance.
{"title":"Calculating Weibull coefficients using the Maximum Likelihood Method and comparing performance across sites","authors":"Alper Kaplan","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1092617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1092617","url":null,"abstract":"The harmony of the Weibull Distribution Function (WDF) and real data from three different places was investigated in this research. The coefficients of the WDF were calculated using the Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM) in the Adana, Osmaniye, and Hatay regions. One of the main goals of this research is to see how the MLM's performance varies in different places with different mean wind speeds. For the purpose of justifying the MLM's performance, the statistical fits of the computed and measured hourly wind speed data were analyzed. The performance of the indicated approach in all three selected locations was evaluated using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Coefficient of Determination (R2), and Mean Percentage Error (MPE) error analysis tests, according to the results. Also estimated for all three regions were wind power densities, which are one of the most essential metrics for estimating a region's wind energy potential. WDF power densities were estimated and compared to real wind power densities generated from measured wind data in three different places. The performance of the strategy described in this paper was investigated in depth in various places with varying geographic characteristics. In addition, in the same years, the performance of the chosen approach was evaluated in detail in three distinct places, and it was seen how geographical factors affected the method's performance.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47664736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, to enhance protease production, the wild type of Bacillus subtilis E6-5 was mutagenized by random mutagenesis using ultraviolet radiation and ethidium bromide. After combined treatment, several mutants were obtained. Among these mutants, the mutant strain with the largest proteolytic zone diameter (25 mm) was selected and named Bacillus subtilis ATA38. The enzyme production capacity of the obtained mutant was tested and the mutant strain (404 IU/mL at 24 hours) produced 6.7 times more enzyme than the parental strain (60 IU/mL at 32 hours). The effects of some important parameters in the growth medium on enzyme production were examined. The best carbon, organic nitrogen and metal ion were obtained with wheat starch (525 IU/mL), meat extract (850 IU/mL) and KCl+CaCl2 (548 IU/mL), respectively. pH 6.0, 37°C, 200 rpm, inoculum age 18 hours and inoculation amount 1% were obtained as the best physical factors.To further increase the yield, the best nutritional and physical parameters were combined to create a new modified medium. It was determined that the enzyme yield with mutant strain increased 2.7 times in the modified medium (1096 IU/mL) compared to the control (404 U/mL). The mutant strain (1096 IU/mL) showed an 18.2-fold increase in production compared to the wild type (60 IU/mL) in the modified medium. Protease enzyme obtained from ATA38 mutant strain may have great potential in industry for different purposes.
{"title":"Obtaining Efficient Mutant from the Wild Type Bacillus subtilis E6-5 by Physical and Chemical Mutagenesis for High Efficiency Protease Production, Optimizing the Mutant's Culture Medium","authors":"Büşra Özalpar, E. Demirkan, Tuba Sevgi̇","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1191006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1191006","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, to enhance protease production, the wild type of Bacillus subtilis E6-5 was mutagenized by random mutagenesis using ultraviolet radiation and ethidium bromide. After combined treatment, several mutants were obtained. Among these mutants, the mutant strain with the largest proteolytic zone diameter (25 mm) was selected and named Bacillus subtilis ATA38. The enzyme production capacity of the obtained mutant was tested and the mutant strain (404 IU/mL at 24 hours) produced 6.7 times more enzyme than the parental strain (60 IU/mL at 32 hours). The effects of some important parameters in the growth medium on enzyme production were examined. The best carbon, organic nitrogen and metal ion were obtained with wheat starch (525 IU/mL), meat extract (850 IU/mL) and KCl+CaCl2 (548 IU/mL), respectively. pH 6.0, 37°C, 200 rpm, inoculum age 18 hours and inoculation amount 1% were obtained as the best physical factors.To further increase the yield, the best nutritional and physical parameters were combined to create a new modified medium. It was determined that the enzyme yield with mutant strain increased 2.7 times in the modified medium (1096 IU/mL) compared to the control (404 U/mL). The mutant strain (1096 IU/mL) showed an 18.2-fold increase in production compared to the wild type (60 IU/mL) in the modified medium. Protease enzyme obtained from ATA38 mutant strain may have great potential in industry for different purposes.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43754606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The metering of industrial manufacturing liquids is constantly being updated. Using an automated system, metered dispense can now be more accurate to its theoretical value. This system can help reduce the difference between the theoretical and metered volumes in manufacturing applications. This paper describes an automated liquid dispensing machine that uses an AT Mega 328 microcontroller to control the metered volume to the program set-point. The machine's design and implementation include hardware systems assembled from various modules with various functions, such as a microcomputer, power supply, liquid level detection, liquid discharge, conveyor and container detection, and LCD modules. The data collected by the liquid level detection module is analyzed when the system is started to determine the liquid level in the tank. A user loads empty containers onto the conveyor, which are then transferred to the discharge point. The machine calculates the equivalent time in seconds to open the discharge solenoid valve via its control relay and dispense the desired volume based on the user set-point. The experiment performed on the machine with water as the test liquid revealed that the automated dispensing machine's maximum time permissible is 35 s, which corresponds to an equivalent volume of approximately 700 ml of water. Experiments were conducted to compare the theoretical time required to obtain a specified volume to the time required for the machine to dispense the same volume. The results showed that the machine's accuracy is approximately 97.87 %. Therefore, the machine can be used in beverage manufacturing companies, pharmaceutical industries, and laboratories to dispense and fill specified fluids that meet the machine's specifications.
工业制造液体的计量不断更新。使用自动化系统，计量配药现在可以更准确地达到其理论值。该系统可以帮助减少制造应用中理论和计量体积之间的差异。本文介绍了一种自动液体点胶机，该点胶机使用AT Mega 328微控制器控制计量体积到程序设定值。机器的设计和实现包括由各种功能模块组成的硬件系统，如微电脑、电源、液位检测、出液、输送和容器检测，以及LCD模块。在系统启动时，对液位检测模块采集的数据进行分析，确定罐内液位。用户将空容器装载到传送带上，然后将其转移到卸货点。机器通过其控制继电器计算以秒为单位的等效时间打开放电电磁阀，并根据用户设定点分配所需的体积。以水为测试液在机器上进行实验，自动点胶机的最大允许时间为35s，相当于约700ml水的当量体积。进行了实验，以比较获得指定体积所需的理论时间和机器分配相同体积所需的时间。结果表明，该机器的准确率约为97.87%。因此，该机器可用于饮料制造公司，制药行业和实验室，以分配和填充符合机器规格的指定流体。
{"title":"Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of an Automated Liquid Dispensing Machine","authors":"M. Arowolo, A. Adekunle, O. Martins","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1159197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1159197","url":null,"abstract":"The metering of industrial manufacturing liquids is constantly being updated. Using an automated system, metered dispense can now be more accurate to its theoretical value. This system can help reduce the difference between the theoretical and metered volumes in manufacturing applications. This paper describes an automated liquid dispensing machine that uses an AT Mega 328 microcontroller to control the metered volume to the program set-point. The machine's design and implementation include hardware systems assembled from various modules with various functions, such as a microcomputer, power supply, liquid level detection, liquid discharge, conveyor and container detection, and LCD modules. The data collected by the liquid level detection module is analyzed when the system is started to determine the liquid level in the tank. A user loads empty containers onto the conveyor, which are then transferred to the discharge point. The machine calculates the equivalent time in seconds to open the discharge solenoid valve via its control relay and dispense the desired volume based on the user set-point. The experiment performed on the machine with water as the test liquid revealed that the automated dispensing machine's maximum time permissible is 35 s, which corresponds to an equivalent volume of approximately 700 ml of water. Experiments were conducted to compare the theoretical time required to obtain a specified volume to the time required for the machine to dispense the same volume. The results showed that the machine's accuracy is approximately 97.87 %. Therefore, the machine can be used in beverage manufacturing companies, pharmaceutical industries, and laboratories to dispense and fill specified fluids that meet the machine's specifications.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46497320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we first define some induced generalized spherical fuzzy Einstein aggregation operators such as generalized spherical fuzzy ordered Einstein weighted averaging (GSEOWA), generalized spherical fuzzy hybrid Einstein weighted averaging (GSEHWA), generalized spherical fuzzy ordered Einstein weighted geometric (GSEOWG), and generalized spherical fuzzy hybrid Einstein weighted geometric (GSEHWG) operators. Then, we establish a model for these aggregation operators to solve the multiple attribute group decision-making problems and also we give an illustrative example. Finally, we compare the results given by all defined generalized spherical fuzzy Einstein aggregation operators within the decision-making process.
{"title":"A comparative study on the generalized spherical fuzzy Einstein aggregation operators","authors":"E. Güner, H. Aygün","doi":"10.35378/gujs.937205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.937205","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we first define some induced generalized spherical fuzzy Einstein aggregation operators such as generalized spherical fuzzy ordered Einstein weighted averaging (GSEOWA), generalized spherical fuzzy hybrid Einstein weighted averaging (GSEHWA), generalized spherical fuzzy ordered Einstein weighted geometric (GSEOWG), and generalized spherical fuzzy hybrid Einstein weighted geometric (GSEHWG) operators. Then, we establish a model for these aggregation operators to solve the multiple attribute group decision-making problems and also we give an illustrative example. Finally, we compare the results given by all defined generalized spherical fuzzy Einstein aggregation operators within the decision-making process.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42081663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Back-Propagation neural networks, as well as RSM-DOE techniques, were used to predict the properties of various compositions of Iraqi oil, were presented in this study. Paraffin’s and Aromatics’ effect on petroleum properties, e.g., yield, density, calorific value, and other essential properties, were studied. The input-output data to the neural networks were obtained from existing local refineries in Iraq. Several network architectures were tried, and the networks that best simulate the hydrocracking process were retained. The predictions of the prepared neural networks have been cross-validated against data not initially used in the training process. The networks compared well against this new set of data, with an average per cent error always less than 5 for the various products of the hydrocracking unit.
{"title":"ANN and RSM Modelling and Optimization of Paraffins and Aromatics in Crude Oil Distillation Products’ Properties in Iraq","authors":"J. Yamin, Eman Sheet, Ayad ِAL JUBORİ","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1143087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1143087","url":null,"abstract":"Back-Propagation neural networks, as well as RSM-DOE techniques, were used to predict the properties of various compositions of Iraqi oil, were presented in this study. Paraffin’s and Aromatics’ effect on petroleum properties, e.g., yield, density, calorific value, and other essential properties, were studied. The input-output data to the neural networks were obtained from existing local refineries in Iraq. Several network architectures were tried, and the networks that best simulate the hydrocracking process were retained. The predictions of the prepared neural networks have been cross-validated against data not initially used in the training process. The networks compared well against this new set of data, with an average per cent error always less than 5 for the various products of the hydrocracking unit.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44843320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we considered progression of liver diseases. Particularly we considered Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cancer, HCC, whose patients have low survival rates. For this purpose, we researched molecular structures and protein interactions involved in the initiation and progression of HCC. We exploited microarray data samples and their gene expression profiles from literature. During analysis, we implemented statistical data analysis techniques and looked for Differentially Expressed Genes during the initiation and progression of HCC. As a result of this analysis we found 12 hub genes, where 3 of them (ANLN, TOP2A and ASPM) were upregulated and the others (CXCL14, LINC01093, OIT3, CLEC4G, THRSP, APOF, CLTRN and FCN3) were downregulated. By performing Gene Ontology Analysis, we classified genes with increased or decreased expressions in terms of cellular component, biological process, and molecular function. Subsequently, we executed protein-protein interaction network analysis and found important interactions between the hub genes. Results of data analysis concluded that these 12 genes and their interactions play a key role in the initiation and progression of significant liver diseases and can be used as a potential biomarker for disease progression. Furthermore, gene feature analysis showed that it is becoming more difficult to compensate functional deficiencies of the proteins encoded by these genes during biological processes. In particular, Gene Ontology Analysis denoted that TOP2A gene associates with many of the biological pathways and a change in the expression of this gene can cause decent problems in many cellular functions.
{"title":"Investigation of Genes and Their Interactions in Liver Diseases Using Bioinformatics Algorithms","authors":"Saliha Acar, Gıyasettin Özcan, E. Gülbandilar","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1182561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1182561","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we considered progression of liver diseases. Particularly we considered Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cancer, HCC, whose patients have low survival rates. For this purpose, we researched molecular structures and protein interactions involved in the initiation and progression of HCC. We exploited microarray data samples and their gene expression profiles from literature. During analysis, we implemented statistical data analysis techniques and looked for Differentially Expressed Genes during the initiation and progression of HCC. As a result of this analysis we found 12 hub genes, where 3 of them (ANLN, TOP2A and ASPM) were upregulated and the others (CXCL14, LINC01093, OIT3, CLEC4G, THRSP, APOF, CLTRN and FCN3) were downregulated. By performing Gene Ontology Analysis, we classified genes with increased or decreased expressions in terms of cellular component, biological process, and molecular function. Subsequently, we executed protein-protein interaction network analysis and found important interactions between the hub genes. Results of data analysis concluded that these 12 genes and their interactions play a key role in the initiation and progression of significant liver diseases and can be used as a potential biomarker for disease progression. Furthermore, gene feature analysis showed that it is becoming more difficult to compensate functional deficiencies of the proteins encoded by these genes during biological processes. In particular, Gene Ontology Analysis denoted that TOP2A gene associates with many of the biological pathways and a change in the expression of this gene can cause decent problems in many cellular functions.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46696795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gazi University, Vijay Sharma, N. Mishra, Atul Agarwal, N. Gupta
This work offers the radiation insight of a compact modified monopole rectangular printed antenna suitable for 5G applications. A Double copper cladded RT Duroid 5880 material sheet with dimensions 4.4×5.0×0.5mm3 is chosen as the base substrate in the offered design with a loss tangent of 0.004 and a dielectric constant of 2.2. In the provided strategy lower-left corner of a rectangular printed antenna is made in the form of a smooth circular curve. After extensive simulation, a circular slot with an elliptical patch is incorporated into this monopole antenna. The designed antenna parameters are adjusted to cover the impedance bandwidth from 21.7 GHz to more than 70.0 GHz. Three resonances at 28.0 GHz, 38.1 GHz and 60.2 GHz were observed in three bands allocated for 5G communication applications. The efficiency and gain values found sustained in the entire bandwidth range. Stable and desired radiation patterns at all three resonant frequencies 28/38/60 GHz prove the suitability of this antenna for recent 5G applications.
{"title":"Small Size Broadband Printed Antenna for 5G Applications Covering 28 GHz / 38 GHz and 60 GHz Bands","authors":"Gazi University, Vijay Sharma, N. Mishra, Atul Agarwal, N. Gupta","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1178594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1178594","url":null,"abstract":"This work offers the radiation insight of a compact modified monopole rectangular printed antenna suitable for 5G applications. A Double copper cladded RT Duroid 5880 material sheet with dimensions 4.4×5.0×0.5mm3 is chosen as the base substrate in the offered design with a loss tangent of 0.004 and a dielectric constant of 2.2. In the provided strategy lower-left corner of a rectangular printed antenna is made in the form of a smooth circular curve. After extensive simulation, a circular slot with an elliptical patch is incorporated into this monopole antenna. The designed antenna parameters are adjusted to cover the impedance bandwidth from 21.7 GHz to more than 70.0 GHz. Three resonances at 28.0 GHz, 38.1 GHz and 60.2 GHz were observed in three bands allocated for 5G communication applications. The efficiency and gain values found sustained in the entire bandwidth range. Stable and desired radiation patterns at all three resonant frequencies 28/38/60 GHz prove the suitability of this antenna for recent 5G applications.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44580342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The global energy deficit is currently a critical issue in the energy sector. As a result, the rising energy demand increases the consumption of conventional fossil fuels, contributing to the climate crisis and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the over-reliance on fossil-fuel-based energy necessitates the development of a sustainable energy system to meet the lingering heat demand. Hence, renewable energy and efficient hybrid water heating technologies are viable options for achieving net-zero energy. The economic benefits of these hybrid technologies offer a promising prospect for widespread adoption in increasing hot water production in developing countries. These hybrid technologies are becoming increasingly popular for domestic thermal applications in remote areas to compensate for energy shortages. The paper aims to provide an overview of hybrid renewable water heating technologies, focusing on hybrid configurations, optimization techniques, mono-particle, and hybrid nanofluids and modelling. This paper also highlights the prospects of increasing such systems' economic attractiveness and public adoption.
{"title":"Hybrid Technology for Water Heating Applications: A Review","authors":"A. Okubanjo, G. Ofualagba, P. Oshevi̇re","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1192114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1192114","url":null,"abstract":"The global energy deficit is currently a critical issue in the energy sector. As a result, the rising energy demand increases the consumption of conventional fossil fuels, contributing to the climate crisis and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the over-reliance on fossil-fuel-based energy necessitates the development of a sustainable energy system to meet the lingering heat demand. Hence, renewable energy and efficient hybrid water heating technologies are viable options for achieving net-zero energy. The economic benefits of these hybrid technologies offer a promising prospect for widespread adoption in increasing hot water production in developing countries. These hybrid technologies are becoming increasingly popular for domestic thermal applications in remote areas to compensate for energy shortages. The paper aims to provide an overview of hybrid renewable water heating technologies, focusing on hybrid configurations, optimization techniques, mono-particle, and hybrid nanofluids and modelling. This paper also highlights the prospects of increasing such systems' economic attractiveness and public adoption.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47333969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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