The metering of industrial manufacturing liquids is constantly being updated. Using an automated system, metered dispense can now be more accurate to its theoretical value. This system can help reduce the difference between the theoretical and metered volumes in manufacturing applications. This paper describes an automated liquid dispensing machine that uses an AT Mega 328 microcontroller to control the metered volume to the program set-point. The machine's design and implementation include hardware systems assembled from various modules with various functions, such as a microcomputer, power supply, liquid level detection, liquid discharge, conveyor and container detection, and LCD modules. The data collected by the liquid level detection module is analyzed when the system is started to determine the liquid level in the tank. A user loads empty containers onto the conveyor, which are then transferred to the discharge point. The machine calculates the equivalent time in seconds to open the discharge solenoid valve via its control relay and dispense the desired volume based on the user set-point. The experiment performed on the machine with water as the test liquid revealed that the automated dispensing machine's maximum time permissible is 35 s, which corresponds to an equivalent volume of approximately 700 ml of water. Experiments were conducted to compare the theoretical time required to obtain a specified volume to the time required for the machine to dispense the same volume. The results showed that the machine's accuracy is approximately 97.87 %. Therefore, the machine can be used in beverage manufacturing companies, pharmaceutical industries, and laboratories to dispense and fill specified fluids that meet the machine's specifications.
工业制造液体的计量不断更新。使用自动化系统，计量配药现在可以更准确地达到其理论值。该系统可以帮助减少制造应用中理论和计量体积之间的差异。本文介绍了一种自动液体点胶机，该点胶机使用AT Mega 328微控制器控制计量体积到程序设定值。机器的设计和实现包括由各种功能模块组成的硬件系统，如微电脑、电源、液位检测、出液、输送和容器检测，以及LCD模块。在系统启动时，对液位检测模块采集的数据进行分析，确定罐内液位。用户将空容器装载到传送带上，然后将其转移到卸货点。机器通过其控制继电器计算以秒为单位的等效时间打开放电电磁阀，并根据用户设定点分配所需的体积。以水为测试液在机器上进行实验，自动点胶机的最大允许时间为35s，相当于约700ml水的当量体积。进行了实验，以比较获得指定体积所需的理论时间和机器分配相同体积所需的时间。结果表明，该机器的准确率约为97.87%。因此，该机器可用于饮料制造公司，制药行业和实验室，以分配和填充符合机器规格的指定流体。
{"title":"Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of an Automated Liquid Dispensing Machine","authors":"M. Arowolo, A. Adekunle, O. Martins","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1159197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1159197","url":null,"abstract":"The metering of industrial manufacturing liquids is constantly being updated. Using an automated system, metered dispense can now be more accurate to its theoretical value. This system can help reduce the difference between the theoretical and metered volumes in manufacturing applications. This paper describes an automated liquid dispensing machine that uses an AT Mega 328 microcontroller to control the metered volume to the program set-point. The machine's design and implementation include hardware systems assembled from various modules with various functions, such as a microcomputer, power supply, liquid level detection, liquid discharge, conveyor and container detection, and LCD modules. The data collected by the liquid level detection module is analyzed when the system is started to determine the liquid level in the tank. A user loads empty containers onto the conveyor, which are then transferred to the discharge point. The machine calculates the equivalent time in seconds to open the discharge solenoid valve via its control relay and dispense the desired volume based on the user set-point. The experiment performed on the machine with water as the test liquid revealed that the automated dispensing machine's maximum time permissible is 35 s, which corresponds to an equivalent volume of approximately 700 ml of water. Experiments were conducted to compare the theoretical time required to obtain a specified volume to the time required for the machine to dispense the same volume. The results showed that the machine's accuracy is approximately 97.87 %. Therefore, the machine can be used in beverage manufacturing companies, pharmaceutical industries, and laboratories to dispense and fill specified fluids that meet the machine's specifications.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46497320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we first define some induced generalized spherical fuzzy Einstein aggregation operators such as generalized spherical fuzzy ordered Einstein weighted averaging (GSEOWA), generalized spherical fuzzy hybrid Einstein weighted averaging (GSEHWA), generalized spherical fuzzy ordered Einstein weighted geometric (GSEOWG), and generalized spherical fuzzy hybrid Einstein weighted geometric (GSEHWG) operators. Then, we establish a model for these aggregation operators to solve the multiple attribute group decision-making problems and also we give an illustrative example. Finally, we compare the results given by all defined generalized spherical fuzzy Einstein aggregation operators within the decision-making process.
{"title":"A comparative study on the generalized spherical fuzzy Einstein aggregation operators","authors":"E. Güner, H. Aygün","doi":"10.35378/gujs.937205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.937205","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we first define some induced generalized spherical fuzzy Einstein aggregation operators such as generalized spherical fuzzy ordered Einstein weighted averaging (GSEOWA), generalized spherical fuzzy hybrid Einstein weighted averaging (GSEHWA), generalized spherical fuzzy ordered Einstein weighted geometric (GSEOWG), and generalized spherical fuzzy hybrid Einstein weighted geometric (GSEHWG) operators. Then, we establish a model for these aggregation operators to solve the multiple attribute group decision-making problems and also we give an illustrative example. Finally, we compare the results given by all defined generalized spherical fuzzy Einstein aggregation operators within the decision-making process.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42081663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Back-Propagation neural networks, as well as RSM-DOE techniques, were used to predict the properties of various compositions of Iraqi oil, were presented in this study. Paraffin’s and Aromatics’ effect on petroleum properties, e.g., yield, density, calorific value, and other essential properties, were studied. The input-output data to the neural networks were obtained from existing local refineries in Iraq. Several network architectures were tried, and the networks that best simulate the hydrocracking process were retained. The predictions of the prepared neural networks have been cross-validated against data not initially used in the training process. The networks compared well against this new set of data, with an average per cent error always less than 5 for the various products of the hydrocracking unit.
{"title":"ANN and RSM Modelling and Optimization of Paraffins and Aromatics in Crude Oil Distillation Products’ Properties in Iraq","authors":"J. Yamin, Eman Sheet, Ayad ِAL JUBORİ","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1143087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1143087","url":null,"abstract":"Back-Propagation neural networks, as well as RSM-DOE techniques, were used to predict the properties of various compositions of Iraqi oil, were presented in this study. Paraffin’s and Aromatics’ effect on petroleum properties, e.g., yield, density, calorific value, and other essential properties, were studied. The input-output data to the neural networks were obtained from existing local refineries in Iraq. Several network architectures were tried, and the networks that best simulate the hydrocracking process were retained. The predictions of the prepared neural networks have been cross-validated against data not initially used in the training process. The networks compared well against this new set of data, with an average per cent error always less than 5 for the various products of the hydrocracking unit.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44843320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we considered progression of liver diseases. Particularly we considered Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cancer, HCC, whose patients have low survival rates. For this purpose, we researched molecular structures and protein interactions involved in the initiation and progression of HCC. We exploited microarray data samples and their gene expression profiles from literature. During analysis, we implemented statistical data analysis techniques and looked for Differentially Expressed Genes during the initiation and progression of HCC. As a result of this analysis we found 12 hub genes, where 3 of them (ANLN, TOP2A and ASPM) were upregulated and the others (CXCL14, LINC01093, OIT3, CLEC4G, THRSP, APOF, CLTRN and FCN3) were downregulated. By performing Gene Ontology Analysis, we classified genes with increased or decreased expressions in terms of cellular component, biological process, and molecular function. Subsequently, we executed protein-protein interaction network analysis and found important interactions between the hub genes. Results of data analysis concluded that these 12 genes and their interactions play a key role in the initiation and progression of significant liver diseases and can be used as a potential biomarker for disease progression. Furthermore, gene feature analysis showed that it is becoming more difficult to compensate functional deficiencies of the proteins encoded by these genes during biological processes. In particular, Gene Ontology Analysis denoted that TOP2A gene associates with many of the biological pathways and a change in the expression of this gene can cause decent problems in many cellular functions.
{"title":"Investigation of Genes and Their Interactions in Liver Diseases Using Bioinformatics Algorithms","authors":"Saliha Acar, Gıyasettin Özcan, E. Gülbandilar","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1182561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1182561","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we considered progression of liver diseases. Particularly we considered Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cancer, HCC, whose patients have low survival rates. For this purpose, we researched molecular structures and protein interactions involved in the initiation and progression of HCC. We exploited microarray data samples and their gene expression profiles from literature. During analysis, we implemented statistical data analysis techniques and looked for Differentially Expressed Genes during the initiation and progression of HCC. As a result of this analysis we found 12 hub genes, where 3 of them (ANLN, TOP2A and ASPM) were upregulated and the others (CXCL14, LINC01093, OIT3, CLEC4G, THRSP, APOF, CLTRN and FCN3) were downregulated. By performing Gene Ontology Analysis, we classified genes with increased or decreased expressions in terms of cellular component, biological process, and molecular function. Subsequently, we executed protein-protein interaction network analysis and found important interactions between the hub genes. Results of data analysis concluded that these 12 genes and their interactions play a key role in the initiation and progression of significant liver diseases and can be used as a potential biomarker for disease progression. Furthermore, gene feature analysis showed that it is becoming more difficult to compensate functional deficiencies of the proteins encoded by these genes during biological processes. In particular, Gene Ontology Analysis denoted that TOP2A gene associates with many of the biological pathways and a change in the expression of this gene can cause decent problems in many cellular functions.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46696795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gazi University, Vijay Sharma, N. Mishra, Atul Agarwal, N. Gupta
This work offers the radiation insight of a compact modified monopole rectangular printed antenna suitable for 5G applications. A Double copper cladded RT Duroid 5880 material sheet with dimensions 4.4×5.0×0.5mm3 is chosen as the base substrate in the offered design with a loss tangent of 0.004 and a dielectric constant of 2.2. In the provided strategy lower-left corner of a rectangular printed antenna is made in the form of a smooth circular curve. After extensive simulation, a circular slot with an elliptical patch is incorporated into this monopole antenna. The designed antenna parameters are adjusted to cover the impedance bandwidth from 21.7 GHz to more than 70.0 GHz. Three resonances at 28.0 GHz, 38.1 GHz and 60.2 GHz were observed in three bands allocated for 5G communication applications. The efficiency and gain values found sustained in the entire bandwidth range. Stable and desired radiation patterns at all three resonant frequencies 28/38/60 GHz prove the suitability of this antenna for recent 5G applications.
{"title":"Small Size Broadband Printed Antenna for 5G Applications Covering 28 GHz / 38 GHz and 60 GHz Bands","authors":"Gazi University, Vijay Sharma, N. Mishra, Atul Agarwal, N. Gupta","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1178594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1178594","url":null,"abstract":"This work offers the radiation insight of a compact modified monopole rectangular printed antenna suitable for 5G applications. A Double copper cladded RT Duroid 5880 material sheet with dimensions 4.4×5.0×0.5mm3 is chosen as the base substrate in the offered design with a loss tangent of 0.004 and a dielectric constant of 2.2. In the provided strategy lower-left corner of a rectangular printed antenna is made in the form of a smooth circular curve. After extensive simulation, a circular slot with an elliptical patch is incorporated into this monopole antenna. The designed antenna parameters are adjusted to cover the impedance bandwidth from 21.7 GHz to more than 70.0 GHz. Three resonances at 28.0 GHz, 38.1 GHz and 60.2 GHz were observed in three bands allocated for 5G communication applications. The efficiency and gain values found sustained in the entire bandwidth range. Stable and desired radiation patterns at all three resonant frequencies 28/38/60 GHz prove the suitability of this antenna for recent 5G applications.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44580342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The global energy deficit is currently a critical issue in the energy sector. As a result, the rising energy demand increases the consumption of conventional fossil fuels, contributing to the climate crisis and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the over-reliance on fossil-fuel-based energy necessitates the development of a sustainable energy system to meet the lingering heat demand. Hence, renewable energy and efficient hybrid water heating technologies are viable options for achieving net-zero energy. The economic benefits of these hybrid technologies offer a promising prospect for widespread adoption in increasing hot water production in developing countries. These hybrid technologies are becoming increasingly popular for domestic thermal applications in remote areas to compensate for energy shortages. The paper aims to provide an overview of hybrid renewable water heating technologies, focusing on hybrid configurations, optimization techniques, mono-particle, and hybrid nanofluids and modelling. This paper also highlights the prospects of increasing such systems' economic attractiveness and public adoption.
{"title":"Hybrid Technology for Water Heating Applications: A Review","authors":"A. Okubanjo, G. Ofualagba, P. Oshevi̇re","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1192114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1192114","url":null,"abstract":"The global energy deficit is currently a critical issue in the energy sector. As a result, the rising energy demand increases the consumption of conventional fossil fuels, contributing to the climate crisis and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the over-reliance on fossil-fuel-based energy necessitates the development of a sustainable energy system to meet the lingering heat demand. Hence, renewable energy and efficient hybrid water heating technologies are viable options for achieving net-zero energy. The economic benefits of these hybrid technologies offer a promising prospect for widespread adoption in increasing hot water production in developing countries. These hybrid technologies are becoming increasingly popular for domestic thermal applications in remote areas to compensate for energy shortages. The paper aims to provide an overview of hybrid renewable water heating technologies, focusing on hybrid configurations, optimization techniques, mono-particle, and hybrid nanofluids and modelling. This paper also highlights the prospects of increasing such systems' economic attractiveness and public adoption.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47333969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we analyze a multicomponent system with v independent and identical strength components X1, …, Xv and each of these components is exposed to a common random stress Y. The system is considered to be operating only if at least u out of v (1 u v) strength variables exceeds the random stress. The estimate of system reliability is investigated, assuming strength and stress random variables follow the exponentiated exponential distribution with different shape parameters. The maximum likelihood estimator for system reliability is derived from ranked set sampling (RSS), neoteric RSS (NRSS) and median RSS (MRSS). Some accuracy measurements, such as mean squared errors and efficiencies, are used to examine the behaviour of various estimators. Simulation studies demonstrate that the NRSS scheme's reliability estimates are chosen above those of the RSS and MRSS schemes in the majority of situations. Theoretical research is explained through real data analysis
{"title":"Estimation Study of Multicomponent Stress-Strength Reliability Using Advanced Sampling Approach","authors":"A. Hassan, Rasha S. Elshaarawy, H. Nagy","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1132770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1132770","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we analyze a multicomponent system with v independent and identical strength components X1, …, Xv and each of these components is exposed to a common random stress Y. The system is considered to be operating only if at least u out of v (1 u v) strength variables exceeds the random stress. The estimate of system reliability is investigated, assuming strength and stress random variables follow the exponentiated exponential distribution with different shape parameters. The maximum likelihood estimator for system reliability is derived from ranked set sampling (RSS), neoteric RSS (NRSS) and median RSS (MRSS). Some accuracy measurements, such as mean squared errors and efficiencies, are used to examine the behaviour of various estimators. Simulation studies demonstrate that the NRSS scheme's reliability estimates are chosen above those of the RSS and MRSS schemes in the majority of situations. Theoretical research is explained through real data analysis","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69796052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are too many cattle in the world and too many breeds of cattle. For someone who is new to cattle breeding, it may be difficult to tell which species their cattle are. In some cases, an experienced person may not understand the breeds of two cattle that are similar in appearance. In this study, the aim is to classify the cattle species with image processing methods and mobile applications written in Flutter and TensorFlow Lite. For classifying breeds, The VGG-16 algorithm was used for feature extraction. XGBoost and Random Forest algorithms were used for classification and the combined versions of the two methods were compared. In addition, SMOTE algorithm and image augmentation algorithms were used to prevent the imbalance of the dataset, the performance results of the combined versions of the two methods were compared. Images of different cattle species from different farms were obtained and the dataset was prepared, then trained image classification models and tested the trained models. As a result of performance tests, it’s obtained that the best model is VGG16+Random Forest+SMOTE+Augmentation with 88.77% accuracy result for this study. In the mobile application, first the cattle is detected with a pre-trained object detection model, and then the breed classification of the cattle on the image is made with image classification model.
{"title":"Detection of Bovine Species on Image Using Machine Learning Classifiers","authors":"Ali Tezcan Sarizeybek, A. Işık","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1203685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1203685","url":null,"abstract":"There are too many cattle in the world and too many breeds of cattle. For someone who is new to cattle breeding, it may be difficult to tell which species their cattle are. In some cases, an experienced person may not understand the breeds of two cattle that are similar in appearance. In this study, the aim is to classify the cattle species with image processing methods and mobile applications written in Flutter and TensorFlow Lite. For classifying breeds, The VGG-16 algorithm was used for feature extraction. XGBoost and Random Forest algorithms were used for classification and the combined versions of the two methods were compared. In addition, SMOTE algorithm and image augmentation algorithms were used to prevent the imbalance of the dataset, the performance results of the combined versions of the two methods were compared. Images of different cattle species from different farms were obtained and the dataset was prepared, then trained image classification models and tested the trained models. As a result of performance tests, it’s obtained that the best model is VGG16+Random Forest+SMOTE+Augmentation with 88.77% accuracy result for this study. In the mobile application, first the cattle is detected with a pre-trained object detection model, and then the breed classification of the cattle on the image is made with image classification model.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44257066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neslihan Delen, I. Tasçioglu, S. ALTINDAL YERİŞKİN, A. Özbay
In this work, the main electronic parameters of the performed Al-(CdxZn1-xO)-pSi Metal/İnterface-layer/Semiconductor (MIS) type Schotty Diodes (SDs) have been investigated by utilizing IV characteristics at 300 K. The (CdxZn1-xO) interfacial layer was enlarged on the pSi wafer by utilizing sol-gel technique. Ideality-factor(n), potential barrier Фbo, Rs, shunt resistances (Rsh) and rectification rate (RR) (Iforward/Ireverse) values have been calculated based on thermionic emission (TE) theory and Cheung function between -5V and 5V and they changed for 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 Cd doped interfacial layer. Energy-dependent profiles of them were also extracted from the forward bias IV data and their magnitude was found as 1012eV-1.cm-2 order which are very appropriate for the MIS type SD. The values of n, barrier height (BH), Фbo, and RR were changed from the 4.347, 0.582 eV, 5.74x103 to 5.293, 0.607 eV, 2.83x106, These results show that electronic parameters of these SDs are strong function of voltage, calculated method, and the dopand rate of Cadminium (Cd) interfacial layer and the best one rate is the 30% Cd:ZnO. Thus such an interfacial layer may be used instead of traditional insulator layers and increase the quality of Metal/Semiconductor (MS) type SDs. .
{"title":"Voltage Dependent Profiles of the Surface States and Series Resistance (Rs) in the Al-(Cd:ZnO)-pSi Schottky Diodes (SDs) Utilizing Voltage-Current (IV) Characteristics","authors":"Neslihan Delen, I. Tasçioglu, S. ALTINDAL YERİŞKİN, A. Özbay","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1218206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1218206","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the main electronic parameters of the performed Al-(CdxZn1-xO)-pSi Metal/İnterface-layer/Semiconductor (MIS) type Schotty Diodes (SDs) have been investigated by utilizing IV characteristics at 300 K. The (CdxZn1-xO) interfacial layer was enlarged on the pSi wafer by utilizing sol-gel technique. Ideality-factor(n), potential barrier Фbo, Rs, shunt resistances (Rsh) and rectification rate (RR) (Iforward/Ireverse) values have been calculated based on thermionic emission (TE) theory and Cheung function between -5V and 5V and they changed for 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 Cd doped interfacial layer. Energy-dependent profiles of them were also extracted from the forward bias IV data and their magnitude was found as 1012eV-1.cm-2 order which are very appropriate for the MIS type SD. The values of n, barrier height (BH), Фbo, and RR were changed from the 4.347, 0.582 eV, 5.74x103 to 5.293, 0.607 eV, 2.83x106, These results show that electronic parameters of these SDs are strong function of voltage, calculated method, and the dopand rate of Cadminium (Cd) interfacial layer and the best one rate is the 30% Cd:ZnO. Thus such an interfacial layer may be used instead of traditional insulator layers and increase the quality of Metal/Semiconductor (MS) type SDs. \u0000.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49341851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we present higher order Jacobsthal numbers. Then we define higher order Jacobsthal quaternions by using higher order Jacobsthal numbers. We give the concept of the norm and conjugate for these quaternions. We express and prove some propositions related to these quaternions. Also, we find the recurrence relation, the Binet formula and the generating function for these quaternions. Finally, we calculate Cassini, Catalan, Vajda and d’Ocagne identities for higher order Jacobsthal quaternions.
{"title":"On Quaternions with Higher Order Jacobsthal Numbers Components","authors":"Engin ÖZKAN, Mine UYSAL","doi":"10.35378/gujs.1002454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1002454","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we present higher order Jacobsthal numbers. Then we define higher order Jacobsthal quaternions by using higher order Jacobsthal numbers. We give the concept of the norm and conjugate for these quaternions. We express and prove some propositions related to these quaternions. Also, we find the recurrence relation, the Binet formula and the generating function for these quaternions. Finally, we calculate Cassini, Catalan, Vajda and d’Ocagne identities for higher order Jacobsthal quaternions.","PeriodicalId":12615,"journal":{"name":"gazi university journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135907517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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