Background: Curcumin, a yellow-colored molecule derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has been identified as the bioactive compound responsible for numerous pharmacological activities of turmeric. However, its bioavailability is very low, limiting its potential. We have developed a novel curcumin formulation, TS-P1, which exhibits an 85.2-fold higher bioavailability than raw curcumin. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of long-term intake of highly bioavailable curcumin, TS-P1, in healthy Japanese adults. Methods: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group comparison study. Ninety healthy Japanese adults were assigned to either the placebo or TS-P1 group and took 150 mg of curcumin or placebo daily for 12 weeks. Physical examinations, blood analysis, urinalysis, and medical examinations were performed every 4 weeks. Results: There were no adverse events attributed to the test foods during the study period. The mean change in body weight and body mass index (BMI) at week 12 from baseline showed a significantly greater reduction in the TS-P1 group. As there was no change in food or calorie intake between the groups during the study period, the observed weight reduction in the TS-P1 group appeared to be due to the pharmacological effect of curcumin through improved bioavailability. Conclusions: These results suggest that long-term intake of highly bioavailable curcumin, TS-P1 containing 150mg of curcumin, is safe. Keyword: Highly bioavailable curcumin; TS-P1: Theracurmin Super; Body index (BMI); Body weight (UMIN ID: UMIN000050377)
{"title":"Long-term safety study of the highly absorbable curcumin formulation TS-P1 in healthy Japanese adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group comparative study","authors":"Hyunjin Lee, Y. Kuwabara, Akiko Hirose, Yuji Makino, Kyohei Hashimoto, Misaki Sakata, Tadashi Watanabe","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v14i7.1396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v14i7.1396","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Curcumin, a yellow-colored molecule derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has been identified as the bioactive compound responsible for numerous pharmacological activities of turmeric. However, its bioavailability is very low, limiting its potential. We have developed a novel curcumin formulation, TS-P1, which exhibits an 85.2-fold higher bioavailability than raw curcumin.\u0000Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of long-term intake of highly bioavailable curcumin, TS-P1, in healthy Japanese adults.\u0000Methods: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group comparison study. Ninety healthy Japanese adults were assigned to either the placebo or TS-P1 group and took 150 mg of curcumin or placebo daily for 12 weeks. Physical examinations, blood analysis, urinalysis, and medical examinations were performed every 4 weeks.\u0000Results: There were no adverse events attributed to the test foods during the study period. The mean change in body weight and body mass index (BMI) at week 12 from baseline showed a significantly greater reduction in the TS-P1 group. As there was no change in food or calorie intake between the groups during the study period, the observed weight reduction in the TS-P1 group appeared to be due to the pharmacological effect of curcumin through improved bioavailability.\u0000Conclusions: These results suggest that long-term intake of highly bioavailable curcumin, TS-P1 containing 150mg of curcumin, is safe.\u0000Keyword: Highly bioavailable curcumin; TS-P1: Theracurmin Super; Body index (BMI); Body weight\u0000(UMIN ID: UMIN000050377)","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.31989/ffhd.v14i7.1382
Miftah Mutmainah, Yunika Mayangsari, Umar Santoso, W. Chansuwan, N. Sirinupong
Background: Torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) is an edible flower whose inflorescence is utlized for culinary purposes to enchance the taste of traditional dishes containing polyphenols and antioxidant compounds. However, investigation on the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of torch ginger inflorescence extract following simulated gastrointesinal digestion is still limited. Objective: This study aims to determine the phytochemical profile and evaluate the antioxidant activity of the inflorescence extract after in vitro simulated digestion. Methods: Torch ginger inflorescence (TGI) was extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction with different solvents (water,50%, and 80% aqueous ethanol). Total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity were determined by ORAC, DPPH, FRAP, and metal ion (Fe2+) chelating activity. The solvent extraction that gave the highest value of TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities was used for an in vitro digestion and identification of phytochemicals profile by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Furthermore, the TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacities of digested TGI extract were compared to those of undigested extract. Results: TGI contained 90.24% moisture. The 80% aqueous ethanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity, with an ORAC value of 1,156.61 ± 11.55 mM TE/g extract, DPPH radical scavenging capacity of 1,087.68 ± 14.37 mM TE/g extract, FRAP value of 799.30 ± 1.45 mM TE/g extract, and Fe2+ chelating capacity of 42.32 ± 3.48% /mg extract. The 39 phytochemicals were identified for 9 flavonoids and 5 phenolic acids. The putative bioactive compounds for antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anticholesterol were detected in TGIE, such as catechin, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, astragalin, chlorogenic acid, coumarin, and procyanidin B2. After passing through an in vitro simulated mouth, gastric, and intestinal digestion, the TGI extract exhibited higher values of TPC, TFC, and antioxidative capacities than the undigested extract. Conclusion: This study reviewed the phytochemical components presented in the 80% aqueous ethanol TGIE. The expressed antioxidant capacity was increased when the TGIE passed through the in vitro simulated digestion, which could potentially represent a promising source of endogenous antioxidants in food and nutraceutical applications. Keywords: Antioxidant, edible flower, gastrointestinal digestion, phytochemicals, Torch ginger inflorescence
{"title":"Phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) inflorescence extract after in vitro simulated digestion","authors":"Miftah Mutmainah, Yunika Mayangsari, Umar Santoso, W. Chansuwan, N. Sirinupong","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v14i7.1382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v14i7.1382","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) is an edible flower whose inflorescence is utlized for culinary purposes to enchance the taste of traditional dishes containing polyphenols and antioxidant compounds. However, investigation on the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of torch ginger inflorescence extract following simulated gastrointesinal digestion is still limited.\u0000Objective: This study aims to determine the phytochemical profile and evaluate the antioxidant activity of the inflorescence extract after in vitro simulated digestion.\u0000Methods: Torch ginger inflorescence (TGI) was extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction with different solvents (water,50%, and 80% aqueous ethanol). Total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity were determined by ORAC, DPPH, FRAP, and metal ion (Fe2+) chelating activity. The solvent extraction that gave the highest value of TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities was used for an in vitro digestion and identification of phytochemicals profile by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Furthermore, the TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacities of digested TGI extract were compared to those of undigested extract.\u0000Results: TGI contained 90.24% moisture. The 80% aqueous ethanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity, with an ORAC value of 1,156.61 ± 11.55 mM TE/g extract, DPPH radical scavenging capacity of 1,087.68 ± 14.37 mM TE/g extract, FRAP value of 799.30 ± 1.45 mM TE/g extract, and Fe2+ chelating capacity of 42.32 ± 3.48% /mg extract. The 39 phytochemicals were identified for 9 flavonoids and 5 phenolic acids. The putative bioactive compounds for antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anticholesterol were detected in TGIE, such as catechin, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, astragalin, chlorogenic acid, coumarin, and procyanidin B2. After passing through an in vitro simulated mouth, gastric, and intestinal digestion, the TGI extract exhibited higher values of TPC, TFC, and antioxidative capacities than the undigested extract.\u0000Conclusion: This study reviewed the phytochemical components presented in the 80% aqueous ethanol TGIE. The expressed antioxidant capacity was increased when the TGIE passed through the in vitro simulated digestion, which could potentially represent a promising source of endogenous antioxidants in food and nutraceutical applications.\u0000Keywords: Antioxidant, edible flower, gastrointestinal digestion, phytochemicals, Torch ginger inflorescence","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.31989/ffhd.v14i7.1349
M. Babakhanyan, L. Ghalachyan, Vergine Chavushyan, K. Simonyan, Lilit Darbinyan, Shushanik Gulnazaryan, Lusya Hovhannisyan
Background: It is known that 60-80% of the population affected by various diseases, such as heart attack, stroke, and oncological diseases is associated with selenium (Se) deficiency. Therefore, enriching agricultural crops with Se is considered a current issue. Objective: This study investigates Se enrichment of Lycium barbarum (Lb) and its effectiveness in hydroponic and soil conditions in the Ararat Valley. The research focuses on the impact of adding exogenous Se on plant productivity, Se accumulation, and the content of biologically active substances (BAS) in Lb berries and leaves. Methods: The experiments were conducted from 2021 to 2023 using hydroponic and soil cultivation methods with varying Se concentrations in nutrient solutions and foliar nutrition. Results: The results demonstrate that Se enrichment significantly increased Se and BAS levels in both leaves and berries of Lb, with hydroponic cultivation exhibiting higher accumulation compared to soil conditions. Foliar feeding with a 0.005% Se solution and exogenous Se addition to nutrient solutions at 1.0 mg/L resulted in notable improvements in Se content and plant productivity. Furthermore, the analyses revealed significant differences between hydroponically and soil-grown Lb, emphasizing the potential of hydroponic cultivation for producing Se-enriched plant material with enhanced BAS content. Conclusion: Hydroponic cultivation supplemented with Se and foliar nutrition is recommended for obtaining Se-rich Lb plant material, which is suitable for medicinal and functional food purposes. These findings contribute to the development of biotechnologies for Se -enriched plant production and addressing health and nutritional needs. Keywords: Goji, berries, biologically active substances, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, carotenoids
背景：众所周知，患心脏病、中风和肿瘤等各种疾病的人群中有 60-80% 与硒（Se）缺乏有关。因此，让农作物富含 Se 被认为是当前的一个问题。研究目的本研究调查了枸杞（Lb）的硒富集及其在阿拉拉特山谷水培和土壤条件下的有效性。研究重点是添加外源 Se 对植物生产力、Se 积累以及枸杞浆果和叶片中生物活性物质 (BAS) 含量的影响。研究方法实验时间为 2021 年至 2023 年，采用水培和土壤栽培方法，在营养液和叶面营养液中添加不同浓度的 Se。结果结果表明，富集 Se 能显著提高枸杞叶片和浆果中的 Se 和 BAS 含量，与土壤条件相比，水培法的积累量更高。叶面喷施 0.005% 的 Se 溶液和在营养液中添加 1.0 mg/L 的外源 Se 可显著提高 Se 含量和植物生产力。此外，分析表明水培枸橘和土培枸橘之间存在显著差异，强调了水培在生产富含 Se 的植物材料和提高 BAS 含量方面的潜力。结论建议水培并辅以 Se 和叶面营养，以获得富含 Se 的枸杞植物材料，这种材料适用于药用和功能性食品。这些发现有助于开发富含 Se 的植物生产生物技术，满足健康和营养需求：枸杞、浆果、生物活性物质、类黄酮、酚酸、单宁、类胡萝卜素
{"title":"Efficacy and selenium enrichment of Lycium barbarum in hydroponic and soil conditions in the Ararat valley","authors":"M. Babakhanyan, L. Ghalachyan, Vergine Chavushyan, K. Simonyan, Lilit Darbinyan, Shushanik Gulnazaryan, Lusya Hovhannisyan","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v14i7.1349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v14i7.1349","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It is known that 60-80% of the population affected by various diseases, such as heart attack, stroke, and oncological diseases is associated with selenium (Se) deficiency. Therefore, enriching agricultural crops with Se is considered a current issue. \u0000Objective: This study investigates Se enrichment of Lycium barbarum (Lb) and its effectiveness in hydroponic and soil conditions in the Ararat Valley. The research focuses on the impact of adding exogenous Se on plant productivity, Se accumulation, and the content of biologically active substances (BAS) in Lb berries and leaves. \u0000Methods: The experiments were conducted from 2021 to 2023 using hydroponic and soil cultivation methods with varying Se concentrations in nutrient solutions and foliar nutrition. \u0000Results: The results demonstrate that Se enrichment significantly increased Se and BAS levels in both leaves and berries of Lb, with hydroponic cultivation exhibiting higher accumulation compared to soil conditions. Foliar feeding with a 0.005% Se solution and exogenous Se addition to nutrient solutions at 1.0 mg/L resulted in notable improvements in Se content and plant productivity. Furthermore, the analyses revealed significant differences between hydroponically and soil-grown Lb, emphasizing the potential of hydroponic cultivation for producing Se-enriched plant material with enhanced BAS content. \u0000Conclusion: Hydroponic cultivation supplemented with Se and foliar nutrition is recommended for obtaining Se-rich Lb plant material, which is suitable for medicinal and functional food purposes. These findings contribute to the development of biotechnologies for Se -enriched plant production and addressing health and nutritional needs.\u0000Keywords: Goji, berries, biologically active substances, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, carotenoids","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Kurozu is a traditional Japanese rice vinegar characterized by its brown color and that has been shown to improve hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and carbohydrate metabolism. Kurozu has also been suggested to confer health benefits by altering gene expression; however, the molecular basis is not yet understood. Objective: We previously reported that the intake of Kurozu increased the expression hepatic Sirt1 and microRNA (miR). These changes in gene expression may be attributed to histone modifications. Therefore, the current research explored the effects of supplementation with concentrated Kurozu (CK) on histone modifications in the liver. Methods: Over a period of 50 weeks, mice received a high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with CK, or a standard diet (SD). The study focused on the impact of CK on gene expression related to lipid metabolism in the liver. Results: A microarray analysis revealed that HFD increased the expression of the miR cluster located on chromosome 12, while this change was suppressed by CK. The chromatin modification region upstream of the miR cluster was analyzed using a Chip assay. HFD significantly increased the levels of dimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me2) and monoacetylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac). HFD also increased H3K4me2 levels, and this change was inhibited by HFD with CK. MiR-127-5p and -134-5p, which are present in the miR cluster, inhibited MLXIPL, a transcription factor involved in synthesizing fatty acids from carbohydrates. Further experiments with human colon cancer cells demonstrated that miR-127-5p and -134-5p significantly knocked down MLXIPL. Conclusion: These results suggested that HFD affects miR expression levels by changing chromatin modification levels and that supplementation with CK suppressed HFD-induced increases in H3K4me2 levels. Furthermore, HFD upregulated the expression of miR-127-5p and -134-5p, which in turn suppressed MLXIPL. Keywords: chromatin modification, genomic imprinting, high-fat diet, Kurozu, microRNA, MLXIPL
背景：黑津是一种传统的日本米醋，其特点是呈棕色，已被证明可改善高血压、高胆固醇血症和碳水化合物代谢。黑津还被认为可通过改变基因表达而对健康有益，但其分子基础尚不清楚：我们以前曾报道过，摄入黑豆会增加肝脏 Sirt1 和微 RNA（miR）的表达。这些基因表达的变化可能与组蛋白修饰有关。因此，本研究探讨了补充浓缩黑津（CK）对肝脏组蛋白修饰的影响：方法：在为期 50 周的时间里，小鼠接受高脂饮食（HFD）、添加 CK 的 HFD 或标准饮食（SD）。研究重点是 CK 对肝脏脂质代谢相关基因表达的影响：微阵列分析显示，HFD 增加了位于第 12 号染色体上的 miR 簇的表达，而 CK 则抑制了这一变化。利用芯片分析法对 miR 簇上游的染色质修饰区域进行了分析。HFD 明显增加了组蛋白 H3 赖氨酸 4 的二甲基化（H3K4me2）和组蛋白 H3 赖氨酸 27 的单乙酰化（H3K27ac）水平。HFD 也会增加 H3K4me2 的水平，而这种变化会被含有 CK 的 HFD 所抑制。存在于 miR 簇中的 MiR-127-5p 和 -134-5p 可抑制 MLXIPL（一种参与从碳水化合物合成脂肪酸的转录因子）。用人类结肠癌细胞进行的进一步实验表明，miR-127-5p 和 -134-5p 能显著抑制 MLXIPL：这些结果表明，HFD 通过改变染色质修饰水平影响 miR 的表达水平，而补充 CK 可抑制 HFD 诱导的 H3K4me2 水平的升高。关键词：染色质修饰 基因组印记 高脂饮食 黑津 microRNA MLXIPL
{"title":"Effects of black vinegar, Kurozu, on chromatin modifications and microRNA expression in the mouse liver","authors":"Yoshihiko Shibayama, Akira Fujii, Yuki Fujimoto, Kensaku Hamada","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v14i7.1383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v14i7.1383","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Kurozu is a traditional Japanese rice vinegar characterized by its brown color and that has been shown to improve hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and carbohydrate metabolism. Kurozu has also been suggested to confer health benefits by altering gene expression; however, the molecular basis is not yet understood.\u0000Objective: We previously reported that the intake of Kurozu increased the expression hepatic Sirt1 and microRNA (miR). These changes in gene expression may be attributed to histone modifications. Therefore, the current research explored the effects of supplementation with concentrated Kurozu (CK) on histone modifications in the liver.\u0000Methods: Over a period of 50 weeks, mice received a high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with CK, or a standard diet (SD). The study focused on the impact of CK on gene expression related to lipid metabolism in the liver.\u0000Results: A microarray analysis revealed that HFD increased the expression of the miR cluster located on chromosome 12, while this change was suppressed by CK. The chromatin modification region upstream of the miR cluster was analyzed using a Chip assay. HFD significantly increased the levels of dimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me2) and monoacetylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac). HFD also increased H3K4me2 levels, and this change was inhibited by HFD with CK. MiR-127-5p and -134-5p, which are present in the miR cluster, inhibited MLXIPL, a transcription factor involved in synthesizing fatty acids from carbohydrates. Further experiments with human colon cancer cells demonstrated that miR-127-5p and -134-5p significantly knocked down MLXIPL.\u0000Conclusion: These results suggested that HFD affects miR expression levels by changing chromatin modification levels and that supplementation with CK suppressed HFD-induced increases in H3K4me2 levels. Furthermore, HFD upregulated the expression of miR-127-5p and -134-5p, which in turn suppressed MLXIPL.\u0000Keywords: chromatin modification, genomic imprinting, high-fat diet, Kurozu, microRNA, MLXIPL","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.31989/ffhd.v14i7.1386
Cinthia Nayeli Cuero Antolin, Patricia Cerecero Aguirre, Olivier Peyruchaud, Wael Hegazy Hassan Moustafa, María del Carmen Colín Ferreyra
There has been growing interest in medical research focused on natural products. As a result of the ancestral knowledge passed down through generations and the demands of our current era, there has been an increased demand for new strategies and the search for new molecules with therapeutic potential. This increase is due to new technologies, the evolution of diseases, and the emergence of new ones. In this review, we focus on the work and relevance of Curcumin research, which is one of the main components of Curcuma longa. Additionally, we explore Amaranth in its various reported species and components (seed, leaf, stem) studied. The focus is on the anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential, not only in one, but in different diseases characterized by inflammation and bone destruction. We aim to analyze the possible molecular mechanisms by which curcumin and amaranth act as well as data currently obtained from different studies. This review aims to open a new perspective to the investigation of these compounds in the field of diseases characterized by inflammation and bone destruction. Keywords: curcumin, amaranth, treatment, inflammation, bone.
{"title":"Curcumin and amaranth as potential anti-inflammatory and protective agents in bone and joint diseases","authors":"Cinthia Nayeli Cuero Antolin, Patricia Cerecero Aguirre, Olivier Peyruchaud, Wael Hegazy Hassan Moustafa, María del Carmen Colín Ferreyra","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v14i7.1386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v14i7.1386","url":null,"abstract":"There has been growing interest in medical research focused on natural products. As a result of the ancestral knowledge passed down through generations and the demands of our current era, there has been an increased demand for new strategies and the search for new molecules with therapeutic potential. This increase is due to new technologies, the evolution of diseases, and the emergence of new ones. In this review, we focus on the work and relevance of Curcumin research, which is one of the main components of Curcuma longa. Additionally, we explore Amaranth in its various reported species and components (seed, leaf, stem) studied. The focus is on the anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential, not only in one, but in different diseases characterized by inflammation and bone destruction. We aim to analyze the possible molecular mechanisms by which curcumin and amaranth act as well as data currently obtained from different studies. This review aims to open a new perspective to the investigation of these compounds in the field of diseases characterized by inflammation and bone destruction.\u0000Keywords: curcumin, amaranth, treatment, inflammation, bone.","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.31989/ffhd.v14i7.1385
Yoshiki Matsumiya, Mahendra P. Kapoor, Akiko Yamaguchi, Aya Abe, Norio Sato
Background: Clostridium butyricum is a butyrate-producing beneficial bacterium and is generally recognized as a significant indicator of appropriate gut microbial metabolism in human health. Objective: The synergistic effects of commercially available prebiotic partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) dietary fiber as a carbon source on a butyrate-producing bacterial strain were evaluated during in-vitro fermentation with Clostridium butyricum bacterial strain in a basal medium. Additionally, their prebiotic activities were compared to those of other dietary fibers. Methods: The examined functional dietary fiber substrates (PHGG, LMW-PHGG, indigestible dextrin, and inulin) demonstrated selective prebiotic effects on pH variation of a basal medium, leading to enhanced bacterial growth and butyrate production with Clostridium butyricum bacterial strains during in-vitro fermentation. Results: Prebiotic PHGG supplementation had the highest fermentability among dietary fibers, resulting in greater bacterial growth (OD660: 1.93 ± 0.01) of the Clostridium butyricum strain and enhanced butyrate generation (4.52 ± 2.09 mM) after cultivation in a basal medium. A significant difference in promoting bacterial growth (p < 0.05), pH reduction (p < 0.05), and butyrate production (p < 0.05) compared to indigestible dextrin and inulin was observed. Mannose demonstrated the strongest butyrogenic effect and improved fermentability on the Clostridium butyricum, among the studied prebiotic monosaccharides (galactose, glucose, and starch). The order of bacterial growth and butyrate synthesis was mannose > galactose > glucose > starch. The PHGG with a relatively lower molecular weight (LMW-PHGG) exhibited the improved bacterial growth of Clostridium butyricum and demonstrated the highest butyrate production after cultivation in a basal medium. A similar trend was observed when Clostridium butyricum was cultivated in-vitro using PHGG-supplemented artificial intestinal fluid containing MRS-agar medium. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the symbiotic combination of prebiotic PHGG and probiotic Clostridium butyricum could have major industrial applications as a therapeutic adjuvant for improved gastrointestinal health. Keywords: Partially hydrolyzed guar gum, synbiotic, prebiotic, probiotic, Clostridium butyricum, butyrate production
{"title":"Synergistic effect of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on Clostridium butyricum in a synbiotic combination for enhanced butyrate production during in-vitro fermentation","authors":"Yoshiki Matsumiya, Mahendra P. Kapoor, Akiko Yamaguchi, Aya Abe, Norio Sato","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v14i7.1385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v14i7.1385","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Clostridium butyricum is a butyrate-producing beneficial bacterium and is generally recognized as a significant indicator of appropriate gut microbial metabolism in human health.\u0000Objective: The synergistic effects of commercially available prebiotic partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) dietary fiber as a carbon source on a butyrate-producing bacterial strain were evaluated during in-vitro fermentation with Clostridium butyricum bacterial strain in a basal medium. Additionally, their prebiotic activities were compared to those of other dietary fibers. \u0000Methods: The examined functional dietary fiber substrates (PHGG, LMW-PHGG, indigestible dextrin, and inulin) demonstrated selective prebiotic effects on pH variation of a basal medium, leading to enhanced bacterial growth and butyrate production with Clostridium butyricum bacterial strains during in-vitro fermentation. \u0000Results: Prebiotic PHGG supplementation had the highest fermentability among dietary fibers, resulting in greater bacterial growth (OD660: 1.93 ± 0.01) of the Clostridium butyricum strain and enhanced butyrate generation (4.52 ± 2.09 mM) after cultivation in a basal medium. A significant difference in promoting bacterial growth (p < 0.05), pH reduction (p < 0.05), and butyrate production (p < 0.05) compared to indigestible dextrin and inulin was observed. Mannose demonstrated the strongest butyrogenic effect and improved fermentability on the Clostridium butyricum, among the studied prebiotic monosaccharides (galactose, glucose, and starch). The order of bacterial growth and butyrate synthesis was mannose > galactose > glucose > starch. The PHGG with a relatively lower molecular weight (LMW-PHGG) exhibited the improved bacterial growth of Clostridium butyricum and demonstrated the highest butyrate production after cultivation in a basal medium. A similar trend was observed when Clostridium butyricum was cultivated in-vitro using PHGG-supplemented artificial intestinal fluid containing MRS-agar medium. \u0000Conclusion: These findings suggest that the symbiotic combination of prebiotic PHGG and probiotic Clostridium butyricum could have major industrial applications as a therapeutic adjuvant for improved gastrointestinal health.\u0000Keywords: Partially hydrolyzed guar gum, synbiotic, prebiotic, probiotic, Clostridium butyricum, butyrate production","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141667645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Pandan Anggur plant is an endemic plant of the Papua archipelago in Indonesia, and the fruit called Pandan Anggur Fruit (PAF) is freshly consumed or prepared as a juice. Based on previous studies on the phytochemical content of PAF, the ethanol and water extract contain flavonoids, which act as immunomodulators, to regulate the response of immunity. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the potential of PAF as an immunomodulator in malnutrition cases, by evaluating six parameters which are phagocytosis capacity and nitric oxide (NO) production of peritoneal macrophage, spleen lymphocyte proliferation, IFN-γ and IL-4 in lymphocyte culture, and intestinal sIgA levels. By proving the potential of PAF as an immunomodulator, this research will lead to significant development of functional food products of Pandan Anggur. Methods: A total of 35 Sprague Dawley rats were used as animal models divided into seven different groups named standard group (healthy standard), malnourished (negative control), malnourished rats given Imboost Force (positive control), as well as PAF ethanol extract doses of I, II, III, and PAF water extract. The treatment lasted for seven weeks in total and the measurement of immunomodulator parameters was carried out at the end of the treatment period. The immunomodulator parameters included phagocytosis capacity and nitric oxide (NO) production of peritoneal macrophage, spleen lymphocyte proliferation, IFN-γ and IL-4 in lymphocyte culture, and intestinal sIgA levels. Result: The results indicated that the administration of PAF ethanol extract at a dose of 3.15 mg/mL provided an optimum immunostimulant effect, by increasing the macrophage phagocytosis capacity, nitric oxide, lymphocyte proliferation, IL-4, and sIgA levels in rat intestine. However, increasing the dose of extract did not produce a better effect, but led to suppression of immunity. Conclusion: PAF extract at a dose of 3.15 mg/mL provides an immunostimulant effect. Keywords: In Vivo, IL-4, IF-γ, sIgA, lymphocyte proliferation, macrophage, Pandan Anggur Fruit
{"title":"Potential of Pandan anggur (Sararanga Sinuosa Hemsley) as immunomodulator","authors":"Lefaan Paula, Nancy, Murdiati Agnes, Fibri Dwi, Larasatie Nur, Prof Nurliyani","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v14i7.1378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v14i7.1378","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pandan Anggur plant is an endemic plant of the Papua archipelago in Indonesia, and the fruit called Pandan Anggur Fruit (PAF) is freshly consumed or prepared as a juice. Based on previous studies on the phytochemical content of PAF, the ethanol and water extract contain flavonoids, which act as immunomodulators, to regulate the response of immunity. \u0000Objectives: This study aimed to examine the potential of PAF as an immunomodulator in malnutrition cases, by evaluating six parameters which are phagocytosis capacity and nitric oxide (NO) production of peritoneal macrophage, spleen lymphocyte proliferation, IFN-γ and IL-4 in lymphocyte culture, and intestinal sIgA levels. By proving the potential of PAF as an immunomodulator, this research will lead to significant development of functional food products of Pandan Anggur. \u0000Methods: A total of 35 Sprague Dawley rats were used as animal models divided into seven different groups named standard group (healthy standard), malnourished (negative control), malnourished rats given Imboost Force (positive control), as well as PAF ethanol extract doses of I, II, III, and PAF water extract. The treatment lasted for seven weeks in total and the measurement of immunomodulator parameters was carried out at the end of the treatment period. The immunomodulator parameters included phagocytosis capacity and nitric oxide (NO) production of peritoneal macrophage, spleen lymphocyte proliferation, IFN-γ and IL-4 in lymphocyte culture, and intestinal sIgA levels. \u0000Result: The results indicated that the administration of PAF ethanol extract at a dose of 3.15 mg/mL provided an optimum immunostimulant effect, by increasing the macrophage phagocytosis capacity, nitric oxide, lymphocyte proliferation, IL-4, and sIgA levels in rat intestine. However, increasing the dose of extract did not produce a better effect, but led to suppression of immunity. \u0000Conclusion: PAF extract at a dose of 3.15 mg/mL provides an immunostimulant effect. \u0000Keywords: In Vivo, IL-4, IF-γ, sIgA, lymphocyte proliferation, macrophage, Pandan Anggur Fruit","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.31989/ffhd.v14i5.1319
Yushi Hashizume, M. Tandia
Background: There is mounting evidence that the intake of polyphenols can help prevent cardiovascular complications. Furthermore, multiple intakes of different polyphenol compounds are expected to have a synergistic effect. However, few studies have examined the preventive effect of simultaneous polyphenol intake on cardiovascular complications in healthy adults. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of daily intake of 70 mg of monoglucosyl hesperidin (MH) alone, or in combination with 140 mg of monoglucosyl rutin (MR), in improving vascular flexibility. Methods: This 8-week study was conducted on 66 healthy male and female participants with a relatively high body mass index (BMI) and low vascular flexibility. The participants were randomly assigned to an MH group (MH alone), MHMR group (combination of MH and MR), or placebo group by a computer-generated list (each n = 22). Participants took two tablets per day of either MH, MHMR or placebo during the intervention. Outcomes included vascular function indices, capillary flow, and inflammatory markers. Assessment points were at 4 weeks (4w) and 8 weeks (8w) of the intervention. Results: The primary outcome was flow-mediated dilation. In an analysis including participants whose left brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was ≥1232.5 cm/s at baseline in the per-protocol set, the MHMR group showed significant improvement compared with the placebo group in flow-mediated dilation, maximum post-avascularization artery diameter, baPWV (each and average of both legs), and E-selectin at 8w. Conclusion: These results indicated that MH, in combination with MR, may act on vascular endothelial cells to improve vascular flexibility in healthy adults with a relatively lowvascular flexibility. (UMIN000046054). Keywords: Monoglucosyl hesperidin; Monoglucosyl rutin; flow-mediated dilation; E-selectin; pulse wave velocity, body mass index, vascular flexibility
{"title":"The beneficial effects of monoglucosyl hesperidin and monoglucosyl rutin on vascular flexibility: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study","authors":"Yushi Hashizume, M. Tandia","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v14i5.1319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v14i5.1319","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is mounting evidence that the intake of polyphenols can help prevent cardiovascular complications. Furthermore, multiple intakes of different polyphenol compounds are expected to have a synergistic effect. However, few studies have examined the preventive effect of simultaneous polyphenol intake on cardiovascular complications in healthy adults. \u0000Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of daily intake of 70 mg of monoglucosyl hesperidin (MH) alone, or in combination with 140 mg of monoglucosyl rutin (MR), in improving vascular flexibility.\u0000Methods: This 8-week study was conducted on 66 healthy male and female participants with a relatively high body mass index (BMI) and low vascular flexibility. The participants were randomly assigned to an MH group (MH alone), MHMR group (combination of MH and MR), or placebo group by a computer-generated list (each n = 22). Participants took two tablets per day of either MH, MHMR or placebo during the intervention. Outcomes included vascular function indices, capillary flow, and inflammatory markers. Assessment points were at 4 weeks (4w) and 8 weeks (8w) of the intervention.\u0000Results: The primary outcome was flow-mediated dilation. In an analysis including participants whose left brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was ≥1232.5 cm/s at baseline in the per-protocol set, the MHMR group showed significant improvement compared with the placebo group in flow-mediated dilation, maximum post-avascularization artery diameter, baPWV (each and average of both legs), and E-selectin at 8w.\u0000Conclusion: These results indicated that MH, in combination with MR, may act on vascular endothelial cells to improve vascular flexibility in healthy adults with a relatively lowvascular flexibility. (UMIN000046054).\u0000Keywords: Monoglucosyl hesperidin; Monoglucosyl rutin; flow-mediated dilation; E-selectin; pulse wave velocity, body mass index, vascular flexibility","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common disease that may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through fatty liver and cirrhosis. Although the prevalence of NASH is increasing worldwide, there is no cure established thus far. Sake lees are a by-product of sake refining, with a known liver-protecting effect. Lactic acid-fermented sake lees (FSL) are a food produced by lactic acid fermentation and dealcoholization of sake lees. This product is commercially available in Japan. Although FSL has been associated with numerous functions, thus far, studies have not investigated its hepatoprotective effect. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of lactic acid-fermented sake lees (FSL) in a mouse model of NASH-HCC, to assess the impact of FSL supplementation on blood glucose levels in mice with NASH, to analyze the expression of inflammatory markers in FSL-fed mice compared to controls, and to determine the overall efficacy of FSL in inhibiting the progression of NASH. Methods: For this study, we established a mouse model of NASH-HCC. Mice were placed on a high-fat diet supplemented with FSL from 10 to 14 weeks of age. We assessed the diet's efficacy in halting NASH progression compared to a control group. Results: The group fed with FSL exhibited a significant suppression in blood glucose levels and a notable inhibition of NASH progression compared to the control group. Protein analysis revealed a reduction in the expression of inflammatory markers in the FSL-fed group compared to controls. Conclusion: Ingestion of FSL may exert anti-inflammatory and blood glucose-lowering effects and inhibit NASH progression. Keywords: anti-inflammation, blood glucose, fatty liver, Sake lees
{"title":"Lactic acid-fermented Sake lees protect against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice","authors":"Hiroshi Suzuki, Kenichi Watanabe, Somasundaram Arumugam, Rejina Afrin, Masahiko Yamamoto, Y. Matsubayashi, Hirohito Sone","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v14i5.1341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v14i5.1341","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common disease that may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through fatty liver and cirrhosis. Although the prevalence of NASH is increasing worldwide, there is no cure established thus far. Sake lees are a by-product of sake refining, with a known liver-protecting effect. Lactic acid-fermented sake lees (FSL) are a food produced by lactic acid fermentation and dealcoholization of sake lees. This product is commercially available in Japan. Although FSL has been associated with numerous functions, thus far, studies have not investigated its hepatoprotective effect.\u0000Objectives: The objectives of this study are to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of lactic acid-fermented sake lees (FSL) in a mouse model of NASH-HCC, to assess the impact of FSL supplementation on blood glucose levels in mice with NASH, to analyze the expression of inflammatory markers in FSL-fed mice compared to controls, and to determine the overall efficacy of FSL in inhibiting the progression of NASH.\u0000Methods: For this study, we established a mouse model of NASH-HCC. Mice were placed on a high-fat diet supplemented with FSL from 10 to 14 weeks of age. We assessed the diet's efficacy in halting NASH progression compared to a control group.\u0000Results: The group fed with FSL exhibited a significant suppression in blood glucose levels and a notable inhibition of NASH progression compared to the control group. Protein analysis revealed a reduction in the expression of inflammatory markers in the FSL-fed group compared to controls.\u0000Conclusion: Ingestion of FSL may exert anti-inflammatory and blood glucose-lowering effects and inhibit NASH progression.\u0000Keywords: anti-inflammation, blood glucose, fatty liver, Sake lees","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141124871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a type of anxiety disorder that is marked by intrusive and distressing thoughts, as well as repetitive behaviors. Trout fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a functional food that might have potential therapeutic effects on many neurological disorders including OCD. Objective: This study aims to explore the effects of Al-Assi River trout fish meal, a dietary source of tryptophan, on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms and related molecular pathways in BALB/c mice. Methods: OCD mice were divided into five groups: one control group without any treatment, one group treated with fluoxetine (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), and three groups fed with different doses of trout fish meal (0, 7.5, and 15 g/kg body weight). The mice were subjected to various behavioral tests, such as the marble test, tail suspension test, sucrose preference test, and forced swim test, to evaluate OCD and depressive-like behaviors. Moreover, the expression and protein levels of genes involved in the serotonergic and GABAergic systems were measured. Results: The results indicated that trout fish meal had dose-dependent effects on OCD-like behaviors, revealing exacerbation at lower doses and improvement at higher doses. For instance, in the marble test, OCD mice fed with 7.5 g of trout fish/kg body weight buried more marbles than those fed with 15 g/kg of trout fish (4.5 vs 3.33 out of 6, p>0.05). In the tail suspension test, the immobility time of OCD mice treated with fluoxetine was numerically lower than that of the untreated OCD mice (63.6 vs 87.3 seconds, p>0.05). Furthermore, normal mice had different baseline gene expression profiles than OCD mice. Normal mice had the highest fold increase of Gabra gene expression (3.75) compared to the untreated OCD group, followed by groups treated with 7.5 and 15 g of trout fish/kg body weight (2.02 and 1.44, respectively). Conclusions: This study suggests that dietary interventions rich in tryptophan, such as trout fish meal, may have modulatory effects on OCD symptoms and molecular mechanisms in mice. However, the optimal dosing and individual variability need to be considered. More research is required to clarify the underlying mechanisms and to evaluate the potential efficacy of trout fish meal in treating OCD in humans. Keywords: BALB/c mice, OCD, qPCR, Western blotting, Gabra, Serotonin, Trout fish, Tryptophan.
{"title":"The modulatory effect of Al-Assi river trout fish meal on OCD manifestations and molecular mechanisms in BALB/c Mice","authors":"Fatima Salloum, Mohamad Farran, Houssam S Shaib, Abdo Jurjus, Roni Sleiman, Mahmoud Khalil","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v14i5.1321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v14i5.1321","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a type of anxiety disorder that is marked by intrusive and distressing thoughts, as well as repetitive behaviors. Trout fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a functional food that might have potential therapeutic effects on many neurological disorders including OCD.\u0000Objective: This study aims to explore the effects of Al-Assi River trout fish meal, a dietary source of tryptophan, on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms and related molecular pathways in BALB/c mice.\u0000Methods: OCD mice were divided into five groups: one control group without any treatment, one group treated with fluoxetine (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), and three groups fed with different doses of trout fish meal (0, 7.5, and 15 g/kg body weight). The mice were subjected to various behavioral tests, such as the marble test, tail suspension test, sucrose preference test, and forced swim test, to evaluate OCD and depressive-like behaviors. Moreover, the expression and protein levels of genes involved in the serotonergic and GABAergic systems were measured.\u0000Results: The results indicated that trout fish meal had dose-dependent effects on OCD-like behaviors, revealing exacerbation at lower doses and improvement at higher doses. For instance, in the marble test, OCD mice fed with 7.5 g of trout fish/kg body weight buried more marbles than those fed with 15 g/kg of trout fish (4.5 vs 3.33 out of 6, p>0.05). In the tail suspension test, the immobility time of OCD mice treated with fluoxetine was numerically lower than that of the untreated OCD mice (63.6 vs 87.3 seconds, p>0.05). Furthermore, normal mice had different baseline gene expression profiles than OCD mice. Normal mice had the highest fold increase of Gabra gene expression (3.75) compared to the untreated OCD group, followed by groups treated with 7.5 and 15 g of trout fish/kg body weight (2.02 and 1.44, respectively).\u0000Conclusions: This study suggests that dietary interventions rich in tryptophan, such as trout fish meal, may have modulatory effects on OCD symptoms and molecular mechanisms in mice. However, the optimal dosing and individual variability need to be considered. More research is required to clarify the underlying mechanisms and to evaluate the potential efficacy of trout fish meal in treating OCD in humans.\u0000Keywords: BALB/c mice, OCD, qPCR, Western blotting, Gabra, Serotonin, Trout fish, Tryptophan.","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140970180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：