Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.31989/ffhd.v13i7.1123
M. Daryadar, J. Alexanyan, Stepan K. Mayrapetyan, Kh.S. Mayrapetyan, A. Tovmasyan, A. Tadevosyan
Background: The leaves of peppermint and the essential oil received from them are used in medicine. The chemical content of essential oil is quite complex. It contains about 30 terpene compounds. The content of essential oil in flowers is 4-6%; in leaves – 2.4-2.8%, and in stems 0.3%. The main components that define the quality of essential oils are menthol, menthone, limonene, menthofuran, and isomenthone. Peppermint is used in the form of tea, tincture, extract, and salves. It has a regulating influence on the heart and circulatory system. It calms the heartbeat and supports the decrease of blood pressure, and the oil stream is used for dyspnea in the form of inhalation. Plant cream is used against insect bites, eczema, hemorrhoids, muscle pains, and some chronic diseases.Context and purpose of this study: The work aimed to study the content of the main components from the quality indicators of the essential oil of peppermint grown in different water-stream and classical hydroponic systems for the first time in Armenia.Results: From the analyses, it was revealed that the strengthening of the essential oil of peppermint grown in different systems of the water-stream hydroponics (cylindrical, gully, continuous) and classical hydroponics was observed in August. At the same time, high-yield plants of cylindrical and classical hydroponic systems exceeded other variants by 1.3-1.5 times with the essential oil output. In hydroponic systems, the specificities of the physical-chemical indices of peppermint essential oil were also studied. In August, the refractive indicator of essential oil increased to some extent in all variants, except for continuous hydroponics. The lack of increase in continuous hydroponics can likely be explained by the change in the ratio of essential oil to different compounds. At the end of vegetation, in September, some increase of essential oils' specific gravity was observed in the gully (2.1-3.5%) and continuous (4.5-4.7%) modules, while in cylindrical and classical hydroponics the change was minor. During vegetation, the essential oil of plant leaves was subject to not only quantitative but also qualitative changes. The cylindrical system exceeded other water-stream hydroponics variants with the main essential oil menthol component by 1.1-1.4 times and classical hydroponics by 1.1 times. The Gully system exceeded other water-stream systems with the content of D-Limonene and Menthyl acetate 3.6-9.7 and 1.3-3.0 times, respectively. And classical hydroponics 1.4 and 1.7 times, respectively. In the continuous system, the content of Isomentone, Pulegone, and Mint furanone was 1.3-2.0, 3.3-3.5, and 5.7-6.2 times higher, respectively, compared with the other water-stream hydroponic systems, and 1.6, 2.6, and 1.7 times, compared with classical hydroponics. Classical hydroponics exceeded all variants of water-stream hydroponics in the content of Piperidone by 3.3-4.1 times.Conclusion:Although the strengthening of essential oil bios
{"title":"Estimating peppermint essential oil levels: water-stream and classical hydroponic systems","authors":"M. Daryadar, J. Alexanyan, Stepan K. Mayrapetyan, Kh.S. Mayrapetyan, A. Tovmasyan, A. Tadevosyan","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v13i7.1123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v13i7.1123","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The leaves of peppermint and the essential oil received from them are used in medicine. The chemical content of essential oil is quite complex. It contains about 30 terpene compounds. The content of essential oil in flowers is 4-6%; in leaves – 2.4-2.8%, and in stems 0.3%. The main components that define the quality of essential oils are menthol, menthone, limonene, menthofuran, and isomenthone. Peppermint is used in the form of tea, tincture, extract, and salves. It has a regulating influence on the heart and circulatory system. It calms the heartbeat and supports the decrease of blood pressure, and the oil stream is used for dyspnea in the form of inhalation. Plant cream is used against insect bites, eczema, hemorrhoids, muscle pains, and some chronic diseases.Context and purpose of this study: The work aimed to study the content of the main components from the quality indicators of the essential oil of peppermint grown in different water-stream and classical hydroponic systems for the first time in Armenia.Results: From the analyses, it was revealed that the strengthening of the essential oil of peppermint grown in different systems of the water-stream hydroponics (cylindrical, gully, continuous) and classical hydroponics was observed in August. At the same time, high-yield plants of cylindrical and classical hydroponic systems exceeded other variants by 1.3-1.5 times with the essential oil output. In hydroponic systems, the specificities of the physical-chemical indices of peppermint essential oil were also studied. In August, the refractive indicator of essential oil increased to some extent in all variants, except for continuous hydroponics. The lack of increase in continuous hydroponics can likely be explained by the change in the ratio of essential oil to different compounds. At the end of vegetation, in September, some increase of essential oils' specific gravity was observed in the gully (2.1-3.5%) and continuous (4.5-4.7%) modules, while in cylindrical and classical hydroponics the change was minor. During vegetation, the essential oil of plant leaves was subject to not only quantitative but also qualitative changes. The cylindrical system exceeded other water-stream hydroponics variants with the main essential oil menthol component by 1.1-1.4 times and classical hydroponics by 1.1 times. The Gully system exceeded other water-stream systems with the content of D-Limonene and Menthyl acetate 3.6-9.7 and 1.3-3.0 times, respectively. And classical hydroponics 1.4 and 1.7 times, respectively. In the continuous system, the content of Isomentone, Pulegone, and Mint furanone was 1.3-2.0, 3.3-3.5, and 5.7-6.2 times higher, respectively, compared with the other water-stream hydroponic systems, and 1.6, 2.6, and 1.7 times, compared with classical hydroponics. Classical hydroponics exceeded all variants of water-stream hydroponics in the content of Piperidone by 3.3-4.1 times.Conclusion:Although the strengthening of essential oil bios","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41656723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.31989/ffhd.v13i7.1105
T. Lawal, Shital R Patel, G. Mahady
Background: Food and medicinal plants are used traditionally in Nigeria to treat gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and GI-related cancers. We have previously reported that specific extracts of Nigerian food and medicinal plants inhibited the growth of Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium known to cause peptic ulcer disease, as well as gastric and colon cancer. Objective: To determine the effects of three food plants, namely Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (African birch, Combretaceae), Terminalia glaucescens Planch ex Benth. (Nigerian chewing sticks, Combretaceae) and Dillenia indica L. (Elephant apple, Dilleniaceae) used in Nigeria for the treatment of GI disorders and cancer in six colon and gastric cancer cell lines, and two non-cancerous cell lines. Methods: Cancer cells were grown in appropriate media and CellTiter-Glo® 2.0 and ApoTox-Glo™ Triplex assays were used to measure cell growth and apoptosis in SW480, SW620, HCT116, Caco2 cell lines, as well as AGS and NCI-N87 gastric cancer cells. Caspase-Glo® 3/7, and Caspase-Glo® 8 were used to determine caspase activities and apoptosis. Gene expression was measured using quantitative PCR.Results: The methanol extract of A. leiocarpus roots inhibited the growth of HCT-116, SW480 and SW620 colon cancer cells (IC50 of 15.8, 10.0, and 20.8 µg/mL, respectively), but weakly active in the AGS and NCI-N87 cells (IC50 77.0 and >100 µg/mL respectively). The T. glaucescens extract was weakly active in HCT-116 cells (IC50 64.9 µg/ml) and AGS cells (52.2 µg/ml). The D. indica extract was active in SW480 (IC50 15.8 µg/mL), and weakly active in Caco2 (IC50 35.2 µg/mL) and HCT-116 (IC50 53.2 µg/mL). In HCT-116 cells, A. leiocarpus root extract and its aqueous partition increased caspase 8 activity, as well as mRNA expression of p53, while expression of Bcl-2 and HDAC1 mRNA was reduced. Bioassay guided fractionation of the aqueous partition led to the isolation and identification of the known compound methyl gallate.Conclusions: These data suggest that the Nigerian food plants with anti-Helicobacter pylori activities increase the expression of the tumor suppressor p53 and inhibit HDAC1, thereby inducing apoptosis in HCT-116 colon cancer cells.Running Title: Inhibitory Effects of Nigerian food plants on GIT CancersKeywords: African birch, AGS, Apoptosis, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Dillenia indica, Elephant apple, Terminalia glaucescens, Nigerian chewing sticks, HCT-116, SW480, SW620
{"title":"Food and medicinal plants from Nigeria with anti-Helicobacter pylori activities induce apoptosis in colon and gastric cancer cell lines","authors":"T. Lawal, Shital R Patel, G. Mahady","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v13i7.1105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v13i7.1105","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Food and medicinal plants are used traditionally in Nigeria to treat gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and GI-related cancers. We have previously reported that specific extracts of Nigerian food and medicinal plants inhibited the growth of Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium known to cause peptic ulcer disease, as well as gastric and colon cancer. Objective: To determine the effects of three food plants, namely Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (African birch, Combretaceae), Terminalia glaucescens Planch ex Benth. (Nigerian chewing sticks, Combretaceae) and Dillenia indica L. (Elephant apple, Dilleniaceae) used in Nigeria for the treatment of GI disorders and cancer in six colon and gastric cancer cell lines, and two non-cancerous cell lines. Methods: Cancer cells were grown in appropriate media and CellTiter-Glo® 2.0 and ApoTox-Glo™ Triplex assays were used to measure cell growth and apoptosis in SW480, SW620, HCT116, Caco2 cell lines, as well as AGS and NCI-N87 gastric cancer cells. Caspase-Glo® 3/7, and Caspase-Glo® 8 were used to determine caspase activities and apoptosis. Gene expression was measured using quantitative PCR.Results: The methanol extract of A. leiocarpus roots inhibited the growth of HCT-116, SW480 and SW620 colon cancer cells (IC50 of 15.8, 10.0, and 20.8 µg/mL, respectively), but weakly active in the AGS and NCI-N87 cells (IC50 77.0 and >100 µg/mL respectively). The T. glaucescens extract was weakly active in HCT-116 cells (IC50 64.9 µg/ml) and AGS cells (52.2 µg/ml). The D. indica extract was active in SW480 (IC50 15.8 µg/mL), and weakly active in Caco2 (IC50 35.2 µg/mL) and HCT-116 (IC50 53.2 µg/mL). In HCT-116 cells, A. leiocarpus root extract and its aqueous partition increased caspase 8 activity, as well as mRNA expression of p53, while expression of Bcl-2 and HDAC1 mRNA was reduced. Bioassay guided fractionation of the aqueous partition led to the isolation and identification of the known compound methyl gallate.Conclusions: These data suggest that the Nigerian food plants with anti-Helicobacter pylori activities increase the expression of the tumor suppressor p53 and inhibit HDAC1, thereby inducing apoptosis in HCT-116 colon cancer cells.Running Title: Inhibitory Effects of Nigerian food plants on GIT CancersKeywords: African birch, AGS, Apoptosis, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Dillenia indica, Elephant apple, Terminalia glaucescens, Nigerian chewing sticks, HCT-116, SW480, SW620","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48144379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.31989/ffhd.v13i7.1121
G. Abitayeva, G. Bissenova, B. Mussabayeva, Yerassyl Naimanov, Тamara Тultabayeva, Z. Sarmurzina
Background: This study was aimed at the development of a whey beverage enriched with a probiotic starter culture, prebiotics, vitamins, and minerals, and evaluation of microbiological, physico-chemical, and toxicological characteristics of the developed beverage.Methods: The beverage formulation was determined based on organoleptic analysis. The assessment of microbiological and physico-chemical parameters was carried out in accordance with regulatory standards. The safety assessment of the developed drink was carried out in vivo.Results:A beverage formulation based on whey enriched with probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei 1A, Lactobacillus paracasei 2A, Lactobacillus brevis 4 LB, prebiotic inulin, vitamins (A, C) and minerals (potassium iodide) was developed. The organoleptic, physico-chemical, and microbiological properties of the developed drink were determined. The quality of the beverage complied with food safety regulations, the viability of probiotic bacteria and the acidity of the beverage remained stable during storage. Acute score toxicity and allergenic properties in vivo did not reveal any physiological abnormalities and made it possible to classify the developed product as a low-hazard substance.Conclusion:The optimal composition of a probiotic whey beverage has been developed, which can be considered as a potential product for functional nutrition.Keywords: Whey beverage, Formulation, Probiotic, Functional, Safety Assessment, Toxicity, Allergenic properties, In vivo
{"title":"Development, quality and safety evaluation of a probiotic whey beverage","authors":"G. Abitayeva, G. Bissenova, B. Mussabayeva, Yerassyl Naimanov, Тamara Тultabayeva, Z. Sarmurzina","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v13i7.1121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v13i7.1121","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study was aimed at the development of a whey beverage enriched with a probiotic starter culture, prebiotics, vitamins, and minerals, and evaluation of microbiological, physico-chemical, and toxicological characteristics of the developed beverage.Methods: The beverage formulation was determined based on organoleptic analysis. The assessment of microbiological and physico-chemical parameters was carried out in accordance with regulatory standards. The safety assessment of the developed drink was carried out in vivo.Results:A beverage formulation based on whey enriched with probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei 1A, Lactobacillus paracasei 2A, Lactobacillus brevis 4 LB, prebiotic inulin, vitamins (A, C) and minerals (potassium iodide) was developed. The organoleptic, physico-chemical, and microbiological properties of the developed drink were determined. The quality of the beverage complied with food safety regulations, the viability of probiotic bacteria and the acidity of the beverage remained stable during storage. Acute score toxicity and allergenic properties in vivo did not reveal any physiological abnormalities and made it possible to classify the developed product as a low-hazard substance.Conclusion:The optimal composition of a probiotic whey beverage has been developed, which can be considered as a potential product for functional nutrition.Keywords: Whey beverage, Formulation, Probiotic, Functional, Safety Assessment, Toxicity, Allergenic properties, In vivo","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46078059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.31989/ffhd.v13i6.1088
J. Youovop, G. Takuissu, Christelle Mbopda, F. Nwang, Raissa Ntentié, Mary-ann A. Mbong, B. Azantsa, Harinder Singh, J. Oben
Introduction: Previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of Dyglomera®, a hydroethanolic extract of Dichrostachys glomerata, on inflammation as well as parameters linked to metabolic syndrome. Its effect on body fat was however not verified. The present study was therefore carried out to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of the Dyglomera®, on overweight and obese subjects.Methods: This 12-week randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial had percentage body fat measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, body weight and body mass index set as efficacy endpoints. On the other hand, key biochemical parameters were measured as secondary endpoints. The values of these parameters at T12 compared to T0 for the placebo and Dyglomera® groups were used as a measure of the efficacy. Results: Subjects treated with Dyglomera® for 12 weeks showed significant differences, with 6.73 kg (p<0.05) decrease in the body weight and 22.85% (p<0.05) reduction in the percentage body fat. In addition, the markers of lipid profile, adipocytokines, glycemia and transaminases plasmatic activities were also improved by the intake of Dyglomera®.Conclusions: This study shows that Dyglomera® effectively decreases the body weight in obese subjects after 12 weeks of treatment, which was accompanied by a reduction in the body fat and related disorders. Dyglomera®is a good agent for overweight and obesity management.Keywords: Dichrostachys glomerata, Dyglomera®, body fat percentage, body weight, clinical trials.
简介:先前的研究表明Dyglomera®，一种双青豆(Dichrostachys glomerata)的氢乙醇提取物，对炎症和代谢综合征相关参数有有益作用。然而，它对体脂的影响尚未得到证实。因此，本研究旨在评估Dyglomera®对超重和肥胖受试者的抗肥胖作用。方法:这项为期12周的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验以双能x线吸收仪测量体脂百分比、体重和体重指数为疗效终点。另一方面，测量关键生化参数作为次要终点。在T12时，这些参数的值与安慰剂组和Dyglomera®组的T0相比，被用作疗效的衡量标准。结果:Dyglomera®治疗12周后，体重下降6.73 kg (p<0.05)，体脂率下降22.85% (p<0.05)。此外，摄入Dyglomera®后，血脂指标、脂肪细胞因子、血糖和转氨酶的血浆活性也有所改善。结论:本研究表明，Dyglomera®在治疗12周后有效降低肥胖受试者的体重，同时伴有体脂和相关疾病的减少。Dyglomera®是一种很好的超重和肥胖管理剂。关键词:肾小球二色粘连，Dyglomera®，体脂率，体重，临床试验
{"title":"The effects of DyglomeraⓇ (dichrostachys glomerata extract) on body fat percentage and body weight: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","authors":"J. Youovop, G. Takuissu, Christelle Mbopda, F. Nwang, Raissa Ntentié, Mary-ann A. Mbong, B. Azantsa, Harinder Singh, J. Oben","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v13i6.1088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v13i6.1088","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of Dyglomera®, a hydroethanolic extract of Dichrostachys glomerata, on inflammation as well as parameters linked to metabolic syndrome. Its effect on body fat was however not verified. The present study was therefore carried out to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of the Dyglomera®, on overweight and obese subjects.Methods: This 12-week randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial had percentage body fat measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, body weight and body mass index set as efficacy endpoints. On the other hand, key biochemical parameters were measured as secondary endpoints. The values of these parameters at T12 compared to T0 for the placebo and Dyglomera® groups were used as a measure of the efficacy. Results: Subjects treated with Dyglomera® for 12 weeks showed significant differences, with 6.73 kg (p<0.05) decrease in the body weight and 22.85% (p<0.05) reduction in the percentage body fat. In addition, the markers of lipid profile, adipocytokines, glycemia and transaminases plasmatic activities were also improved by the intake of Dyglomera®.Conclusions: This study shows that Dyglomera® effectively decreases the body weight in obese subjects after 12 weeks of treatment, which was accompanied by a reduction in the body fat and related disorders. Dyglomera®is a good agent for overweight and obesity management.Keywords: Dichrostachys glomerata, Dyglomera®, body fat percentage, body weight, clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45352788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.31989/ffhd.v13i6.1126
Zahraa Adil Ahmed, N. K. Mohammed, A. S. Meor Hussin
Background: This study aimed to compare the effects of three different frying methods, namely air frying (AF), microwave frying (MF), and deep frying (DF) in corn oil, on the moisture and texture, as well as the content and absorption of oil, carbohydrates and acrylamide in French fries. Materials and Methods: For the DF, the fresh potatoes were fully dipped in corn oil and the oil temperature was set at 160 °C for three intervals of 3, 5, and 7 minutes. In the MF, the oil was preheated to 180 °C for three time intervals of 160, 180, and 200 seconds. The AF was set at a temperature of 170 °C for three time intervals of 8, 10, and 12 minutes, without adding oil.Results: The results showed that AF resulted in a lower acrylamide content (21.8 ppm) after 8 minutes at 170°C compared to the other frying methods. However, DF in corn oil was preferred in terms of color, flavor, and overall acceptance in the sensory evaluation of the French fries. MF resulted in the hardest French fry texture due to excessive evaporation of moisture.Conclusion: The findings suggest that AF may be a healthier option with a lower acrylamide content, while DF in corn oil may be preferred for its superior sensory characteristics.Keywords: Acrylamide, Air frying, Deep frying, Microwave, Oil absorption, Sensory evaluation.
{"title":"Acrylamide content and quality characteristics of French fries influenced by different frying methods","authors":"Zahraa Adil Ahmed, N. K. Mohammed, A. S. Meor Hussin","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v13i6.1126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v13i6.1126","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to compare the effects of three different frying methods, namely air frying (AF), microwave frying (MF), and deep frying (DF) in corn oil, on the moisture and texture, as well as the content and absorption of oil, carbohydrates and acrylamide in French fries. Materials and Methods: For the DF, the fresh potatoes were fully dipped in corn oil and the oil temperature was set at 160 °C for three intervals of 3, 5, and 7 minutes. In the MF, the oil was preheated to 180 °C for three time intervals of 160, 180, and 200 seconds. The AF was set at a temperature of 170 °C for three time intervals of 8, 10, and 12 minutes, without adding oil.Results: The results showed that AF resulted in a lower acrylamide content (21.8 ppm) after 8 minutes at 170°C compared to the other frying methods. However, DF in corn oil was preferred in terms of color, flavor, and overall acceptance in the sensory evaluation of the French fries. MF resulted in the hardest French fry texture due to excessive evaporation of moisture.Conclusion: The findings suggest that AF may be a healthier option with a lower acrylamide content, while DF in corn oil may be preferred for its superior sensory characteristics.Keywords: Acrylamide, Air frying, Deep frying, Microwave, Oil absorption, Sensory evaluation. ","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43094028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: To the best of our knowledge, there are no clinical trials conducted with Astragalus and ginseng extracts on nitric oxide (NO) levels in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether the standardized intake of Astragalus membranaceus and Panax notoginseng saponins (APS) could increase NO production by enhancing arginine absorption and reducing levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (AMDA).Methods: A clinical trial involving healthy adult participants aged between 20 to 80 years was conducted as a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. The participants received 5 g of arginine powder and one capsule of APS or placebo twice, with a wash-out period between each administration. Plasma and urine were collected for testing, and 24 subjects were included for analysis after excluding six subjects with great individual differences.Results:It was found that after APS supplementation, the area under the curve (AUC) of arginine significantly increased by 17.3% (p = 0.041), the maximum concentration (Cmax) increased by 11.1%, and the Arg/ADMA ratio significantly increased by 167.1% (p = 0.007). Moreover, urinary nitrate and cGMP levels increased by 20.8% and 18.9%, respectively.Conclusions: APS showed increases in arginine absorption, decrease ADMA levels, and enhance NO production. With these findings, the addition of APS to arginine supplements could be advantageous for pre-workout and cardiovascular health.Keywords:Astragalus membranaceus and Panax notoginseng saponins (APS), arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), nitric oxide (NO), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)Clinical trial registration: NCT05024123
{"title":"Pharmacokinetic effect of Astragalus membranaceus and Panax notoginseng saponins on arginine absorption and nitric oxide production in healthy subjects","authors":"Ching-Pin Lin, Chao Lin, I-Chin Wu, Tingtiao Pan, You-Cheng Shen","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v13i6.1104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v13i6.1104","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To the best of our knowledge, there are no clinical trials conducted with Astragalus and ginseng extracts on nitric oxide (NO) levels in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether the standardized intake of Astragalus membranaceus and Panax notoginseng saponins (APS) could increase NO production by enhancing arginine absorption and reducing levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (AMDA).Methods: A clinical trial involving healthy adult participants aged between 20 to 80 years was conducted as a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. The participants received 5 g of arginine powder and one capsule of APS or placebo twice, with a wash-out period between each administration. Plasma and urine were collected for testing, and 24 subjects were included for analysis after excluding six subjects with great individual differences.Results:It was found that after APS supplementation, the area under the curve (AUC) of arginine significantly increased by 17.3% (p = 0.041), the maximum concentration (Cmax) increased by 11.1%, and the Arg/ADMA ratio significantly increased by 167.1% (p = 0.007). Moreover, urinary nitrate and cGMP levels increased by 20.8% and 18.9%, respectively.Conclusions: APS showed increases in arginine absorption, decrease ADMA levels, and enhance NO production. With these findings, the addition of APS to arginine supplements could be advantageous for pre-workout and cardiovascular health.Keywords:Astragalus membranaceus and Panax notoginseng saponins (APS), arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), nitric oxide (NO), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)Clinical trial registration: NCT05024123","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41762530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.31989/ffhd.v13i6.1089
Naoyuki Kouno, N. Suzuki, T. Takara
Background: The Purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sulforaphane glucosinolate (SGS) from broccoli seed extracts on immune function and common cold symptoms in healthy Japanese adults.Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group comparison study was conducted on Japanese adults who had worse health-related quality of life on the SF-8 and were more likely to catch colds from October 22, 2020 to April 2, 2021.Individuals who agreed to participate in the study were randomly assigned to either the SGS 100 mg/day group or the placebo group (n = 33 each). The intervention lasted 8 weeks. The outcomes of this study were the cumulative and the maximum number of days for which common cold symptoms persisted during the intervention period per subject (primary), and the frequency with which subjects experienced these symptoms per group (secondary). Additionally, the incidence rate of subjects infected with the influenza virus, immune indices, and SF-8 were assessed.Results: Based on a per protocol set, 64 subjects (33 in the SGS group and 31 in the placebo group) were analyzed. After the 8-week interventional period, the cumulative number of days for which common cold symptoms per subject was significantly lower for the SGS group than the placebo group (12.1 ± 13.5 for the SGS group and 20.2 ± 18.2 for the placebo group). The cumulative number of days of common cold symptoms per group was also significantly lower in the SGS group than in the placebo group (400 days in the SGS group and 626 days in the placebo group). No changes attributable to the SGS intervention were observed in the other outcomes. There were no adverse events due to food ingestion.Conclusion: A period of 8 weeks of SGS intake was shown to alleviate the onset of common cold symptoms in healthy Japanese adults who were prone to catching colds and had a low subjective sense of wellness.Keywords: Broccoli, sulforaphane, glucoraphanin, cold symptoms, immunityTrial registration: UMIN-CTR: UMIN000042195.Foundation: Murakami Farm Co., Ltd.
{"title":"Effects of sulforaphane glucosinolates from broccoli seed extract on the immune system of healthy Japanese adults","authors":"Naoyuki Kouno, N. Suzuki, T. Takara","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v13i6.1089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v13i6.1089","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sulforaphane glucosinolate (SGS) from broccoli seed extracts on immune function and common cold symptoms in healthy Japanese adults.Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group comparison study was conducted on Japanese adults who had worse health-related quality of life on the SF-8 and were more likely to catch colds from October 22, 2020 to April 2, 2021.Individuals who agreed to participate in the study were randomly assigned to either the SGS 100 mg/day group or the placebo group (n = 33 each). The intervention lasted 8 weeks. The outcomes of this study were the cumulative and the maximum number of days for which common cold symptoms persisted during the intervention period per subject (primary), and the frequency with which subjects experienced these symptoms per group (secondary). Additionally, the incidence rate of subjects infected with the influenza virus, immune indices, and SF-8 were assessed.Results: Based on a per protocol set, 64 subjects (33 in the SGS group and 31 in the placebo group) were analyzed. After the 8-week interventional period, the cumulative number of days for which common cold symptoms per subject was significantly lower for the SGS group than the placebo group (12.1 ± 13.5 for the SGS group and 20.2 ± 18.2 for the placebo group). The cumulative number of days of common cold symptoms per group was also significantly lower in the SGS group than in the placebo group (400 days in the SGS group and 626 days in the placebo group). No changes attributable to the SGS intervention were observed in the other outcomes. There were no adverse events due to food ingestion.Conclusion: A period of 8 weeks of SGS intake was shown to alleviate the onset of common cold symptoms in healthy Japanese adults who were prone to catching colds and had a low subjective sense of wellness.Keywords: Broccoli, sulforaphane, glucoraphanin, cold symptoms, immunityTrial registration: UMIN-CTR: UMIN000042195.Foundation: Murakami Farm Co., Ltd.","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48336847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.31989/ffhd.v13i5.1103
Hrachya Tspnetyan, Elya S. Pepoyan, A. Pepoyan, Syuzanna Abrahamyan
Background: Functional food is becoming more and more important for professionals and also for consumers. On the other hand, it is known that the main factors affecting the sale of agricultural products are the general market dynamics, legislation, product range, seasonal sales dynamics, competitors, pricing, buyers and distribution channels. What’s also important is the profile of the company's personnel and the work of personnel in the market, advertising related to the quality of the product, which in recent times is especially based on the "natural" origin and functional value of the product․ Objective: The aim of the current study is to quantify the factors influencing the level of potato marketability through econometric analysis in Armenia. One of the objectives was also to observe whether the population appreciates the functional value of potatoes, which may affect future marketability and yield of potatoes. Methods:Quantitative assessment of the factors influencing the level of potato marketability was carried out with a number of indicators: the yield of the sowing area, the gross harvest and the volume of export and import. Observations were carried out during 10 years (2009 - 2018). A seven-item questionnaire was developed to explore consumer preferences for purchasing potatoes. Results:The level of marketability of potatoes had an increasing trend with the certain fluctuations (years: 2010, 2014, 2016 and 2018). The data on the correlation coefficients on the factors influencing the level of potato marketability indicated that the relationship between the marketability level and potato planting area is inverse to the average level (ryx1 = - 0.615). The correlation between the level of commerciality and yield is direct in the lower middle range (ryx2 = 0.461). The latter shows that increasing the level of yield contributes to the level of marketability. The effects of gross harvest, export and import volumes have a negative impact on the level of commoditization, but the relationship is extremely weak with ryx3 = - 0.214 and ryx4 = - 0.0532 and ryx5 = - 0.105. Interview studies show that factors affecting potato marketability and productivity are subject to change. Conclusion: The increase in metabolic/non-communicable diseases, increased consumer awareness of these diseases and their prevention, as well as developments in organic agriculture and functional food production require changes in economic research and calculations, also related to functional foods. Keywords: potato, market, marketability, organic agriculture, functional food
{"title":"Marketability level of potato in Armenia: potato functional properties","authors":"Hrachya Tspnetyan, Elya S. Pepoyan, A. Pepoyan, Syuzanna Abrahamyan","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v13i5.1103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v13i5.1103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Functional food is becoming more and more important for professionals and also for consumers. On the other hand, it is known that the main factors affecting the sale of agricultural products are the general market dynamics, legislation, product range, seasonal sales dynamics, competitors, pricing, buyers and distribution channels. What’s also important is the profile of the company's personnel and the work of personnel in the market, advertising related to the quality of the product, which in recent times is especially based on the \"natural\" origin and functional value of the product․ Objective: The aim of the current study is to quantify the factors influencing the level of potato marketability through econometric analysis in Armenia. One of the objectives was also to observe whether the population appreciates the functional value of potatoes, which may affect future marketability and yield of potatoes. Methods:Quantitative assessment of the factors influencing the level of potato marketability was carried out with a number of indicators: the yield of the sowing area, the gross harvest and the volume of export and import. Observations were carried out during 10 years (2009 - 2018). A seven-item questionnaire was developed to explore consumer preferences for purchasing potatoes. Results:The level of marketability of potatoes had an increasing trend with the certain fluctuations (years: 2010, 2014, 2016 and 2018). The data on the correlation coefficients on the factors influencing the level of potato marketability indicated that the relationship between the marketability level and potato planting area is inverse to the average level (ryx1 = - 0.615). The correlation between the level of commerciality and yield is direct in the lower middle range (ryx2 = 0.461). The latter shows that increasing the level of yield contributes to the level of marketability. The effects of gross harvest, export and import volumes have a negative impact on the level of commoditization, but the relationship is extremely weak with ryx3 = - 0.214 and ryx4 = - 0.0532 and ryx5 = - 0.105. Interview studies show that factors affecting potato marketability and productivity are subject to change. Conclusion: The increase in metabolic/non-communicable diseases, increased consumer awareness of these diseases and their prevention, as well as developments in organic agriculture and functional food production require changes in economic research and calculations, also related to functional foods. Keywords: potato, market, marketability, organic agriculture, functional food","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43126812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.31989/ffhd.v13i5.1102
P. Steichen, K. Gruber, B. Hippe, A. Haslberger
Dietary spermidine is emerging as a substance with promising health-promoting and healthy ageing-promoting properties. Its autophagy-inducing potential has been especially well-documented. This process is suspected to be at the root of the life-prolonging effects of fasting and in-vivo spermidine supplementation. In humans, high dietary spermidine intake is associated with a lifespan increase of 5.7 years. Numerous studies provide indications of its effects on the cardiovascular, nervous, and immune systems as well as on the formation and development of tumors. Nevertheless, no health claims are currently authorized in the EU for spermidine or spermidine-rich functional foods. When ingested through food or dietary supplements, dosage appears to play an important role in replicating the favorable effects. Currently, there are ongoing proceedings regarding the novelty of a certain manufacturing process of spermidine supplements, but many other plant extracts with high spermidine content from different sources are marketed without the need for novel food authorization. This article discusses the varying test results obtained for the spermidine concentration of popular spermidine supplements. Soybean extract seems to be slightly superior in terms of spermidine concentration, but one wheat germ-based product stood out in this analysis due to a 10 times higher spermidine concentration than comparable products.Keywords: spermidine, food supplements, novel food, botanicals, functional foods, autophagy, spermidine-rich wheat germ extract
{"title":"Spermidine content of selected dietary supplements: potential for improvement?","authors":"P. Steichen, K. Gruber, B. Hippe, A. Haslberger","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v13i5.1102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v13i5.1102","url":null,"abstract":"Dietary spermidine is emerging as a substance with promising health-promoting and healthy ageing-promoting properties. Its autophagy-inducing potential has been especially well-documented. This process is suspected to be at the root of the life-prolonging effects of fasting and in-vivo spermidine supplementation. In humans, high dietary spermidine intake is associated with a lifespan increase of 5.7 years. Numerous studies provide indications of its effects on the cardiovascular, nervous, and immune systems as well as on the formation and development of tumors. Nevertheless, no health claims are currently authorized in the EU for spermidine or spermidine-rich functional foods. When ingested through food or dietary supplements, dosage appears to play an important role in replicating the favorable effects. Currently, there are ongoing proceedings regarding the novelty of a certain manufacturing process of spermidine supplements, but many other plant extracts with high spermidine content from different sources are marketed without the need for novel food authorization. This article discusses the varying test results obtained for the spermidine concentration of popular spermidine supplements. Soybean extract seems to be slightly superior in terms of spermidine concentration, but one wheat germ-based product stood out in this analysis due to a 10 times higher spermidine concentration than comparable products.Keywords: spermidine, food supplements, novel food, botanicals, functional foods, autophagy, spermidine-rich wheat germ extract ","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44291229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-03DOI: 10.31989/ffhd.v13i5.1099
D. Risso, Ieva Laurie, E. Sarkkinen, K. Karnik
Background & Aims. Polydextrose (PDX) (8-30g/day) has been reported to increase faecal bulk and consistency, leading to easier stool passage. However, studies on its effect on defaecation frequency and colonic transit time have provided mixed results, and most focused on either healthy or highly constipated adults, leaving the question on if and how PDX could also aid mildly constipated individuals partially unanswered.Methods. We investigated the effects of PDX consumption by healthy subjects experiencing one or more symptoms of mild constipation on faecal bulk, defaecation frequency, stool consistency, ease of stool passage, and total colonic transit time to further characterize and generate additional evidence regarding the potential beneficial effects of this fibre. 51 subjects participated in a 4-week, two-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study testing a control (CON) and a PDX treatment (18 g/d included in biscuits and drink mixtures) (registered on clinicaltrials.gov with the identifier" NCT05309837").Results. Consumption of PDX resulted in 120.7 g and 25.7 g higher faecal wet and dry weight, respectively (p < 0.05). Colonic transit time was ~4 h shorter in the PDX group: although this difference did not reach significance (p > 0.05) as the study was underpowered to detect a statistical difference for this secondary outcome, this result still carries a physiological importance. Consumption of PDX was well-tolerated, with some PDX volunteers reporting more mild flatulence (p < 0.05).Conclusions. All in all, our study adds new evidence on how a moderate (18g) daily intake of PDX could increase faecal bulking and potentially shorten colonic transit time, making this ingredient a good candidate to be used to formulate, and reformulate, foods and beverages by replacing caloric carbohydrates with reduced caloric content, enriching food items easily consumed to enhance fibre intake and support bowel function.
{"title":"The effect of polydextrose on fecal bulk and bowel function in mildly constipated healthy adults: a double-blind, placebo controlled study","authors":"D. Risso, Ieva Laurie, E. Sarkkinen, K. Karnik","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v13i5.1099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v13i5.1099","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims. Polydextrose (PDX) (8-30g/day) has been reported to increase faecal bulk and consistency, leading to easier stool passage. However, studies on its effect on defaecation frequency and colonic transit time have provided mixed results, and most focused on either healthy or highly constipated adults, leaving the question on if and how PDX could also aid mildly constipated individuals partially unanswered.Methods. We investigated the effects of PDX consumption by healthy subjects experiencing one or more symptoms of mild constipation on faecal bulk, defaecation frequency, stool consistency, ease of stool passage, and total colonic transit time to further characterize and generate additional evidence regarding the potential beneficial effects of this fibre. 51 subjects participated in a 4-week, two-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study testing a control (CON) and a PDX treatment (18 g/d included in biscuits and drink mixtures) (registered on clinicaltrials.gov with the identifier\" NCT05309837\").Results. Consumption of PDX resulted in 120.7 g and 25.7 g higher faecal wet and dry weight, respectively (p < 0.05). Colonic transit time was ~4 h shorter in the PDX group: although this difference did not reach significance (p > 0.05) as the study was underpowered to detect a statistical difference for this secondary outcome, this result still carries a physiological importance. Consumption of PDX was well-tolerated, with some PDX volunteers reporting more mild flatulence (p < 0.05).Conclusions. All in all, our study adds new evidence on how a moderate (18g) daily intake of PDX could increase faecal bulking and potentially shorten colonic transit time, making this ingredient a good candidate to be used to formulate, and reformulate, foods and beverages by replacing caloric carbohydrates with reduced caloric content, enriching food items easily consumed to enhance fibre intake and support bowel function.","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49162849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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