Background: Viruses significantly affect global health. The few available viricidal and antiviral therapies are expensive and often associated with unwanted side effects. Functional foods as plant extracts (nutraceuticals) are epigenetically active, and multi-target antiviral compounds that affect several steps of the viral life cycle and host proteins. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally regulate host and viral gene expression and are responsible for the fine-tuning of gene expression by controlling the expression of their target messenger RNAs (mRNA) in host cells and viruses. Several plant ingredients have been proven to be active against RNA virus infections. Obviously, miRNAs play a central role in the regulation of gene transcription in viral replication and host immune defense. A healthy diet and nutraceuticals can support the fine-tuning of miRNAs. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of epigenetic active phytoceuticals and/or functional foods on immune relevant miRNAs and mRNAs in a healthy human study population. Methods: In a 2-month human intervention study (n=80), a mix of plant extracts (sage extract, green tea extract, berberine, apple extract, onion extract, elderberry extract, and grape skin extract) with proven activity against RNA viruses were examined for the change of miRNA and mRNA patterns involved in virus response systems. Lifestyle and nutritional behavior, including self-reported stress levels, as well as infection frequency as potential cofounders have been raised. Results: The intervention with secondary plant extracts could modulate the expression of miRNAs involved in the virus defense (miR-30e, miR-877, miR-150) and the expression of NF-κB. The intervention also increased miRNA expression patterns associated with a positive lifestyle. The intervention adapted miRNAs that correlate with an increased risk of infection, smoking, stress, and processed meat products.Conclusion: Plant extracts can enhance the beneficial effects of a healthy nutrition and lifestyle by modulating miRNAs. MiRNAs are promising drug targets for maintaining immune homeostasis.Keywords: antiviral, epigenetic active nutraceutical, miRNA, secondary plant extracts, virus response, plant ingredients, functional foods
{"title":"Epigenetic active phytoceuticals activate immune relevant miRNAs important in virus response systems","authors":"A. Haslberger","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v12i8.950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v12i8.950","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Viruses significantly affect global health. The few available viricidal and antiviral therapies are expensive and often associated with unwanted side effects. Functional foods as plant extracts (nutraceuticals) are epigenetically active, and multi-target antiviral compounds that affect several steps of the viral life cycle and host proteins. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally regulate host and viral gene expression and are responsible for the fine-tuning of gene expression by controlling the expression of their target messenger RNAs (mRNA) in host cells and viruses. Several plant ingredients have been proven to be active against RNA virus infections. Obviously, miRNAs play a central role in the regulation of gene transcription in viral replication and host immune defense. A healthy diet and nutraceuticals can support the fine-tuning of miRNAs. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of epigenetic active phytoceuticals and/or functional foods on immune relevant miRNAs and mRNAs in a healthy human study population. Methods: In a 2-month human intervention study (n=80), a mix of plant extracts (sage extract, green tea extract, berberine, apple extract, onion extract, elderberry extract, and grape skin extract) with proven activity against RNA viruses were examined for the change of miRNA and mRNA patterns involved in virus response systems. Lifestyle and nutritional behavior, including self-reported stress levels, as well as infection frequency as potential cofounders have been raised. Results: The intervention with secondary plant extracts could modulate the expression of miRNAs involved in the virus defense (miR-30e, miR-877, miR-150) and the expression of NF-κB. The intervention also increased miRNA expression patterns associated with a positive lifestyle. The intervention adapted miRNAs that correlate with an increased risk of infection, smoking, stress, and processed meat products.Conclusion: Plant extracts can enhance the beneficial effects of a healthy nutrition and lifestyle by modulating miRNAs. MiRNAs are promising drug targets for maintaining immune homeostasis.Keywords: antiviral, epigenetic active nutraceutical, miRNA, secondary plant extracts, virus response, plant ingredients, functional foods ","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41952720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mareeya Madtohsoh, Preeyabhorn Detarun, S. Wichienchot
Background: In Thailand, cow milk allergies are the leading food allergy in infants. Rice protein is one of the hypoallergenic food ingredients used as an alternative plant-based protein in nutritional products. Sangyod rice (Oryza sativa, L., var. indica), found in southern Thailand, has been reported to contain a high content of nutrients. Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO) are accepted as prebiotics and are applicable as food ingredients to enhance the physiochemical quality of foods as a sweetener, and can also have physiological functions including the enhancement of gut microflora. The supplementation of formulas with prebiotics will support a mature immune system and intestinal colonization of infants. Objectives: This research aimed to develop Sangyod rice protein-based infant formula for cow milk allergic infants, evaluated its nutritional composition, sensory, and anti-allergenic activity, and investigated the effects of the formula on gut microbiota modulation. Materials and methods: The development of infant formula based on Sangyod rice protein and fortified with IMO from Sangyod rice flour was studied on nutrition composition, microbiology, anti-allergenic activity, and effect on gut microbiota. These properties reflect quality and safety to meet requirements of infant and follow-up formula.Results:The energy of Sangyod rice-protein-based formula was 67 kcal per 100 ml. The results indicated that the formula met the requirements of macronutrients providing 3.03 g of protein, 4.37 g of fat, and 13.26 g of carbohydrate, and passed on total bacteria contamination. Surprisingly, the developed formulas showed higher results in an anti-allergenic activity test (86.98±5.49%) by inhibition on the release of β-hexosaminidase enzyme in RBL-2H3 cells compared to a commercial hypoallergenic formula. The addition of prebiotic (IMO) significantly increased populations of Lactobacillus (10.7 log cell/ml) within 24 hours (p<0.05) compared with commercial product. This result affected the production of shot chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by increasing the amount of acetic acid and propionic acid but had no effect on lactic acid and butyric acid production. This result may have a beneficial effect on the immune system and hopefully can help to prevent or decrease risk of cow milk allergy. The sensory evaluation of Sangyod rice protein-based formula showed the highest scores in test (6.34±1.39), odor (6.74±1.15), and overall acceptability (6.52±1.26), but had no significant differences (p<0.05) compared to commercial hypoallergenic formula.Conclusion: The Sangyod rice protein-based formula can compete and was acceptable for the hypoallergenic formula and would be an option for substituting cow milk in the treatment of cow milk protein allergy. However, this study is the first step to develop the hypoallergenic formula and still needs the preclinical testing and clinical study in the future to claim as a hypoallergenic formula. Keywords: Sangyod rice, Infant fo
{"title":"Development Sangyod rice protein-based formula for cow milk allergic infant and its gut microbiota modulation","authors":"Mareeya Madtohsoh, Preeyabhorn Detarun, S. Wichienchot","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v12i7.943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v12i7.943","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Thailand, cow milk allergies are the leading food allergy in infants. Rice protein is one of the hypoallergenic food ingredients used as an alternative plant-based protein in nutritional products. Sangyod rice (Oryza sativa, L., var. indica), found in southern Thailand, has been reported to contain a high content of nutrients. Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO) are accepted as prebiotics and are applicable as food ingredients to enhance the physiochemical quality of foods as a sweetener, and can also have physiological functions including the enhancement of gut microflora. The supplementation of formulas with prebiotics will support a mature immune system and intestinal colonization of infants. Objectives: This research aimed to develop Sangyod rice protein-based infant formula for cow milk allergic infants, evaluated its nutritional composition, sensory, and anti-allergenic activity, and investigated the effects of the formula on gut microbiota modulation. Materials and methods: The development of infant formula based on Sangyod rice protein and fortified with IMO from Sangyod rice flour was studied on nutrition composition, microbiology, anti-allergenic activity, and effect on gut microbiota. These properties reflect quality and safety to meet requirements of infant and follow-up formula.Results:The energy of Sangyod rice-protein-based formula was 67 kcal per 100 ml. The results indicated that the formula met the requirements of macronutrients providing 3.03 g of protein, 4.37 g of fat, and 13.26 g of carbohydrate, and passed on total bacteria contamination. Surprisingly, the developed formulas showed higher results in an anti-allergenic activity test (86.98±5.49%) by inhibition on the release of β-hexosaminidase enzyme in RBL-2H3 cells compared to a commercial hypoallergenic formula. The addition of prebiotic (IMO) significantly increased populations of Lactobacillus (10.7 log cell/ml) within 24 hours (p<0.05) compared with commercial product. This result affected the production of shot chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by increasing the amount of acetic acid and propionic acid but had no effect on lactic acid and butyric acid production. This result may have a beneficial effect on the immune system and hopefully can help to prevent or decrease risk of cow milk allergy. The sensory evaluation of Sangyod rice protein-based formula showed the highest scores in test (6.34±1.39), odor (6.74±1.15), and overall acceptability (6.52±1.26), but had no significant differences (p<0.05) compared to commercial hypoallergenic formula.Conclusion: The Sangyod rice protein-based formula can compete and was acceptable for the hypoallergenic formula and would be an option for substituting cow milk in the treatment of cow milk protein allergy. However, this study is the first step to develop the hypoallergenic formula and still needs the preclinical testing and clinical study in the future to claim as a hypoallergenic formula. Keywords: Sangyod rice, Infant fo","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42962395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Peng, Xiao-Yu Teng, Tianyu Liu, Yuhan Li, Jiayi Ni, Siliang Xue, Juan Wang
Objective: We conducted this study to explore the effect of oral probiotic supplementation on hair density as a primary outcome in subjects with hair loss and at high risk of metabolic syndrome. The secondary objectives were to assess probiotic effects on skin barrier function,metabolic health and stress responses.Methods: We supplemented the diets of Chinese adults presenting with hair loss and high risk of metabolic syndrome (n = 26, male gender 38.5%, age = 33.6 ± 4.5 years) with a multi-strain probiotic formula at a dosage of 18.1 billion colony forming units (CFU) twice daily for 12 weeks. We compared the hair density, hair loss, anthropometrics measures, blood biochemistry markers, skin biophysical characteristics and stress-associated responses between baseline and the end of the trial.Results: After 12 weeks of probiotic supplementation, 96.2% of the study participants had improvement in hair density (median density level increased: 1; interquartile range: 1-2). Participants reported reduced hair loss both quantitatively and qualitatively. The majority (73.1%) of the participants reported apparent relief of scalp itching. Stratum corneum hydration and pH increased, while transepidermal water loss and sebum decreased on both scalp and facial skin. Body weight and body mass index decreased following probiotic consumption. Most components of glucose metabolism and the lipid profile were significantly better, with increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reductions in glucose, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance, total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Inflammation and oxidative stress markers improved with increases in interferon-γ and superoxide dismutase, and reductions in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-31 and malondialdehyde. No changes were observed in glycated hemoglobin, insulin, immunoglobulin E and interleukin-10 levels. Besides, perceived stress relieved in participants accompanied with improved sleep quality as well as better overall perception of life quality and health.Conclusion: Twice-daily supplementation with the test probiotic formula over a 12-weeks period may exert profound beneficial effects on hair growth, skin condition, glucose and lipid metabolism, and stress-associated psychological and physiological responses in participants presenting with hair loss and high risk of metabolic syndrome. This study has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100050498).Keywords: hair density, hair loss, metabolic syndrome, oral probiotic supplementation
{"title":"Effect of an oral probiotic formula on scalp and facial skin condition, glucose, and lipid metabolism","authors":"Yu Peng, Xiao-Yu Teng, Tianyu Liu, Yuhan Li, Jiayi Ni, Siliang Xue, Juan Wang","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v12i7.944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v12i7.944","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: We conducted this study to explore the effect of oral probiotic supplementation on hair density as a primary outcome in subjects with hair loss and at high risk of metabolic syndrome. The secondary objectives were to assess probiotic effects on skin barrier function,metabolic health and stress responses.Methods: We supplemented the diets of Chinese adults presenting with hair loss and high risk of metabolic syndrome (n = 26, male gender 38.5%, age = 33.6 ± 4.5 years) with a multi-strain probiotic formula at a dosage of 18.1 billion colony forming units (CFU) twice daily for 12 weeks. We compared the hair density, hair loss, anthropometrics measures, blood biochemistry markers, skin biophysical characteristics and stress-associated responses between baseline and the end of the trial.Results: After 12 weeks of probiotic supplementation, 96.2% of the study participants had improvement in hair density (median density level increased: 1; interquartile range: 1-2). Participants reported reduced hair loss both quantitatively and qualitatively. The majority (73.1%) of the participants reported apparent relief of scalp itching. Stratum corneum hydration and pH increased, while transepidermal water loss and sebum decreased on both scalp and facial skin. Body weight and body mass index decreased following probiotic consumption. Most components of glucose metabolism and the lipid profile were significantly better, with increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reductions in glucose, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance, total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Inflammation and oxidative stress markers improved with increases in interferon-γ and superoxide dismutase, and reductions in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-31 and malondialdehyde. No changes were observed in glycated hemoglobin, insulin, immunoglobulin E and interleukin-10 levels. Besides, perceived stress relieved in participants accompanied with improved sleep quality as well as better overall perception of life quality and health.Conclusion: Twice-daily supplementation with the test probiotic formula over a 12-weeks period may exert profound beneficial effects on hair growth, skin condition, glucose and lipid metabolism, and stress-associated psychological and physiological responses in participants presenting with hair loss and high risk of metabolic syndrome. This study has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100050498).Keywords: hair density, hair loss, metabolic syndrome, oral probiotic supplementation","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42949929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Excessive accumulation of fat in the liver is a common clinical presentation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The increasing prevalence of NAFLD is a growing health problem worldwide. The major risk factors of NAFLD include obesity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance.Objective: The aim of the present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of an herbal composition CL16049F1 in reducing fatty liver conditions and improving liver function in non-alcoholic, overweight individuals. CL16049F1 is a proprietary blend of Sphaeranthus indicus flower head and Terminalia chebula fruit extracts.Materials and Methods: Ninety male and female subjects (age: 25-60 yrs., BMI: 23-29 kg/m2) with elevated Fatty Liver Index (FLI) between 31 and 59 were randomized into three groups (n=30). The participants received a daily dose of 300mg CL16049F1, 320 mg Silymarin, or a placebo over a period of 84 consecutive days. FLI was evaluated as the primary efficacy measure. The secondary efficacy measures included the liver enzymes, lipid profile, and oxidative stress markers in serum, A 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) score were also evaluated. The clinical biochemistry, hematology, urine, and vital signs were evaluated as safety measures. Adverse events were also monitored.Results: Eighty-eight subjects completed the study. Post-trial, the FLI score of CL16049F1-supplemented subjects was reduced by 13.81% (p<0.05) and 16.08% (p<0.05), while the Silymarin supplemented group exhibited reductions of 7.50% (p<0.05) and 7.27% (p<0.05) as compared to baseline and placebo, respectively. CL16049F1 supplementation significantly improved the liver enzymes, lipid profile, and oxidative markers in serum. The changes in the secondary efficacy measures in these treatment groups are comparable. No major adverse events were observed.Conclusion: CL16049F1 is a well-tolerated and effective herbal formulation to reduce fatty liver and improve liver function in non-alcoholic, overweight subjects.Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Fatty liver index, CL16049F1, hepatoprotective botanical formulation.
{"title":"A blend of Sphaeranthus indicus flower head and Terminalia chebula fruit extracts reduces fatty liver and improves liver function in non-alcoholic, overweight adults","authors":"Vamsi Krishna Pothula Rajendra, Sridhar Kurapati, Sai Krishna Balineni, Naga Tejaswi Tejaswi Gogineni","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v12i7.958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v12i7.958","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Excessive accumulation of fat in the liver is a common clinical presentation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The increasing prevalence of NAFLD is a growing health problem worldwide. The major risk factors of NAFLD include obesity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance.Objective: The aim of the present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of an herbal composition CL16049F1 in reducing fatty liver conditions and improving liver function in non-alcoholic, overweight individuals. CL16049F1 is a proprietary blend of Sphaeranthus indicus flower head and Terminalia chebula fruit extracts.Materials and Methods: Ninety male and female subjects (age: 25-60 yrs., BMI: 23-29 kg/m2) with elevated Fatty Liver Index (FLI) between 31 and 59 were randomized into three groups (n=30). The participants received a daily dose of 300mg CL16049F1, 320 mg Silymarin, or a placebo over a period of 84 consecutive days. FLI was evaluated as the primary efficacy measure. The secondary efficacy measures included the liver enzymes, lipid profile, and oxidative stress markers in serum, A 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) score were also evaluated. The clinical biochemistry, hematology, urine, and vital signs were evaluated as safety measures. Adverse events were also monitored.Results: Eighty-eight subjects completed the study. Post-trial, the FLI score of CL16049F1-supplemented subjects was reduced by 13.81% (p<0.05) and 16.08% (p<0.05), while the Silymarin supplemented group exhibited reductions of 7.50% (p<0.05) and 7.27% (p<0.05) as compared to baseline and placebo, respectively. CL16049F1 supplementation significantly improved the liver enzymes, lipid profile, and oxidative markers in serum. The changes in the secondary efficacy measures in these treatment groups are comparable. No major adverse events were observed.Conclusion: CL16049F1 is a well-tolerated and effective herbal formulation to reduce fatty liver and improve liver function in non-alcoholic, overweight subjects.Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Fatty liver index, CL16049F1, hepatoprotective botanical formulation. ","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41672522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The rate of protein digestion and amino acid (AA) absorption determines the postprandial rise in circulating AA and modulates postprandial muscle protein synthesis (MPS) rates. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider the timing of protein ingestion, along with its quantity and quality, to regulate the blood AA concentration. Chicken breasts are a popular food among athletes as they are a good source of animal protein, containing sufficient essential amino acids (EAAs) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Low-molecular-weight chicken peptides (Cpep), a novel protein supplement, were isolated from chicken breasts. Blood AA dynamics, which have a significant influence on MPS rates, were observed and compared with commercially available whey- and soy-derived protein supplements.Objectives: We evaluated blood AA dynamics after Cpep intake compared with whey protein (WP), and soy protein (SP).Methods: Three groups of six healthy adult men volunteers (age 39 ± 10 years) ingested 0.3 g/kg (protein/body weight) of Cpep, WP, and SP. The concentrations of AA in the plasma were measured before and after the ingestion period and their kinetics were compared.Results: Cpep comprises free amino acids or peptides, and their average molecular weights are lower than those of WP and SP. The absorption dynamics of AA in the plasma were evaluated. After Cpep intake, EAA and BCAA concentrations peaked at 30 min and levels of EAA and BCAA were higher than those after WP and SP ingestion at 15 and 30 min, respectively. Conversely, the levels of total AA, EAA, and BCAA decreased 45 min after Cpep intake compared with WP and SP intakes. In contrast, WP and SP showed similar blood AA dynamics with a peak at 60 min.Conclusions: Cpep is absorbed significantly faster than WP and SP, making it a useful option for efficient protein intake to maintain and increase muscle mass.Keywords: chicken-derived peptides, blood amino acid dynamics, branched-chain amino acid, muscle protein synthesis
{"title":"Blood amino acid dynamics after ingestion of chicken-derived peptides in healthy subjects","authors":"Hang Guo, A. Yamamura, Mikako Sato","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v12i7.926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v12i7.926","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The rate of protein digestion and amino acid (AA) absorption determines the postprandial rise in circulating AA and modulates postprandial muscle protein synthesis (MPS) rates. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider the timing of protein ingestion, along with its quantity and quality, to regulate the blood AA concentration. Chicken breasts are a popular food among athletes as they are a good source of animal protein, containing sufficient essential amino acids (EAAs) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Low-molecular-weight chicken peptides (Cpep), a novel protein supplement, were isolated from chicken breasts. Blood AA dynamics, which have a significant influence on MPS rates, were observed and compared with commercially available whey- and soy-derived protein supplements.Objectives: We evaluated blood AA dynamics after Cpep intake compared with whey protein (WP), and soy protein (SP).Methods: Three groups of six healthy adult men volunteers (age 39 ± 10 years) ingested 0.3 g/kg (protein/body weight) of Cpep, WP, and SP. The concentrations of AA in the plasma were measured before and after the ingestion period and their kinetics were compared.Results: Cpep comprises free amino acids or peptides, and their average molecular weights are lower than those of WP and SP. The absorption dynamics of AA in the plasma were evaluated. After Cpep intake, EAA and BCAA concentrations peaked at 30 min and levels of EAA and BCAA were higher than those after WP and SP ingestion at 15 and 30 min, respectively. Conversely, the levels of total AA, EAA, and BCAA decreased 45 min after Cpep intake compared with WP and SP intakes. In contrast, WP and SP showed similar blood AA dynamics with a peak at 60 min.Conclusions: Cpep is absorbed significantly faster than WP and SP, making it a useful option for efficient protein intake to maintain and increase muscle mass.Keywords: chicken-derived peptides, blood amino acid dynamics, branched-chain amino acid, muscle protein synthesis","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49345401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manaras Komolkriengkrai, Rawipa Jangchart, Nichawadee Sandech, Uraporn Vongvatcharanon, W. Khimmaktong
Background: A high prevalence of atherosclerotic vascular lesions has been associated with renal disease and diabetes and is a major cause for increasing deaths from cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to determine the beneficial effects of gymnemic acids on the kidney microvasculature and to establish their anti-angiogenic properties that are related to the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein of segmental and interlobar arteries in induced diabetic rats. Methods: Rats were divided into five groups including the control group (C), control treated with gymnemic acid (CGM), diabetic animals (DM group) that were rendered diabetic by a single dose [60 mg/kg body weight (BW)] of a streptozotocin (STZ) injection, diabetic rats treated with gymnemic acid (400 mg/kg BW) (GM), and diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide (4 mg/kg BW) (GR). After 8 weeks, kidney tissues were collected for histological analysis. In rats with DM, the segmental arteries exhibited increased wall thickness. The kidney microvasculature was examined using the vascular corrosion casting method. Results: Rats with DM presented a decreasing diameter of segmental and interlobar arteries. They were evidently redeveloped and restored in the GM and GR groups. As determined by immunofluorescence, the expression of VEGF was significantly reduced in both the GM and GR groups. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that gymnemic acid from Gymnemasylvestre may be a promising medical herb for use in the treatment of diabetes and kidney disease.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, segmental artery, interlobar artery, gymnemic acid, vascular architecture
{"title":"Beneficial effects of gymnemic acid on three-dimensional vascular architecture and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor of intrarenal segmental and interlobar arteries in diabetic rat kidney","authors":"Manaras Komolkriengkrai, Rawipa Jangchart, Nichawadee Sandech, Uraporn Vongvatcharanon, W. Khimmaktong","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v12i6.930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v12i6.930","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A high prevalence of atherosclerotic vascular lesions has been associated with renal disease and diabetes and is a major cause for increasing deaths from cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to determine the beneficial effects of gymnemic acids on the kidney microvasculature and to establish their anti-angiogenic properties that are related to the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein of segmental and interlobar arteries in induced diabetic rats. Methods: Rats were divided into five groups including the control group (C), control treated with gymnemic acid (CGM), diabetic animals (DM group) that were rendered diabetic by a single dose [60 mg/kg body weight (BW)] of a streptozotocin (STZ) injection, diabetic rats treated with gymnemic acid (400 mg/kg BW) (GM), and diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide (4 mg/kg BW) (GR). After 8 weeks, kidney tissues were collected for histological analysis. In rats with DM, the segmental arteries exhibited increased wall thickness. The kidney microvasculature was examined using the vascular corrosion casting method. Results: Rats with DM presented a decreasing diameter of segmental and interlobar arteries. They were evidently redeveloped and restored in the GM and GR groups. As determined by immunofluorescence, the expression of VEGF was significantly reduced in both the GM and GR groups. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that gymnemic acid from Gymnemasylvestre may be a promising medical herb for use in the treatment of diabetes and kidney disease.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, segmental artery, interlobar artery, gymnemic acid, vascular architecture","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44758726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Shimazoe, Daisuke Kobayashi, T. Kawashiri, Takeshi Chijimatsu, Miki Umeki, S. Mochizuki
Background: The freshwater clam (Corbicula spp.) is a popular edible bivalve mollusk that is commonly eaten in East Asia. Freshwater clam extract (FCE) is known to have various effects. For example, it has anti-inflammatory effects and improves cholesterol metabolism. Often used as a folk remedy, FCE might be effective against liver disease and at ameliorating liver damage. These results indicate that FCE has preventative or ameliorating effects against steatosis and mild chronic liver damage. Additionally, FCE has a documented neuroprotective effect, potentially improving sleep quality. However, no clinical research into these topic areas have been carried out. Objective: No clinical research has been carried out concerning the action of FCE on liver function. In this study, we conducted a clinical trial involving healthy volunteers with relatively high liver test values to determine the influence of FCE on hepatic function. Moreover, no previous studies have described the effects of FCE on sleep. Thus, we also assessed sleep quality after FCE intake using the Oguri-Shirakawa-Azumi (OSA) sleep inventory middle-aged and aged (MA) version and a Likert scale in a randomized controlled clinical trial. Methods: We performed a prospective randomized controlled trial to assess safety and the effects of freshwater clam extract. Thirty four volunteers were analyzed. The subjects ingested 2 placebo softgels, 2 FCE-containing softgels, or 10 FCE-containing softgels. We tried to clarify 2 issues, safety in the liver and quality of sleep. An assessment of the safety of long-term and excessive FCE intake, especially its actions on hepatic function, was performed by administering 10 FCE-containing softgels (5 times the normal dose) to the subjects in the high FCE dose group for 18 weeks. A sleep evaluation comparing the placebo and normal FCE dose groups was also conducted. We conducted a double-blind parallel clinical trial to evaluate the effects of FCE on sleep quality over 12 weeks. The subjects were assigned to 3 groups (the placebo group, the normal FCE dose group, and the high FCE dose group). Results: Significant reductions in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) were observed at 12 and 18 weeks after the consumption of a high dose of FCE capsules. The subjects’ ferritin levels were significantly reduced after 18 weeks’ high-dose FCE intake. Moreover, the consumption of two FCE softgels (normal dose) for 12 weeks resulted in significant better quality in terms of both sleep onset and maintenance compared with that seen after the placebo treatment. FCE intake also resulted in a longer sleep duration than the placebo treatment. The same dose of FCE tended to reduce subjective fatigue. These results suggest that FCE is a safe supplemental food and increases sleep quality.Conclusions: These results suggest that FCE is a safe supplemental food and increases sleep quality.Keywor
{"title":"Safety and efficacy of dietary freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea) extract in clinical research","authors":"T. Shimazoe, Daisuke Kobayashi, T. Kawashiri, Takeshi Chijimatsu, Miki Umeki, S. Mochizuki","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v12i6.928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v12i6.928","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The freshwater clam (Corbicula spp.) is a popular edible bivalve mollusk that is commonly eaten in East Asia. Freshwater clam extract (FCE) is known to have various effects. For example, it has anti-inflammatory effects and improves cholesterol metabolism. Often used as a folk remedy, FCE might be effective against liver disease and at ameliorating liver damage. These results indicate that FCE has preventative or ameliorating effects against steatosis and mild chronic liver damage. Additionally, FCE has a documented neuroprotective effect, potentially improving sleep quality. However, no clinical research into these topic areas have been carried out. Objective: No clinical research has been carried out concerning the action of FCE on liver function. In this study, we conducted a clinical trial involving healthy volunteers with relatively high liver test values to determine the influence of FCE on hepatic function. Moreover, no previous studies have described the effects of FCE on sleep. Thus, we also assessed sleep quality after FCE intake using the Oguri-Shirakawa-Azumi (OSA) sleep inventory middle-aged and aged (MA) version and a Likert scale in a randomized controlled clinical trial. Methods: We performed a prospective randomized controlled trial to assess safety and the effects of freshwater clam extract. Thirty four volunteers were analyzed. The subjects ingested 2 placebo softgels, 2 FCE-containing softgels, or 10 FCE-containing softgels. We tried to clarify 2 issues, safety in the liver and quality of sleep. An assessment of the safety of long-term and excessive FCE intake, especially its actions on hepatic function, was performed by administering 10 FCE-containing softgels (5 times the normal dose) to the subjects in the high FCE dose group for 18 weeks. A sleep evaluation comparing the placebo and normal FCE dose groups was also conducted. We conducted a double-blind parallel clinical trial to evaluate the effects of FCE on sleep quality over 12 weeks. The subjects were assigned to 3 groups (the placebo group, the normal FCE dose group, and the high FCE dose group). Results: Significant reductions in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) were observed at 12 and 18 weeks after the consumption of a high dose of FCE capsules. The subjects’ ferritin levels were significantly reduced after 18 weeks’ high-dose FCE intake. Moreover, the consumption of two FCE softgels (normal dose) for 12 weeks resulted in significant better quality in terms of both sleep onset and maintenance compared with that seen after the placebo treatment. FCE intake also resulted in a longer sleep duration than the placebo treatment. The same dose of FCE tended to reduce subjective fatigue. These results suggest that FCE is a safe supplemental food and increases sleep quality.Conclusions: These results suggest that FCE is a safe supplemental food and increases sleep quality.Keywor","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41493574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preeyabhorn Detarun, Vatcharee Srichamnanturakit, S. Isaramalai, Thaparat Rakpanusit
Background: Low serum albumin levels are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in humans, particularly in older bed-ridden patients. Egg whites contains all the essential amino acids required, and it has many beneficial effects on the body. Supplementation with an egg white formula diet is expected to improve nutritional status and increase levels of serum albumin.Objective: This research aimed to investigate the effects of the egg white formula diet (EWFD) supplement on serum albumin levels in bed-ridden elderly patients with nasogastric tube feeding at home.Methods: The experiment was designed as a quasi-experimental study with one single-sample group in 25 bed-ridden elderly patients who are > 60 years old, and were purposefully selected from a district in a Province in Southern Thailand. The experiment was divided into 2 periods (the control and experimental). The control period covered the first 8 weeks where the caregivers provided the usual care and administered the commercial liquid formula to the bed-ridden elderly subjects. The experimental period covered the following 8 weeks, where the caregivers provided the usual care, commercial liquid formula, and EWFD supplementation. Demographic data was collected using a data assessment form. The effect of EWFD supplement on blood albumin levels in the bed-ridden elderly persons were measured at baseline (T0), control (T8), and experimental period (T16).Results: Serum albumin levels at T0 in subjects who received the usual care program was an average of 3.46±0.35 g/dL. The average serum albumin level at the control period (T8) was 3.56±0.44 g/dL, while after the experiment (feeding including egg white for 8 weeks) was 3.72±0.45 g/dL. The serum albumin levels significantly increased compared to the control and experimental periods (p= 0.042) Conclusion: Enhancing nutritional care through egg white supplementation improved the serum albumin levels in bed-ridden elderly patients at home. It is therefore recommended that the longitudinal study design should be implemented to monitor and maintain the serum albumin, which consequently promotes the patients’ nutritional status. Keywords: nutritional status; bed-ridden elderly; nasogastric tube feeding; bed-ridden; egg white; serum albumin; muscle mass
{"title":"Enhancing nutritional care with egg white supplementation on serum albumin level for home-based bed-ridden elderly patients","authors":"Preeyabhorn Detarun, Vatcharee Srichamnanturakit, S. Isaramalai, Thaparat Rakpanusit","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v12i6.932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v12i6.932","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Low serum albumin levels are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in humans, particularly in older bed-ridden patients. Egg whites contains all the essential amino acids required, and it has many beneficial effects on the body. Supplementation with an egg white formula diet is expected to improve nutritional status and increase levels of serum albumin.Objective: This research aimed to investigate the effects of the egg white formula diet (EWFD) supplement on serum albumin levels in bed-ridden elderly patients with nasogastric tube feeding at home.Methods: The experiment was designed as a quasi-experimental study with one single-sample group in 25 bed-ridden elderly patients who are > 60 years old, and were purposefully selected from a district in a Province in Southern Thailand. The experiment was divided into 2 periods (the control and experimental). The control period covered the first 8 weeks where the caregivers provided the usual care and administered the commercial liquid formula to the bed-ridden elderly subjects. The experimental period covered the following 8 weeks, where the caregivers provided the usual care, commercial liquid formula, and EWFD supplementation. Demographic data was collected using a data assessment form. The effect of EWFD supplement on blood albumin levels in the bed-ridden elderly persons were measured at baseline (T0), control (T8), and experimental period (T16).Results: Serum albumin levels at T0 in subjects who received the usual care program was an average of 3.46±0.35 g/dL. The average serum albumin level at the control period (T8) was 3.56±0.44 g/dL, while after the experiment (feeding including egg white for 8 weeks) was 3.72±0.45 g/dL. The serum albumin levels significantly increased compared to the control and experimental periods (p= 0.042) Conclusion: Enhancing nutritional care through egg white supplementation improved the serum albumin levels in bed-ridden elderly patients at home. It is therefore recommended that the longitudinal study design should be implemented to monitor and maintain the serum albumin, which consequently promotes the patients’ nutritional status. Keywords: nutritional status; bed-ridden elderly; nasogastric tube feeding; bed-ridden; egg white; serum albumin; muscle mass","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41490515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nameer Khairullah Mohammed, Qaswaa Yousif Jameel, Mohammed Abdullah Ajeel
Background: As alcohol consumption increases, ethanol impacts ulcers as a factor that causes stomach mucosal invasion, which leads to stomach ulcers. Alcohol damages the stomach through a number of processes, including increased gastric secretion, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and ethanol induces a variety of pathogenic events as it is associated with the formation of stomach ulcers.Objective: The goal of this study was to see if gum Arabic as a functional food could protect albino rats against ethanol-induced stomach damage.Materials and Methods: Six groups of 30 female albino rats were formed: normal control, ulcer control, omeprazole + ethanol, and groups 4, 5, and 6, which were given GA at 7.5, 12, 25 g/ kg/ day (bw), then lab rat were given 5 mL/kg /day (bw) ethanol orally for 30 days to cause stomach mucosal damage.Results: GA suppressed gastric inflammation by lowering TNF-α and IL-6 levels while increasing IL-10 levels. GA also improved HDL, total protein, albumin, and globulin levels while lowering cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-C, LDL-C, and phospholipids.Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that GA plays a protective role toward gastric mucosal injury in rats induced by ethanol, which in turn reduced the inflammatory response, and significantly reduced the hemorrhagic gastric lesions and the pH of the gastric contents. Keywords: Functional food, Alcoholic, polysaccharides, soluble fiber, tumor necrosis factor alpha, oxidative stress
{"title":"Nutritional and anti-gastro ulcerative role of the gum Arabic (Acacia senegal L.) compared to a reference drug","authors":"Nameer Khairullah Mohammed, Qaswaa Yousif Jameel, Mohammed Abdullah Ajeel","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v12i6.929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v12i6.929","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As alcohol consumption increases, ethanol impacts ulcers as a factor that causes stomach mucosal invasion, which leads to stomach ulcers. Alcohol damages the stomach through a number of processes, including increased gastric secretion, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and ethanol induces a variety of pathogenic events as it is associated with the formation of stomach ulcers.Objective: The goal of this study was to see if gum Arabic as a functional food could protect albino rats against ethanol-induced stomach damage.Materials and Methods: Six groups of 30 female albino rats were formed: normal control, ulcer control, omeprazole + ethanol, and groups 4, 5, and 6, which were given GA at 7.5, 12, 25 g/ kg/ day (bw), then lab rat were given 5 mL/kg /day (bw) ethanol orally for 30 days to cause stomach mucosal damage.Results: GA suppressed gastric inflammation by lowering TNF-α and IL-6 levels while increasing IL-10 levels. GA also improved HDL, total protein, albumin, and globulin levels while lowering cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-C, LDL-C, and phospholipids.Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that GA plays a protective role toward gastric mucosal injury in rats induced by ethanol, which in turn reduced the inflammatory response, and significantly reduced the hemorrhagic gastric lesions and the pH of the gastric contents. Keywords: Functional food, Alcoholic, polysaccharides, soluble fiber, tumor necrosis factor alpha, oxidative stress ","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41443401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guillermo E. Sánchez, G. H. Sullivan, L. R. Miller
Background: The nutritional composition of the bran layer of rice (RB), a globally available product of the rice milling process, has attracted attention as a nutraceutical food source. However, to capitalize on RB’s nutritional properties for humans, it is necessary to achieve a level of bioavailability that increases the efficacy needed to impact the nutritional well-being of lactating mothers and their breastfed infants. To accomplish this, a hydrolyzed enzymatic extract (RBEE) with increased protein, vitamin, carbohydrate, and antioxidant bioactivity has been developed.Objective: To determine the impact of RBEE on the nutritional status of lactating mothers (LM) and the growth of their exclusively breastfed (EBF) infants, living in food-insecure environments in rural Guatemala. Methods: A RBEE daily ration was consumed by post-puerperium LM for 4.5 months of the EBF period. The nutritional impact on LMs was determined by body mass index (BMI). Anemia prevalence and packed cell volume (PCV) were obtained via hematocrit (HCT). Infant growth was determined monthly following World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, including weight-for-length (WHZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ), BMI-for-age (BAZ) and head circumference-for-age (HCZ). Initial, midterm and final growth indicators were analyzed by Student t-test for independent samples. Results: While no significant differences were found between the initial and final BMI in LMs, anemia prevalence was significantly reduced from 12.1% to 4%. HCT results in LMs showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in PCV by the study’s end, from 40.55% to 41.42%. Following a student t-test analysis, infant growth indicators WHZ, WAZ and BAZ showed a highly significant (p<0.01) increase. A significant (p<0.05) improvement was detected in WAZ, while LAZ scores improved from -1.9 to -1.76.Conclusions: The dietary supplementation of lactating mothers with an RBEE during the EBF period significantly impacted the mother-infant dyad, with improved growth of the exclusively breastfed infants and a reduction in anemia prevalence in mothers. Further research will include the quantity and quality of the putative increased maternal milk synthesis. Keywords: rice bran, bioactive, bioavailability, enzyme-treated extract, functional food, infants, exclusive breastfeeding, lactating mothers, anemia, chronic, acute, malnutrition, Guatemala, growth, nutrition, children.
{"title":"Impact of an extract from the bran layer of rice on the nutrition of lactating mothers and growth of their exclusively breastfed infants: a longitudinal study","authors":"Guillermo E. Sánchez, G. H. Sullivan, L. R. Miller","doi":"10.31989/ffhd.v12i5.934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v12i5.934","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The nutritional composition of the bran layer of rice (RB), a globally available product of the rice milling process, has attracted attention as a nutraceutical food source. However, to capitalize on RB’s nutritional properties for humans, it is necessary to achieve a level of bioavailability that increases the efficacy needed to impact the nutritional well-being of lactating mothers and their breastfed infants. To accomplish this, a hydrolyzed enzymatic extract (RBEE) with increased protein, vitamin, carbohydrate, and antioxidant bioactivity has been developed.Objective: To determine the impact of RBEE on the nutritional status of lactating mothers (LM) and the growth of their exclusively breastfed (EBF) infants, living in food-insecure environments in rural Guatemala. Methods: A RBEE daily ration was consumed by post-puerperium LM for 4.5 months of the EBF period. The nutritional impact on LMs was determined by body mass index (BMI). Anemia prevalence and packed cell volume (PCV) were obtained via hematocrit (HCT). Infant growth was determined monthly following World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, including weight-for-length (WHZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ), BMI-for-age (BAZ) and head circumference-for-age (HCZ). Initial, midterm and final growth indicators were analyzed by Student t-test for independent samples. Results: While no significant differences were found between the initial and final BMI in LMs, anemia prevalence was significantly reduced from 12.1% to 4%. HCT results in LMs showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in PCV by the study’s end, from 40.55% to 41.42%. Following a student t-test analysis, infant growth indicators WHZ, WAZ and BAZ showed a highly significant (p<0.01) increase. A significant (p<0.05) improvement was detected in WAZ, while LAZ scores improved from -1.9 to -1.76.Conclusions: The dietary supplementation of lactating mothers with an RBEE during the EBF period significantly impacted the mother-infant dyad, with improved growth of the exclusively breastfed infants and a reduction in anemia prevalence in mothers. Further research will include the quantity and quality of the putative increased maternal milk synthesis. Keywords: rice bran, bioactive, bioavailability, enzyme-treated extract, functional food, infants, exclusive breastfeeding, lactating mothers, anemia, chronic, acute, malnutrition, Guatemala, growth, nutrition, children.","PeriodicalId":12623,"journal":{"name":"Functional Foods in Health and Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42789729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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