Yannick Tadakeng Djoufack, F. Meutchieye, Y. Manjeli
This study was carried out in the highlands zone, west region of Cameroon to evaluate the distribution and frequency of sheep qualitative traits. Four hundred and three (403) adult sheep were randomly sampled in the study area. The qualitative traits observed were the presence or not of toggles, beard, horns and the sheep coat color (white, black, white-black and white-brown). The main results showed that the traits observed were variable according to the locality and sex of the animal. The sheep from the Bamboutos Division have the highest toggles frequency (21.69%) compared to those of the Noun Division whose frequency was the lowest (11.67%). Toggles were present in both sexes with higher frequency of 18.18% in females compared to the males (9.47%). Beard was almost non-existent in the two localities as well as in the two sexes. Horns were present in sheep of all the investigated localities and in both sexes, with higher frequency in males (90.53%) compared to females (8.12%). The action of the gene responsible for the color of the coat was variable as far as any locality was concerned. The predominant color observed was white. The gene frequencies recorded for the presence of the toggles (Waw), beard (Brb) and horns (HoP) were 0.06%, 0.00% and 0.35%, respectively. These values were far below the expected Mendelian value of 0.75. These low frequencies observed would indicate that the sheep populations of the highlands of the west region of Cameroon were variegated without proper actions of artificial selection, opening ways for genetic improvement.
{"title":"Phenotypic and genetic differentiation of qualitative traits in sheep ecotype from Cameroon Western Highlands","authors":"Yannick Tadakeng Djoufack, F. Meutchieye, Y. Manjeli","doi":"10.46325/GABJ.V4I2.756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/GABJ.V4I2.756","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out in the highlands zone, west region of Cameroon to evaluate the distribution and frequency of sheep qualitative traits. Four hundred and three (403) adult sheep were randomly sampled in the study area. The qualitative traits observed were the presence or not of toggles, beard, horns and the sheep coat color (white, black, white-black and white-brown). The main results showed that the traits observed were variable according to the locality and sex of the animal. The sheep from the Bamboutos Division have the highest toggles frequency (21.69%) compared to those of the Noun Division whose frequency was the lowest (11.67%). Toggles were present in both sexes with higher frequency of 18.18% in females compared to the males (9.47%). Beard was almost non-existent in the two localities as well as in the two sexes. Horns were present in sheep of all the investigated localities and in both sexes, with higher frequency in males (90.53%) compared to females (8.12%). The action of the gene responsible for the color of the coat was variable as far as any locality was concerned. The predominant color observed was white. The gene frequencies recorded for the presence of the toggles (Waw), beard (Brb) and horns (HoP) were 0.06%, 0.00% and 0.35%, respectively. These values were far below the expected Mendelian value of 0.75. These low frequencies observed would indicate that the sheep populations of the highlands of the west region of Cameroon were variegated without proper actions of artificial selection, opening ways for genetic improvement.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74893955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ameur, Abdelhakim Barkaoui, Zahra Guermoudi,, Ikrame Mellouk, S. Gaouar
A study was conducted in the wilaya of Adrar in Algeria (a part of Sahara) to describe the phenotype and morphometric characteristics of local chickens. Six regions namely (part of the wilaya of Adrar) Tamentit, Zawyet Elkenta, Wlad Ahmed, Adrar city, Anezjmir and Founoghil were selected for data collection. A field survey was used to extract information from the farmers concerning production attributes of their local chickens. Measurements on body weight, tarsal length and width, high Length, thigh width, bill length, spout width, total length, breast width and eggs number per year were taken on 89 mature chickens (69 females and 20 males). The results obtained indicate that there exists significant variation between regions with respect to some production attributes as well as body weight and other body measurements. Fonoughil and Adrar city regions had the heaviest chickens (2.54kg-2.40kg respectively) while Zawyet Elkenta had the lightest birds (1.8kg). Overall, male chickens were higher than female birds with respects to all attributes studied. Body weight appeared to be highly positively correlated to some other body measurements considered in this study. The observed variation about the morphometric traits in the present study illustrate by the principal component analysis suggests that there are two groups, the first of which is represented by individuals from the Adar city region, in the other hand the second grouped all the rest of the 5 regions. There is need to pay particular attention to the Adrar city region chicken population for possible consideration for conservation and selection plan.
{"title":"Comparative study on morphometric traits of local chicken (gallus domesticus L.) in wilaya of Adrar","authors":"A. Ameur, Abdelhakim Barkaoui, Zahra Guermoudi,, Ikrame Mellouk, S. Gaouar","doi":"10.46325/GABJ.V4I2.759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/GABJ.V4I2.759","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted in the wilaya of Adrar in Algeria (a part of Sahara) to describe the phenotype and morphometric characteristics of local chickens. Six regions namely (part of the wilaya of Adrar) Tamentit, Zawyet Elkenta, Wlad Ahmed, Adrar city, Anezjmir and Founoghil were selected for data collection. A field survey was used to extract information from the farmers concerning production attributes of their local chickens. Measurements on body weight, tarsal length and width, high Length, thigh width, bill length, spout width, total length, breast width and eggs number per year were taken on 89 mature chickens (69 females and 20 males). The results obtained indicate that there exists significant variation between regions with respect to some production attributes as well as body weight and other body measurements. Fonoughil and Adrar city regions had the heaviest chickens (2.54kg-2.40kg respectively) while Zawyet Elkenta had the lightest birds (1.8kg). Overall, male chickens were higher than female birds with respects to all attributes studied. Body weight appeared to be highly positively correlated to some other body measurements considered in this study. The observed variation about the morphometric traits in the present study illustrate by the principal component analysis suggests that there are two groups, the first of which is represented by individuals from the Adar city region, in the other hand the second grouped all the rest of the 5 regions. There is need to pay particular attention to the Adrar city region chicken population for possible consideration for conservation and selection plan.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74426170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Development of a crop variety with high grain yield and stability in test locations is an important part of crop breeding program. Thirteen foxtail millet genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications in Jumla and Dolakha, Nepal from April to August in three consecutive years 2017, 2018, and 2019. The objective of this study was to analyze grain yield stability and adaptability of foxtail millet genotypes applying genotype main effect plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis. The results showed that grain yields were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the environment (E), genotype (G), and their interaction (G×E). The genotype HUMLA-163 had regression coefficient equal to unity (b=1.01), thus this genotype had average adaptation to all environments whereas HUMLA-213 (b=1.18) and HUMLA-252 (b=1.19) had regression coefficients greater than unity, thus these genotypes were more adapted to favorable environments. GGE biplot showed that HUMLA-163 was more stable and adaptive genotype. Thus, genotype HUMLA-163 is recommended for release as a variety to improve foxtail millet production in hilly region of Nepal.
{"title":"Yield stability and test location representativeness in foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] genotypes","authors":"M. Kandel, N. Dhami, T. R. Rijal, Jiban Shrestha","doi":"10.46325/GABJ.V4I2.753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/GABJ.V4I2.753","url":null,"abstract":"Development of a crop variety with high grain yield and stability in test locations is an important part of crop breeding program. Thirteen foxtail millet genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications in Jumla and Dolakha, Nepal from April to August in three consecutive years 2017, 2018, and 2019. The objective of this study was to analyze grain yield stability and adaptability of foxtail millet genotypes applying genotype main effect plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis. The results showed that grain yields were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the environment (E), genotype (G), and their interaction (G×E). The genotype HUMLA-163 had regression coefficient equal to unity (b=1.01), thus this genotype had average adaptation to all environments whereas HUMLA-213 (b=1.18) and HUMLA-252 (b=1.19) had regression coefficients greater than unity, thus these genotypes were more adapted to favorable environments. GGE biplot showed that HUMLA-163 was more stable and adaptive genotype. Thus, genotype HUMLA-163 is recommended for release as a variety to improve foxtail millet production in hilly region of Nepal.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82252888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Goat milk, whose production is starting to develop in Algeria in recent years, has a number of advantages that even allow it to substitute cow's milk. It is a source of health benefits for humans; it contains more vitamins with a significant cheese yield than cow's milk. Our present study aims to study physicochemical, microbiological and for the first time trials of a fresh cheese (Feta) made from locally selected goat's milk in the region of Tlemcen and its 10 regions namely: Ouled Mimoun, Terny, Sebdou, Ain El houte, Remchi, Bensakrane, Maghnia, Sabra, Nedroma and Zenata. 27 goats from the local population were used for this study. The physicochemical quality (fat, density, conductivity, defatted dry extract, temperature, protein, mineral salts and lactose) of the milk sampled was measured using a LACTOSCAN Milk-Analyzer. Four flora (total germ, fecal coliform, Staphylococcus aureus and salmonella) were chosen to test the microbiological quality of the milk. The results obtained show that the good physicochemical quality of milk studied in all regions except the two regions of Nedroma and Maghnia showing a high fat content. A total absence of contaminations for the three types of fecal coliform flora, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella nevertheless for the total germs are found in all sampled regions. These results show that healthy goats hence the good practice of milking is applied during sampling. The manufacture of cheese type feta based on goat's milk was made in good conditions (raw material, hygiene, mechanical work ...) which led to a cheese of microbiological quality and nutritional and an interesting yield. The good breeding condition with a balanced diet gives a good quality of the milk and consequences of these results give an excellent forming thanks to the professional techniques of manufacturing a good feta cheese.
羊奶的生产近年来在阿尔及利亚开始发展，它有许多优点，甚至可以代替牛奶。它是人类健康益处的来源;它含有比牛奶更多的维生素和显著的奶酪产量。我们目前的研究旨在研究特莱姆森地区及其10个地区(即:Ouled Mimoun, Terny, Sebdou, Ain El houte, Remchi, Bensakrane, Maghnia, Sabra, Nedroma和Zenata)的当地精选羊奶制成的新鲜奶酪(Feta)的理化，微生物学和首次试验。该研究使用了当地人口中的27只山羊。使用乳质分析仪测量所取样牛奶的理化品质(脂肪、密度、电导率、脱脂干提取物、温度、蛋白质、无机盐和乳糖)。选取总菌群、粪大肠菌群、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌4种菌群对牛奶进行微生物学质量检测。结果表明，除Nedroma和Maghnia两个地区外，所有地区的牛奶理化品质都很好，脂肪含量高。三种类型的粪便大肠菌群、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌完全没有污染，但在所有采样地区都发现了总细菌。这些结果表明，健康的山羊，因此，在抽样期间采用了良好的挤奶做法。在良好的条件下(原料、卫生、机械工作……)，以羊奶为基础生产奶酪型羊奶酪，这使得奶酪具有微生物质量和营养价值，产量也很可观。良好的饲养条件和均衡的饮食使牛奶质量良好，这些结果的结果是由于制造优质羊奶酪的专业技术而形成了优良的成型。
{"title":"General characteristics of goat milk cheese (Feta) in the region of Tlemcen, Algeria","authors":"Ikram Djebli, A. Ameur, S. Gaouar","doi":"10.46325/GABJ.V4I2.760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/GABJ.V4I2.760","url":null,"abstract":"Goat milk, whose production is starting to develop in Algeria in recent years, has a number of advantages that even allow it to substitute cow's milk. It is a source of health benefits for humans; it contains more vitamins with a significant cheese yield than cow's milk. Our present study aims to study physicochemical, microbiological and for the first time trials of a fresh cheese (Feta) made from locally selected goat's milk in the region of Tlemcen and its 10 regions namely: Ouled Mimoun, Terny, Sebdou, Ain El houte, Remchi, Bensakrane, Maghnia, Sabra, Nedroma and Zenata. 27 goats from the local population were used for this study. The physicochemical quality (fat, density, conductivity, defatted dry extract, temperature, protein, mineral salts and lactose) of the milk sampled was measured using a LACTOSCAN Milk-Analyzer. Four flora (total germ, fecal coliform, Staphylococcus aureus and salmonella) were chosen to test the microbiological quality of the milk. The results obtained show that the good physicochemical quality of milk studied in all regions except the two regions of Nedroma and Maghnia showing a high fat content. A total absence of contaminations for the three types of fecal coliform flora, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella nevertheless for the total germs are found in all sampled regions. These results show that healthy goats hence the good practice of milking is applied during sampling. The manufacture of cheese type feta based on goat's milk was made in good conditions (raw material, hygiene, mechanical work ...) which led to a cheese of microbiological quality and nutritional and an interesting yield. The good breeding condition with a balanced diet gives a good quality of the milk and consequences of these results give an excellent forming thanks to the professional techniques of manufacturing a good feta cheese.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81011874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jean Massawa, Francis Djiotsa Dongmo, F. Meutchieye
Family poultry is an easily accessible source of income and animal protein for low-income populations in developing countries. This study was designed to describe the production system of the guinea fowlin the north region of Cameroon. To achieve this objective, a structured questionnaire was submitted to 72 guinea fowl keepers selected randomly in 7 localities. It emerged that guinea fowl farming is mostly a male business (77.78%). The average flock size is between 5-10 adult animals and the main production objectivesare consumption and sales (69.44%). The flocks are constituted from natural incubations carried out by local hens (88.88%); egg production is seasonal and poor, and almost all incubated eggs come from local markets (84.5%), individual collection in the surrounding groves and domestic spawning. Guinea fowls are in a scavenging system (66.66%) and merely housed. Birds often benefit from few handfuls of cereals (corn seeds and millet) and home wastes. Keets’mortality rate is higher (80.55%) among those aged between 8 to12 days. Majority of guinea fowls’keepers (76%) do not practice any health monitoring. The technical and financial constraintsare the major challenges to the development of guinea fowl production. The organization of producers, the dissemination of appropriate technologies and support with enabling policies and private sectors would improve the overallproduction performance and thus the rational exploitation of this native genetic resource.
{"title":"Exploitation of the common guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) in the Northern region of Cameroon","authors":"Jean Massawa, Francis Djiotsa Dongmo, F. Meutchieye","doi":"10.46325/GABJ.V4I2.755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/GABJ.V4I2.755","url":null,"abstract":"Family poultry is an easily accessible source of income and animal protein for low-income populations in developing countries. This study was designed to describe the production system of the guinea fowlin the north region of Cameroon. To achieve this objective, a structured questionnaire was submitted to 72 guinea fowl keepers selected randomly in 7 localities. It emerged that guinea fowl farming is mostly a male business (77.78%). The average flock size is between 5-10 adult animals and the main production objectivesare consumption and sales (69.44%). The flocks are constituted from natural incubations carried out by local hens (88.88%); egg production is seasonal and poor, and almost all incubated eggs come from local markets (84.5%), individual collection in the surrounding groves and domestic spawning. Guinea fowls are in a scavenging system (66.66%) and merely housed. Birds often benefit from few handfuls of cereals (corn seeds and millet) and home wastes. Keets’mortality rate is higher (80.55%) among those aged between 8 to12 days. Majority of guinea fowls’keepers (76%) do not practice any health monitoring. The technical and financial constraintsare the major challenges to the development of guinea fowl production. The organization of producers, the dissemination of appropriate technologies and support with enabling policies and private sectors would improve the overallproduction performance and thus the rational exploitation of this native genetic resource.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79203422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to investigate the genetic and phenotypic variability of indigenous turkey in the North West of Algeria, a study was conducted around local poultry farms in the region of Tlemcen and performed on 78 Turkeys (27 males and 51 females) of adult age. Seventeen parameters were measured including 11 quantitative and 6 qualitative which are :body length (BL), wingspan (W), chest width (CW), chest size (CS), tarsal length (TL), thigh length (ThL), neck length (NL), spout length (SL), wing length (WL), width of the dewlap (WD), head length (HL). Taking in consideration plumage coloration, the following phenotypes were observed: Black (17%), White (65%), Red (18%). This work is considered as the first report about the phenotypic differentiation on indigenous turkey in Tlemcen. The measurements performed on these animals showed an important significant difference and a positive correlation between all the mentioned parameters thus the results of the hierarchical classification based on PCA shows three classes, where class 2 and class 3 were balanced with slight differences in (SL), (TL), (ThL), (CS), while class 1 showed remarkable differences which could be under implications of random selection and breeding programs
{"title":"Phenotypic and morphometric diversity of Indigenous Turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo) from Wilaya of Tlemcen, Northwest of Algeria","authors":"M. Mediouni, S. Sara, A. A. Ameur, S. Gaouar","doi":"10.46325/GABJ.V4I2.754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/GABJ.V4I2.754","url":null,"abstract":"In order to investigate the genetic and phenotypic variability of indigenous turkey in the North West of Algeria, a study was conducted around local poultry farms in the region of Tlemcen and performed on 78 Turkeys (27 males and 51 females) of adult age. Seventeen parameters were measured including 11 quantitative and 6 qualitative which are :body length (BL), wingspan (W), chest width (CW), chest size (CS), tarsal length (TL), thigh length (ThL), neck length (NL), spout length (SL), wing length (WL), width of the dewlap (WD), head length (HL). Taking in consideration plumage coloration, the following phenotypes were observed: Black (17%), White (65%), Red (18%). This work is considered as the first report about the phenotypic differentiation on indigenous turkey in Tlemcen. The measurements performed on these animals showed an important significant difference and a positive correlation between all the mentioned parameters thus the results of the hierarchical classification based on PCA shows three classes, where class 2 and class 3 were balanced with slight differences in (SL), (TL), (ThL), (CS), while class 1 showed remarkable differences which could be under implications of random selection and breeding programs","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84067943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present work aims to study the distribution of blood groups in a simple random sampling and to present new national statistics on the phenotype and allele prevalence of the two ABO and Rhesus blood group systems. The study was carried out on a sample comprising 7549 individuals from the 48 Wilayas (Provinces) of Algeria. For this, a survey was carried out randomly, in hospitals, private laboratories, universities, university halls, Algiers Airport and social networks. The findings allowed stating that group O was found in about half of people with phenotypes (47.52%), group A was twice as high (30.14%) as group B (16.62%), and group AB exhibited the lowest frequency (5.72%). Moreover, a clear predominance of rhesus positive (Rh+) subjects (91.8%) was observed compared to rhesus negative (Rh-) subjects (8.1%) among the Algerian population. However, regarding the allele frequencies, it was found that the O allele was the most frequent, with a prevalence of 68.32%. As for the A allele, it came in the second position, with a frequency of 19.84%, and finally the B allele was the least frequent, with a frequency of 11.84%. The results obtained indicated that the Algerian population is heterogeneous; it is characterized by a high ethnic mix rate due to the migration of populations from all places (introduction of new parents) and to a very high percentage of consanguinity in certain communities due to consanguineous marriages.
{"title":"Study of the phenotype and allele frequencies of the ABO and Rhesus blood group systems in Algeria.","authors":"Louiza Derouiche, Naima Belaribi, Hiba Akrour, Fatma Derouiche","doi":"10.46325/gabj.v5i1.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v5i1.171","url":null,"abstract":"The present work aims to study the distribution of blood groups in a simple random sampling and to present new national statistics on the phenotype and allele prevalence of the two ABO and Rhesus blood group systems. The study was carried out on a sample comprising 7549 individuals from the 48 Wilayas (Provinces) of Algeria. For this, a survey was carried out randomly, in hospitals, private laboratories, universities, university halls, Algiers Airport and social networks. The findings allowed stating that group O was found in about half of people with phenotypes (47.52%), group A was twice as high (30.14%) as group B (16.62%), and group AB exhibited the lowest frequency (5.72%). Moreover, a clear predominance of rhesus positive (Rh+) subjects (91.8%) was observed compared to rhesus negative (Rh-) subjects (8.1%) among the Algerian population. However, regarding the allele frequencies, it was found that the O allele was the most frequent, with a prevalence of 68.32%. As for the A allele, it came in the second position, with a frequency of 19.84%, and finally the B allele was the least frequent, with a frequency of 11.84%. The results obtained indicated that the Algerian population is heterogeneous; it is characterized by a high ethnic mix rate due to the migration of populations from all places (introduction of new parents) and to a very high percentage of consanguinity in certain communities due to consanguineous marriages.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":"33 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81167160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas’s Rope Squirrel (Funisciurus anerythrus) and Gambian Sun Squirrel (Heliosciurus gambianus) are two of the eight squirrel species found in Nigeria with overlapping habitats in Southwestern Nigeria. Squirrels are involved in pollination, seed dispersal, vectors of human and domestic animal diseases as well as crop and household pests. These species and the crucial ecosystem services they render are threatened by habitat destruction, human encroachment and the fact that they are being used as a source of protein in Nigeria. Their conservation would be enhanced by availability of accurate genetic information which are scarce for these species. This study seeks to provide baseline data on genetic variation at three allozyme loci in the two species in University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Twenty-nine individual squirrels including eighteen F. anerythrus species and eleven H. gambianus were used in this study. These were obtained from the wild within the University of Ibadan. Observed and expected heterozygosity (Ho and He), Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), genetic distance between the species, and inbreeding coefficients were performed using POPGENE and Tools for Population Genetic Analyses (TFPGA). In F. anerythrus, Ho and He were 0.6092 and 0.5635, respectively, while, for H. gambianus, Ho and He were 0.6242 and 0.5745, respectively. There were no deviations from HWE in all the tested loci (p>0.05). Nei genetic distance between the species was 0.0070 and the populations showed fairly high level of outbreeding (FST = 0.0029 ± 0.0017). More robust genetic markers would be required to further ascertain the genetic status of the species.
托马斯绳松鼠(Funisciurus anerythrus)和冈比亚太阳松鼠(Heliosciurus gambianus)是在尼日利亚发现的八种松鼠中的两种，在尼日利亚西南部有重叠的栖息地。松鼠参与了授粉、种子传播、人类和家畜疾病以及作物和家庭害虫的传播。这些物种及其提供的重要生态系统服务受到栖息地破坏、人类入侵以及它们在尼日利亚被用作蛋白质来源的威胁。它们的保护将通过获得准确的遗传信息而得到加强，而这些信息对于这些物种来说是稀缺的。本研究旨在为尼日利亚伊巴丹大学的两个物种的三个同工酶位点的遗传变异提供基线数据。本研究以29只松鼠为研究对象，其中包括18种无角松鼠和11种甘比亚松鼠。这些是从伊巴丹大学的野外获得的。利用POPGENE和Tools for Population genetic Analyses (TFPGA)分析了观察和期望杂合度(Ho和He)、Hardy-Weinberg平衡(HWE)、种间遗传距离和近交系数。无毛螺旋体的Ho和He分别为0.6092和0.5635，冈边螺旋体的Ho和He分别为0.6242和0.5745。所有检测位点的HWE均无偏离(p>0.05)。种群间的内遗传距离为0.0070，种群间具有较高的远交水平(FST = 0.0029±0.0017)。需要更强大的遗传标记来进一步确定该物种的遗传状况。
{"title":"Genetic Variations in Thomas’s Rope Squirrel (Funisciurus anerythrus) and Gambian Sun Squirrel (Heliosciurus gambianus) Ibadan, Nigeria, Using Allozyme Markers","authors":"O. Coker, O. Osaiyuwu, O. M. Isong","doi":"10.46325/gabj.v5i1.158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v5i1.158","url":null,"abstract":"Thomas’s Rope Squirrel (Funisciurus anerythrus) and Gambian Sun Squirrel (Heliosciurus gambianus) are two of the eight squirrel species found in Nigeria with overlapping habitats in Southwestern Nigeria. Squirrels are involved in pollination, seed dispersal, vectors of human and domestic animal diseases as well as crop and household pests. These species and the crucial ecosystem services they render are threatened by habitat destruction, human encroachment and the fact that they are being used as a source of protein in Nigeria. Their conservation would be enhanced by availability of accurate genetic information which are scarce for these species. This study seeks to provide baseline data on genetic variation at three allozyme loci in the two species in University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Twenty-nine individual squirrels including eighteen F. anerythrus species and eleven H. gambianus were used in this study. These were obtained from the wild within the University of Ibadan. Observed and expected heterozygosity (Ho and He), Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), genetic distance between the species, and inbreeding coefficients were performed using POPGENE and Tools for Population Genetic Analyses (TFPGA). In F. anerythrus, Ho and He were 0.6092 and 0.5635, respectively, while, for H. gambianus, Ho and He were 0.6242 and 0.5745, respectively. There were no deviations from HWE in all the tested loci (p>0.05). Nei genetic distance between the species was 0.0070 and the populations showed fairly high level of outbreeding (FST = 0.0029 ± 0.0017). More robust genetic markers would be required to further ascertain the genetic status of the species.","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86003281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. D. Mwangomb, Ntata Cédric Ntemunyi, B. P. Bilolwa, Mwamba Innocent Tshimbangu, R. Ayagirwe, M. F. Kampemba, F. Meutchieye
This study was conducted with the aim of contributing to the characterization of zoo genetic resources for farm animals in the agricultural area of Haut Katanga. For this, 185 guinea pigs were sampled according to the snowball method from 117 households and whose weight parameter obtained from a balance and linear parameter obtained at the area of a measuring tape a description. The cavy was held immobile in a horizontal plane, and measurements were taken after locating landmarks on the surface of the animal's body. Qualitative parameters were collected by the visual method where the color of the coat was identified by direct observation under daylight (FAO, 2013; AU-IBAR, 2015). The main results showed that the location factor significantly influenced the majority of biometric characteristics while the sex factor had no significant effect on the measurements. The studied cavies had an angular conformation with the following average performances: weight 506.1 ± 149.9g; chest circumference 15.8 ± 3.0cm; body length 27.7 ± 3.2cm; thigh circumference 5.8 ± 0.9cm. Morphological characteristics indicate the presence of 6 main colors (white, cream, brown, grey, black and silver), from which several combinations are derived. The most frequent combinations are trichromic (White, black and brown) with 34.05%, followed by dichromic (White and brown: 18.38%). About 99.4% of the animals had black eyes. The hairs were soft (82.7%) and short (100%). PCA followed by an Ascending Hierarchical Classification (AHC) of these animals resulted in four genetic types; the first two types (type 1 and 2) have lower than average weights and resemble the guinea pigs of a (traditional) family farm, while the other two are semi-improved. Based on the coloring of the hair, these domestic cavies have a compound coat. These results show the existence of a great variability between the guinea pig populations as well as a diversity of rearing practices that requires monitoring for improvement, which constitutes an opportunity for genetic improvement of local guinea pigs.
{"title":"Phenotypic characterization of domestic cavies (Cavia porcellus) in the agricultural zone of Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"K. D. Mwangomb, Ntata Cédric Ntemunyi, B. P. Bilolwa, Mwamba Innocent Tshimbangu, R. Ayagirwe, M. F. Kampemba, F. Meutchieye","doi":"10.46325/gabj.v5i1.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v5i1.160","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study was conducted with the aim of contributing to the characterization of zoo genetic resources for farm animals in the agricultural area of Haut Katanga. For this, 185 guinea pigs were sampled according to the snowball method from 117 households and whose weight parameter obtained from a balance and linear parameter obtained at the area of a measuring tape a description. The cavy was held immobile in a horizontal plane, and measurements were taken after locating landmarks on the surface of the animal's body. Qualitative parameters were collected by the visual method where the color of the coat was identified by direct observation under daylight (FAO, 2013; AU-IBAR, 2015). The main results showed that the location factor significantly influenced the majority of biometric characteristics while the sex factor had no significant effect on the measurements. The studied cavies had an angular conformation with the following average performances: weight 506.1 ± 149.9g; chest circumference 15.8 ± 3.0cm; body length 27.7 ± 3.2cm; thigh circumference 5.8 ± 0.9cm. Morphological characteristics indicate the presence of 6 main colors (white, cream, brown, grey, black and silver), from which several combinations are derived. The most frequent combinations are trichromic (White, black and brown) with 34.05%, followed by dichromic (White and brown: 18.38%). About 99.4% of the animals had black eyes. The hairs were soft (82.7%) and short (100%). PCA followed by an Ascending Hierarchical Classification (AHC) of these animals resulted in four genetic types; the first two types (type 1 and 2) have lower than average weights and resemble the guinea pigs of a (traditional) family farm, while the other two are semi-improved. Based on the coloring of the hair, these domestic cavies have a compound coat. These results show the existence of a great variability between the guinea pig populations as well as a diversity of rearing practices that requires monitoring for improvement, which constitutes an opportunity for genetic improvement of local guinea pigs. \u0000","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76227731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Palace museums harbour important animal remains (trophies), this is the case too with palace museums of the West region of Cameroon. Here we present a preliminary study into the animal-based collections of palace museums from a genetic conservation perspective. We surveyed 11 chiefdom palace museums in the West Region of Cameroon. We collected samples of these trophies. We extracted and purified DNA from these trophies using the DNeasy® Blood and Tissue Kit. Quantification and quality control were done using the agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometric methods. From agarose gel electrophoresis, 64% of specimens have DNA that could be of good quality, 12% of specimens have contaminated DNA, while 12% of specimens have degraded DNA. Spectrophotometric determination reveals that 28% of the specimens has quantifiable DNA against 72% that was of poor DNA quantity. Specimens with good quality DNA could be used for further studies (for instance, DNA sequencing for wildlife traceability). In order to perpetuate the conservation role played by the tradition through museums, the administration has to regulate the acquisition and use of trophies in traditional and cultural events in the forest law actually under revision. Museums have to ensure compliance with the criteria of acquisition and management of wildlife trophies
{"title":"Roles of animal trophies in museums on conservation practices: case study of Palace museums of the west region of Cameroon","authors":"P.M.M Mfonden, F. Meutchieye","doi":"10.46325/gabj.v5i1.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v5i1.162","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Palace museums harbour important animal remains (trophies), this is the case too with palace museums of the West region of Cameroon. Here we present a preliminary study into the animal-based collections of palace museums from a genetic conservation perspective. We surveyed 11 chiefdom palace museums in the West Region of Cameroon. We collected samples of these trophies. We extracted and purified DNA from these trophies using the DNeasy® Blood and Tissue Kit. Quantification and quality control were done using the agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometric methods. From agarose gel electrophoresis, 64% of specimens have DNA that could be of good quality, 12% of specimens have contaminated DNA, while 12% of specimens have degraded DNA. Spectrophotometric determination reveals that 28% of the specimens has quantifiable DNA against 72% that was of poor DNA quantity. Specimens with good quality DNA could be used for further studies (for instance, DNA sequencing for wildlife traceability). In order to perpetuate the conservation role played by the tradition through museums, the administration has to regulate the acquisition and use of trophies in traditional and cultural events in the forest law actually under revision. Museums have to ensure compliance with the criteria of acquisition and management of wildlife trophies \u0000","PeriodicalId":12670,"journal":{"name":"GABJ","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86558780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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