Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevaniia最新文献

Welders-assemblers of the Quant-type laser devices are exposed to bright light flashes of plasma and laser exceeding in certain measurements the maximal allowed level. Such hazards induce disorders in eyes, autonomic nervous, circulatory and immune systems of workers. Impaired humoral immunity can lead to increased incidence of acute respiratory tract diseases. Prophylactic measures, including laser and flash shielding screens and drug therapy were suggested.

Dynamic studies showed that the combined action of phosphine and hydrofluoric acid damages the Krebs cycle reactions, dehydrogenization of isocitrate and synthesis of citrate in homogenized rat liver. Yellow phosphorus harmed the citrate synthetic reaction of citric acid cycle in homogenized rat liver as well. That activated the alternative action principles in the cycle. The main cause of such disorders in the Krebs cycle in likely to be the abnormal fat metabolism induced by toxic products of phosphorus industry.

Experimental silicosis was induced by quartz-containing dust administered intratracheally to Wistar male rats. Proteoclastic enzymes terrilytine was found to arrest pulmonary fibrosis, which was proved by inhibited development of silicotic granulomas and their lowered fibrosis. Terrilytine was most effective when inhaled in a dose of 0.08 PU per rat. Injected intraperitoneally, terrilytine in the dose elevated from 0.1-0.2 to 0.3 PU inhibited fibrosis developing in the presence of marked serous desquamative alveolitis. Incorporation of the enzyme in the cholesterol-lecithin liposomes prevents this side effect in the lungs. Liposomes injected intraperitoneally do not influence the development of pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis.

Scarlet 2G and black 2K dyes were divided and measured by thin-layer chromatography with mixture of acetone and toluene (3:4) used as an eluent for dividing scarlet 2G and a mixture of chloroform, benzene and acetone (3:2:1) for eluting black 2K. The method permits the detection of the aforesaid dyes in the air of working area at the level of 0.5 MAC in the presence of admixtures.

Women engaged in the production of chlorine, divinyl and propylene oxide are exposed during the working shift to unfavourable occupational factors: gas, dust, noise, emotional and physical stress, inadequate microclimate. All that disorders the specific functions and health status. Diseases in women working for 'Orgsintez' enterprise are closely connected with the length of service. Occupational factors of this chemical enterprise influence the course of pregnancy and labor, condition of fetus and newborn.

Dimethylphosphite, being a semiproduct of chlorophosphonium synthesis, is a moderately toxic substance according to the criterion of acute toxicity. It is characterized by marked cumulative properties, absorption from skin and local irritative action. Acute and chronic poisoning induces disorders of the nervous system. MAC in the air is 0.5 mg/m3 as established by Ministry of Health.

Lipid peroxidation parameters, such as malonic dialdehyde and antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase and catalase activities) were studied in healthy individuals, miners of different occupations, working at mines of different altitudes. The studies showed that increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant defense are connected with the altitude of work and exposure to the quartz-containing dust combined with hypobaric hypoxia. Malonic dialdehyde, the final toxic product of peroxidation, is accumulated as a result of it. Increased membranous lipid peroxidation results in death and lysis of cells. It becomes the principal pathogenetic component of pneumoconiosis formation and clarifies the mechanism of its early development, comparatively fast progressing, frequency of nodular forms in miners from the high and middle altitudes. That testifies the ability of hypobaric hypoxia to produce silicosis.

Workers engaged in production of household chemical goods (paints, synthetic detergents, aerosols) are exposed to harmful factors (noise levels higher than the maximal allowable ones, concentration of chemical agents in the air surpassing the MACs). Such work conditions are estimated as unfavourable according to the hygienic classification. The total morbidity and some nosologic forms (respiratory, digestive, locomotor systems and skin) are growing in number especially in workers of aerosol production. Statistic analysis revealed that the length of service was directly related to the level of total morbidity and the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases in the workers engaged in manufacture of household chemical goods.