Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevaniia最新文献

References to different methods of cobalt detection in biologic material are given. Polarographic detection of cobalt in human urine and animal biologic material worked out by authors was used for evaluation of biologic MAC. Biologic material was limed by nitric and sulfuric acids. Sulfuric acid was carefully distilled off the burnt material. Mineralized material was dissolved in 10 ml of 1N hydrochloric acid, filtered and again steamed into moist salts. 2.5 ml of water, 0.5 ml of dimethylglyoxime (0.02 M), 2 ml of Na4P2O7 (0.2 M) and 5 ml of buffer solution (0.1 M NH4Cl and NH4OH) were added to limed mineral, than pH was driven to 9 by 1 = 2 drops of ammonia solution and after blowing through, the specimen was exposed to polarography in alternating current. ++Redox potential of cobalt is 1.18 V. The method can be used for detection of cobalt in urine of workers contacting with the stated metal. Sensitivity of the method is 0.02 Mkg/ml.

Medical and informational supply of the system liquidating the consequences of accidents concerning the dangerous railway goods was analysed. Emergency cards of dangerous railway goods were described as a new type of medical and technical information. 130 of such cards concerning 567 dangerous railway goods were published in 1984, additional prophylactic sections of emergency cards for 400 substances (goods) were published in 1991. Materials for 1,000 substances are prepared for publishing. Automatic system for information search was proved to have good prospects for the further development and putting into practice on railways.

Reliability of mine foremen influences greatly the group microclimate, productivity and safety of work in mines. Engineering and technical personnel with high level of professional reliability shows the best parameters of psychophysiologic status. Criteria are worked out to score the most informative psychophysiologic functions in mine foremen during the preliminary and regular check-ups of such personnel.

Acute toxicity, functional cumulative and local effects of the four ++poly-metallic oxides YBa2Cu3O7, Bi4Sr3O16, Tl2Ca2Cu3O10, Lao,7Sro,3CoO3, were studied in laboratory animals. Parallel experiments on assessment toxicity of the regular oxides of the studied metals in mice were carried out. The major dissolution of metals was shown to occur in acid medium. Thallium-barium-calcium cuprite turned out to be the most toxic and cumulative; it induced the most severe morphologic changes in the liver and kidneys. The least severe disorders caused by this substance were in the rat gastric mucosa and in rabbit eye after a conjunctival injection. Yttrium-barium cuprite induced the most severe changes at the site of injection, lanthanum-strontium cobaltite ranks second here. All copper-containing polymetallic oxides show resorptive toxicity when applied to the skin. Different types of combined toxicity are possible, that is why MACs for the regular oxides can not be used for setting the normal concentrations of ++poly-metallic oxides in air. Estimated toxicometric parameters helped to score the concentrations, which may serve as tentative safe levels of the studies substances.

Diseases of the upper respiratory tract are wide spread in the workers exposed to dust and closely correlate with the length of service. Pathologic process grows severe and disseminates the upper respiratory tract according to prolongation of the exposure to dust. The main pathologic mechanisms of process in the upper respiratory tract mucosa are: disorder of mucociliary clearance, disturbance of the regional immunity and the acid-base balance of tissues. Criteria of occupational connection of the nose, throat and larynx dystrophic diseases in workers exposed to dust are given.

Analysis of pneumoconiosis course in workers exposed to dust in the mines of different altitudes showed, that the increased altitude augmented mountainous hypobaric hypoxia hasten the development of pneumoconiotic process and increase the number of nodular pneumoconiosis growing progressively worse. Pneumoconiosis develops considerably earlier and nodular forms predominate in the newcomers than in native workers. The frequency of such complications, as chronic bronchitis, asthmatic syndrome decreases in accordance with increasing of altitude which can be explained by the features of inhabitants' immunologic status and peculiarity of the mountainous climate.

Two methods were applied to evaluation of acelysine level. Spectrophotometric one was based on reaction with p-nitrophenyldiasonium and evaluation of the product optic density at 510 nm. The second was chromatography in thin layer, where a mixture of n-butanol, formic acid and water was used as an eluent and 0.2% ninhydrin solution in butanol and 3 ml of ice acetic acid (60-70 degrees C) served as a developer. Both methods are supposed to evaluate acelysine level in the air of working area, when a half of MAC and admixtures are present.

Work conditions were analysed in workers engaged into realization of the new coal extracting line technology producing 5250 m3 of coal per hr in KATEK open-cast mine. Hygienic standards appeared to be followed mainly on the constant working places and in the mining machine cabs, but noise dust parameters were not evaluated in the transloaders, microclimate parameters of excavator and transloaders were not assessed during the cold season. High concentration of dust appear in the air due to mining machines cleaning with the pumped air. Workers engaged into the coal transportation and its intermediate storage appeared to work in more hazardous conditions. Sanitary measures are suggested.

Microcomputer calculation of the heat resistance of clothes gives the current data for the wide range of air speed. Programme is based on the equation, summarizing the number of standard clothing layers. Other methods (using of dummies, trials on humans) were analysed and the results identical to the suggested method were obtained.