Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevaniia最新文献

Hearing stability was measured by the method using physiologic dependence: the better were body possibilities to resist the unfavourable effect of acoustic environment, the higher was the tolerance threshold. Hearing stability measured by the suggested method appeared to be an individual stable characteristic that can be predicted.

P proteins were just obtained from white rats and a method to testify them with the help of highly stable anti-P serum was worked out. Normal titres of P proteins are 1:1600 and 1:3200. Different models of sensitisation to the industrial allergens (delivered intracutaneously, by inhalation, into trachea in various doses and concentrations) were used in trials of the method. P protein level appeared to correlate with the sensitisation degree estimated by specific allergy tests. The highest P protein titer is due to the toxic allergic conditions (up to 1:102400), the minimal to sensitization of threshold (up to 1:12800) level. Provocative inhalation test in sensitized rats induced an increase of P protein titer as delayed hypersensitivity was forming.

The article is devoted to coronary disease in miners of deep Donbass mines. Data of its prevalence, chemical and functional features are given. Rapid progress of the disease was found to correlate with unfavourable factors of occupational environment. Mechanisms of dangerous heart rythm disorders formation during the work are shown. The main points of the programme improving the health care of miners suffering from coronary heart disease are described.

A total of 140 miners, divided into 4 groups were studied. The first group consisted of 25 practically healthy people, newly employed, examined at a health center of the mine, the second of 21 patients with anthracosilicosis, the third of 36 with anthracosilicosis confirmed by X-ray, the fourth included 58 facing the first stage of anthracosilicosis. Erythrocyte histidine and catecholamine levels, myeloperoxidase and beta-glucuronidase activities, data of lysosomal cation (LC) and NBT tests in neutrophils were under study. The miners of groups 2, 3, 4 showed the increased beta-glucuronidase activity (by 47-73%) and NBT test values (37-96%), lowered levels of catecholamines (57-67%), histidine (48-60%), results of LC-test (29-32%) and myeloperoxidase activity (21-31%) in comparison with normal subjects. The findings will help diagnose the latent forms of anthracosilicosis comparatively early, when the structural changes cannot be detected by X-ray.

Investigations of arterial and venous circulation in the shin, analysis of work hyperemia and venous pump mechanisms have shown, that regional hemodynamics depends on the position of the lower limbs. The optimal initial position for special exercises intensifying the venous outflow is sitting with raised, slightly flexed legs, with the shin on the level of the heart. Sitting with flexed knees and vertical shin is less advisable for prophylaxis.

Transitory disablement in 5886 workers engaged for the whole year into heat treating metallurgy was compared during 5 years (1981-1985) with that in 291 workers engaged into repairing mechanical occupations so as to reveal metallurgical occupational factors influencing on gastrointestinal morbidity. Metallurgical occupational hazards harm the health status in workers engaged into heat-treating metallurgy, induce the gastrointestinal disorders, which are demonstrated by the elevated transitory disablement. The workers engaged into heat treating metallurgy showed higher gastrointestinal morbidity rate than those engaged into repairing mechanical work.

Occupational morbidity was analysed in workers of 15 metallurgical enterprises according to the enterprise profile, worker's age, sex, length of service and occupation. The analysed data are represented in the article, the measures are recommended so as to reduce the occupational morbidity.

Much attention is paid to clinical and epidemiological aspects of carcinogenic hazards in the production of asbestos textile, asbestos cement, friction, graphite and furniture goods. "Dose-response" relationship in exposure to occupational carcinogens was studied, criteria of occupational malignant neoplasma appurtenance were worked out, role of carcinogenic factors in malignant tumors of rare localisations was shown, signs of carcinogenic aerosols effects described and prophylactic measures suggested.

The article describes consequences of the chemical accident in Ufa, lead to the drinkable water pollution by phenol and chlorophenolic compounds. Events required the prompt prophylactic measures and reconstruction of health care in the city. The treatment tactics approved at that period of time are represented.