Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevaniia最新文献

The article provides information on the hygienic assessment of the labour conditions in magnesium sulphate processing, along with the experimental data on the toxicity of this chemical compound at different ways of its penetration into human body, and describes the damaging mechanisms of its action. The toxicity parameters were related to the 4th class of hazardousness (GOST 12.1.007-76). The acute inhalational action threshold was determined at 112.7 mg/m3. The chemical substance did not exhibit any irritating action on the skin and mucosae, but was capable of penetrating through the undamaged skin and cause some functional disorders. The chronic inhalational action threshold was assessed at 10.2 mg/m3. Magnesium sulphate did not display any specific cardiotoxic or gonadotrophic action. MAC in the air in working zone areas was established at 2 mg/m3. Lesions of the liver were the major factor in the pathogenesis of intoxications.

Dynamic studies of visual capacity for work in individuals working with displays revealed decreased accommodation volume after the long concentration on the display. The total time of work with the display of more than 2h a day involved a decrease of the accommodation volume by 0.42-0.49 diopters and transitory myopia of 0.15-0.21 diopters, as well as increased self-appraisal of fatigue. The system of prophylactic measures including rest breaks, special exercises, massage was worked out and put into practice. Repeated study has proved the effectiveness of suggested measures.

Reports of MACs for carboxylic acid derivatives as sodium methoxyacetate (SMOA), methyl chlorpropionate (MCP) and acetoacetic ether (AAE). SMOA shows low toxicity, no cumulation and specific action MCP demonstrates moderate toxicity, low cumulation no specific action in concentrations close to Limac. AAE presents toxicity low in oral usage and moderate when inhaled, low cumulation, no irritation and sensitization. Tentative safe level of injury and MAC estimated for the aforesaid substances together with toxicity parameters compared with the substances studied before allowed the authors to set the MAC of SMOA--10, MCP--2, AAE--10 mg/m3.

Immunologic studies in 130 protein-vitamin concentrate production workers of Angarsk showed the characteristic changes in clinically healthy individuals, suffering from allergic conditions. The changes are: increased levels of T lymphocytes, T killers, T helpers, B lymphocytes, decreased levels of T suppressors and IgA. Immunologic reactivity predisposing to allergic conditions and chronic course of inflammations was found to appear in the workers engaged in protein-vitamin concentrate production.

In dosimetric approach to the hygienic norm setting of radio waves adequate metrological basis is required. Joint investigations, carried by physicists and hygienists helped solve the new medical and technical problems, connected with the creation of individual dosimeters and indicators, monitor the hygienic norms of superhigh frequency electromagnetic waves. The devices are small, light, with autonomic power supply and digital indication of current exposure dose. The devices are supposed to give signals (light, sound) if the individual hygienic levels of superhigh frequency electromagnetic waves are surpassed.

The dose of radioactive irradiation received by the workers of the Mozyr industrial area after the Chernobyl power plant accident cannot result in specific lesions, but a nonspecific effects of low radiation doses, chemical substances of low intensity and other occupational factors are possible. A possible radiation origin of the astheno-depressive and astheno-somatic disorders developing by nonspecific stress mechanisms is to be investigated.

A total of 129 women working at asbestos-concentrating factories and asbestos articles manufacture plant, including 87 of them facing asbestosis and 42 exposed to asbestos without asbestosis were examined. There was no marked shifts in the reproductive function and pregnancy results of women facing asbestosis and those exposed to asbestos without asbestosis. Women facing asbestosis has infant mortality higher than other women. Parameters of potential selection (index Crow) in the studied population showed an unfavourable demographic situation in women facing asbestosis. Analysis of biodemographic data helped to suggest the possibility of genetic predisposition to asbestosis.

Mutagenic activity of inhaled dispersed orange 2K nitrodye (DON 2K) and Reax' disperser was evaluated. Chronically inhaled DON 2K (with disperser) in concentration 28.6 mg/m3 is a genetic danger for an individual and population, being also a selective by injurious++ to the red blood cells. Chronically inhaled Reax' disperser (25.7 and 5.8 mg/m3) shows low mutagenic activity in somatic tissue. Thus, the mutagenic effect of DON 2K with disperser (composition is constant) is explained by nitrodye and not a disperser.