Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevaniia最新文献

Characteristics, frequency and distribution of vertebrogenic diseases involving cervico-brachial region were studied in more than 1,000 miners from asian North and East exposed to vibration. The data were compared with the results of examination of drivers. The investigation revealed a high level of vertebrogenic cervical pain and cervico-brachial pain in miners with a long length of service, especially in those suffering from vibration disease and frequent osteochondrosis manifestation in younger age, especially in subjects working beyond the Polar Circle. Occupational hazards are proved to play a leading role in the early development of vertebrogenic diseases, and vibration disease predisposes to such pathology. The results make possible to consider the vertebrogenic cervical pain and cervico-brachial pain as occupational diseases in young-aged workers with long length of service or evaluate such diseases as complications of vibration disease in individuals facing this occupational pathology.

Drug-free techniques in the treatment of occupational dermatoses present a major clinical research problem area. The active hyperemia local barotherapy technique was tested as a possible solution to this problem. 52 occupational eczema cases were studied, part of which, in addition to routine drug therapy, were exposed to local barotherapy. The technique was found highly effective with markedly decreased temporary disability of the patients, improved immediate and long-term therapeutic effects, and limited administration of drugs. The technique can be recommended for wide use in clinical practice.

Economic detriment due to the main occupational diseases diagnosed in 1990 forms a sum of 2.58 billion roubles. Careful assess of economic losses concerning only a deficiency in supply due to an increased morbidity of workers gave a total amount of 20 billion roubles a year in prices of 1987. Privilege pensions connected with hazardous working conditions and based on lists N1 and 2 are considered as an occult legalization of the hygienic norms breaking. Contents of the lists trend to expand. By the end of 1987 the privilege pensions payments covered 6.6 billion roubles, but in 1991 that sum reached 7.3 billion roubles.

With regard to acute toxicity, the cubosols are attributed to the non-cumulative compounds of low toxicity. Acute inhalation exposure threshold for cubosol "Bright green" is over 140 mg/m3. Subacute poisonings developed following intragastric administrations in concentrations 1 g/kg for 30 days, and were characterized by polymorphism of the signs. Revealed were delayed body mass increment in the laboratory animals, changes in peripheral blood and hepatorenal morphology and function.

Workers engaged in reclamation construction are exposed to dust and chemical agents, appearing in the air during the work. Vibration, noise, meteorologic conditions overmatch the normal parameters. Immunologic status is changed, transitory disablement incidence is high, occupational diseases occur. Hygienic measures for this population are recommended and put into practice.

The article narrates on pathologic developments in the skin caused by the lubricating cooling liquid MP-7. 63 workers, including machine operators and adjusters, were medically examined, as a result of which it was established that the MP-7 liquid manifested marked irritating properties and less expressed allergenic characteristics. Oil-induced folliculitis, allergic dermatitis and eczema cases constituted 85.4 +/- 4.6% rate, which confirmed the occupational origin of the lesions. Ample supply of hygienic clothes, other hygienic procedures, weekly change of overalls did not fully eliminate contact with the MP-7 liquid.

The article describes one case of exogenic allergic alveolitis (EAA) developed in female engaged into shoe-making during 20 years and exposed to high concentrations of industrial multicomponent aerosols. Having pneumonia-like exacerbations, the disease demonstrated growing dyspnea and intercurrent pulmonary infiltrations. Such diagnoses as pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, Loeffler syndrome, pulmonary sarcoidosis and EAA were discussed. The diagnosis of "shoe-maker's" EAA was based on the features of anamnesis, occupational life and manifestations confirmed by immunologic and morphologic data. Endobronchial lavage with hydrocortisone administration was proved to be effective. The importance of clinical and immunologic criteria, examination of ability to work in people suffering from EAA was stressed.