{"title":"ヒトに対するキトサンの長期摂取、及び過剰摂取における有効性と安全性の検討--二重盲検比較試験後のフォロー調査","authors":"卜蔵 浩和, 小林 祥泰","doi":"10.11217/JJDF1997.6.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11217/JJDF1997.6.61","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":126933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133953203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Definition, Method, and Caloric Value Assigned to Dietary Fiber: A Global Perspective","authors":"L. Prosky","doi":"10.11217/JJDF1997.6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11217/JJDF1997.6.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":126933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122356917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was designed to investigate the effect of pectin on the composition of bile in total gastrectomized rats. Rats were divided into the following three groups: sham-operated rats fed the pectin-free diet, gastrectomized rats fed the Pectin-free diet, and gastrectomized rats fed the Pectin-free diet supplemented with 5% pectin (Pectin diet). The rats were fed the respective test diet for 70 days. Between the two groups fed the Pectin-free diet, the bile flow, the biliary secretion of bile acid, cholesterol and phospholipid, the proportion of cholic acid (CA) , the cholic acid/chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) (CA/CDCA) ratio, and the primary bile acids/secondary bile acids (P/S) ratio were higher in the bile in gastrectomized rats, but the proportions of CDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid in the bile were lower in gastrectomized rats than in sham-operated rats. The bile flow and the biliary secretions of bile acid, cholesterol and phospholipid did not vary between the two groups of gastrectomized rats. The proportion of CDCA in bile was significantly higher and the CA/CDCA ratio in bile was significantly lower in the gastrectomized rats fed Pectin diet , but the proportion of the deoxycholic acid in the bile was significantly lower in the gastrectomized rats fed the Pectin diet than in the gastrectomized rats fed the Pectin free-diet. The P/S ratio was not affected by the Pectin diet feeding. The results of this study suggest that pectin may reduce the lithogenicity of bile after gastrectomy by modifying the composition of bile acids in bile.
本研究旨在探讨果胶对全胃切除大鼠胆汁成分的影响。大鼠分为3组:假手术大鼠饲喂无果胶饲粮，去胃大鼠饲喂无果胶饲粮，去胃大鼠饲喂添加5%果胶的无果胶饲粮(果胶饲粮)。各组大鼠分别饲喂70 d的试验饲料。两组之间喂Pectin-free饮食,胆汁流,胆汁酸的胆汁分泌,胆固醇和磷脂,胆酸的比例(CA),胆酸和鹅去氧胆酸(CDCA) (CA / CDCA)比,和初级胆汁酸/次级胆汁酸(P / S)比率高的胆汁gastrectomized老鼠,但CDCA的比例、熊去氧胆酸和胆汁的石胆酸低gastrectomized比sham-operated老鼠老鼠。两组去胃大鼠的胆汁流量和胆汁酸、胆固醇和磷脂的胆汁分泌物没有变化。果胶喂养的去胃大鼠胆汁中CDCA的比例显著高于无果胶喂养的去胃大鼠，胆汁中CA/CDCA的比值显著低于无果胶喂养的去胃大鼠。料重比不受果胶日粮饲喂的影响。本研究结果表明，果胶可能通过改变胆汁中胆汁酸的组成来降低胃切除术后胆汁的产石性。
{"title":"Effects of Pectin on the Lithogenic Parameters of Bile in Gastrectomized Rats Fed a Cholesterol-Free Diet","authors":"T. Miyada, A. Nakajima, K. Ebihara","doi":"10.11217/JJDF1997.6.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11217/JJDF1997.6.9","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to investigate the effect of pectin on the composition of bile in total gastrectomized rats. Rats were divided into the following three groups: sham-operated rats fed the pectin-free diet, gastrectomized rats fed the Pectin-free diet, and gastrectomized rats fed the Pectin-free diet supplemented with 5% pectin (Pectin diet). The rats were fed the respective test diet for 70 days. Between the two groups fed the Pectin-free diet, the bile flow, the biliary secretion of bile acid, cholesterol and phospholipid, the proportion of cholic acid (CA) , the cholic acid/chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) (CA/CDCA) ratio, and the primary bile acids/secondary bile acids (P/S) ratio were higher in the bile in gastrectomized rats, but the proportions of CDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid in the bile were lower in gastrectomized rats than in sham-operated rats. The bile flow and the biliary secretions of bile acid, cholesterol and phospholipid did not vary between the two groups of gastrectomized rats. The proportion of CDCA in bile was significantly higher and the CA/CDCA ratio in bile was significantly lower in the gastrectomized rats fed Pectin diet , but the proportion of the deoxycholic acid in the bile was significantly lower in the gastrectomized rats fed the Pectin diet than in the gastrectomized rats fed the Pectin free-diet. The P/S ratio was not affected by the Pectin diet feeding. The results of this study suggest that pectin may reduce the lithogenicity of bile after gastrectomy by modifying the composition of bile acids in bile.","PeriodicalId":126933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115491370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Toshimori, M. Yoneyama, Akiba Masanori, N. Saitoh, K. Nakajima, M. Kubota, Hideaki Tsuji
A lactobacillus beverage containing galactosylsucrose (LS) was ingested by healthy female students with constipation tendencies, and its influence on the defecation and fecal conditions were investigated. The test was conducted in five periodical stages. First, the subjects were allowed to ingest a lactobacillus beverage free of LS everyday for a week (Control period), and then for the next one week, the subjects were not allowed to ingest any lactobacillus beverages. Following the washout period, the subjects were allowed to ingest a lactobacillus beverage containing LS (2.5g) everyday for continuous two weeks (LS1W and LS2W periods), and then for the next one week, the subjects were not allowed to ingest any lactobacillus beverages. During the LS ingestion periods, defecation times and days are increased significantly (p<0.05) and fecal form are also improved significantly (p<0.05) in comparison with the control period.
{"title":"Effects of Lactobacillus Beverage Containing Galactosylsucrose on Defecation in Healthy Female Students with Constipation Tendencies","authors":"Y. Toshimori, M. Yoneyama, Akiba Masanori, N. Saitoh, K. Nakajima, M. Kubota, Hideaki Tsuji","doi":"10.11217/JJDF1997.6.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11217/JJDF1997.6.21","url":null,"abstract":"A lactobacillus beverage containing galactosylsucrose (LS) was ingested by healthy female students with constipation tendencies, and its influence on the defecation and fecal conditions were investigated. The test was conducted in five periodical stages. First, the subjects were allowed to ingest a lactobacillus beverage free of LS everyday for a week (Control period), and then for the next one week, the subjects were not allowed to ingest any lactobacillus beverages. Following the washout period, the subjects were allowed to ingest a lactobacillus beverage containing LS (2.5g) everyday for continuous two weeks (LS1W and LS2W periods), and then for the next one week, the subjects were not allowed to ingest any lactobacillus beverages. During the LS ingestion periods, defecation times and days are increased significantly (p<0.05) and fecal form are also improved significantly (p<0.05) in comparison with the control period.","PeriodicalId":126933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123003909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Matsuike, Yasumoto Suzuki, H. Nozawa, H. Nishino, Y. Mori
{"title":"Clinical Research of Polydextrose on Habitual Constipation.","authors":"T. Matsuike, Yasumoto Suzuki, H. Nozawa, H. Nishino, Y. Mori","doi":"10.11217/JJDF1997.6.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11217/JJDF1997.6.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":126933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124473223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-12-30DOI: 10.11217/JJDF1997.5.2_11
Y. Nakashima, T. Tsuda, S. Nagayama, S. Ikegami
In recent year, it has suggested that Japanese young women have increasingly been suffering from constipation .Thiis study was performed to clarify the consumption behavior for Foods for Specified Health Use (FOSHU) ,health foods and nutritional supplements, and the effects of wheat bran cereal on bowel movement in female students . A survey in consumptions of FOSHU and others was conducted on 578 students who were divided into two groups, non-constipating group (one time per day in defecation) and constipating tendency group (less than one time per 2 days and irregular). Half of the students have known the name of FOSHU, while more than 90% have known the health foods and nutritional supplements. In FOSHU, foods for control of bowel function have been consumed by 15% of subjects, especially highly by constipating tendency group. On the other hand , foods for lean body and beauty in the health foods and vitamins or minerals in the nutritional supplements were frequently used. Female students learning in dietetics courses have used FOSHU and others to understand their characteristics . In next experiment, we have determined the improvement in constipation by being fed the wheat bran cereal to 52 subjects selected from the students. The subjects were divided into the non-constipating group and the constipating group and were given the wheat bran cereal or placebo cereal for a week in a cross-over manner. The fecal volume, the frequency of defecation and feeling after defecation were significantly improved by feeding the bran cereal in all subjects and constipating group, while only the frequency of defecation was improved in non-constipating group . Although significant difference in dietary fiber intake was observed between the wheat-bran cereal period and the placebo cereal period, no significant difference in other nutrient intakes. These results showed that the ingestion of wheat bran effectively supplemented dietary fiber and improved the bowel habits in female students .
{"title":"Consumption Behavior for “Foods for Specified Health Use” and Improvement of Constipation by Feeding Wheat-Bran Cereal in Young Women","authors":"Y. Nakashima, T. Tsuda, S. Nagayama, S. Ikegami","doi":"10.11217/JJDF1997.5.2_11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11217/JJDF1997.5.2_11","url":null,"abstract":"In recent year, it has suggested that Japanese young women have increasingly been suffering from constipation .Thiis study was performed to clarify the consumption behavior for Foods for Specified Health Use (FOSHU) ,health foods and nutritional supplements, and the effects of wheat bran cereal on bowel movement in female students . A survey in consumptions of FOSHU and others was conducted on 578 students who were divided into two groups, non-constipating group (one time per day in defecation) and constipating tendency group (less than one time per 2 days and irregular). Half of the students have known the name of FOSHU, while more than 90% have known the health foods and nutritional supplements. In FOSHU, foods for control of bowel function have been consumed by 15% of subjects, especially highly by constipating tendency group. On the other hand , foods for lean body and beauty in the health foods and vitamins or minerals in the nutritional supplements were frequently used. Female students learning in dietetics courses have used FOSHU and others to understand their characteristics . In next experiment, we have determined the improvement in constipation by being fed the wheat bran cereal to 52 subjects selected from the students. The subjects were divided into the non-constipating group and the constipating group and were given the wheat bran cereal or placebo cereal for a week in a cross-over manner. The fecal volume, the frequency of defecation and feeling after defecation were significantly improved by feeding the bran cereal in all subjects and constipating group, while only the frequency of defecation was improved in non-constipating group . Although significant difference in dietary fiber intake was observed between the wheat-bran cereal period and the placebo cereal period, no significant difference in other nutrient intakes. These results showed that the ingestion of wheat bran effectively supplemented dietary fiber and improved the bowel habits in female students .","PeriodicalId":126933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116098667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immunoglobulin Production Regulating Activity of Water-soluble Dietary Fibers","authors":"Koji Yamada","doi":"10.11217/JJDF1997.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11217/JJDF1997.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":126933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121034992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effects of Indigestible Dextrin on Glucose Tolerance (part VI)","authors":"Shigeru Wakbayashi, Y. Kishimoto","doi":"10.11217/JJDF1997.5.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11217/JJDF1997.5.33","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":126933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121037110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of dietary fiber rich cereal-based breakfast on the increment of fecal wet weight, defecation rate and condition of evacuation were investigated in normal subjects (n=36) and the data of 29 subjects selected from 36 subjects were used for the evaluation. The study design was crossover experiment for continuous 1 weeks, and the subjects consumed 2 different test cereal flakes (cereal A, B) in random order in their breakfast. Total dietary fiber contents of the test cereals for three trials were 6.4g for cereal A 40g, 9.6g for cereal A 60g and 5.Og for cereal B 60g, respectively. The cookie as the control does not contain dietary fiber. The results obtained were as follows ;1) The fecal wet weight significantly increased with cereal A 40g, A60g and also cereal B60g and the increment was dependent on the total dietary fiber contents of the test cereals, comparing to the control . 2) The defecation rate of days and times per week were significantly increased with cereal A40g, A60g and cereal B60g, comparing of the control, respectively. 3) The condition of evacuation such as fecal form, color and smell were significantly improved in cereal A 40g and cereal A60g ingestions. 4) The wet weight of feces which makes feel defecation every day was approximately 150g. We concluded that dietary fiber rich cereal-based breakfast has a fecal bulking effect and the improvement of condition of the evacuation in the additional ingestion of 5.0-6.4g of dietary fiber in a day.
以36名正常受试者(n=36)为研究对象，从36名受试者中选取29名受试者进行评价，考察富含膳食纤维的谷物早餐对粪便湿重增加、排便率及排泄状况的影响。研究设计为连续1周的交叉实验，受试者在早餐中随机食用2种不同的测试谷物片(谷物A、B)。3个试验谷物的膳食纤维总含量分别为:A 40g为6.4g, A 60g为9.6g, A 60g为5 g。燕麦B分别为60克。作为对照的饼干不含膳食纤维。结果表明:1)与对照相比，添加谷物A 40g、谷物A60g和谷物B60g时，粪便湿重显著增加，且增加幅度与试验谷物总膳食纤维含量有关。2)与对照组相比，添加谷物A40g、谷物A60g和谷物B60g的仔猪每周排便天数和次数均显著增加。3)摄入谷物A 40g和谷物A60g时，粪便形态、颜色、气味等排泄状况均有显著改善。4)每天感觉排便的粪便湿重约150g。综上所述，富含膳食纤维的谷物早餐在每天额外摄入5.0 ~ 6.4g膳食纤维的情况下，具有大便膨化作用，改善排便状况。
{"title":"Increment of Fecal Weight and Improvement of Bowel Function by Dietary Fiber Rich Cereal-based Breakfast in Normal Subjects","authors":"T. Oku, 禎子 中村","doi":"10.11217/JJDF1997.5.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11217/JJDF1997.5.11","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of dietary fiber rich cereal-based breakfast on the increment of fecal wet weight, defecation rate and condition of evacuation were investigated in normal subjects (n=36) and the data of 29 subjects selected from 36 subjects were used for the evaluation. The study design was crossover experiment for continuous 1 weeks, and the subjects consumed 2 different test cereal flakes (cereal A, B) in random order in their breakfast. Total dietary fiber contents of the test cereals for three trials were 6.4g for cereal A 40g, 9.6g for cereal A 60g and 5.Og for cereal B 60g, respectively. The cookie as the control does not contain dietary fiber. The results obtained were as follows ;1) The fecal wet weight significantly increased with cereal A 40g, A60g and also cereal B60g and the increment was dependent on the total dietary fiber contents of the test cereals, comparing to the control . 2) The defecation rate of days and times per week were significantly increased with cereal A40g, A60g and cereal B60g, comparing of the control, respectively. 3) The condition of evacuation such as fecal form, color and smell were significantly improved in cereal A 40g and cereal A60g ingestions. 4) The wet weight of feces which makes feel defecation every day was approximately 150g. We concluded that dietary fiber rich cereal-based breakfast has a fecal bulking effect and the improvement of condition of the evacuation in the additional ingestion of 5.0-6.4g of dietary fiber in a day.","PeriodicalId":126933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129734844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Shimizu, Kohji Tamagawa, Akio Ikeda, Keita Naganuma, M. Wada, T. Takita, S. Innami
To evaluate the effects of two different fractions of barley bran on gastrointestinal function and lipid metabolism, five weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing cellulose powder (control), wheat bran (WB), outer layer of barley bran (BB-30) and inner layer of barley bran (BB-60) at 5% dietary fiber level for 4 wks. An increase of cecal weight, a lowered pH of cecal contents and a shortening of gastrointestinal transit time in the BB-60 group were significant in comparison with those in the other three groups, respectively. Fecal moisture and butyric acid production in cecal contents of the BB-60 group were significantly higher than those of the BB-30 group. The hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations in the bran-fed groups were significantly higher or higher tendency than those in the control group. These results suggest that BB-60 is different from BB-30 and rather similar to WB on some aspects of gastrointestinal functions, and this phenomenon may be attributed to the difference of dietary fiber composition.
{"title":"Effects of Different Fractions of Barley Bran on Gastrointestinal Function and Lipid Metabolism in Rats","authors":"J. Shimizu, Kohji Tamagawa, Akio Ikeda, Keita Naganuma, M. Wada, T. Takita, S. Innami","doi":"10.11217/JJDF1997.5.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11217/JJDF1997.5.23","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the effects of two different fractions of barley bran on gastrointestinal function and lipid metabolism, five weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing cellulose powder (control), wheat bran (WB), outer layer of barley bran (BB-30) and inner layer of barley bran (BB-60) at 5% dietary fiber level for 4 wks. An increase of cecal weight, a lowered pH of cecal contents and a shortening of gastrointestinal transit time in the BB-60 group were significant in comparison with those in the other three groups, respectively. Fecal moisture and butyric acid production in cecal contents of the BB-60 group were significantly higher than those of the BB-30 group. The hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations in the bran-fed groups were significantly higher or higher tendency than those in the control group. These results suggest that BB-60 is different from BB-30 and rather similar to WB on some aspects of gastrointestinal functions, and this phenomenon may be attributed to the difference of dietary fiber composition.","PeriodicalId":126933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115365357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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