T. Furusho, H. Ishida, H. Suzuno, M. Saito, Y. Minari, N. Tokui, S. Innami
The present paper was attempted to examine the effect of a water-soluble dietary fiber (SDF) extracted from Opuntia Streptacantha (OpS) on postprandial blood glucose level. A OpS-SDF was extracted from the hot-dried OpS powder . An elevation of the postprandial blood glucose level in GK rats ( a Type II diabetes model animal ) given 0.2, 1 or 2% OpSSDF solution orally together with 20% glucose solution was significantly suppressed as compared with that observed in the control rats given only glucose solution. The diffusion rate of glucose and the permeation rate of glucose in the cultured CACO-2 cells were significantly reduced by the addition of OpS-SDF as compared to the control. Further, in the examination on the physico-chemical characteristics of OpS-SDF , we obtained that the glucose diffusion inhibition rates of the 0.2 or 0.5% OpS-SDF solution was markedly high compared with that of pure water. The viscosity of 2% OpS-SDF solution was found to be about 3,000 times high compared with that of pure water . It was revealed that OpS-SDF in OpS is a kind of mucilaginous SDF and has the significant suppressing effect for elevation of postprandial blood glucose level.
{"title":"Cactus (Opuntia Streptacantha) Soluble Dietary Fiber Suppress Elevation of Postprandial Blood Glucose Levels in Type II Diabetes Rats","authors":"T. Furusho, H. Ishida, H. Suzuno, M. Saito, Y. Minari, N. Tokui, S. Innami","doi":"10.11217/JJDF2004.11.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11217/JJDF2004.11.15","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper was attempted to examine the effect of a water-soluble dietary fiber (SDF) extracted from Opuntia Streptacantha (OpS) on postprandial blood glucose level. A OpS-SDF was extracted from the hot-dried OpS powder . An elevation of the postprandial blood glucose level in GK rats ( a Type II diabetes model animal ) given 0.2, 1 or 2% OpSSDF solution orally together with 20% glucose solution was significantly suppressed as compared with that observed in the control rats given only glucose solution. The diffusion rate of glucose and the permeation rate of glucose in the cultured CACO-2 cells were significantly reduced by the addition of OpS-SDF as compared to the control. Further, in the examination on the physico-chemical characteristics of OpS-SDF , we obtained that the glucose diffusion inhibition rates of the 0.2 or 0.5% OpS-SDF solution was markedly high compared with that of pure water. The viscosity of 2% OpS-SDF solution was found to be about 3,000 times high compared with that of pure water . It was revealed that OpS-SDF in OpS is a kind of mucilaginous SDF and has the significant suppressing effect for elevation of postprandial blood glucose level.","PeriodicalId":126933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123117759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
placebo. For the entire seven weeks, the subjects filled out daily questionnaires concerning their defecation and fecal conditions and weekly questionnaires concerning their health conditions. Subjects with slight constipation significantly increased their frequency of defecation, the number of days with defecation, and the amount of defecation during the test period when they received the beverage containing indigestible dextrin, as compared to the control period (n=12). Moreover, these subjects also significantly increased their number of days with defecation compared to those when consuming the placebo beverage. The health conditions questionnaire also showed an improvement in constipation when the subjects consumed the beverage containing indigestible dextrin.
{"title":"The effects of a dessert beverage supplemented with indigestible dextrin on defecation and health conditions in female students.","authors":"M. Kishimoto, T. Unno, Y. Tanaka","doi":"10.11217/JJDF2004.11.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11217/JJDF2004.11.23","url":null,"abstract":"placebo. For the entire seven weeks, the subjects filled out daily questionnaires concerning their defecation and fecal conditions and weekly questionnaires concerning their health conditions. Subjects with slight constipation significantly increased their frequency of defecation, the number of days with defecation, and the amount of defecation during the test period when they received the beverage containing indigestible dextrin, as compared to the control period (n=12). Moreover, these subjects also significantly increased their number of days with defecation compared to those when consuming the placebo beverage. The health conditions questionnaire also showed an improvement in constipation when the subjects consumed the beverage containing indigestible dextrin.","PeriodicalId":126933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115685368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present paper, I summarize the data suggesting the effects of dietary fiber on the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The chemical and physical properties of dietary fibers are associated with gastrointestinal functions that have important metabolic implications for health. Both properties of dietary fiber include viscosity, bulking capacity and fermentability. These properties are associated with morphological changes, crypt cell production, intestinal mucin secretion, the activity of small intestinal brush border enzymes and gastrointestinal peptides (gut hormones). A variety of experimental method will lead to different observations. This discrepancy may be due to the level and type of fiber added. Further studies are needed to establish the effect of human gastrointestinal tract by the adequate experimental conditions. It is also expected that these observation are adopted to the clinical nutrition such as prevention of metabolic syndrome, parenteral nutrition, and gut disease.
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Fiber on the Function of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract","authors":"S. Aoe","doi":"10.11217/JJDF2004.10.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11217/JJDF2004.10.53","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, I summarize the data suggesting the effects of dietary fiber on the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The chemical and physical properties of dietary fibers are associated with gastrointestinal functions that have important metabolic implications for health. Both properties of dietary fiber include viscosity, bulking capacity and fermentability. These properties are associated with morphological changes, crypt cell production, intestinal mucin secretion, the activity of small intestinal brush border enzymes and gastrointestinal peptides (gut hormones). A variety of experimental method will lead to different observations. This discrepancy may be due to the level and type of fiber added. Further studies are needed to establish the effect of human gastrointestinal tract by the adequate experimental conditions. It is also expected that these observation are adopted to the clinical nutrition such as prevention of metabolic syndrome, parenteral nutrition, and gut disease.","PeriodicalId":126933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research","volume":"129 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124244170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examined the effect of fat and oil intake during growth period on preferential fat intake in adult rats using high-fat diet (HFD) with cellulose added to maintain the same metabolizable energy concentration as low-fat diet (LFD). Four groups of 4 week-old male Fischer 344 rats were fed either LFD (LFD group) or one of three kinds of HFD with cellulose added (lard HFD, soybean oil HFD and fish oil HFD group). After 8 weeks, three HFD groups were placed on a self-selection regimen of LFD and each HFD for 3 weeks to examine the ratio of HFD and LFD intake. No significant difference in calorie intake and body weight was observed among all groups through the experimental period. However, during self-selection period, ratio of HFD intake (HFD intake (g)/total intake (g)J for fish oil HFD group was lower than that of lard and soybean oil HFD group. Within first week after self-selection regimen, the ratio for lard HFD, soybean oil HFD and fish oil HFD group was 50%, 30% and 17%, respectively. However, the ratio for lard and soybean oil HFD group decreased and reached about 20% within third week after self-selection regimen. The amount of fat intake was calculated 6g/100g diet. These findings indicated that (1) lard HFD has food properties preferable to soybean oil HFD and fish oil HFD, (2) HFD with cellulose added to maintain the same metabolizable energy concentration as LFD guards against overfeeding of fats.
{"title":"Effect of Lard, Soybean Oil and Fish Oil High-Fat Diet during Growth Period on Preferential Fat Intake in Adult Rats","authors":"Y. Nakashima","doi":"10.11217/JJDF2004.10.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11217/JJDF2004.10.73","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the effect of fat and oil intake during growth period on preferential fat intake in adult rats using high-fat diet (HFD) with cellulose added to maintain the same metabolizable energy concentration as low-fat diet (LFD). Four groups of 4 week-old male Fischer 344 rats were fed either LFD (LFD group) or one of three kinds of HFD with cellulose added (lard HFD, soybean oil HFD and fish oil HFD group). After 8 weeks, three HFD groups were placed on a self-selection regimen of LFD and each HFD for 3 weeks to examine the ratio of HFD and LFD intake. No significant difference in calorie intake and body weight was observed among all groups through the experimental period. However, during self-selection period, ratio of HFD intake (HFD intake (g)/total intake (g)J for fish oil HFD group was lower than that of lard and soybean oil HFD group. Within first week after self-selection regimen, the ratio for lard HFD, soybean oil HFD and fish oil HFD group was 50%, 30% and 17%, respectively. However, the ratio for lard and soybean oil HFD group decreased and reached about 20% within third week after self-selection regimen. The amount of fat intake was calculated 6g/100g diet. These findings indicated that (1) lard HFD has food properties preferable to soybean oil HFD and fish oil HFD, (2) HFD with cellulose added to maintain the same metabolizable energy concentration as LFD guards against overfeeding of fats.","PeriodicalId":126933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115022400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazumi Mochida, T. Kuribayashi, T. Kondo, Tsuyoshi Ito, R. Ando, M. Sugawara
{"title":"Effect of Raw and Heat-moisture-treated High-amylose Corn Starch on Bile Acids Excretion in Rat Fed High Fat and Cholesterol Diet.","authors":"Kazumi Mochida, T. Kuribayashi, T. Kondo, Tsuyoshi Ito, R. Ando, M. Sugawara","doi":"10.11217/JJDF2004.10.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11217/JJDF2004.10.65","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":126933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116269898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Brown, Masaru Yotsuzuka, A. Birkett, A. Henriksson
{"title":"Prebiotics, synbiotics and resistant starch.","authors":"I. Brown, Masaru Yotsuzuka, A. Birkett, A. Henriksson","doi":"10.11217/JJDF2004.10.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11217/JJDF2004.10.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":126933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123316973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kiriyama, K. Ebihara, S. Ikegami, S. Innami, Yoko Katayama, F. Takehisa
The present review refers to the proposal for resolving the confusion on concept of dietary fiber in the world. The working committee established by Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research (JDF) in 1997 first overviewed the changes of discussions on the definition, terminology and classification of dietary fiber conducted in different countries since 1972. Further reviewing has been carried out concerning the physiological significance and classification of new indigestible substances appearing year by year with the proceedings of the researches in this field. Based on the discussions, the committee members agreed that the term "dietary fiber" is inappropriate as a term which covers all indigestible components. The "luminacoids" was designed, as a comprehensive term that covers all such components, including dietary fiber in the conventional meaning. This comprehensive terminology should be classified into starch and non-starch components. Dietary fiber is a major component of non-starch substances and can be sub-classified into polysaccharides and lignin. Thus, the definition of "luminacoids" is proposed as follows: "dietary components which are not digested and/or absorbed in the human small intestine and which exert physiological effect that are useful in maintaining good health via the gastrointestinal tract". After presenting the proposal to the Annual Meeting of JDF in 1998 and 1999, it was finally approved at the 6th Annual Meeting in November 2000. We further describe the significance of new proposal by JDF , and also compare and discuss about these advantages and drawbacks of each revised definition of dietary fiber proposed currently by five international organizations and other investigators.
{"title":"Searching for the Definition, Terminology and Classification of Dietary Fiber and the New Proposal from Japan","authors":"S. Kiriyama, K. Ebihara, S. Ikegami, S. Innami, Yoko Katayama, F. Takehisa","doi":"10.11217/JJDF2004.10.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11217/JJDF2004.10.11","url":null,"abstract":"The present review refers to the proposal for resolving the confusion on concept of dietary fiber in the world. The working committee established by Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research (JDF) in 1997 first overviewed the changes of discussions on the definition, terminology and classification of dietary fiber conducted in different countries since 1972. Further reviewing has been carried out concerning the physiological significance and classification of new indigestible substances appearing year by year with the proceedings of the researches in this field. Based on the discussions, the committee members agreed that the term \"dietary fiber\" is inappropriate as a term which covers all indigestible components. The \"luminacoids\" was designed, as a comprehensive term that covers all such components, including dietary fiber in the conventional meaning. This comprehensive terminology should be classified into starch and non-starch components. Dietary fiber is a major component of non-starch substances and can be sub-classified into polysaccharides and lignin. Thus, the definition of \"luminacoids\" is proposed as follows: \"dietary components which are not digested and/or absorbed in the human small intestine and which exert physiological effect that are useful in maintaining good health via the gastrointestinal tract\". After presenting the proposal to the Annual Meeting of JDF in 1998 and 1999, it was finally approved at the 6th Annual Meeting in November 2000. We further describe the significance of new proposal by JDF , and also compare and discuss about these advantages and drawbacks of each revised definition of dietary fiber proposed currently by five international organizations and other investigators.","PeriodicalId":126933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133868047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ikegami, A. Hosoda, Yuko Tosen, Miki Umeki, Kazuhiko Yamada
Effects of viscous dietary fibers on the digestive organs were investigated in 5 week aged rats. Rats were fed the diets containing cellulose, pectin, tamarind gum or sodium alginate at 4.78% as Prosky dietary fiber for 19 days. After feeding, weights of digestive organs and activities of digestive enzymes in the pancreas and small intestinal mucosa were determined. 1. The weight gains were lower in the groups fed viscous dietary fibers compared with cellulose group, significantly lower in sodium alginate group. 2. The weights of small intestine and cecum were significantly higher in the groups of viscous dietary fibers than the cellulose group. The stomach was significantly heavier in the sodium alginate group and colon was significantly heavier in the pectin and sodium alginate groups. 3. The protease activity in the pancreas was higher in the sodium alginate group compared with other groups. 4. Disaccharidase activities in the jejunal mucosa were lower in the groups of viscous dietary fibers than in the cellulose group, whereas the disaccharidase activities in the duodenal mucosa were similar among the groups. Our observations suggest that the viscosity of dietary fiber was associated with the enlargement of digestive organs and the increased enzyme activity in the pancreas. However, another mechanisms may play in the mucosal enzymes of small intestine.
{"title":"Effects of Viscous Dietary Fibers on Digestive Enzymes of Pancreas and Disaccharidases of Small Intestine in Rats","authors":"S. Ikegami, A. Hosoda, Yuko Tosen, Miki Umeki, Kazuhiko Yamada","doi":"10.11217/JJDF2004.10.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11217/JJDF2004.10.25","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of viscous dietary fibers on the digestive organs were investigated in 5 week aged rats. Rats were fed the diets containing cellulose, pectin, tamarind gum or sodium alginate at 4.78% as Prosky dietary fiber for 19 days. After feeding, weights of digestive organs and activities of digestive enzymes in the pancreas and small intestinal mucosa were determined. 1. The weight gains were lower in the groups fed viscous dietary fibers compared with cellulose group, significantly lower in sodium alginate group. 2. The weights of small intestine and cecum were significantly higher in the groups of viscous dietary fibers than the cellulose group. The stomach was significantly heavier in the sodium alginate group and colon was significantly heavier in the pectin and sodium alginate groups. 3. The protease activity in the pancreas was higher in the sodium alginate group compared with other groups. 4. Disaccharidase activities in the jejunal mucosa were lower in the groups of viscous dietary fibers than in the cellulose group, whereas the disaccharidase activities in the duodenal mucosa were similar among the groups. Our observations suggest that the viscosity of dietary fiber was associated with the enlargement of digestive organs and the increased enzyme activity in the pancreas. However, another mechanisms may play in the mucosal enzymes of small intestine.","PeriodicalId":126933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134311377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akane Terabe, Tomoyuki Mishima, H. Tsuge, Takashi Wada, T. Hayakawa
{"title":"Effect of Inulins with Different Degree of Polymerization as Dietary Fiber","authors":"Akane Terabe, Tomoyuki Mishima, H. Tsuge, Takashi Wada, T. Hayakawa","doi":"10.11217/JJDF2004.9.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11217/JJDF2004.9.93","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":126933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117322874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Morita, S. Yuto, H. Motoi, T. Kishida, Shuhachi Kirryama, K. Ebihara
{"title":"Prediction of Body Composition in Growing Wistar Rats by the Measurement of Total Body Electroconductivity","authors":"T. Morita, S. Yuto, H. Motoi, T. Kishida, Shuhachi Kirryama, K. Ebihara","doi":"10.11217/JJDF2004.9.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11217/JJDF2004.9.109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":126933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research","volume":"52-54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123642918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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