Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00150
M. Pal, M. Bulcha, Adugna Girma Lema, Sena Roba Bulcha
Zoonoses caused by diverse etiological agents, are important from public health and economic point of view, and are reported in humans and animals from developing and developed nations of the world. Cryptosporidiosis is an emerging food and waterborne zoonotic protozoan disease that has been detected in both human and animal populations all over the world. The source of infection is exogenous, and the ingestion of contaminated food and water is the principal mode of transmission. The oocysts of Cryptosporidium are abundant and pervasive in ambient water, where they can survive for months. It prefers epithelial cells found in the digestive tracts of a wide range of hosts. Waterborne transmission through drinking water or a swimming pool is common, resulting in outbreaks in several nations throughout the world. The disease can manifest itself in sporadic or epidemic forms. The infection has been recorded in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. The watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, anorexia and low grade fever are most commonly observed symptoms. The laboratory help is required to make an unequivocal diagnosis of disease. The preventive strategies include excellent hygienic measures to avoid the contamination of food and water by oocysts of Cryptosporidium. In addition, the role of veterinarian is highly imperative for the management of disease in domestic animals.
{"title":"Cryptospordiosis: An infectious emerging protozoan zoonosis of public health significance","authors":"M. Pal, M. Bulcha, Adugna Girma Lema, Sena Roba Bulcha","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00150","url":null,"abstract":"Zoonoses caused by diverse etiological agents, are important from public health and economic point of view, and are reported in humans and animals from developing and developed nations of the world. Cryptosporidiosis is an emerging food and waterborne zoonotic protozoan disease that has been detected in both human and animal populations all over the world. The source of infection is exogenous, and the ingestion of contaminated food and water is the principal mode of transmission. The oocysts of Cryptosporidium are abundant and pervasive in ambient water, where they can survive for months. It prefers epithelial cells found in the digestive tracts of a wide range of hosts. Waterborne transmission through drinking water or a swimming pool is common, resulting in outbreaks in several nations throughout the world. The disease can manifest itself in sporadic or epidemic forms. The infection has been recorded in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. The watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, anorexia and low grade fever are most commonly observed symptoms. The laboratory help is required to make an unequivocal diagnosis of disease. The preventive strategies include excellent hygienic measures to avoid the contamination of food and water by oocysts of Cryptosporidium. In addition, the role of veterinarian is highly imperative for the management of disease in domestic animals.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124393848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00141
Mohammed N Q Al-Bana, Q. Abdullah, Saad Al-Arnoot, Abdul-Rahman Homid, Rua’a MY Alsayaghi, Mofeed Al-Nowihi, Assem Al-Thobahni
Herpes simplex virus type 2 is the common cause of genital ulcer disease worldwide. Genital herpes infection is a major concern in pregnancy due to the risk of neonatal transmission. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted from August 2016 to March 2017 in some hospitals and health centers to assess the seroprevalence and risk factors of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Dhamar city, Yemen. After taking written consent, socio-demographic, behavioral and obstetric history along with blood samples were collected from 200 pregnant women using a pre-structured questionnaire. Sera were analyzed for HSV-2 specific IgG using Electro-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA) method. Results: The overall seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection was 6 % (12/200) among pregnant women in Dhamar city. Levels of education and some obstetrical history such as numbers previous abortion (P=0.03), stillbirth (P=0.001). Although the study showed, there are significant differences in some symptoms, such as itching (P=0.02) and inflammation during urination (P=0.03). Conclusion: Overall, the seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection among pregnant women in Dhamar city is low. There is a critical need to adopt screening of HSV-2 into the antenatal profile tests. There is also need for more health education of this virus infection, methods of transmission, associated risk factors, and effective prevention and control strategies.
{"title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors of herpes simplex virus type 2 among pregnant women in Dhamar city, Yemen","authors":"Mohammed N Q Al-Bana, Q. Abdullah, Saad Al-Arnoot, Abdul-Rahman Homid, Rua’a MY Alsayaghi, Mofeed Al-Nowihi, Assem Al-Thobahni","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00141","url":null,"abstract":"Herpes simplex virus type 2 is the common cause of genital ulcer disease worldwide. Genital herpes infection is a major concern in pregnancy due to the risk of neonatal transmission. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted from August 2016 to March 2017 in some hospitals and health centers to assess the seroprevalence and risk factors of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Dhamar city, Yemen. After taking written consent, socio-demographic, behavioral and obstetric history along with blood samples were collected from 200 pregnant women using a pre-structured questionnaire. Sera were analyzed for HSV-2 specific IgG using Electro-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA) method. Results: The overall seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection was 6 % (12/200) among pregnant women in Dhamar city. Levels of education and some obstetrical history such as numbers previous abortion (P=0.03), stillbirth (P=0.001). Although the study showed, there are significant differences in some symptoms, such as itching (P=0.02) and inflammation during urination (P=0.03). Conclusion: Overall, the seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection among pregnant women in Dhamar city is low. There is a critical need to adopt screening of HSV-2 into the antenatal profile tests. There is also need for more health education of this virus infection, methods of transmission, associated risk factors, and effective prevention and control strategies.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"65 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123042028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of heavy metals on soil microbial processes. The effects of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) at different concentrations were investigated over a period of eight weeks. Chloride salts of Pb and Cd were added singly and in combination to soil samples at room temperature (270C) in different polythene bags. Samples were taken from the bags at two weeks interval and measurements were taken of the microbial biomass carbon (MBC). The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the microbial biomass carbon for all treated soils from the second week to the sixth week. But there was an observed increase in microbial biomass carbon on the eight week. At the sixth week, 2000mgkg-1Pb and 40mgkg-1Cd gave the most significant decrease (P < 0.05) in microbial biomass carbon of 98%.
{"title":"Effects of heavy metals on soil microbial biomass carbon","authors":"Abubakar, Edogbanya Pro, mohammaed suleiman, OlorunmolaJB","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2019.04.00109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2019.04.00109","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of heavy metals on soil microbial processes. The effects of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) at different concentrations were investigated over a period of eight weeks. Chloride salts of Pb and Cd were added singly and in combination to soil samples at room temperature (270C) in different polythene bags. Samples were taken from the bags at two weeks interval and measurements were taken of the microbial biomass carbon (MBC). The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the microbial biomass carbon for all treated soils from the second week to the sixth week. But there was an observed increase in microbial biomass carbon on the eight week. At the sixth week, 2000mgkg-1Pb and 40mgkg-1Cd gave the most significant decrease (P < 0.05) in microbial biomass carbon of 98%.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125376342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00129
S. Soleimani, H. Nazem, M. Fazilati, Mohammad Pezeshki Modarres, Seyed Mohammad Atyabi
Tissue engineering has developed strategy for the repair and regeneration of a variety of tissues. The demand for effective treatment strategies of cartilage cause to autologous human Mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) used for the repair of cartilage defects. In this study effect of some factors on human MSCs for differentiation to chondrocyte were surveyed such as Present of Poly Ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous scaffold and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), also effect and amount of synovial fluid were evaluated. In this experimental study cell culture for differentiation assay performed in 6 well pellets by DMEM high glucose medium with a supplement of 10% FBS and synovial fluid 5% and 10% of medium add to pellets for 21 days. Total cellular RNA extracted was used for analysis by RT-PCR. Alcian blue staining confirmed the chondrogenic differentiation. MTT assay results in this study showed that the cells proliferation gradually increased from 1st day to 21st days on the electrospun nanofibrous scaffold. Cellular attachment and proliferation of hMSCs showed higher rate on PCL substrate, modified with Helium cold atmospheric plasma, compared to the unmodified and control group at the first day to 21st days. Chondrogenic differentiation confirmed by alcian blue staining, and show high degree of conversion to the chondrocyte. MTT assay and the expression of chondrogenic specific genes Collagen type П and Has-2 in comparison with control groups demonstrated cell survival ability, proliferation and cell differentiation by synovial fluid.
组织工程已经为各种组织的修复和再生制定了策略。自体人间充质干细胞(hMSC)用于软骨缺损的修复需要有效的软骨治疗策略。本研究考察了聚纳米纤维支架(Present of Poly Ɛ-caprolactone, PCL)和冷大气等离子体(cold atmospheric plasma, CAP)等因子对人间充质干细胞向软骨细胞分化的影响，并对滑液的作用和用量进行了评价。本实验采用DMEM高糖培养基，在6孔微球中添加10%胎牛血清和5%滑液，并在微球中添加10%培养基，培养细胞21天。提取细胞总RNA进行RT-PCR分析。阿利新蓝染色证实软骨分化。本研究的MTT实验结果显示，细胞在静电纺纳米纤维支架上的增殖从第1天到第21天逐渐增加。第1 ~ 21天，经氦冷常压等离子体修饰的PCL底物上hMSCs的细胞附着和增殖率高于未修饰的PCL底物和对照组。阿利新蓝染色证实软骨细胞分化，并显示高度转化为软骨细胞。与对照组相比，MTT试验和软骨形成特异性基因Collagen type П和Has-2的表达显示了滑膜液作用下细胞的存活能力、增殖能力和细胞分化能力。
{"title":"Survey differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell to chondrocyte using synovial fluid and coldatmospheric plasma treated nanofibrous pcl substrate","authors":"S. Soleimani, H. Nazem, M. Fazilati, Mohammad Pezeshki Modarres, Seyed Mohammad Atyabi","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00129","url":null,"abstract":"Tissue engineering has developed strategy for the repair and regeneration of a variety of tissues. The demand for effective treatment strategies of cartilage cause to autologous human Mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) used for the repair of cartilage defects. In this study effect of some factors on human MSCs for differentiation to chondrocyte were surveyed such as Present of Poly Ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous scaffold and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), also effect and amount of synovial fluid were evaluated. In this experimental study cell culture for differentiation assay performed in 6 well pellets by DMEM high glucose medium with a supplement of 10% FBS and synovial fluid 5% and 10% of medium add to pellets for 21 days. Total cellular RNA extracted was used for analysis by RT-PCR. Alcian blue staining confirmed the chondrogenic differentiation. MTT assay results in this study showed that the cells proliferation gradually increased from 1st day to 21st days on the electrospun nanofibrous scaffold. Cellular attachment and proliferation of hMSCs showed higher rate on PCL substrate, modified with Helium cold atmospheric plasma, compared to the unmodified and control group at the first day to 21st days. Chondrogenic differentiation confirmed by alcian blue staining, and show high degree of conversion to the chondrocyte. MTT assay and the expression of chondrogenic specific genes Collagen type П and Has-2 in comparison with control groups demonstrated cell survival ability, proliferation and cell differentiation by synovial fluid.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125445035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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