Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00133
Shahad Faisal Halabi
performance.4 Nurses’ judgements and decisions are closely related to each other.5 While Jacavone et al.6 indicated in their study that nursing judgement is used to manage cardiac pain, there is a lack of knowledge and information about how nurses judge pain levels. According to Herr et al.7 addressed that there is a need to improve the skills and knowledge of healthcare professionals, with the aim of conducting comprehensive pain assessments and understanding various methods to improve health outcomes.
{"title":"Measurement plan: Icu nurses’ challenges in implementing a pain assessment tool with adult non-verbal patients","authors":"Shahad Faisal Halabi","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00133","url":null,"abstract":"performance.4 Nurses’ judgements and decisions are closely related to each other.5 While Jacavone et al.6 indicated in their study that nursing judgement is used to manage cardiac pain, there is a lack of knowledge and information about how nurses judge pain levels. According to Herr et al.7 addressed that there is a need to improve the skills and knowledge of healthcare professionals, with the aim of conducting comprehensive pain assessments and understanding various methods to improve health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114402336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00143
M. Pal, M. Bulcha, Wakuma Mitiku Bune
The etiological diagnosis of COVID-19 is only feasible by detecting nucleic acid content (i.e., RNA) of SARS-CoV-2 in the biological samples, which is an almost logical result of this clear connotation.5,6 Despite the fact that the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test has become the gold standard for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection thoroughout the world. However, these real-time PCR test kits have a number of drawbacks. Aside from the sample collection and transportation limitations, as well as kit results, the overall positive rate of RT-PCR for throat swab samples was estimated to be between 30% and 60% at first presentation. There are two types of SARS–CoV-2 experiments: those that detect the virus itself and those that detect the host’s reaction to the virus. While the virus can be cultured, this is a dangerous procedure that is not done in clinical laboratories on a regular basis.5-7
{"title":"Challenges in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection","authors":"M. Pal, M. Bulcha, Wakuma Mitiku Bune","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00143","url":null,"abstract":"The etiological diagnosis of COVID-19 is only feasible by detecting nucleic acid content (i.e., RNA) of SARS-CoV-2 in the biological samples, which is an almost logical result of this clear connotation.5,6 Despite the fact that the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test has become the gold standard for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection thoroughout the world. However, these real-time PCR test kits have a number of drawbacks. Aside from the sample collection and transportation limitations, as well as kit results, the overall positive rate of RT-PCR for throat swab samples was estimated to be between 30% and 60% at first presentation. There are two types of SARS–CoV-2 experiments: those that detect the virus itself and those that detect the host’s reaction to the virus. While the virus can be cultured, this is a dangerous procedure that is not done in clinical laboratories on a regular basis.5-7","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133197733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2019.04.00110
Chee Kong Yap, Muskhazli Mustafa
According to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, GS is defined as “A subject or course of study in school or college in which the elements of several sciences are studied.” The elements of several sciences include knowledge of biology, physics, chemistry and mathematics. Whitman1 highlighted the importance of GS in education. In an undergraduate GS course, Kim et al.2 used active learning modules by incorporating group-based learning with authentic tasks, scaffolding, and individual reports. Their study suggested that the active learning strategies employed in the study were useful to promote students’ critical thinking. Therefore, the fundamental knowledge of GS can be applied to foster a mixture of learning skills including students’ critical thinking.
{"title":"From general sciences to applied sciences: some notes","authors":"Chee Kong Yap, Muskhazli Mustafa","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2019.04.00110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2019.04.00110","url":null,"abstract":"According to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, GS is defined as “A subject or course of study in school or college in which the elements of several sciences are studied.” The elements of several sciences include knowledge of biology, physics, chemistry and mathematics. Whitman1 highlighted the importance of GS in education. In an undergraduate GS course, Kim et al.2 used active learning modules by incorporating group-based learning with authentic tasks, scaffolding, and individual reports. Their study suggested that the active learning strategies employed in the study were useful to promote students’ critical thinking. Therefore, the fundamental knowledge of GS can be applied to foster a mixture of learning skills including students’ critical thinking.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125818100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2019.04.00106
L. Rana, D. Sood, Pooja Gurnal, Manjuswamy Hr
Cake kidney or complete crossed fused renal ectopia refers to complete fusion of both kidneys and remain on the same side of the midline. It is due to failure of normal renal ascent during embryogenesis with fusion of kidneys within the renal pelvis.1,2 We present a case of 18years old male with heaviness in right lumbar region and CECT was done which showed complete crossed renal ectopia.3
{"title":"Cake kidney-complete crossed fused ectopia","authors":"L. Rana, D. Sood, Pooja Gurnal, Manjuswamy Hr","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2019.04.00106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2019.04.00106","url":null,"abstract":"Cake kidney or complete crossed fused renal ectopia refers to complete fusion of both kidneys and remain on the same side of the midline. It is due to failure of normal renal ascent during embryogenesis with fusion of kidneys within the renal pelvis.1,2 We present a case of 18years old male with heaviness in right lumbar region and CECT was done which showed complete crossed renal ectopia.3","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114413183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00144
I. Maslarski, G. Ingilizova
In the event of a global approach to neuroanatomy and its place in the teaching programme during anatomy, this case will not have a consistent response and a panacea for the exact model of teaching. Neuroanatomy can be included in a spiral-like and teaching aiming to consistently further develop knowledge along the years of study, not to be included as an isolating topic. This study introduces a model for the prevention of psychoactive dependence and its integration in the field of neuroanatomy. The model is expressed in six phases.
{"title":"Model of integration in the prevention of psychoactive dependence during the study of anatomy","authors":"I. Maslarski, G. Ingilizova","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00144","url":null,"abstract":"In the event of a global approach to neuroanatomy and its place in the teaching programme during anatomy, this case will not have a consistent response and a panacea for the exact model of teaching. Neuroanatomy can be included in a spiral-like and teaching aiming to consistently further develop knowledge along the years of study, not to be included as an isolating topic. This study introduces a model for the prevention of psychoactive dependence and its integration in the field of neuroanatomy. The model is expressed in six phases.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123231372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00128
Marie Claire Cammaerts, R. Cammaerts
Dextromethorphan, the currently preferred cough drug, tested on ants used as biological models, decreased the food consumption of these insects, increased their sinuosity of movement, reduced their tactile (pain) perception, and impacted their social relationships. It did not affect the ants’ orientation ability, audacity, cognition, conditioning acquisition and memory. The ants did not adapt themselves to the side effects of dextromethorphan and became dependent on its consumption. The effect of the drug quickly and linearly decreased after weaning, becoming very weak after 4 – 6 hours and null after 10 – 12 hours. Dextromethorphan led to dependence, what can also occur in humans. Being safer than previously used cough drugs, dextromethorphan can be consumed for treating dry cough, but in order to prevent dependence, should be used only at therapeutic doses and during a limited time.
{"title":"Side effects of the cough drug dextromethorphan, studied on ants as models ","authors":"Marie Claire Cammaerts, R. Cammaerts","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00128","url":null,"abstract":"Dextromethorphan, the currently preferred cough drug, tested on ants used as biological models, decreased the food consumption of these insects, increased their sinuosity of movement, reduced their tactile (pain) perception, and impacted their social relationships. It did not affect the ants’ orientation ability, audacity, cognition, conditioning acquisition and memory. The ants did not adapt themselves to the side effects of dextromethorphan and became dependent on its consumption. The effect of the drug quickly and linearly decreased after weaning, becoming very weak after 4 – 6 hours and null after 10 – 12 hours. Dextromethorphan led to dependence, what can also occur in humans. Being safer than previously used cough drugs, dextromethorphan can be consumed for treating dry cough, but in order to prevent dependence, should be used only at therapeutic doses and during a limited time.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124405535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00124
S. Thapa
Sherpa community are the oldest ethnic groups of Himalayas and chiefly known for their ability to climb mountains and their knowledge on medicinal plants found in the high Himalayas. The main objective of this study was to document the medicinal plants available for trade-in Itahari. The study reported 40 species of medicinal plants belonging to 34 families from an interview with twelve herbal traders. The habit of the medicinal plant recorded were herbs (53%), trees (20%), shrubs (13%), vines (8%), fungus (5%), and lichen (3%). Herbal medicines were mostly found for curing minor diseases like cuts, wounds to major diseases like jaundice, typhoid, and also cancer. The knowledge of ethnomedicinal plants has been preserved from ancestors to ancestors, is still in existence and are also spreading towards their younger generations. Furthermore, More researches should be done to access the medicinal plants traded across the country and also their conservation strategy followed by the ethnic community during the collection of medicinal plants.
{"title":"Accessing the himalayan herbs traded in the streets of itahari by sherpa community of Taplejung, Nepal","authors":"S. Thapa","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00124","url":null,"abstract":"Sherpa community are the oldest ethnic groups of Himalayas and chiefly known for their ability to climb mountains and their knowledge on medicinal plants found in the high Himalayas. The main objective of this study was to document the medicinal plants available for trade-in Itahari. The study reported 40 species of medicinal plants belonging to 34 families from an interview with twelve herbal traders. The habit of the medicinal plant recorded were herbs (53%), trees (20%), shrubs (13%), vines (8%), fungus (5%), and lichen (3%). Herbal medicines were mostly found for curing minor diseases like cuts, wounds to major diseases like jaundice, typhoid, and also cancer. The knowledge of ethnomedicinal plants has been preserved from ancestors to ancestors, is still in existence and are also spreading towards their younger generations. Furthermore, More researches should be done to access the medicinal plants traded across the country and also their conservation strategy followed by the ethnic community during the collection of medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132384503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00130
N. Pankaj
very suitable habitation for amphibian species. Rest of the areas of Gaya district is plain land utilizes for agricultural purpose as well for human habitation. The Gaya District with Barachatti and Dumaria dense forest showing high percent of rainfall, more humidity and low temperature as well the mixed scrub forest and deciduous forest. The plain land of Gaya district used for variety of crop pattern such as Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestivum), Maize (Zea mays), Mung (Vigna radiata), Pigeon pea (Citer species) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) provides the ideal environment and habitats for the amphibians. These variety of habitatas are the home to diverse group of amphibian species and also used for various purposes such as food and home ground etc. These sites of Gaya district are rich in herpatofauna (Amphibians and reptiles) coinhibiting with wide range of biodiversity of different other species.1 Due to deforestation and changing in agricultural pattern of this area adversely affect the various fauna of this area but its impact on amphibian fauna is remaining unknown in the study area. There are 8,230 Amphibians species have been reported around the world,2 out of which 439 amphibian species (398 frogs, 2 salamanders and 39 caecilians) found in India.3 Recently Denesh et al.,4 prepared a checklist of amphibian species found in India and described them,4 however there is very less description about the amphibian species of Bihar state.
{"title":"Habitat preferences and species diversity of anuran amphibians of Gaya India","authors":"N. Pankaj","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00130","url":null,"abstract":"very suitable habitation for amphibian species. Rest of the areas of Gaya district is plain land utilizes for agricultural purpose as well for human habitation. The Gaya District with Barachatti and Dumaria dense forest showing high percent of rainfall, more humidity and low temperature as well the mixed scrub forest and deciduous forest. The plain land of Gaya district used for variety of crop pattern such as Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestivum), Maize (Zea mays), Mung (Vigna radiata), Pigeon pea (Citer species) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) provides the ideal environment and habitats for the amphibians. These variety of habitatas are the home to diverse group of amphibian species and also used for various purposes such as food and home ground etc. These sites of Gaya district are rich in herpatofauna (Amphibians and reptiles) coinhibiting with wide range of biodiversity of different other species.1 Due to deforestation and changing in agricultural pattern of this area adversely affect the various fauna of this area but its impact on amphibian fauna is remaining unknown in the study area. There are 8,230 Amphibians species have been reported around the world,2 out of which 439 amphibian species (398 frogs, 2 salamanders and 39 caecilians) found in India.3 Recently Denesh et al.,4 prepared a checklist of amphibian species found in India and described them,4 however there is very less description about the amphibian species of Bihar state.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115597360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00137
M. Khan, Muhammad Salman, Sohail Ahmad Jan, Zabta Khan Shinwari
Worldwide, emergence of new resistant fungal phytopathogens and use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides for the protection of crops lead to serious environmental issues. Due to these problems, the need to explore alternative management approaches that are not only successful but also less harmful to the environment is of paramount importance. Bacillus species are a good candidate for use as a biocontrol agent against these fungal phytopathogens because they produce various types of antimicrobial substances and their environmentally friendly behavior. This article provides basic knowledge of Bacillus spp. biocontrol agents, tools for identification of their biocontrol agents and techniques for screening of Bacillus spp. against fungal phytopathogens based on current findings. Specifically, if thoroughly explored, Bacillus will remove the existing commonly used control agents such as fungicides, harmful cultural activities of health and control phytopathogens in the ecosystem.
{"title":"Biological control of fungal phytopathogens: A comprehensive review based on Bacillus species","authors":"M. Khan, Muhammad Salman, Sohail Ahmad Jan, Zabta Khan Shinwari","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00137","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, emergence of new resistant fungal phytopathogens and use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides for the protection of crops lead to serious environmental issues. Due to these problems, the need to explore alternative management approaches that are not only successful but also less harmful to the environment is of paramount importance. Bacillus species are a good candidate for use as a biocontrol agent against these fungal phytopathogens because they produce various types of antimicrobial substances and their environmentally friendly behavior. This article provides basic knowledge of Bacillus spp. biocontrol agents, tools for identification of their biocontrol agents and techniques for screening of Bacillus spp. against fungal phytopathogens based on current findings. Specifically, if thoroughly explored, Bacillus will remove the existing commonly used control agents such as fungicides, harmful cultural activities of health and control phytopathogens in the ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"411 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115923166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/MOJBM.2021.06.00127
R. Chourasiya, S. Bhattacharyya, P. Dighe, A. Banik, A. Raj
Cow dung is used commonly in rural and periurban households in India for many purposes like for cooking and mopping floors. However it can contain many pathogenic bacteria and parasites like Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium spp. and Entamoeba histolytica that can be infectious to the handlers and farmers. Hence one should be very careful while handling these. Thus a study of pathogenic microbial flora in cow dung is of utmost public health importance in our country and very little literature is available regard it. Hence, we here have tried to summarize available information in this aspect.
{"title":"Pathogenic bacteria and parasites of human importance from cow dung","authors":"R. Chourasiya, S. Bhattacharyya, P. Dighe, A. Banik, A. Raj","doi":"10.15406/MOJBM.2021.06.00127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJBM.2021.06.00127","url":null,"abstract":"Cow dung is used commonly in rural and periurban households in India for many purposes like for cooking and mopping floors. However it can contain many pathogenic bacteria and parasites like Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium spp. and Entamoeba histolytica that can be infectious to the handlers and farmers. Hence one should be very careful while handling these. Thus a study of pathogenic microbial flora in cow dung is of utmost public health importance in our country and very little literature is available regard it. Hence, we here have tried to summarize available information in this aspect.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127439496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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