Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00146
C. Yap, S. Peng, C. W. Yap, W. Tan, M. S. Ismail
The purpose of this paper is to discuss Cu and Zn concentrations in Perna viridis soft tissues from the western and eastern parts of Johore Singapore Causeway. The polluted eastern portion of the Causeway had greater levels of Cu and Zn in different areas of the soft tissues of mussels than the western part. This indicated the eastern section of the semi-enclosed Causeway had higher Cu and Zn bioavailability than the western part. With some reports of high metal levels in the eastern part of the Causeway from 2015 to 2018, it is predicted that there will be a plausible constant source of anthropogenic metal contamination in the eastern part of the Causeway beyond 2030 if anthropogenic activities are not effectively controlled.
{"title":"Higher bioavailability of Cu and Zn in the eastern part of Johore Causeway: Will the pattern remain the same beyond 2030?","authors":"C. Yap, S. Peng, C. W. Yap, W. Tan, M. S. Ismail","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00146","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to discuss Cu and Zn concentrations in Perna viridis soft tissues from the western and eastern parts of Johore Singapore Causeway. The polluted eastern portion of the Causeway had greater levels of Cu and Zn in different areas of the soft tissues of mussels than the western part. This indicated the eastern section of the semi-enclosed Causeway had higher Cu and Zn bioavailability than the western part. With some reports of high metal levels in the eastern part of the Causeway from 2015 to 2018, it is predicted that there will be a plausible constant source of anthropogenic metal contamination in the eastern part of the Causeway beyond 2030 if anthropogenic activities are not effectively controlled.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128539607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00122
Shreya Shreshtha
Ferroptosis is a regulated process impelled by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. It is a new type of cell destruction processes including apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. It demonstrates mainly the contraction of mitochondria and expansion of mitochondrial membrane density which does not lead to any alteration in morphology. Due to the malfunctioning of ferroptosis several disorders arise which includes damage of one or more nerve which leads to numbness and muscle weakness whereas ischemia reperfusion injury, acute kidney failure and cancer also occurs. Also, ferroptosis is induced in large number of cancer cells through series of small molecules which helps in to bringing out this process. In scientific research and medicine many findings contribute in the chance of defeating cancer by genetic or pharmacological interference with ferroptosis cell death which is appealing for various researches. There are multiple pathways and cell organelles which plays a role in ferroptosis regulation. Ongoing studies on ferroptosis have demonstrated its role in humans though its mechanism is not yet clear. Recently, various studies have encouraged the role of this newly emerged cell death process and also showed some effective usage in the treatment of cancer. Here, we review the mitochondrial aspect of ferroptosis as well as discuss on the role of ferroptosis in Cancer cell therapy. We will also aim on the future scope of ferroptosis in the treatment of Cancer as well as discuss about the problems related to its clinical role which may trigger the cancer cell therapy.
{"title":"Ferroptosis and its facet in Cancer therapy","authors":"Shreya Shreshtha","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00122","url":null,"abstract":"Ferroptosis is a regulated process impelled by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. It is a new type of cell destruction processes including apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. It demonstrates mainly the contraction of mitochondria and expansion of mitochondrial membrane density which does not lead to any alteration in morphology. Due to the malfunctioning of ferroptosis several disorders arise which includes damage of one or more nerve which leads to numbness and muscle weakness whereas ischemia reperfusion injury, acute kidney failure and cancer also occurs. Also, ferroptosis is induced in large number of cancer cells through series of small molecules which helps in to bringing out this process. In scientific research and medicine many findings contribute in the chance of defeating cancer by genetic or pharmacological interference with ferroptosis cell death which is appealing for various researches. There are multiple pathways and cell organelles which plays a role in ferroptosis regulation. Ongoing studies on ferroptosis have demonstrated its role in humans though its mechanism is not yet clear. Recently, various studies have encouraged the role of this newly emerged cell death process and also showed some effective usage in the treatment of cancer. Here, we review the mitochondrial aspect of ferroptosis as well as discuss on the role of ferroptosis in Cancer cell therapy. We will also aim on the future scope of ferroptosis in the treatment of Cancer as well as discuss about the problems related to its clinical role which may trigger the cancer cell therapy.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131175499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2019.04.00113
Edogbanya Pro, Suleiman Mo, Olorunmola Jb, Oijagbe Ij
The use of Essential Oils as antimicrobial agents have become popular over the years in an attempt to find alternative ways of dealing with strains of bacteria that have become resistant to conventional antibiotics. This study was carried out to compare the antimicrobial effects of Citrus peel essential oils obtained from Okene Main Market, 7'33'4.39'' N 6'14'9.20'' E, Kogi State, Nigeria, on the clinical isolates of some microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Pseudesomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus niger). The oils were extracted from the peels using the cold maceration method with n-hexane as the solvent. The agar diffusion method was used to test the susceptibility of the micro-organism strains using ciprofloxacin as the standard positive control. The experiment was carried out in duplicates and obtained data was analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT), with P<0.05 considered significant. The results revealed that Orange (Citrus sinensis) exhibited the inhibitoriest effect on the test isolates followed by lime (Citus aurantifolia) and Lemon (Citrus Limon) with the least significant effect.
多年来，为了找到处理对传统抗生素产生耐药性的细菌菌株的替代方法，使用精油作为抗菌剂已经变得很流行。本研究比较了产自尼日利亚科吉州Okene Main Market(7’33’4.39”N 6’14’9.20”E)的柑橘皮精油对临床分离的几种微生物(大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和黑曲霉)的抗菌作用。以正己烷为溶剂，采用冷浸法提取果皮中的油脂。采用琼脂扩散法，以环丙沙星为标准阳性对照，对菌株进行药敏试验。试验采用重复进行，所得数据采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA)和Duncan多元极差检验(DMRT)进行分析，以P<0.05为显著性。结果表明，柑桔(Citrus sinensis)对试验菌株的抑制作用最大，其次是酸橙(Citus aurantifolia)和柠檬(Citrus Limon)，其抑制作用最不显著。
{"title":"Comparative study on the antimicrobial effects of essential oils from peels of three citrus fruits","authors":"Edogbanya Pro, Suleiman Mo, Olorunmola Jb, Oijagbe Ij","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2019.04.00113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2019.04.00113","url":null,"abstract":"The use of Essential Oils as antimicrobial agents have become popular over the years in an attempt to find alternative ways of dealing with strains of bacteria that have become resistant to conventional antibiotics. This study was carried out to compare the antimicrobial effects of Citrus peel essential oils obtained from Okene Main Market, 7'33'4.39'' N 6'14'9.20'' E, Kogi State, Nigeria, on the clinical isolates of some microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Pseudesomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus niger). The oils were extracted from the peels using the cold maceration method with n-hexane as the solvent. The agar diffusion method was used to test the susceptibility of the micro-organism strains using ciprofloxacin as the standard positive control. The experiment was carried out in duplicates and obtained data was analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT), with P<0.05 considered significant. The results revealed that Orange (Citrus sinensis) exhibited the inhibitoriest effect on the test isolates followed by lime (Citus aurantifolia) and Lemon (Citrus Limon) with the least significant effect.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125406068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2019.04.00114
M. Khan, R. Khan, Sarmir Khan, Sohail Ahmad Jan, Azhar Hussain Shah, Tauseef Ahmad
At present time Zika virus is a serious emerging health problem worldwide. At first it was assumed to be an endemic disease but emergence beyond borders of Africa made it a serious issue globally. Zika virus was first time discovered in 1947 from the blood of Rhesus monkey in Uganda. The disease is mild during the first few days of infection with rash, fever, conjunctivitis and arthralgia. The transmission of virus occurs through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito but reports have also shown evidence of transmission through sexual and parental means. Till now no proper vaccines are developed for Zika virus. Zika Virus after being studied for so long for its pathology, virology, vectors, genetic diversities and its ability to co-exist with other viral strains; is still a big question for its transmission factors, viral strains, their adaptability and treatment. This review of literature was carried out to spread awareness among the general public for adversity and thus prevention of this disease globally.
{"title":"An update on zika virus: history, emergence and future aspects","authors":"M. Khan, R. Khan, Sarmir Khan, Sohail Ahmad Jan, Azhar Hussain Shah, Tauseef Ahmad","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2019.04.00114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2019.04.00114","url":null,"abstract":"At present time Zika virus is a serious emerging health problem worldwide. At first it was assumed to be an endemic disease but emergence beyond borders of Africa made it a serious issue globally. Zika virus was first time discovered in 1947 from the blood of Rhesus monkey in Uganda. The disease is mild during the first few days of infection with rash, fever, conjunctivitis and arthralgia. The transmission of virus occurs through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito but reports have also shown evidence of transmission through sexual and parental means. Till now no proper vaccines are developed for Zika virus. Zika Virus after being studied for so long for its pathology, virology, vectors, genetic diversities and its ability to co-exist with other viral strains; is still a big question for its transmission factors, viral strains, their adaptability and treatment. This review of literature was carried out to spread awareness among the general public for adversity and thus prevention of this disease globally.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115482031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00125
PD Gupta
A new virus SARS-CoV2 is responsible for Covid-19. Many existing drugs were tried but failed to treat Covid-19 patients. To begin with our immune system also couldn’t cope with Covid-19, therefore within no time it became pandemic. It is a well-known fact that our body fights against all infections and inflammations through well-organized immune system. The human immune system is made up of individual cells (T and B cells) and proteins as well as entire organs and organ systems. The organs of the immune system include skin and mucous membranes, and the organs of the lymphatic system. The skin and mucous membranes are the first line of defense against germs entering from outside the body and once the infection enter in the organs and tissues lymphatic organs take over. Additionally, here we also described gut bacteria and food to build up immunity. In this way human beings are fight against the new virus SARS-CoV2 infections.
{"title":"Immune response by the human body to SARS-CoV 2 infection","authors":"PD Gupta","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00125","url":null,"abstract":"A new virus SARS-CoV2 is responsible for Covid-19. Many existing drugs were tried but failed to treat Covid-19 patients. To begin with our immune system also couldn’t cope with Covid-19, therefore within no time it became pandemic. It is a well-known fact that our body fights against all infections and inflammations through well-organized immune system. The human immune system is made up of individual cells (T and B cells) and proteins as well as entire organs and organ systems. The organs of the immune system include skin and mucous membranes, and the organs of the lymphatic system. The skin and mucous membranes are the first line of defense against germs entering from outside the body and once the infection enter in the organs and tissues lymphatic organs take over. Additionally, here we also described gut bacteria and food to build up immunity. In this way human beings are fight against the new virus SARS-CoV2 infections.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131560263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2019.04.00112
Marie Claire Cammaerts
Since 2012, we used ants as models for examining the effects of products used by humans. Here, we summarize our seven last studies which concerned green clay, glucosamine, sildenafil, a homeopathic drug, as well as diclofenac, meloxicam and etoricoxib, three anti–inflammatory drugs. Green clay appeared to be an excellent product without adverse effects. In humans, it allows reducing gastric hyperacidity and should thus be used instead of aluminum hydroxide or calcium + magnesium carbonates which present adverse effects. Glucosamine was also safe. It only increased the ants’ locomotion and this effect might explain, at least partly, its efficiency. Sildenafil has many adverse effects, the cause of which being probably a decrease of sensitive perception. Such an impact may result from the activity of sildenafil: it inhibits phosphodiesterases and increases amounts of cGMP and cAMP. The homeopathic drug Ignatia amara, used for decreasing stress symptoms, had no adverse effects and unexpectedly reduced the ants’ state of stress. Even if its functioning stays unknown, this drug could help stressed persons. Diclofenac had several adverse effects and may lead to dependence; meloxicam had far less adverse effects and did not lead to dependence; etoricoxib had some adverse effects and did not lead to dependence. Obviously, meloxicam was the safest of the three anti–inflammatory drugs. Experimentation on ants can thus inform practitioners and pharmacists on potential harmful effects of products before providing them to humans.
{"title":"Brief report of the effects of seven human drugs studied on ants as models","authors":"Marie Claire Cammaerts","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2019.04.00112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2019.04.00112","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2012, we used ants as models for examining the effects of products used by humans. Here, we summarize our seven last studies which concerned green clay, glucosamine, sildenafil, a homeopathic drug, as well as diclofenac, meloxicam and etoricoxib, three anti–inflammatory drugs. Green clay appeared to be an excellent product without adverse effects. In humans, it allows reducing gastric hyperacidity and should thus be used instead of aluminum hydroxide or calcium + magnesium carbonates which present adverse effects. Glucosamine was also safe. It only increased the ants’ locomotion and this effect might explain, at least partly, its efficiency. Sildenafil has many adverse effects, the cause of which being probably a decrease of sensitive perception. Such an impact may result from the activity of sildenafil: it inhibits phosphodiesterases and increases amounts of cGMP and cAMP. The homeopathic drug Ignatia amara, used for decreasing stress symptoms, had no adverse effects and unexpectedly reduced the ants’ state of stress. Even if its functioning stays unknown, this drug could help stressed persons. Diclofenac had several adverse effects and may lead to dependence; meloxicam had far less adverse effects and did not lead to dependence; etoricoxib had some adverse effects and did not lead to dependence. Obviously, meloxicam was the safest of the three anti–inflammatory drugs. Experimentation on ants can thus inform practitioners and pharmacists on potential harmful effects of products before providing them to humans.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116134703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00147
Afzal Khan, Anwar M. Ali, Naseer Ullah, Kausar Saeed, Muzafar Shah
The study was conducted at central hospital Saidu Sharif, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from April to September 2020. A total of 100 pregnant women belonging to different regions of district Swat were examined, prior to delivery in the research study. The age of the studied participants was 20-45 years. 3ml of venous blood was taken in a sterile syringe (3cc) from each woman and drained in EDTA (Ethylene diamine tetra acetate) tube. The tube was immediately carried to Sheikh-Al-Zahid-bin-Haiyan (casualty) hospital’s laboratory for complete blood count (CBC), Blood sugar (RBS). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HBS-Ag, Hepatitis C virus (HCV), malarial parasites (MP), Brucella and widal test. Urine was also collected in urine bottles for examination and for COVID-19 detection swab samples were taken from nose of the participants. From the recent study it was concluded that pregnant women in the study are susceptible to many diseases and complications. It was found that 12% women were severe anemic while 23% were moderate anemic and 40% were mild anemic. Covid-19 was detected in 12% of the studied women. 2% were observed as HCV positive. 10% of the women had higher blood sugar level (RBS 190mg/dl). 35% of the studied women had a urinary tract infection (UTI). Only 1% of the participant was found to be affected by Brucella bacteria. Malarial parasite was found in almost 5% of the examined participants. HIV was rare and detected in only 1% of the examined one hundred women.
{"title":"Analytical measures (tests) recommended before delivery in a labour room for female","authors":"Afzal Khan, Anwar M. Ali, Naseer Ullah, Kausar Saeed, Muzafar Shah","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00147","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted at central hospital Saidu Sharif, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from April to September 2020. A total of 100 pregnant women belonging to different regions of district Swat were examined, prior to delivery in the research study. The age of the studied participants was 20-45 years. 3ml of venous blood was taken in a sterile syringe (3cc) from each woman and drained in EDTA (Ethylene diamine tetra acetate) tube. The tube was immediately carried to Sheikh-Al-Zahid-bin-Haiyan (casualty) hospital’s laboratory for complete blood count (CBC), Blood sugar (RBS). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HBS-Ag, Hepatitis C virus (HCV), malarial parasites (MP), Brucella and widal test. Urine was also collected in urine bottles for examination and for COVID-19 detection swab samples were taken from nose of the participants. From the recent study it was concluded that pregnant women in the study are susceptible to many diseases and complications. It was found that 12% women were severe anemic while 23% were moderate anemic and 40% were mild anemic. Covid-19 was detected in 12% of the studied women. 2% were observed as HCV positive. 10% of the women had higher blood sugar level (RBS 190mg/dl). 35% of the studied women had a urinary tract infection (UTI). Only 1% of the participant was found to be affected by Brucella bacteria. Malarial parasite was found in almost 5% of the examined participants. HIV was rare and detected in only 1% of the examined one hundred women.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125277808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00145
I. Maslarski, Stoikov, G. Ingilizova
The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound impacts on medical education globally. Worldwide, most medical students have missed months of educational experience that is considered fundamental in their training. Advances in technology are a potential solution to the problem. Forms of interactive learning, use of online platforms, as well as variants of e-lecture teaching are considered as alternatives to in-person teaching, as a part of a modernized anatomy curriculum. In addition to the already widespread online meeting platforms, we also discuss the use of video recordings with integrated slides, real pictures and short videos which can be uploaded onto the university platform Moodle. Alternatives to dissections, prosections, plastination, microscopy and videos are considered as potential forms of organization in the learning process. In regards to dissections, the problem of acquiring practical skills in an environment of social distancing and the successful accomplishment of tests and exams is also discussed.
{"title":"The anatomy education during Covid 19 and the future challenges","authors":"I. Maslarski, Stoikov, G. Ingilizova","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00145","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound impacts on medical education globally. Worldwide, most medical students have missed months of educational experience that is considered fundamental in their training. Advances in technology are a potential solution to the problem. Forms of interactive learning, use of online platforms, as well as variants of e-lecture teaching are considered as alternatives to in-person teaching, as a part of a modernized anatomy curriculum. In addition to the already widespread online meeting platforms, we also discuss the use of video recordings with integrated slides, real pictures and short videos which can be uploaded onto the university platform Moodle. Alternatives to dissections, prosections, plastination, microscopy and videos are considered as potential forms of organization in the learning process. In regards to dissections, the problem of acquiring practical skills in an environment of social distancing and the successful accomplishment of tests and exams is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"53 5-6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121005947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00123
T. Tabassum, T. Tabassum, N. Tabassum, Syeda Muntaka Maniha, R. Noor
nsertion of plasmids into the bacterial cells is of great significance especially in course of the transfer of drug resistance, virulence and other traits. Retention of plasmids within the host bacteria is therefore an important factor for bacterial homeostasis. Current study inferred the pBR322 plasmid stability within the Escherichia coli competent cells. The calcium chloride heat shock method was used for the transformation purpose. The plasmid retention phenomenon was assessed through the replica plating. The results positively showed the plasmid retention within E. coli.
{"title":"Stability of plasmid pBR322 within Escherichia coli cells","authors":"T. Tabassum, T. Tabassum, N. Tabassum, Syeda Muntaka Maniha, R. Noor","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00123","url":null,"abstract":"nsertion of plasmids into the bacterial cells is of great significance especially in course of the transfer of drug resistance, virulence and other traits. Retention of plasmids within the host bacteria is therefore an important factor for bacterial homeostasis. Current study inferred the pBR322 plasmid stability within the Escherichia coli competent cells. The calcium chloride heat shock method was used for the transformation purpose. The plasmid retention phenomenon was assessed through the replica plating. The results positively showed the plasmid retention within E. coli.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127485611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00131
Anika Tursa Promi, Sanzida Islam Bristi, Farhan Akhter, R. Noor
COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been the most dreadful mass public health threat for more than a year. An array of clinical trials with repurposed and repositioned drugs as well as with the candidate vaccines are being conducted with the aim of mitigation of COVID-19. While a few antiviral drugs and several candidate vaccines showed satisfactory results in the clinical trials, the side effects after vaccination and the evolution of new SARS-CoV-2 variants appear as a major challenge for the scientists. Present review focused on the possible reasons behind the lethality of SARS-CoV-2.
{"title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Why is it so lethal?","authors":"Anika Tursa Promi, Sanzida Islam Bristi, Farhan Akhter, R. Noor","doi":"10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00131","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been the most dreadful mass public health threat for more than a year. An array of clinical trials with repurposed and repositioned drugs as well as with the candidate vaccines are being conducted with the aim of mitigation of COVID-19. While a few antiviral drugs and several candidate vaccines showed satisfactory results in the clinical trials, the side effects after vaccination and the evolution of new SARS-CoV-2 variants appear as a major challenge for the scientists. Present review focused on the possible reasons behind the lethality of SARS-CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":127077,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Biology and Medicine","volume":"290 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121145412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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