Pub Date : 1997-06-11DOI: 10.1109/ICCE.1997.626005
Kim, Yoon, Lee, Choi, Yoo
This paper presents a real-time implementation of the QCELP speech coder which has been chosen as digital cellular standard in North America and Korea. A real-time implementation of QCELP algorithm can be realized using 16-bit fixed point digital signal processor. The principle of QCELP algorithm and real-time implementation on fixed point DSP chip are addressed. The paper also discusses the finite word-length effects and considers the methods to reduce the effects through fixed point C simulation. In addition to speech service in CDMA Mobile System, the implementation of data service(be1ow 4.8kbps) by speech coder bypass operation is presented.
{"title":"Real-time Implementation Of Qcelp On A Fixed Point Dsp Chip","authors":"Kim, Yoon, Lee, Choi, Yoo","doi":"10.1109/ICCE.1997.626005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE.1997.626005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a real-time implementation of the QCELP speech coder which has been chosen as digital cellular standard in North America and Korea. A real-time implementation of QCELP algorithm can be realized using 16-bit fixed point digital signal processor. The principle of QCELP algorithm and real-time implementation on fixed point DSP chip are addressed. The paper also discusses the finite word-length effects and considers the methods to reduce the effects through fixed point C simulation. In addition to speech service in CDMA Mobile System, the implementation of data service(be1ow 4.8kbps) by speech coder bypass operation is presented.","PeriodicalId":127085,"journal":{"name":"1997 International Conference on Consumer Electronics","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123502261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-06-11DOI: 10.1109/ICCE.1997.625890
Jian‐guo Zhang, Ritthisoonthorn, Sharma, Erke
We present the design of intensity-modulation directdetection optical fiber communication systems with erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for CATV/HDTV distributions. Three system configurations: the In-Line Amplifier scheme; the Passive Star Coupler with Optically Preamplified Receivers scheme; and the Hybrid Passive-and-Active Star Coupler scheme; are considered. The receiver sensitivity is calculated for various system parameters. We also compare these three schemes through the number of HDTV subscribers.
{"title":"Design Of Efficient Optical Fiber Systems For CATV/HDTV Distributions","authors":"Jian‐guo Zhang, Ritthisoonthorn, Sharma, Erke","doi":"10.1109/ICCE.1997.625890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE.1997.625890","url":null,"abstract":"We present the design of intensity-modulation directdetection optical fiber communication systems with erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for CATV/HDTV distributions. Three system configurations: the In-Line Amplifier scheme; the Passive Star Coupler with Optically Preamplified Receivers scheme; and the Hybrid Passive-and-Active Star Coupler scheme; are considered. The receiver sensitivity is calculated for various system parameters. We also compare these three schemes through the number of HDTV subscribers.","PeriodicalId":127085,"journal":{"name":"1997 International Conference on Consumer Electronics","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116321967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-06-11DOI: 10.1109/ICCE.1997.625879
Kuo, Huang, Lee
{"title":"Scalable Compression Based On Fractal Image Coding","authors":"Kuo, Huang, Lee","doi":"10.1109/ICCE.1997.625879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE.1997.625879","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":127085,"journal":{"name":"1997 International Conference on Consumer Electronics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129889420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-06-11DOI: 10.1109/ICCE.1997.625846
Benbassat, Giani, Chauvel
This paper describes a Window Based Graphic system that was conceived to facilitate the design of efficient Graphic User Interface for the Digital Set Top Box. It analyzes its impact on display memory cost, graphic resolution and response time.
{"title":"Window Based Graphics For The Digital Set Top Box","authors":"Benbassat, Giani, Chauvel","doi":"10.1109/ICCE.1997.625846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE.1997.625846","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a Window Based Graphic system that was conceived to facilitate the design of efficient Graphic User Interface for the Digital Set Top Box. It analyzes its impact on display memory cost, graphic resolution and response time.","PeriodicalId":127085,"journal":{"name":"1997 International Conference on Consumer Electronics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129989541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A software program, which automatically generates the minimum circuits of FIR Filters using new hardware sharing techniques, has been developed. Its performance has been demonstrated by an application to a video format conversion LSI.
{"title":"An Area Efficient Hardware Sharing Filter Generator For Integration Of Multiple Video Format Conversions","authors":"Sugawa, Shimamoto, Hosotani, Imamura, Takagaki, Ijiri, Okada, Sumi","doi":"10.1109/ICCE.1997.626023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE.1997.626023","url":null,"abstract":"A software program, which automatically generates the minimum circuits of FIR Filters using new hardware sharing techniques, has been developed. Its performance has been demonstrated by an application to a video format conversion LSI.","PeriodicalId":127085,"journal":{"name":"1997 International Conference on Consumer Electronics","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116922028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A FeRAM with l0year data retention at 70°C was embedded in a RFID tag. The use of SrBi2 Ta2 0 9 allowed a 2.4V operation with a long access distance of 50cm from a ReaderlWriter. Introduction A 288bit SBTO (SrBi2Ta209) based FeRAM (ferroelectric random access memory) embedded IC for contactless RFID (radio frequency identification) tags (transponders) has been developed. The emphasis is placed on its advantages in retention at high temperatures and low-voltage operation allowing contactless data communication at far distances. FeRAM Performance A material solution to fatigue in ferroelectric memories has been achieved by the use of SBTO with Pt electrodes:[l]. In addition, the FeRAM using SBTO exhibits low switching voltages and high-switching speeds: [2-31. Therefore SBTO memories are the best choice for nonvolatile memories for use in low power and high speed applications. The FeRAM is composed of two transistors and two SBTO capacitors per bit. The SBTO capacitors were fabricated using a MOD (metallo-organic decomposition) technique: [2]. Figure 1 shows the operating voltage range of the embedded FeRAM. The lower limit of the range at an access time of 1 . 2 , ~ s is 2.4V, low enough for write or read. Figure 2 shows the temperature dependence of MTBF (mean time between failure) for data retention of the FeRAM, programmed at 2.4V. The activation energy of MTBF in data retention is 1 .1 5eV. The data retention of FeRAM is estimated to be longer than 10 years at 70°C. The time dependence of remnant polarization of SBTO capacitors for different write voltages is shown in Figure 3. The remnant polarization written at 2.4V is found to be preserved with a sufficient margin for longer than 10 years at 70°C. RFID Tag System Figure 4 shows a block diagram of the RFID tag circuit incorporating a FeRAM. The power generator supplies DC voltage by rectifying the current induced by the electromagnetic field at a frequency of 125 kHz, provided by a Readerwriter. The receiver demodulates the signals from the Readerwriter by phase shift keying. Then the transmitter sends RF signals back to the Readerwriter, also by phase shift keying. The control logic circuit coordinates the cooperative operation of the FeRAM, transmitter and receiver. Figure 5 shows a photo of the IC. Performances and Characteristics of RFID Tag Figure 6 shows the generated DC voltage at the power generator versus access distance between a RFID tag and a Readerwriter. Since the FeRAM operates even at 2.4V, the RFID tag can communicate with the Readerwriter at a distance of up to 50cm. The followings are typical performances and characteristics of the RFID tag: Memory technology Memory size Data retention Endurance Transmit carrier frequency : Receive carrier frequency : Transmit modulation Receive modulation Chip size SBTO FeRAM 288bit 1 Oyears at 7 0°C 1 x 10"cycles 62.SkHz 125kHz BPSK@7812.Sbps BPSK@78 12.5bps 2.76x2.3 8mm2
{"title":"A Ferroelectric Memory Embedded In A RFID Transponder With 2.4V Operation And 10 Year Retention At 70/spl deg/C","authors":"Inoue, Shimada, Nakane, Moriwaki, Chaya, Nakakuma, Matsuura, Sumi, Otsuki","doi":"10.1109/ICCE.1997.625969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE.1997.625969","url":null,"abstract":"A FeRAM with l0year data retention at 70°C was embedded in a RFID tag. The use of SrBi2 Ta2 0 9 allowed a 2.4V operation with a long access distance of 50cm from a ReaderlWriter. Introduction A 288bit SBTO (SrBi2Ta209) based FeRAM (ferroelectric random access memory) embedded IC for contactless RFID (radio frequency identification) tags (transponders) has been developed. The emphasis is placed on its advantages in retention at high temperatures and low-voltage operation allowing contactless data communication at far distances. FeRAM Performance A material solution to fatigue in ferroelectric memories has been achieved by the use of SBTO with Pt electrodes:[l]. In addition, the FeRAM using SBTO exhibits low switching voltages and high-switching speeds: [2-31. Therefore SBTO memories are the best choice for nonvolatile memories for use in low power and high speed applications. The FeRAM is composed of two transistors and two SBTO capacitors per bit. The SBTO capacitors were fabricated using a MOD (metallo-organic decomposition) technique: [2]. Figure 1 shows the operating voltage range of the embedded FeRAM. The lower limit of the range at an access time of 1 . 2 , ~ s is 2.4V, low enough for write or read. Figure 2 shows the temperature dependence of MTBF (mean time between failure) for data retention of the FeRAM, programmed at 2.4V. The activation energy of MTBF in data retention is 1 .1 5eV. The data retention of FeRAM is estimated to be longer than 10 years at 70°C. The time dependence of remnant polarization of SBTO capacitors for different write voltages is shown in Figure 3. The remnant polarization written at 2.4V is found to be preserved with a sufficient margin for longer than 10 years at 70°C. RFID Tag System Figure 4 shows a block diagram of the RFID tag circuit incorporating a FeRAM. The power generator supplies DC voltage by rectifying the current induced by the electromagnetic field at a frequency of 125 kHz, provided by a Readerwriter. The receiver demodulates the signals from the Readerwriter by phase shift keying. Then the transmitter sends RF signals back to the Readerwriter, also by phase shift keying. The control logic circuit coordinates the cooperative operation of the FeRAM, transmitter and receiver. Figure 5 shows a photo of the IC. Performances and Characteristics of RFID Tag Figure 6 shows the generated DC voltage at the power generator versus access distance between a RFID tag and a Readerwriter. Since the FeRAM operates even at 2.4V, the RFID tag can communicate with the Readerwriter at a distance of up to 50cm. The followings are typical performances and characteristics of the RFID tag: Memory technology Memory size Data retention Endurance Transmit carrier frequency : Receive carrier frequency : Transmit modulation Receive modulation Chip size SBTO FeRAM 288bit 1 Oyears at 7 0°C 1 x 10\"cycles 62.SkHz 125kHz BPSK@7812.Sbps BPSK@78 12.5bps 2.76x2.3 8mm2","PeriodicalId":127085,"journal":{"name":"1997 International Conference on Consumer Electronics","volume":"8 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132478191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-06-11DOI: 10.1109/ICCE.1997.625922
Zahir, Leung
A high quality variable bit rate (VBR) MPEG- 2 encoding scheme that offers optimum video quality and bandwidth allocation is presented. The proposed scheme is very easy to implement and offers a very efficient real time VBR solution for broadcasting applications that involve multiplexed distribution of multiple video sources. A High Quality Pseudo VBR MPEG Encoding Process The advantage of variable bit rate (VBR) video over constant bit rate (CBR) is that it preserves picture quality regardless of the video content and offers optimum bandwidth allocation so that a potentially greater number of multiplexed VBR streams may be transmitted over a given bandwidth. Several different implementations of statistical multiplexing of multiple video sources and optimization of bandwidth allocation using VBR streams have been reported in the literature. However, the generation of VBR streams has not received the attention it deserves. In many cases, VBR streams are either obtained by using fixed quantization levels and multiplexing controllers or by assuming multi-layer implementations of the MPEG compression standard. These "non-true" VBR streams do not depend entirely on picture quality and thus do not closely represent the VBR distribution that is found in actual broadcasting applications. In video production and real-time broadcasting applications, rapid scene changes and excessive motion increase the differences between consecutive frames and as a result have a very negative impact in the perceived quality of the video. To overcome this problem, adjustment of the "standard frame sequence is necessary in order to accommodate for the extra information needed to accurately represent drastic changes between adjacent frames. We developed a method which automatically adjusts the frame sequence and the number of bits needed to represent each frame depending on the video content. The result is a significant improvement in video quality. Our method uses a large 30 frame GOP which allows for efficient redistribution of bits while introducing maximum delay of three frames. Redistribution of bits is based on a "smart" combination of SNR, quantization and motion activity information for each frame. Large 30 frame GOP's tend to have a significant number of low motion frames which are "starved" by ow algorithm thus saving bits for more active frame sequences. In addition, I frames are forced by our method on scene cuts thus introducing more than one I frame within a GOP and preventing long propagation of impairments due to rapid changes. Although the bit rate can be kept constant for every GOP, the increase of the GOP size in combination with our smart redistribution of bits generates a pseudo VBR stream effect which results in considerable improvements in video quality. Performance evaluations have shown that for the same picture quality our method improves the compression rate by at least 25%. The video streams generated by our encoder were successfully played back b
{"title":"A High Quality Real Time VBR MPEG-2 System For Broadcasting Appucations","authors":"Zahir, Leung","doi":"10.1109/ICCE.1997.625922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE.1997.625922","url":null,"abstract":"A high quality variable bit rate (VBR) MPEG- 2 encoding scheme that offers optimum video quality and bandwidth allocation is presented. The proposed scheme is very easy to implement and offers a very efficient real time VBR solution for broadcasting applications that involve multiplexed distribution of multiple video sources. A High Quality Pseudo VBR MPEG Encoding Process The advantage of variable bit rate (VBR) video over constant bit rate (CBR) is that it preserves picture quality regardless of the video content and offers optimum bandwidth allocation so that a potentially greater number of multiplexed VBR streams may be transmitted over a given bandwidth. Several different implementations of statistical multiplexing of multiple video sources and optimization of bandwidth allocation using VBR streams have been reported in the literature. However, the generation of VBR streams has not received the attention it deserves. In many cases, VBR streams are either obtained by using fixed quantization levels and multiplexing controllers or by assuming multi-layer implementations of the MPEG compression standard. These \"non-true\" VBR streams do not depend entirely on picture quality and thus do not closely represent the VBR distribution that is found in actual broadcasting applications. In video production and real-time broadcasting applications, rapid scene changes and excessive motion increase the differences between consecutive frames and as a result have a very negative impact in the perceived quality of the video. To overcome this problem, adjustment of the \"standard frame sequence is necessary in order to accommodate for the extra information needed to accurately represent drastic changes between adjacent frames. We developed a method which automatically adjusts the frame sequence and the number of bits needed to represent each frame depending on the video content. The result is a significant improvement in video quality. Our method uses a large 30 frame GOP which allows for efficient redistribution of bits while introducing maximum delay of three frames. Redistribution of bits is based on a \"smart\" combination of SNR, quantization and motion activity information for each frame. Large 30 frame GOP's tend to have a significant number of low motion frames which are \"starved\" by ow algorithm thus saving bits for more active frame sequences. In addition, I frames are forced by our method on scene cuts thus introducing more than one I frame within a GOP and preventing long propagation of impairments due to rapid changes. Although the bit rate can be kept constant for every GOP, the increase of the GOP size in combination with our smart redistribution of bits generates a pseudo VBR stream effect which results in considerable improvements in video quality. Performance evaluations have shown that for the same picture quality our method improves the compression rate by at least 25%. The video streams generated by our encoder were successfully played back b","PeriodicalId":127085,"journal":{"name":"1997 International Conference on Consumer Electronics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129218449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-06-11DOI: 10.1109/ICCE.1997.625983
Hollenbeck, Connell, Paitl
A 13.56Mhz, lOcm read range smartcard powered over the RF was implemented in CMOS using switched capacitor circuitry to sample the data carrier. A 4-bit microprocessor and FeRam are also integrated on the IC. I. INTRODUCTION
{"title":"A 13.56MHz Smartcard CMOS IC With Ferroelectric Memory Utilizing Carrier Synchronous Data Sampling","authors":"Hollenbeck, Connell, Paitl","doi":"10.1109/ICCE.1997.625983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE.1997.625983","url":null,"abstract":"A 13.56Mhz, lOcm read range smartcard powered over the RF was implemented in CMOS using switched capacitor circuitry to sample the data carrier. A 4-bit microprocessor and FeRam are also integrated on the IC. I. INTRODUCTION","PeriodicalId":127085,"journal":{"name":"1997 International Conference on Consumer Electronics","volume":"221 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133217283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-06-11DOI: 10.1109/ICCE.1997.625861
Hashimoto, Katoh
ISDB (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting) is a concept of the next generation dgi ta l broadcasting system. The ISDB transmission system for the 12GHz band Direct Broadcasting Satellite should take into account not only high spectrum efficiency, but also high reliability against degradation of received signal under heavy rainfall. The main modulation scheme o f the 12GHz band satellite ISDB transmission system is TC8PSK which has a high spectrum efficiency. Other modulation schemes can be selected. The parameters o f the transmission scheme can be varied by introducing TMCC (Transmission and Multiplexing Configuration Control). A hierarchical transmission which complements transmission during heavy rainfall without high reduction of transmission rate is also available. This paper introduces the satellite ISDB system, focusing on its transmission system and a receiver structure tha t uses newly developed LSIs.
{"title":"Development Of A Transmission System And Receiver For Satellite ISDB","authors":"Hashimoto, Katoh","doi":"10.1109/ICCE.1997.625861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE.1997.625861","url":null,"abstract":"ISDB (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting) is a concept of the next generation dgi ta l broadcasting system. The ISDB transmission system for the 12GHz band Direct Broadcasting Satellite should take into account not only high spectrum efficiency, but also high reliability against degradation of received signal under heavy rainfall. The main modulation scheme o f the 12GHz band satellite ISDB transmission system is TC8PSK which has a high spectrum efficiency. Other modulation schemes can be selected. The parameters o f the transmission scheme can be varied by introducing TMCC (Transmission and Multiplexing Configuration Control). A hierarchical transmission which complements transmission during heavy rainfall without high reduction of transmission rate is also available. This paper introduces the satellite ISDB system, focusing on its transmission system and a receiver structure tha t uses newly developed LSIs.","PeriodicalId":127085,"journal":{"name":"1997 International Conference on Consumer Electronics","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114381220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-06-11DOI: 10.1109/ICCE.1997.625912
Reventlow, Kohler, Gerspacher, Kindler, Schwendt
{"title":"A Coprocessor For TV-sound In A Multimedia-PC","authors":"Reventlow, Kohler, Gerspacher, Kindler, Schwendt","doi":"10.1109/ICCE.1997.625912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE.1997.625912","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":127085,"journal":{"name":"1997 International Conference on Consumer Electronics","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116965035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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