{"title":"Gene regulatory networks in ascidian embryos","authors":"Kaoru S. Imai","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23570","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23570","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71523067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflections on forty years as a female tunicate researcher","authors":"Billie J. Swalla","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23567","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23567","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71523077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camille E. Tessier, Aurore M. M. Dupuy, Thomas Pelé, Philippe P. Juin, Jacqueline A. Lees, Vincent J. Guen
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and primary ciliogenesis are two cell-biological programs that are essential for development of multicellular organisms and whose abnormal regulation results in many diseases (i.e., developmental anomalies and cancers). Emerging studies suggest an intricate interplay between these two processes. Here, we discuss physiological and pathological contexts in which their interconnections promote normal development or disease progression. We describe underlying molecular mechanisms of the interplay and EMT/ciliary signaling axes that influence EMT-related processes (i.e., stemness, motility and invasion). Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the relationship between EMT and primary ciliogenesis may provide new insights in the etiology of diseases related to EMT and cilia dysfunction.
{"title":"EMT and primary ciliogenesis: For better or worse in sickness and in health","authors":"Camille E. Tessier, Aurore M. M. Dupuy, Thomas Pelé, Philippe P. Juin, Jacqueline A. Lees, Vincent J. Guen","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23568","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23568","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and primary ciliogenesis are two cell-biological programs that are essential for development of multicellular organisms and whose abnormal regulation results in many diseases (i.e., developmental anomalies and cancers). Emerging studies suggest an intricate interplay between these two processes. Here, we discuss physiological and pathological contexts in which their interconnections promote normal development or disease progression. We describe underlying molecular mechanisms of the interplay and EMT/ciliary signaling axes that influence EMT-related processes (i.e., stemness, motility and invasion). Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the relationship between EMT and primary ciliogenesis may provide new insights in the etiology of diseases related to EMT and cilia dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23568","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72015806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A journey with ascidians in the pigmentation world","authors":"Filomena Ristoratore","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23569","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23569","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71487824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>Giovanna Zaniolo (Figure 1a,b) is a researcher who has made significant contributions to the study of the tunicate <i>Botryllus schlosseri</i> in Italy, as part of a flourishing national community with a rich history dating back to the eighteenth century (Manni et al., <span>2019</span>). Born in 1942 in Vicenza (Italy), Zaniolo enrolled in Biological Science at the University of Padova (Italy) in the early 1960s. She graduated in 1967 with a thesis titled “Observations on the maturation, fertilization and first developmental stages of the <i>Botryllus</i> egg (Ascidiacea)” (Zaniolo, <span>1967</span>; Figure 1c–e; Figure 2a–e). Her mentor during this period was Armando Sabbadin, professor emeritus of the University of Padova (Figure 1b). Shortly after completing her degree, Zaniolo joined the Comparative Anatomy Laboratory at the University of Padova, as a lab assistant. Within 2 years she advanced to the position of lab technician and in 1974 she became an assistant professor of Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates. In 2002 she achieved the rank of full professor. Zaniolo primarily taught Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates where she demonstrated her passion for the subject. She was a dedicated teacher, devoted and rigorous evolutionary biologist, and from the early days of her academic career she enthusiastically joined the budding field of Evolutionary and Developmental Biology (Evo-Devo).</p><p>During her scientific career, Giovanna Zaniolo has produced an impressive publication record covering 50 years of research activity with 55 publications (Table 1; Table S1). Her first publication, a short note written in Italian in 1971, examined the development of budlets of <i>Botryllus schlosseri</i> isolated or transplanted in the colonial matrix (Sabbadin et al., <span>1971</span>). Her most recent publication, published in 2021, focused on the comparative transcriptomic and morphological analyses of sexual and asexual development of <i>B. schlosseri</i> (Kowarsky et al., <span>2021</span>). Zaniolo's publications are predominantly centered on <i>B. schlosseri</i>, her favorite tunicate model. However, she has also made some sporadic digressions into other colonial ascidians.</p><p><i>B. schlosseri</i> is a colonial tunicate characterized by small zooids grouped in star-shaped systems embedded in a common transparent tunic (Manni et al., <span>2007</span>; Figure 1c–e). In this species, fertilization and embryonic development occur within the parental zooids (Kowarsky et al., <span>2021</span>). Upon hatching, the mature larva selects a suitable substrate and metamorphoses in a sessile oozooid, which becomes the founder of a new colony. The larva possesses a small bud, representing the first asexual generation of the colony. Colonies display three generations of zooids developing synchronously, as buds (primary buds) give rise to an additional generation of small buds (secondary buds). During the phase called “takeover,” colonies undergo the cycl
{"title":"Giovanna Zaniolo: An inspiring scientist, teacher, mentor, and colleague. Active: 1967–2012","authors":"Lucia Manni, Chiara Anselmi","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23566","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23566","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Giovanna Zaniolo (Figure 1a,b) is a researcher who has made significant contributions to the study of the tunicate <i>Botryllus schlosseri</i> in Italy, as part of a flourishing national community with a rich history dating back to the eighteenth century (Manni et al., <span>2019</span>). Born in 1942 in Vicenza (Italy), Zaniolo enrolled in Biological Science at the University of Padova (Italy) in the early 1960s. She graduated in 1967 with a thesis titled “Observations on the maturation, fertilization and first developmental stages of the <i>Botryllus</i> egg (Ascidiacea)” (Zaniolo, <span>1967</span>; Figure 1c–e; Figure 2a–e). Her mentor during this period was Armando Sabbadin, professor emeritus of the University of Padova (Figure 1b). Shortly after completing her degree, Zaniolo joined the Comparative Anatomy Laboratory at the University of Padova, as a lab assistant. Within 2 years she advanced to the position of lab technician and in 1974 she became an assistant professor of Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates. In 2002 she achieved the rank of full professor. Zaniolo primarily taught Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates where she demonstrated her passion for the subject. She was a dedicated teacher, devoted and rigorous evolutionary biologist, and from the early days of her academic career she enthusiastically joined the budding field of Evolutionary and Developmental Biology (Evo-Devo).</p><p>During her scientific career, Giovanna Zaniolo has produced an impressive publication record covering 50 years of research activity with 55 publications (Table 1; Table S1). Her first publication, a short note written in Italian in 1971, examined the development of budlets of <i>Botryllus schlosseri</i> isolated or transplanted in the colonial matrix (Sabbadin et al., <span>1971</span>). Her most recent publication, published in 2021, focused on the comparative transcriptomic and morphological analyses of sexual and asexual development of <i>B. schlosseri</i> (Kowarsky et al., <span>2021</span>). Zaniolo's publications are predominantly centered on <i>B. schlosseri</i>, her favorite tunicate model. However, she has also made some sporadic digressions into other colonial ascidians.</p><p><i>B. schlosseri</i> is a colonial tunicate characterized by small zooids grouped in star-shaped systems embedded in a common transparent tunic (Manni et al., <span>2007</span>; Figure 1c–e). In this species, fertilization and embryonic development occur within the parental zooids (Kowarsky et al., <span>2021</span>). Upon hatching, the mature larva selects a suitable substrate and metamorphoses in a sessile oozooid, which becomes the founder of a new colony. The larva possesses a small bud, representing the first asexual generation of the colony. Colonies display three generations of zooids developing synchronously, as buds (primary buds) give rise to an additional generation of small buds (secondary buds). During the phase called “takeover,” colonies undergo the cycl","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23566","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stem cells are units of biological organization, responsible for tissue and organ development and regeneration. I study stem cell biology, aging, and the evolution of immunity using the colonial chordate Botryllus schlosseri as a model system. This organism is uniquely suited for this study because it is closely related to vertebrates, undergoes weekly cycles of stem cell mediated regeneration, is long lived and has a recognition system and robust immune system. I have led the Botryllus genome project and developed a novel method to obtain a synthetic long read sequence, identified Botryllus stem cells and stem cell niches, isolated the gene that controls self/non self-recognition and characterized its immune system on the cellular and molecular levels. Recently, I led the Botryllus atlas project to characterize the two developmental pathways, embryogenesis (sexual) and blastogenesis (asexual), revealing the unique molecular landscapes for each developmental mode and investigated the molecular clock and neurodegeneration pathways in young and old colonies and investigated the molecular clock and neurodegeneration pathways in young and old colonies. These results and the resources we developed are used by my lab and others to further study stem cell and immune cell properties during development, regeneration, transplantation, and aging.
{"title":"Stem cell-mediated development, regeneration, chimerism, and aging in the colonial chordate Botryllus schlosseri","authors":"Ayelet Voskoboynik","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23542","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23542","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stem cells are units of biological organization, responsible for tissue and organ development and regeneration. I study stem cell biology, aging, and the evolution of immunity using the colonial chordate <i>Botryllus schlosseri</i> as a model system. This organism is uniquely suited for this study because it is closely related to vertebrates, undergoes weekly cycles of stem cell mediated regeneration, is long lived and has a recognition system and robust immune system. I have led the <i>Botryllus</i> genome project and developed a novel method to obtain a synthetic long read sequence, identified <i>Botryllus</i> stem cells and stem cell niches, isolated the gene that controls self/non self-recognition and characterized its immune system on the cellular and molecular levels. Recently, I led the <i>Botryllus</i> atlas project to characterize the two developmental pathways, embryogenesis (sexual) and blastogenesis (asexual), revealing the unique molecular landscapes for each developmental mode and investigated the molecular clock and neurodegeneration pathways in young and old colonies and investigated the molecular clock and neurodegeneration pathways in young and old colonies. These results and the resources we developed are used by my lab and others to further study stem cell and immune cell properties during development, regeneration, transplantation, and aging.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54231808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past few years, it has been established that wnt genes are involved in the regenerative processes of holothurians. The wnt4 gene was identified as one of the most active genes in Eupentacta fraudatrix regeneration using differential gene expression analysis and qPCR of individual genes. Also, the wntA gene was found in holothurians, which is present only in invertebrates and can perform unique functions.
Results
In this regard, both these genes and proteins were studied in this work. During regeneration, the Wnt4 protein is found in the cells of the coelomic and ambulacral epithelium, retractor muscles, and radial nerves. Single cells with this protein are also found in the connective tissue of the developing aquapharyngeal bulb and in the hypoderm of the body wall. Cells with WntA are found exclusively in the hypoderm of the body wall.
Conclusion
We assume that both genes are involved in regeneration, but Wnt4 coordinates the formation of the epithelial tissue structure, while WntA maintains the state of the intercellular substance of the body wall.
{"title":"WntA and Wnt4 during the regeneration of internal organs in the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix","authors":"A. S. Girich","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23562","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23562","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over the past few years, it has been established that <i>wnt</i> genes are involved in the regenerative processes of holothurians. The <i>wnt4</i> gene was identified as one of the most active genes in <i>Eupentacta fraudatrix</i> regeneration using differential gene expression analysis and qPCR of individual genes. Also, the <i>wntA</i> gene was found in holothurians, which is present only in invertebrates and can perform unique functions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this regard, both these genes and proteins were studied in this work. During regeneration, the Wnt4 protein is found in the cells of the coelomic and ambulacral epithelium, retractor muscles, and radial nerves. Single cells with this protein are also found in the connective tissue of the developing aquapharyngeal bulb and in the hypoderm of the body wall. Cells with WntA are found exclusively in the hypoderm of the body wall.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assume that both genes are involved in regeneration, but Wnt4 coordinates the formation of the epithelial tissue structure, while WntA maintains the state of the intercellular substance of the body wall.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41240125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Engrailed-1 (EN1) is a developmental gene that encodes En1, a highly conserved transcription factor involved in regionalization during early embryogenesis and in the later maintenance of normal neurons. After birth, EN1 still plays a role in the development and physiology of the body; for example, it exerts a protective effect on midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons, and loss of EN1 causes mDA neurons in the ventral midbrain to gradually die approximately 6 weeks after birth, resulting in motor and nonmotor symptoms similar to those observed in Parkinson's disease. Notably, EN1 has been identified as a possible susceptibility gene for idiopathic Parkinson's disease in humans. EN1 is involved in the processes of wound-healing scar production and tissue and organ fibrosis. Additionally, EN1 can lead to tumorigenesis and thus provides a target for the treatment of some tumors. In this review, we summarize the effects of EN1 on embryonic organ development, describe the consequences of the deletion or overexpression of the EN1 gene, and discuss the pathways in which EN1 is involved. We hope to clarify the role of EN1 as a developmental gene and present potential therapeutic targets for diseases involving the EN1 gene.
{"title":"Engrailed: Pathological and physiological effects of a multifunctional developmental gene","authors":"Xiang Ma, Liang-Liang Zhao, Yi-Chun Yu, Yan Cheng","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23557","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23557","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Engrailed-1 (EN1) is a developmental gene that encodes En1, a highly conserved transcription factor involved in regionalization during early embryogenesis and in the later maintenance of normal neurons. After birth, EN1 still plays a role in the development and physiology of the body; for example, it exerts a protective effect on midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons, and loss of EN1 causes mDA neurons in the ventral midbrain to gradually die approximately 6 weeks after birth, resulting in motor and nonmotor symptoms similar to those observed in Parkinson's disease. Notably, EN1 has been identified as a possible susceptibility gene for idiopathic Parkinson's disease in humans. EN1 is involved in the processes of wound-healing scar production and tissue and organ fibrosis. Additionally, EN1 can lead to tumorigenesis and thus provides a target for the treatment of some tumors. In this review, we summarize the effects of EN1 on embryonic organ development, describe the consequences of the deletion or overexpression of the EN1 gene, and discuss the pathways in which EN1 is involved. We hope to clarify the role of EN1 as a developmental gene and present potential therapeutic targets for diseases involving the EN1 gene.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41216947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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