Giovanna Zaniolo (Figure 1a,b) is a researcher who has made significant contributions to the study of the tunicate Botryllus schlosseri in Italy, as part of a flourishing national community with a rich history dating back to the eighteenth century (Manni et al., 2019). Born in 1942 in Vicenza (Italy), Zaniolo enrolled in Biological Science at the University of Padova (Italy) in the early 1960s. She graduated in 1967 with a thesis titled “Observations on the maturation, fertilization and first developmental stages of the Botryllus egg (Ascidiacea)” (Zaniolo, 1967; Figure 1c–e; Figure 2a–e). Her mentor during this period was Armando Sabbadin, professor emeritus of the University of Padova (Figure 1b). Shortly after completing her degree, Zaniolo joined the Comparative Anatomy Laboratory at the University of Padova, as a lab assistant. Within 2 years she advanced to the position of lab technician and in 1974 she became an assistant professor of Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates. In 2002 she achieved the rank of full professor. Zaniolo primarily taught Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates where she demonstrated her passion for the subject. She was a dedicated teacher, devoted and rigorous evolutionary biologist, and from the early days of her academic career she enthusiastically joined the budding field of Evolutionary and Developmental Biology (Evo-Devo).
During her scientific career, Giovanna Zaniolo has produced an impressive publication record covering 50 years of research activity with 55 publications (Table 1; Table S1). Her first publication, a short note written in Italian in 1971, examined the development of budlets of Botryllus schlosseri isolated or transplanted in the colonial matrix (Sabbadin et al., 1971). Her most recent publication, published in 2021, focused on the comparative transcriptomic and morphological analyses of sexual and asexual development of B. schlosseri (Kowarsky et al., 2021). Zaniolo's publications are predominantly centered on B. schlosseri, her favorite tunicate model. However, she has also made some sporadic digressions into other colonial ascidians.
B. schlosseri is a colonial tunicate characterized by small zooids grouped in star-shaped systems embedded in a common transparent tunic (Manni et al., 2007; Figure 1c–e). In this species, fertilization and embryonic development occur within the parental zooids (Kowarsky et al., 2021). Upon hatching, the mature larva selects a suitable substrate and metamorphoses in a sessile oozooid, which becomes the founder of a new colony. The larva possesses a small bud, representing the first asexual generation of the colony. Colonies display three generations of zooids developing synchronously, as buds (primary buds) give rise to an additional generation of small buds (secondary buds). During the phase called “takeover,” colonies undergo the cycl
Giovanna Zaniolo（图1a，b）是一名研究人员，他对意大利被囊动物Botryllus schlosseri的研究做出了重大贡献，意大利是一个繁荣的国家社区的一部分，其丰富的历史可以追溯到18世纪（Manni et al., 2019）。扎尼奥洛1942年出生于意大利维琴察，20世纪60年代初进入意大利帕多瓦大学攻读生物科学专业。她于1967年毕业，毕业论文题为“对Botryllus卵（Ascidiacea）的成熟、受精和第一个发育阶段的观察”(Zaniolo, 1967；图1汉英;图2 a e)。她在此期间的导师是帕多瓦大学名誉教授阿曼多·萨巴丁（图1b）。完成学位后不久，扎尼奥洛加入了帕多瓦大学的比较解剖学实验室，担任实验室助理。两年内，她晋升为实验室技术员，并于1974年成为脊椎动物比较解剖学的助理教授。2002年她获得了正教授的称号。Zaniolo主要教授脊椎动物比较解剖学，在那里她展示了她对这门学科的热情。她是一位敬业的教师，也是一位敬业而严谨的进化生物学家，从她学术生涯的早期开始，她就热情地加入了进化与发育生物学（Evo-Devo）这一新兴领域。在她的科学生涯中，Giovanna Zaniolo创造了令人印象深刻的出版记录，涵盖了50年的研究活动，发表了55篇论文(表1；表S1)。她的第一份出版物是1971年用意大利语写的一篇简短的笔记，研究了在殖民地基质中分离或移植的Botryllus schlosseri幼芽的发育（Sabbadin et al., 1971）。她最近的一篇论文发表于2021年，重点研究了B. schlosseri有性和无性发育的转录组学和形态学比较分析（Kowarsky et al., 2021）。Zaniolo的出版物主要集中在B. schlosseri，她最喜欢的被囊动物模型。然而，她也对其他殖民地的海鞘作了一些零星的离题。schlosseri是一种群居被囊动物，其特征是小动物聚集成星形系统，嵌在共同的透明被囊中(Manni et al., 2007；图1汉英)。在这个物种中，受精和胚胎发育发生在亲本动物体内（Kowarsky et al., 2021）。孵化后，成熟的幼虫选择一个合适的基质，在一个无根的卵状体中蜕变，成为一个新群体的创始人。幼虫有一个小芽，代表了这个群体的第一代无性生殖。群体显示三代动物同步发育，因为芽（初芽）产生额外的一代小芽（次芽）。在被称为“接管”的阶段，蚁群经历了所有成年个体的周期性吸收，然后由它们的初级芽取代过滤活动，从而成为新的成年一代。同时，次生芽变成初芽并产生新一代次生芽。由于一种动物通常产生不止一个芽，这种世代的周期性变化确保了群体的增长。如果菌落在组织相容性位点上具有相同的等位基因，它们可以融合在一起，形成更大的嵌合菌落（Voskoboynik et al., 2013）。当融合时，它们可以通过循环系统共享它们的血细胞，以及可能侵入伴侣群体组织的体细胞和生殖干细胞，从而寄生于它(斯通纳&；斯曼,1996)。不同干细胞介导现象（有性生殖和无性生殖）的共存以及非凡的再生能力，使这种生物成为几个研究领域进化研究的模型。在B. schlosseri中，Giovanna Zaniolo主要研究有性生殖、无性生殖、再生、自我和非自我识别以及神经系统发育（表1）。这些研究主题在今天仍然具有相关性，正如Botryllus社区正在进行的工作所证明的那样，Botryllus社区继续使用创新的方法探索这些领域。事实上，这些主题现在正在扩展到干细胞生物学、再生医学、衰老和异体识别等领域。Giovanna Zaniolo的专业知识集中在bottryllus菌落的体内操作上，如Manni等人（2019）所述（图2）。她投入了大量的精力和时间来培养菌落并进行涉及菌落移植的实验。她创造了嵌合菌落，使她能够研究相容菌落之间的生殖细胞转移和组织相容性(Sabbadin &；Zaniolo, 1979)。在她的实验室里，她保留了纯的schlosseri遗传系，可以通过它们的色素沉着来区分，从而实现了控制杂交。 这包括直接从亲代群体中收集新发育的幼虫，并将它们贴在玻片上观察她的杂交结果。在那个时期，分子遗传学尚未应用于海鞘，因此经典的遗传学实验是唯一可用的工具来评估性状和细胞的传递性。此外，她还进行了各种芽摘除和分离实验，以研究菌落的稳态、再生和代际间的串扰(Gasparini et al., 2014；Sabbadin et al., 1975)。为了做到这一点，她用手工制作的钨针在立体显微镜上一丝不苟地精确工作。即使在今天，这些实验继续激发对正常和再生菌落细胞移植和干细胞性影响的研究（Vanni et al., 2023）。1979年，Giovanna Zaniolo发表了一篇非常有影响力的论文，题为“殖民地海鞘Botryllus schlosseri的性别分化和生殖细胞转移”(Sabbadin &；Zaniolo, 1979)专注于有性生殖。在这项研究中，她使用基因纯（例如，与两个孟德尔色素沉着基因具有相反基因型AAbb和AAbb的菌落）相容的菌落融合在一起形成嵌合菌落。过了一段时间，两个原始的菌落被分开，根据它们的色素沉着来检查产生的后代。作者证明，融合的菌落能够交换生殖细胞，因为来自一个菌落的后代可以在许多后代中表现出伴侣菌落的色素沉着。这些实验首次揭示了蚁群在经过几代无性繁殖后经历了性化并达到成熟。此外，作者还发现了动物性腺发育的不对称性。性腺在动物的左侧比右侧更发达；反之亦然，右脑的出芽能力比左脑强。重要的是，他们证明了生殖细胞的寿命：生殖细胞可以离开芽性腺雏形，在血淋巴中循环几代，然后归巢并分化成新形成芽的性腺雏形。这些发现后来得到证实，并利用细胞移植、活体成像和基因分析等技术进一步研究(Laird等人，2005；Rinkevich et al., 2013；Voskoboynik et al., 2008)。在20世纪80年代和90年代，Giovanna Zaniolo专注于研究海鞘有性生殖的其他方面。她描述了具有不同卵生程度的群居海鞘的排卵策略和胚胎与亲本之间的关系，包括schlosseri（图2f，g）、leachibotrylloides leachii和vi胎生Botrylloides violaceus (Zaniolo et al., 1987；Zaniolo et al., 1998；Zaniolo, Manni &；Burighel, 1994;Zaniolo, Manni, Martinucci, &；Burighel, 1994 b)。她的研究包括胎盘形式的比较分析，揭示了卵生以不同的方式发生，涉及母体和胚胎组织之间不同程度的整合。在那些年里，她成为了电子显微镜方面的专家。她的实验室有一台日立H-600电子显微镜，她用它进行观察。这种成像技术使她能够深入研究被研究生物的详细结构。乔凡娜·扎尼奥洛（Giovanna Zaniolo）有能力培育出基因纯正的schlosseri菌株，并创造出嵌合体，这使她能够将研究范围扩大到自我和非自我识别
{"title":"Giovanna Zaniolo: An inspiring scientist, teacher, mentor, and colleague. Active: 1967–2012","authors":"Lucia Manni, Chiara Anselmi","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23566","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23566","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Giovanna Zaniolo (Figure 1a,b) is a researcher who has made significant contributions to the study of the tunicate <i>Botryllus schlosseri</i> in Italy, as part of a flourishing national community with a rich history dating back to the eighteenth century (Manni et al., <span>2019</span>). Born in 1942 in Vicenza (Italy), Zaniolo enrolled in Biological Science at the University of Padova (Italy) in the early 1960s. She graduated in 1967 with a thesis titled “Observations on the maturation, fertilization and first developmental stages of the <i>Botryllus</i> egg (Ascidiacea)” (Zaniolo, <span>1967</span>; Figure 1c–e; Figure 2a–e). Her mentor during this period was Armando Sabbadin, professor emeritus of the University of Padova (Figure 1b). Shortly after completing her degree, Zaniolo joined the Comparative Anatomy Laboratory at the University of Padova, as a lab assistant. Within 2 years she advanced to the position of lab technician and in 1974 she became an assistant professor of Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates. In 2002 she achieved the rank of full professor. Zaniolo primarily taught Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates where she demonstrated her passion for the subject. She was a dedicated teacher, devoted and rigorous evolutionary biologist, and from the early days of her academic career she enthusiastically joined the budding field of Evolutionary and Developmental Biology (Evo-Devo).</p><p>During her scientific career, Giovanna Zaniolo has produced an impressive publication record covering 50 years of research activity with 55 publications (Table 1; Table S1). Her first publication, a short note written in Italian in 1971, examined the development of budlets of <i>Botryllus schlosseri</i> isolated or transplanted in the colonial matrix (Sabbadin et al., <span>1971</span>). Her most recent publication, published in 2021, focused on the comparative transcriptomic and morphological analyses of sexual and asexual development of <i>B. schlosseri</i> (Kowarsky et al., <span>2021</span>). Zaniolo's publications are predominantly centered on <i>B. schlosseri</i>, her favorite tunicate model. However, she has also made some sporadic digressions into other colonial ascidians.</p><p><i>B. schlosseri</i> is a colonial tunicate characterized by small zooids grouped in star-shaped systems embedded in a common transparent tunic (Manni et al., <span>2007</span>; Figure 1c–e). In this species, fertilization and embryonic development occur within the parental zooids (Kowarsky et al., <span>2021</span>). Upon hatching, the mature larva selects a suitable substrate and metamorphoses in a sessile oozooid, which becomes the founder of a new colony. The larva possesses a small bud, representing the first asexual generation of the colony. Colonies display three generations of zooids developing synchronously, as buds (primary buds) give rise to an additional generation of small buds (secondary buds). During the phase called “takeover,” colonies undergo the cycl","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23566","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stem cells are units of biological organization, responsible for tissue and organ development and regeneration. I study stem cell biology, aging, and the evolution of immunity using the colonial chordate Botryllus schlosseri as a model system. This organism is uniquely suited for this study because it is closely related to vertebrates, undergoes weekly cycles of stem cell mediated regeneration, is long lived and has a recognition system and robust immune system. I have led the Botryllus genome project and developed a novel method to obtain a synthetic long read sequence, identified Botryllus stem cells and stem cell niches, isolated the gene that controls self/non self-recognition and characterized its immune system on the cellular and molecular levels. Recently, I led the Botryllus atlas project to characterize the two developmental pathways, embryogenesis (sexual) and blastogenesis (asexual), revealing the unique molecular landscapes for each developmental mode and investigated the molecular clock and neurodegeneration pathways in young and old colonies and investigated the molecular clock and neurodegeneration pathways in young and old colonies. These results and the resources we developed are used by my lab and others to further study stem cell and immune cell properties during development, regeneration, transplantation, and aging.
{"title":"Stem cell-mediated development, regeneration, chimerism, and aging in the colonial chordate Botryllus schlosseri","authors":"Ayelet Voskoboynik","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23542","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23542","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stem cells are units of biological organization, responsible for tissue and organ development and regeneration. I study stem cell biology, aging, and the evolution of immunity using the colonial chordate <i>Botryllus schlosseri</i> as a model system. This organism is uniquely suited for this study because it is closely related to vertebrates, undergoes weekly cycles of stem cell mediated regeneration, is long lived and has a recognition system and robust immune system. I have led the <i>Botryllus</i> genome project and developed a novel method to obtain a synthetic long read sequence, identified <i>Botryllus</i> stem cells and stem cell niches, isolated the gene that controls self/non self-recognition and characterized its immune system on the cellular and molecular levels. Recently, I led the <i>Botryllus</i> atlas project to characterize the two developmental pathways, embryogenesis (sexual) and blastogenesis (asexual), revealing the unique molecular landscapes for each developmental mode and investigated the molecular clock and neurodegeneration pathways in young and old colonies and investigated the molecular clock and neurodegeneration pathways in young and old colonies. These results and the resources we developed are used by my lab and others to further study stem cell and immune cell properties during development, regeneration, transplantation, and aging.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54231808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past few years, it has been established that wnt genes are involved in the regenerative processes of holothurians. The wnt4 gene was identified as one of the most active genes in Eupentacta fraudatrix regeneration using differential gene expression analysis and qPCR of individual genes. Also, the wntA gene was found in holothurians, which is present only in invertebrates and can perform unique functions.
Results
In this regard, both these genes and proteins were studied in this work. During regeneration, the Wnt4 protein is found in the cells of the coelomic and ambulacral epithelium, retractor muscles, and radial nerves. Single cells with this protein are also found in the connective tissue of the developing aquapharyngeal bulb and in the hypoderm of the body wall. Cells with WntA are found exclusively in the hypoderm of the body wall.
Conclusion
We assume that both genes are involved in regeneration, but Wnt4 coordinates the formation of the epithelial tissue structure, while WntA maintains the state of the intercellular substance of the body wall.
{"title":"WntA and Wnt4 during the regeneration of internal organs in the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix","authors":"A. S. Girich","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23562","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23562","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over the past few years, it has been established that <i>wnt</i> genes are involved in the regenerative processes of holothurians. The <i>wnt4</i> gene was identified as one of the most active genes in <i>Eupentacta fraudatrix</i> regeneration using differential gene expression analysis and qPCR of individual genes. Also, the <i>wntA</i> gene was found in holothurians, which is present only in invertebrates and can perform unique functions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this regard, both these genes and proteins were studied in this work. During regeneration, the Wnt4 protein is found in the cells of the coelomic and ambulacral epithelium, retractor muscles, and radial nerves. Single cells with this protein are also found in the connective tissue of the developing aquapharyngeal bulb and in the hypoderm of the body wall. Cells with WntA are found exclusively in the hypoderm of the body wall.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assume that both genes are involved in regeneration, but Wnt4 coordinates the formation of the epithelial tissue structure, while WntA maintains the state of the intercellular substance of the body wall.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41240125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Engrailed-1 (EN1) is a developmental gene that encodes En1, a highly conserved transcription factor involved in regionalization during early embryogenesis and in the later maintenance of normal neurons. After birth, EN1 still plays a role in the development and physiology of the body; for example, it exerts a protective effect on midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons, and loss of EN1 causes mDA neurons in the ventral midbrain to gradually die approximately 6 weeks after birth, resulting in motor and nonmotor symptoms similar to those observed in Parkinson's disease. Notably, EN1 has been identified as a possible susceptibility gene for idiopathic Parkinson's disease in humans. EN1 is involved in the processes of wound-healing scar production and tissue and organ fibrosis. Additionally, EN1 can lead to tumorigenesis and thus provides a target for the treatment of some tumors. In this review, we summarize the effects of EN1 on embryonic organ development, describe the consequences of the deletion or overexpression of the EN1 gene, and discuss the pathways in which EN1 is involved. We hope to clarify the role of EN1 as a developmental gene and present potential therapeutic targets for diseases involving the EN1 gene.
{"title":"Engrailed: Pathological and physiological effects of a multifunctional developmental gene","authors":"Xiang Ma, Liang-Liang Zhao, Yi-Chun Yu, Yan Cheng","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23557","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23557","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Engrailed-1 (EN1) is a developmental gene that encodes En1, a highly conserved transcription factor involved in regionalization during early embryogenesis and in the later maintenance of normal neurons. After birth, EN1 still plays a role in the development and physiology of the body; for example, it exerts a protective effect on midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons, and loss of EN1 causes mDA neurons in the ventral midbrain to gradually die approximately 6 weeks after birth, resulting in motor and nonmotor symptoms similar to those observed in Parkinson's disease. Notably, EN1 has been identified as a possible susceptibility gene for idiopathic Parkinson's disease in humans. EN1 is involved in the processes of wound-healing scar production and tissue and organ fibrosis. Additionally, EN1 can lead to tumorigenesis and thus provides a target for the treatment of some tumors. In this review, we summarize the effects of EN1 on embryonic organ development, describe the consequences of the deletion or overexpression of the EN1 gene, and discuss the pathways in which EN1 is involved. We hope to clarify the role of EN1 as a developmental gene and present potential therapeutic targets for diseases involving the EN1 gene.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41216947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Rosales-Vega, Diana Reséndez-Pérez, Martha Vázquez
Hox genes encode transcription factors that play an important role in establishing the basic body plan of animals. In Drosophila, Antennapedia is one of the five genes that make up the Antennapedia complex (ANT-C). Antennapedia determines the identity of the second thoracic segment, known as the mesothorax. Misexpression of Antennapedia at different developmental stages changes the identity of the mesothorax, including the muscles, nervous system, and cuticle. In Drosophila, Antennapedia has two distinct promoters highly regulated throughout development by several transcription factors. Antennapedia proteins are found with other transcription factors in different ANTENNAPEDIA transcriptional complexes to regulate multiple subsets of target genes. In this review, we describe the different mechanisms that regulate the expression and function of Antennapedia and the role of this Hox gene in the development of Drosophila.
{"title":"Antennapedia: The complexity of a master developmental transcription factor","authors":"Marco Rosales-Vega, Diana Reséndez-Pérez, Martha Vázquez","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23561","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23561","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hox genes encode transcription factors that play an important role in establishing the basic body plan of animals. In <i>Drosophila</i>, <i>Antennapedia</i> is one of the five genes that make up the Antennapedia complex (ANT-C). Antennapedia determines the identity of the second thoracic segment, known as the mesothorax. Misexpression of <i>Antennapedia</i> at different developmental stages changes the identity of the mesothorax, including the muscles, nervous system, and cuticle. In <i>Drosophila</i>, <i>Antennapedia</i> has two distinct promoters highly regulated throughout development by several transcription factors. Antennapedia proteins are found with other transcription factors in different ANTENNAPEDIA transcriptional complexes to regulate multiple subsets of target genes. In this review, we describe the different mechanisms that regulate the expression and function of <i>Antennapedia</i> and the role of this Hox gene in the development of <i>Drosophila</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41216946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>Growing up by the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, I developed a strong curiosity regarding marine lifeforms, along with a strong desire to protect them. I focused my efforts on pursuing an academic career as a marine biologist, developing my own field of expertise. As Jerry Garcia of The Grateful Dead once said: “It's not enough to be the best at what you do; you must be perceived to be the only one who does what you do.” Thus, upon completing my MSc studies on coral bleaching (2001–2003) I shifted my focus to ascidians (Chordata, Ascidiacea), a unique group of invertebrates that until then had been poorly studied in the Red Sea and Eastern Mediterranean. With the rapid arrival and spread of non-indigenous ascidians around the world, and the increasing use of some species as model organisms in evolution and development research, a demand has arisen to understand ascidian ecology, physiology, and taxonomy in greater depth. Following my post-doctoral training with Prof. Billie Swalla at the University of Washington, USA (2009–2011) I established my own laboratory at Tel Aviv University, School of Zoology (2012). Working with my research team at Tel Aviv University, we use the exceptional physiological features ascidians possess to find solutions to burning questions in marine environmental protection and evolution and development, along with providing recommendations for mitigation and control of nuisance species. Furthermore, as I am an expert taxonomist of this group, my team regularly monitors and actively promotes the identification of ascidian species of the region, establishing a solid database for international collaborations. I am perpetually amazed by the complexity, diversity, and beauty of the ascidian fauna along both the Mediterranean and Red Sea coasts of Israel (Figure 1); the majority of species from these regions are yet to be identified and hold exciting discoveries in the fields of evolution, development, ecology, natural products, and more. To date, my research team has published over 70 papers thoroughly representing my three fields of research: (1) Marine Bioinvasion (Bereza & Shenkar, <span>2022</span>; Gewing & Shenkar, <span>2017</span>) (2) Ascidian ecology, phylogeny, and regeneration (Gordon et al., <span>2020</span>; Gordon et al., <span>2021</span>; Shenkar, <span>2013</span>; Shenkar et al., <span>2016</span>; Shenkar & Gordon, <span>2015</span>); and (3) Ecotoxicology, in particular the use of ascidians as biological indicators of marine environments (Anderson & Shenkar, <span>2021</span>; Navon et al., <span>2020</span>; Tzafriri-Milo et al., <span>2019</span>; Vered et al., <span>2019</span>; Vered & Shenkar, <span>2022</span>). I have been awarded several competitive grants and awards: Marie Curie Career Integration Grant, German-Israeli Foundation, US-Israel Binational Science Foundation, Schulich Ocean Studies, Israel Science Foundation, and the Caroline von Humboldt prize for Excellent F
我在地中海沿岸长大，对海洋生物产生了强烈的好奇心，同时也产生了保护它们的强烈愿望。我把精力集中在追求海洋生物学家的学术生涯上，发展自己的专业领域。正如Grateful Dead乐队的杰里·加西亚（Jerry Garcia）曾经说过的那样：“在你所做的事情上做到最好是不够的；你必须被认为是唯一一个做你所做的事情的人。”因此，在完成我的硕士研究珊瑚白化（2001-2003）后，我将我的重点转移到了海鞘（脊索类，海鞘科），这是一种独特的无脊椎动物，在此之前，人们对红海和东地中海的研究很少。随着非本地海鞘在世界范围内的迅速到来和传播，以及一些物种作为模式生物在进化和发展研究中的越来越多的使用，人们对海鞘的生态学、生理学和分类学有了更深入的了解。在美国华盛顿大学（2009-2011）跟随Billie Swalla教授进行博士后培训后，我在特拉维夫大学动物学院（2012）建立了自己的实验室。与我在特拉维夫大学的研究团队合作，我们利用海asciian拥有的特殊生理特征来寻找解决海洋环境保护和进化与发展中的紧迫问题的方法，同时为减轻和控制有害物种提供建议。此外，由于我是本小组的专家分类学家，我的团队定期监测并积极促进本地区海鞘物种的鉴定，为国际合作建立了坚实的数据库。我一直对地中海和以色列红海沿岸海鞘动物群的复杂性、多样性和美丽感到惊讶（图1）；这些地区的大多数物种尚未被识别，并在进化、发展、生态学、天然产物等领域取得了令人兴奋的发现。迄今为止，我的研究团队已经发表了70多篇论文，全面代表了我的三个研究领域：(1)海洋生物入侵(Bereza &；申卡尔,2022;Gewing,(2)海鞘生态学、系统发育与再生(Gordon et al., 2020；Gordon et al., 2021；申卡尔,2013;Shenkar et al., 2016；申卡尔,戈登,2015);(3)生态毒理学，特别是使用海鞘作为海洋环境的生物指标(Anderson &；申卡尔,2021;Navon et al., 2020；Tzafriri-Milo等人，2019；verde等人，2019；版本,申卡尔,2022)。我曾获得多项有竞争力的资助和奖励：玛丽·居里事业整合奖、德国-以色列基金会、美国-以色列两国科学基金会、舒利希海洋研究、以色列科学基金会、卡洛琳·冯·洪堡杰出女科学家奖。这些成就要归功于多年来我的导师Yossi Loya教授和海鞘界的重要人物对我的大力支持：Gretchen和Charley Lambert， Rosana Moreira da Rocha， Xavier Turon和Francoise Monniot（图2）。我最喜欢的轶事之一是，我以我的两个孩子Ido和Neta （Shenkar, 2013）的名字命名了一种来自红海的美丽海鞘物种Rhopolaea idoneta (Shenkar, 2013)，并与我以前的学生Tal Gordon错误地发现了孤独的海鞘Polycarpa mytiligera的能力，它可以在12天内取出消化系统并重建一个新的消化系统(Shenkar &；戈登,2015)。最后但并非最不重要的是，我是少数拥有日本天皇陛下收藏的《相模湾海志》原版的人之一。
{"title":"Sea squirts adventures","authors":"Noa Shenkar","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23560","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23560","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Growing up by the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, I developed a strong curiosity regarding marine lifeforms, along with a strong desire to protect them. I focused my efforts on pursuing an academic career as a marine biologist, developing my own field of expertise. As Jerry Garcia of The Grateful Dead once said: “It's not enough to be the best at what you do; you must be perceived to be the only one who does what you do.” Thus, upon completing my MSc studies on coral bleaching (2001–2003) I shifted my focus to ascidians (Chordata, Ascidiacea), a unique group of invertebrates that until then had been poorly studied in the Red Sea and Eastern Mediterranean. With the rapid arrival and spread of non-indigenous ascidians around the world, and the increasing use of some species as model organisms in evolution and development research, a demand has arisen to understand ascidian ecology, physiology, and taxonomy in greater depth. Following my post-doctoral training with Prof. Billie Swalla at the University of Washington, USA (2009–2011) I established my own laboratory at Tel Aviv University, School of Zoology (2012). Working with my research team at Tel Aviv University, we use the exceptional physiological features ascidians possess to find solutions to burning questions in marine environmental protection and evolution and development, along with providing recommendations for mitigation and control of nuisance species. Furthermore, as I am an expert taxonomist of this group, my team regularly monitors and actively promotes the identification of ascidian species of the region, establishing a solid database for international collaborations. I am perpetually amazed by the complexity, diversity, and beauty of the ascidian fauna along both the Mediterranean and Red Sea coasts of Israel (Figure 1); the majority of species from these regions are yet to be identified and hold exciting discoveries in the fields of evolution, development, ecology, natural products, and more. To date, my research team has published over 70 papers thoroughly representing my three fields of research: (1) Marine Bioinvasion (Bereza & Shenkar, <span>2022</span>; Gewing & Shenkar, <span>2017</span>) (2) Ascidian ecology, phylogeny, and regeneration (Gordon et al., <span>2020</span>; Gordon et al., <span>2021</span>; Shenkar, <span>2013</span>; Shenkar et al., <span>2016</span>; Shenkar & Gordon, <span>2015</span>); and (3) Ecotoxicology, in particular the use of ascidians as biological indicators of marine environments (Anderson & Shenkar, <span>2021</span>; Navon et al., <span>2020</span>; Tzafriri-Milo et al., <span>2019</span>; Vered et al., <span>2019</span>; Vered & Shenkar, <span>2022</span>). I have been awarded several competitive grants and awards: Marie Curie Career Integration Grant, German-Israeli Foundation, US-Israel Binational Science Foundation, Schulich Ocean Studies, Israel Science Foundation, and the Caroline von Humboldt prize for Excellent F","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41216948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ascidian biodiversity in Brazil and other Latin American countries","authors":"Rosana Moreira da Rocha","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23558","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23558","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41172186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanisms of self-incompatibility in ascidians","authors":"Takako Saito","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23556","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23556","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41138233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Giuseppina Ortolani (1951–2009): A “grande dame” in ascidian embryology","authors":"Fiorenza De Bernardi","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23559","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23559","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41167065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号