Marco Rosales-Vega, Diana Reséndez-Pérez, Martha Vázquez
Hox genes encode transcription factors that play an important role in establishing the basic body plan of animals. In Drosophila, Antennapedia is one of the five genes that make up the Antennapedia complex (ANT-C). Antennapedia determines the identity of the second thoracic segment, known as the mesothorax. Misexpression of Antennapedia at different developmental stages changes the identity of the mesothorax, including the muscles, nervous system, and cuticle. In Drosophila, Antennapedia has two distinct promoters highly regulated throughout development by several transcription factors. Antennapedia proteins are found with other transcription factors in different ANTENNAPEDIA transcriptional complexes to regulate multiple subsets of target genes. In this review, we describe the different mechanisms that regulate the expression and function of Antennapedia and the role of this Hox gene in the development of Drosophila.
{"title":"Antennapedia: The complexity of a master developmental transcription factor","authors":"Marco Rosales-Vega, Diana Reséndez-Pérez, Martha Vázquez","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23561","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23561","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hox genes encode transcription factors that play an important role in establishing the basic body plan of animals. In <i>Drosophila</i>, <i>Antennapedia</i> is one of the five genes that make up the Antennapedia complex (ANT-C). Antennapedia determines the identity of the second thoracic segment, known as the mesothorax. Misexpression of <i>Antennapedia</i> at different developmental stages changes the identity of the mesothorax, including the muscles, nervous system, and cuticle. In <i>Drosophila</i>, <i>Antennapedia</i> has two distinct promoters highly regulated throughout development by several transcription factors. Antennapedia proteins are found with other transcription factors in different ANTENNAPEDIA transcriptional complexes to regulate multiple subsets of target genes. In this review, we describe the different mechanisms that regulate the expression and function of <i>Antennapedia</i> and the role of this Hox gene in the development of <i>Drosophila</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41216946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>Growing up by the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, I developed a strong curiosity regarding marine lifeforms, along with a strong desire to protect them. I focused my efforts on pursuing an academic career as a marine biologist, developing my own field of expertise. As Jerry Garcia of The Grateful Dead once said: “It's not enough to be the best at what you do; you must be perceived to be the only one who does what you do.” Thus, upon completing my MSc studies on coral bleaching (2001–2003) I shifted my focus to ascidians (Chordata, Ascidiacea), a unique group of invertebrates that until then had been poorly studied in the Red Sea and Eastern Mediterranean. With the rapid arrival and spread of non-indigenous ascidians around the world, and the increasing use of some species as model organisms in evolution and development research, a demand has arisen to understand ascidian ecology, physiology, and taxonomy in greater depth. Following my post-doctoral training with Prof. Billie Swalla at the University of Washington, USA (2009–2011) I established my own laboratory at Tel Aviv University, School of Zoology (2012). Working with my research team at Tel Aviv University, we use the exceptional physiological features ascidians possess to find solutions to burning questions in marine environmental protection and evolution and development, along with providing recommendations for mitigation and control of nuisance species. Furthermore, as I am an expert taxonomist of this group, my team regularly monitors and actively promotes the identification of ascidian species of the region, establishing a solid database for international collaborations. I am perpetually amazed by the complexity, diversity, and beauty of the ascidian fauna along both the Mediterranean and Red Sea coasts of Israel (Figure 1); the majority of species from these regions are yet to be identified and hold exciting discoveries in the fields of evolution, development, ecology, natural products, and more. To date, my research team has published over 70 papers thoroughly representing my three fields of research: (1) Marine Bioinvasion (Bereza & Shenkar, <span>2022</span>; Gewing & Shenkar, <span>2017</span>) (2) Ascidian ecology, phylogeny, and regeneration (Gordon et al., <span>2020</span>; Gordon et al., <span>2021</span>; Shenkar, <span>2013</span>; Shenkar et al., <span>2016</span>; Shenkar & Gordon, <span>2015</span>); and (3) Ecotoxicology, in particular the use of ascidians as biological indicators of marine environments (Anderson & Shenkar, <span>2021</span>; Navon et al., <span>2020</span>; Tzafriri-Milo et al., <span>2019</span>; Vered et al., <span>2019</span>; Vered & Shenkar, <span>2022</span>). I have been awarded several competitive grants and awards: Marie Curie Career Integration Grant, German-Israeli Foundation, US-Israel Binational Science Foundation, Schulich Ocean Studies, Israel Science Foundation, and the Caroline von Humboldt prize for Excellent F
{"title":"Sea squirts adventures","authors":"Noa Shenkar","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23560","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23560","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Growing up by the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, I developed a strong curiosity regarding marine lifeforms, along with a strong desire to protect them. I focused my efforts on pursuing an academic career as a marine biologist, developing my own field of expertise. As Jerry Garcia of The Grateful Dead once said: “It's not enough to be the best at what you do; you must be perceived to be the only one who does what you do.” Thus, upon completing my MSc studies on coral bleaching (2001–2003) I shifted my focus to ascidians (Chordata, Ascidiacea), a unique group of invertebrates that until then had been poorly studied in the Red Sea and Eastern Mediterranean. With the rapid arrival and spread of non-indigenous ascidians around the world, and the increasing use of some species as model organisms in evolution and development research, a demand has arisen to understand ascidian ecology, physiology, and taxonomy in greater depth. Following my post-doctoral training with Prof. Billie Swalla at the University of Washington, USA (2009–2011) I established my own laboratory at Tel Aviv University, School of Zoology (2012). Working with my research team at Tel Aviv University, we use the exceptional physiological features ascidians possess to find solutions to burning questions in marine environmental protection and evolution and development, along with providing recommendations for mitigation and control of nuisance species. Furthermore, as I am an expert taxonomist of this group, my team regularly monitors and actively promotes the identification of ascidian species of the region, establishing a solid database for international collaborations. I am perpetually amazed by the complexity, diversity, and beauty of the ascidian fauna along both the Mediterranean and Red Sea coasts of Israel (Figure 1); the majority of species from these regions are yet to be identified and hold exciting discoveries in the fields of evolution, development, ecology, natural products, and more. To date, my research team has published over 70 papers thoroughly representing my three fields of research: (1) Marine Bioinvasion (Bereza & Shenkar, <span>2022</span>; Gewing & Shenkar, <span>2017</span>) (2) Ascidian ecology, phylogeny, and regeneration (Gordon et al., <span>2020</span>; Gordon et al., <span>2021</span>; Shenkar, <span>2013</span>; Shenkar et al., <span>2016</span>; Shenkar & Gordon, <span>2015</span>); and (3) Ecotoxicology, in particular the use of ascidians as biological indicators of marine environments (Anderson & Shenkar, <span>2021</span>; Navon et al., <span>2020</span>; Tzafriri-Milo et al., <span>2019</span>; Vered et al., <span>2019</span>; Vered & Shenkar, <span>2022</span>). I have been awarded several competitive grants and awards: Marie Curie Career Integration Grant, German-Israeli Foundation, US-Israel Binational Science Foundation, Schulich Ocean Studies, Israel Science Foundation, and the Caroline von Humboldt prize for Excellent F","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41216948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ascidian biodiversity in Brazil and other Latin American countries","authors":"Rosana Moreira da Rocha","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23558","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23558","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41172186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanisms of self-incompatibility in ascidians","authors":"Takako Saito","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23556","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23556","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41138233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Giuseppina Ortolani (1951–2009): A “grande dame” in ascidian embryology","authors":"Fiorenza De Bernardi","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23559","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23559","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41167065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick Aouad, Hazel M. Quinn, Adeline Berger, Cathrin Brisken
More than two-thirds of cancer-related deaths are attributable to metastases. In some tumor types metastasis can occur up to 20 years after diagnosis and successful treatment of the primary tumor, a phenomenon termed late recurrence. Metastases arise from disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) that leave the primary tumor early on in tumor development, either as single cells or clusters, adapt to new environments, and reduce or shut down their proliferation entering a state of dormancy for prolonged periods of time. Dormancy has been difficult to track clinically and study experimentally. Recent advances in technology and disease modeling have provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms orchestrating dormancy and the switch to a proliferative state. A new role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in inducing plasticity and maintaining a dormant state in several cancer models has been revealed. In this review, we summarize the major findings linking EMT to dormancy control and highlight the importance of pre-clinical models and tumor/tissue context when designing studies. Understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling dormant DTCs is pivotal in developing new therapeutic agents that prevent distant recurrence by maintaining a dormant state.
{"title":"Tumor dormancy: EMT beyond invasion and metastasis","authors":"Patrick Aouad, Hazel M. Quinn, Adeline Berger, Cathrin Brisken","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23552","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23552","url":null,"abstract":"<p>More than two-thirds of cancer-related deaths are attributable to metastases. In some tumor types metastasis can occur up to 20 years after diagnosis and successful treatment of the primary tumor, a phenomenon termed late recurrence. Metastases arise from disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) that leave the primary tumor early on in tumor development, either as single cells or clusters, adapt to new environments, and reduce or shut down their proliferation entering a state of dormancy for prolonged periods of time. Dormancy has been difficult to track clinically and study experimentally. Recent advances in technology and disease modeling have provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms orchestrating dormancy and the switch to a proliferative state. A new role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in inducing plasticity and maintaining a dormant state in several cancer models has been revealed. In this review, we summarize the major findings linking EMT to dormancy control and highlight the importance of pre-clinical models and tumor/tissue context when designing studies. Understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling dormant DTCs is pivotal in developing new therapeutic agents that prevent distant recurrence by maintaining a dormant state.</p>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23552","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41135064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two Ciona sister species are not just complex, but wonderful: A study of maternal mRNAs to safeguard life on earth","authors":"Atsuko Sato","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23555","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23555","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41160085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adriano S. Santos, Ester S. Ramos, Vera L. S. Valente-Gaiesky, Fábio de Melo Sene, Maura H. Manfrin
DNA methylation with 5-methylcytosine (5mC) has been reported in the genome of several eukaryotes, with marked differences between vertebrates and invertebrates. DNA methylation is poorly understood as its role in evolution in insects. Drosophila gouveai (cluster Drosophila buzzatii) presents larvae that develop obligatorily in necrotic tissues of cacti in nature, with the distribution of populations in South America, and plasticity of phenotypes in insect–plant interaction. We characterize organisms at developmental stages and analyze variations at multiple methylation-sensitive loci in pupae, and adult flies using methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism. We obtained 326 loci with CCGG targets in the genome of D. gouveai. Genomic regions with molecular lengths from 100 to 700 pb were most informative about methylation states. Multiple loci show differences in methylation-sensitive sites (MSL) concerning developmental stages, such as in pupae (MSL = 40), female reproductive tissue (MSL = 76), and male reproductive tissues (MSL = 58). Our results are the first evidence of genome-wide methylation in D. gouveai organisms.
{"title":"Evidences of differential methylation in the genome during development in the cactophilic Drosophila species","authors":"Adriano S. Santos, Ester S. Ramos, Vera L. S. Valente-Gaiesky, Fábio de Melo Sene, Maura H. Manfrin","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23554","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23554","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DNA methylation with 5-methylcytosine (5mC) has been reported in the genome of several eukaryotes, with marked differences between vertebrates and invertebrates. DNA methylation is poorly understood as its role in evolution in insects. <i>Drosophila gouveai</i> (cluster <i>Drosophila buzzatii</i>) presents larvae that develop obligatorily in necrotic tissues of cacti in nature, with the distribution of populations in South America, and plasticity of phenotypes in insect–plant interaction. We characterize organisms at developmental stages and analyze variations at multiple methylation-sensitive <i>loci</i> in pupae, and adult flies using methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism. We obtained 326 <i>loci</i> with CCGG targets in the genome of <i>D. gouveai</i>. Genomic regions with molecular lengths from 100 to 700 pb were most informative about methylation states. Multiple <i>loci</i> show differences in methylation-sensitive sites (MSL) concerning developmental stages, such as in pupae (MSL = 40), female reproductive tissue (MSL = 76), and male reproductive tissues (MSL = 58). Our results are the first evidence of genome-wide methylation in <i>D. gouveai</i> organisms.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41149647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A long and winding but exciting road: Biodiversity, phylogenetic, and biogeographic relationships of ascidians in the Southwest Atlantic","authors":"M. Carla de Aranzamendi","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23551","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23551","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41155241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The story of my research with ascidians","authors":"Fiorenza De Bernardi","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23550","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23550","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41148568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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