Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855738
R. Allan, G. Strbac, M. Kay
This paper reviews the apparent strengths and weaknesses of existing security standards in respect of the assumed contribution that embedded generation can make to the security of power systems and the loads attached to it. It first outlines the background and weaknesses of these standards together with the need for alternative approaches that can be used to measure the contribution of embedded generation to security. Feasibility studies of two such alternative approaches indicate a new way forward in creating appropriate security standards in networks containing all forms of embedded generation. The need for these are very important since the use of embedded generation (including renewables and other forms) is expected to increase dramatically in the future with a contribution of up to about 15% of total capacity being forecasted.
{"title":"Security standards and contribution made by embedded generation","authors":"R. Allan, G. Strbac, M. Kay","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855738","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the apparent strengths and weaknesses of existing security standards in respect of the assumed contribution that embedded generation can make to the security of power systems and the loads attached to it. It first outlines the background and weaknesses of these standards together with the need for alternative approaches that can be used to measure the contribution of embedded generation to security. Feasibility studies of two such alternative approaches indicate a new way forward in creating appropriate security standards in networks containing all forms of embedded generation. The need for these are very important since the use of embedded generation (including renewables and other forms) is expected to increase dramatically in the future with a contribution of up to about 15% of total capacity being forecasted.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126260009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855709
C. Tse, K. Wang, C. Y. Chung, K. Tsang
An approach for robust PSS design is presented in this paper, in which multi-operating conditions of a power system is considered by the probabilistic technique. With the assumption of normal distribution, the distribution properties of eigenvalues are obtained by the probabilistic eigenvalue analysis, and described by expectations and variances. To enhance system damping by using PSSs, effects of PSSs on both eigenvalue expectation and variance have been determined, and the conventional eigenvalue sensitivity analysis has been extended to a probabilistic environment. Two types of probabilistic sensitivity indices (PSIs) are formed and employed for robust PSS site selection and PSS parameters adjustment.
{"title":"Robust PSS design considering multi-operating conditions","authors":"C. Tse, K. Wang, C. Y. Chung, K. Tsang","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855709","url":null,"abstract":"An approach for robust PSS design is presented in this paper, in which multi-operating conditions of a power system is considered by the probabilistic technique. With the assumption of normal distribution, the distribution properties of eigenvalues are obtained by the probabilistic eigenvalue analysis, and described by expectations and variances. To enhance system damping by using PSSs, effects of PSSs on both eigenvalue expectation and variance have been determined, and the conventional eigenvalue sensitivity analysis has been extended to a probabilistic environment. Two types of probabilistic sensitivity indices (PSIs) are formed and employed for robust PSS site selection and PSS parameters adjustment.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128728439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855696
R. Hakvoort
In the process of liberalising the electricity market, hardly a single country has dared to introduce competition in transmission and distribution. Policy makers restrict the market to generation and supply, mainly based on the assumption that competition in transmission is impossible due to natural monopoly characteristics of the network. This paper investigates the options for competition in transmission. New information technology makes it possible to track individual grid use, so the classic 'collective good' argument applied to electricity transmission loses importance. FACTS technologies hold the promise of more efficient grid management by influencing load flows and improving system stability. Finally, miniaturisation of generation systems may lead to decentral power supply, which, at the extreme, results in self-supporting districts not needing a connection to the high voltage grid any more. After a comparison with the evolution of other network infrastructures it is concluded that a new view on the electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure is called for with far-reaching consequences for policy makers and regulators.
{"title":"Technology and restructuring the electricity market","authors":"R. Hakvoort","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855696","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of liberalising the electricity market, hardly a single country has dared to introduce competition in transmission and distribution. Policy makers restrict the market to generation and supply, mainly based on the assumption that competition in transmission is impossible due to natural monopoly characteristics of the network. This paper investigates the options for competition in transmission. New information technology makes it possible to track individual grid use, so the classic 'collective good' argument applied to electricity transmission loses importance. FACTS technologies hold the promise of more efficient grid management by influencing load flows and improving system stability. Finally, miniaturisation of generation systems may lead to decentral power supply, which, at the extreme, results in self-supporting districts not needing a connection to the high voltage grid any more. After a comparison with the evolution of other network infrastructures it is concluded that a new view on the electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure is called for with far-reaching consequences for policy makers and regulators.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"23 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120922160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855681
H. Pope
Restructuring of the California electric industry, known in California as direct access (DA), would create a process by which customers could chose another provider of electric energy. The design of direct access was going thorough a tortuous and slow series of proposals, hearings, and decisions by the California Public Utilities Commission(CPUC). However, the slowness of the process frustrated all players-the utilities, the state legislature, and those wishing to enter the huge California market for electric energy. Eventually the utilities began working with the California legislature to enact a statute that would take control of the process. The utilities were anxious to ensure that the process would be orderly, and that some of their desired features could be preserved-and most significantly, the opportunity to recover most of their stranded costs.
{"title":"SCE's deregulation \"direct access implementation project\" the \"California experiences\" (with emphasis on the usage reporting and settlement processes)","authors":"H. Pope","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855681","url":null,"abstract":"Restructuring of the California electric industry, known in California as direct access (DA), would create a process by which customers could chose another provider of electric energy. The design of direct access was going thorough a tortuous and slow series of proposals, hearings, and decisions by the California Public Utilities Commission(CPUC). However, the slowness of the process frustrated all players-the utilities, the state legislature, and those wishing to enter the huge California market for electric energy. Eventually the utilities began working with the California legislature to enact a statute that would take control of the process. The utilities were anxious to ensure that the process would be orderly, and that some of their desired features could be preserved-and most significantly, the opportunity to recover most of their stranded costs.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"292 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120923747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855679
G. Doorman, I. Wangensteen
Provision of peaking capacity in deregulated power systems is an unsolved issue. The paper shows that reserve margins have been declining in several countries. Some existing solutions are discussed, and placed in the broad context of the theory of peak load pricing from the economic literature. On a theoretical basis, the gains of utilizing demand side elasticity are shown. The ideas are illustrated with a description of the situation in the Norwegian market. Finally, some cost aspects of demand side instruments are discussed.
{"title":"Demand side provision of peaking capacity and reserves in deregulated power systems","authors":"G. Doorman, I. Wangensteen","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855679","url":null,"abstract":"Provision of peaking capacity in deregulated power systems is an unsolved issue. The paper shows that reserve margins have been declining in several countries. Some existing solutions are discussed, and placed in the broad context of the theory of peak load pricing from the economic literature. On a theoretical basis, the gains of utilizing demand side elasticity are shown. The ideas are illustrated with a description of the situation in the Norwegian market. Finally, some cost aspects of demand side instruments are discussed.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117127066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855630
T. Yu, P.I. So
This paper proposes a combination of the thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) and static VAr compensator (SVC) installation for enhancing the dynamic performance of a power system. The developed scheme employs a damping controller which coordinates measurement signals to control the TCSC and SVC. The coordinated control method is based on the application of projective controls. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is demonstrated through simulation studies on a single machine to infinite bus system. The simulation results show that the controller can significantly improve the damping performance of the system. In this paper, a current injection model of TCSC is introduced and included in the transmission system model. By using equivalent injected currents at terminal buses to simulate a TCSC no modification of the bus admittance matrix is required at each iteration.
{"title":"Coordinated control of TCSC and SVC for system damping improvement","authors":"T. Yu, P.I. So","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855630","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a combination of the thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) and static VAr compensator (SVC) installation for enhancing the dynamic performance of a power system. The developed scheme employs a damping controller which coordinates measurement signals to control the TCSC and SVC. The coordinated control method is based on the application of projective controls. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is demonstrated through simulation studies on a single machine to infinite bus system. The simulation results show that the controller can significantly improve the damping performance of the system. In this paper, a current injection model of TCSC is introduced and included in the transmission system model. By using equivalent injected currents at terminal buses to simulate a TCSC no modification of the bus admittance matrix is required at each iteration.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126426886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855650
Chen-Ching Liu, Haili Song, J. Lawarree, R. Dahlgren
This paper is a summary of our research on contract decision making in a competitive electricity market. Bidding decision in a spot market is formulated as a Markov decision process that can be used to determine the price and amount of electricity for a supplier. Pricing in a bilateral market is calculated using the no-arbitrage principle and stochastic optimization. We also propose a method to minimize the uncertainty of profit.
{"title":"New methods for electric energy contract decision making","authors":"Chen-Ching Liu, Haili Song, J. Lawarree, R. Dahlgren","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855650","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a summary of our research on contract decision making in a competitive electricity market. Bidding decision in a spot market is formulated as a Markov decision process that can be used to determine the price and amount of electricity for a supplier. Pricing in a bilateral market is calculated using the no-arbitrage principle and stochastic optimization. We also propose a method to minimize the uncertainty of profit.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126657090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855725
W. Charytoniuk, M. Chen
This paper addresses an issue of the optimal design of a neural-network based short-term load forecaster. It describes the process of developing a multilayer, feedforward neural network for load forecasting, and then presents algorithms for performing two important steps of this process, i.e., input variable selection and network structure design. Input variable selection is carried out by forming a set of variables significantly correlated with the forecasted load and then by removing redundant, mutually correlated variables using singular value decomposition techniques. Selection of the optimal number of hidden neurons is based on the observation that oversized networks display near collinearity in the outputs of their hidden neurons. Hence, the presence of redundant hidden neurons can be detected by examining column dependency in the matrix of the hidden neuron outputs computed from the training data. The methodology presented in this paper can be used in the automatic design of an optimal forecaster based on historical data.
{"title":"Neural network design for short-term load forecasting","authors":"W. Charytoniuk, M. Chen","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855725","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses an issue of the optimal design of a neural-network based short-term load forecaster. It describes the process of developing a multilayer, feedforward neural network for load forecasting, and then presents algorithms for performing two important steps of this process, i.e., input variable selection and network structure design. Input variable selection is carried out by forming a set of variables significantly correlated with the forecasted load and then by removing redundant, mutually correlated variables using singular value decomposition techniques. Selection of the optimal number of hidden neurons is based on the observation that oversized networks display near collinearity in the outputs of their hidden neurons. Hence, the presence of redundant hidden neurons can be detected by examining column dependency in the matrix of the hidden neuron outputs computed from the training data. The methodology presented in this paper can be used in the automatic design of an optimal forecaster based on historical data.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130806417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855693
R. Sporild, J. Gjerde, T. Gjengedal
This paper presents the adjustable speed hydro (ASH) machine concept as an alternative for obtaining better utilisation of power networks. Transmission lines appearing as bottlenecks with respect to power demand may increase their transfer capacity as ASH machines are introduced in the network. The paper has given a quantification of how much the power export out of the region can be increased due to the ASH machine introduction. This is valuable not only for the power producer but also for the system operator and for community due to an improved utilisation of the network infrastructure. In turn, this may lead to a postponement of high investments associated with new overhead lines.
{"title":"Enhanced power system operation by application of adjustable speed hydro machines","authors":"R. Sporild, J. Gjerde, T. Gjengedal","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855693","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the adjustable speed hydro (ASH) machine concept as an alternative for obtaining better utilisation of power networks. Transmission lines appearing as bottlenecks with respect to power demand may increase their transfer capacity as ASH machines are introduced in the network. The paper has given a quantification of how much the power export out of the region can be increased due to the ASH machine introduction. This is valuable not only for the power producer but also for the system operator and for community due to an improved utilisation of the network infrastructure. In turn, this may lead to a postponement of high investments associated with new overhead lines.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115048989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855699
P. Stephenson, I. Lungu, J. Silvas, M. Paun
Restructuring of the Romanian electricity industry, currently in progress, requires development from a centralised, monopolistic structure, to a decentralised one having independent producers and a free market for consumers. It has parallels with, and differences from, the United Kingdom free electricity market evolution. The current progress towards a competitive market in Romania is compared with the experience in the UK, the first European market to reach fully competitive status. Consideration is given to the structural and strategic similarities and differences between the electricity industries and their influence on liberalisation processes in the two countries. The three stages projected for the Romanian restructuring are reviewed and progress in Romania is evaluated in relation to the experience in the United Kingdom.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Romanian electricity industry restructuring process in comparison with the experience in the United Kingdom","authors":"P. Stephenson, I. Lungu, J. Silvas, M. Paun","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855699","url":null,"abstract":"Restructuring of the Romanian electricity industry, currently in progress, requires development from a centralised, monopolistic structure, to a decentralised one having independent producers and a free market for consumers. It has parallels with, and differences from, the United Kingdom free electricity market evolution. The current progress towards a competitive market in Romania is compared with the experience in the UK, the first European market to reach fully competitive status. Consideration is given to the structural and strategic similarities and differences between the electricity industries and their influence on liberalisation processes in the two countries. The three stages projected for the Romanian restructuring are reviewed and progress in Romania is evaluated in relation to the experience in the United Kingdom.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"473 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114049241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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