The priming effects (PEs) of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition is a crucial process affecting the C balance of terrestrial ecosystems. However, there is uncertainty about how PEs will respond to climate warming. In this study, we sampled soils along a subtropical elevation gradient in China and conducted a 126-day lab-incubation experiment with and without the addition of 13C-labeled high-bioavailability glucose or low-bioavailability lignin. Based on the mean annual temperature (MAT) of each elevation (9.3–16.4°C), a temperature increase of 4°C was used to explore how PEs mediate the decomposition of SOC in response to warming. Our results showed that the magnitude of glucose-induced PEs (PEglucose) was higher than lignin-induced PEs (PElignin), with both PEs linearly increasing with MAT. Across the MAT (i.e., elevation) gradient, short-term warming had a constant magnitude of negative effects on PEglucose, whereas rising MAT exacerbated the negative effects of short-term warming on PElignin. Moreover, the temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition decreased after adding glucose and lignin across the MAT gradient, suggesting that fresh C inputs may prime the microbial breakdown of labile SOC under warming. Taken together, warming alleviated SOC loss due to PEs through varying mechanisms depending on substrate bioavailability. Warming mediated the PEglucose by increasing available nitrogen and weakening microbial nitrogen-mining but inhibited the PElignin by shifting from microbial nitrogen-mining to microbial co-metabolization. Our findings highlight the role of warming in regulating the PEs and suggest that incorporating the suppression effect of warming on PEs can contribute to the accurate prediction of soil C dynamics in a warming world.
土壤有机碳(SOC)分解的启动效应(PEs)是影响陆地生态系统碳平衡的关键过程。然而,土壤有机碳分解对气候变暖的响应尚不确定。在本研究中,我们沿中国亚热带海拔梯度对土壤进行了取样,并在添加和不添加 13C 标记的高生物利用率葡萄糖或低生物利用率木质素的情况下进行了为期 126 天的实验室培养实验。根据每个海拔高度的年平均气温(9.3-16.4°C),我们采用升温 4°C 的方法来探讨 PE 如何在气候变暖时介导 SOC 的分解。我们的结果表明,葡萄糖诱导的 PEs(PEglucose)比木质素诱导的 PEs(PElignin)高,两种 PEs 都随 MAT 线性增加。在 MAT(即海拔高度)梯度上,短期升温对 PEglucose 的负面影响大小不变,而 MAT 升高则加剧了短期升温对 PElignin 的负面影响。此外,加入葡萄糖和木质素后,SOC 分解的温度敏感性在整个 MAT 梯度上都有所下降,这表明在气候变暖的情况下,新鲜 C 输入可能会加速微生物对易变 SOC 的分解。综上所述,升温可通过不同的机制(取决于底物的生物利用率)缓解 PE 导致的 SOC 损失。气候变暖通过增加可利用氮和削弱微生物的采氮作用来介导聚乙烯葡萄糖,但通过从微生物采氮转向微生物协同代谢来抑制聚乙烯木质素。我们的研究结果突显了气候变暖在调节 PEs 方面的作用,并表明将气候变暖对 PEs 的抑制作用纳入其中有助于准确预测气候变暖世界中的土壤碳动态。
{"title":"Warming Reduces Priming Effect of Soil Organic Carbon Decomposition Along a Subtropical Elevation Gradient","authors":"Xiaojie Li, Maokui Lyu, Qiufang Zhang, Jiguang Feng, Xiaofei Liu, Biao Zhu, Xiaohong Wang, Yusheng Yang, Jinsheng Xie","doi":"10.1029/2024GB008113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GB008113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The priming effects (PEs) of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition is a crucial process affecting the C balance of terrestrial ecosystems. However, there is uncertainty about how PEs will respond to climate warming. In this study, we sampled soils along a subtropical elevation gradient in China and conducted a 126-day lab-incubation experiment with and without the addition of <sup>13</sup>C-labeled high-bioavailability glucose or low-bioavailability lignin. Based on the mean annual temperature (MAT) of each elevation (9.3–16.4°C), a temperature increase of 4°C was used to explore how PEs mediate the decomposition of SOC in response to warming. Our results showed that the magnitude of glucose-induced PEs (PE<sub>glucose</sub>) was higher than lignin-induced PEs (PE<sub>lignin</sub>), with both PEs linearly increasing with MAT. Across the MAT (i.e., elevation) gradient, short-term warming had a constant magnitude of negative effects on PE<sub>glucose</sub>, whereas rising MAT exacerbated the negative effects of short-term warming on PE<sub>lignin</sub>. Moreover, the temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition decreased after adding glucose and lignin across the MAT gradient, suggesting that fresh C inputs may prime the microbial breakdown of labile SOC under warming. Taken together, warming alleviated SOC loss due to PEs through varying mechanisms depending on substrate bioavailability. Warming mediated the PE<sub>glucose</sub> by increasing available nitrogen and weakening microbial nitrogen-mining but inhibited the PE<sub>lignin</sub> by shifting from microbial nitrogen-mining to microbial co-metabolization. Our findings highlight the role of warming in regulating the PEs and suggest that incorporating the suppression effect of warming on PEs can contribute to the accurate prediction of soil C dynamics in a warming world.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141304181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emilie Le Roy, Matthew A. Charette, Paul B. Henderson, Alan M. Shiller, Willard S. Moore, Nathaniel Kemnitz, Douglas E. Hammond, Tristan J. Horner
Radium-226(226Ra) and barium (Ba) exhibit similar chemical behaviors and distributions in the marine environment, serving as valuable tracers of water masses, ocean mixing, and productivity. Despite their similar distributions, these elements originate from distinct sources and undergo disparate biogeochemical cycles, which might complicate the use of these tracers. In this study, we investigate these processes by analyzing a full-depth ocean section of 226Ra activities (T1/2 = 1,600 years) and barium concentrations obtained from samples collected along the US GEOTRACES GP15 Pacific Meridional Transect during September–November 2018, spanning from Alaska to Tahiti. We find that surface waters possess low levels of 226Ra and Ba due to export of sinking particulates, surpassing inputs from the continental margins. In contrast, deep waters have higher 226Ra activities and Ba concentrations due to inputs from particle regeneration and sedimentary sources, with 226Ra inputs primarily resulting from the decay of 230Th in sediments. Further, dissolved 226Ra and Ba exhibit a strong correlation along the GP15 section. To elucidate the drivers of the correlation, we used a water mass analysis, enabling us to quantify the influence of water mass mixing relative to non-conservative processes. While a significant fraction of each element's distribution can be explained by conservative mixing, a considerable fraction cannot. The balance is driven using non-conservative processes, such as sedimentary, rivers, or hydrothermal inputs, uptake and export by particles, and particle remineralization. Our study demonstrates the utility of 226Ra and Ba as valuable biogeochemical tracers for understanding ocean processes, while shedding light on conservative and myriad non-conservative processes that shape their respective distributions.
{"title":"Controls on Dissolved Barium and Radium-226 Distributions in the Pacific Ocean Along GEOTRACES GP15","authors":"Emilie Le Roy, Matthew A. Charette, Paul B. Henderson, Alan M. Shiller, Willard S. Moore, Nathaniel Kemnitz, Douglas E. Hammond, Tristan J. Horner","doi":"10.1029/2023GB008005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB008005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Radium-226(<sup>226</sup>Ra) and barium (Ba) exhibit similar chemical behaviors and distributions in the marine environment, serving as valuable tracers of water masses, ocean mixing, and productivity. Despite their similar distributions, these elements originate from distinct sources and undergo disparate biogeochemical cycles, which might complicate the use of these tracers. In this study, we investigate these processes by analyzing a full-depth ocean section of <sup>226</sup>Ra activities (<i>T</i><sub>1/2</sub> = 1,600 years) and barium concentrations obtained from samples collected along the US GEOTRACES GP15 Pacific Meridional Transect during September–November 2018, spanning from Alaska to Tahiti. We find that surface waters possess low levels of <sup>226</sup>Ra and Ba due to export of sinking particulates, surpassing inputs from the continental margins. In contrast, deep waters have higher <sup>226</sup>Ra activities and Ba concentrations due to inputs from particle regeneration and sedimentary sources, with <sup>226</sup>Ra inputs primarily resulting from the decay of <sup>230</sup>Th in sediments. Further, dissolved <sup>226</sup>Ra and Ba exhibit a strong correlation along the GP15 section. To elucidate the drivers of the correlation, we used a water mass analysis, enabling us to quantify the influence of water mass mixing relative to non-conservative processes. While a significant fraction of each element's distribution can be explained by conservative mixing, a considerable fraction cannot. The balance is driven using non-conservative processes, such as sedimentary, rivers, or hydrothermal inputs, uptake and export by particles, and particle remineralization. Our study demonstrates the utility of <sup>226</sup>Ra and Ba as valuable biogeochemical tracers for understanding ocean processes, while shedding light on conservative and myriad non-conservative processes that shape their respective distributions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023GB008005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141304156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ping Yang, Hong Yang, Yan Hong, Xiao Lin, Linhai Zhang, Chuan Tong, Derrick Y. F. Lai, Lishan Tan, Yongxin Lin, Yalan Tian, Kam W. Tang
Plant invasion and land reclamation have drastically transformed the landscape of coastal wetlands globally, but their resulting effects on soil organic nitrogen (SON) mineralization and nitrous oxide (N2O) production remain unclear. In this study, we examined 21 coastal wetlands across southern China that have undergone habitat transformation from native mudflats (MFs) to Spartina alterniflora marshes (SAs), and subsequently to earthen aquaculture ponds (APs). We determined the SON net mineralization rate and the presence of pertinent enzyme-encoding genes, namely chiA, pepA, and pepN. The SON net mineralization rate increased by 46.7% following the conversion of MFs to SAs but decreased by 33.1% in response to the transformation of SAs to APs. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the estimated mineralization efficiency of soil microbes among the habitat types. The results of structural equation modeling showed that N-mineralization gene abundance played a major role in regulating SON mineralization. Although less than 20% of the SON was estimated to be labile/semi-labile, SON mineralization was important in sustaining soil N2O production, with 5.8% of the mineralized N being fed into N2O production. Overall, our findings showed that the presence of S. alterniflora increased both SON content and mineralization rate, which would in turn promote further proliferation of this exotic plant along the coast. The conversion of S. alterniflora marshes to APs partially mitigated the positive effects of exotic plant invasion on SON turnover.
植物入侵和土地开垦极大地改变了全球沿海湿地的景观,但它们对土壤有机氮(SON)矿化和一氧化二氮(N2O)产生的影响仍不清楚。在这项研究中,我们考察了中国南方 21 个沿海湿地,这些湿地的生境经历了从原生滩涂(MFs)到Spartina alterniflora沼泽(SAs),再到土质水产养殖池塘(APs)的转变。我们测定了 SON 的净矿化率以及相关酶编码基因(即 chiA、pepA 和 pepN)的存在情况。在 MFs 转化为 SAs 后,SON 净矿化率提高了 46.7%,但在 SAs 转化为 APs 后,SON 净矿化率降低了 33.1%。尽管如此,不同生境类型的土壤微生物矿化效率估计值并无明显差异。结构方程模型的结果表明,N矿化基因丰度在调节SON矿化过程中发挥了重要作用。虽然据估计只有不到20%的SON是可亲和/半亲和性的,但SON矿化对维持土壤N2O的产生非常重要,5.8%的矿化氮被用于N2O的产生。总之,我们的研究结果表明,交替花属植物的存在增加了 SON 的含量和矿化率,这反过来又会促进这种外来植物在沿海地区的进一步扩散。将交替花沼泽转化为旱地沼泽在一定程度上缓解了外来植物入侵对 SON 转化率的积极影响。
{"title":"Soil Organic Nitrogen Mineralization and N2O Production Driven by Changes in Coastal Wetlands","authors":"Ping Yang, Hong Yang, Yan Hong, Xiao Lin, Linhai Zhang, Chuan Tong, Derrick Y. F. Lai, Lishan Tan, Yongxin Lin, Yalan Tian, Kam W. Tang","doi":"10.1029/2024GB008154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GB008154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant invasion and land reclamation have drastically transformed the landscape of coastal wetlands globally, but their resulting effects on soil organic nitrogen (SON) mineralization and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) production remain unclear. In this study, we examined 21 coastal wetlands across southern China that have undergone habitat transformation from native mudflats (MFs) to <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> marshes (SAs), and subsequently to earthen aquaculture ponds (APs). We determined the SON net mineralization rate and the presence of pertinent enzyme-encoding genes, namely <i>chiA</i>, <i>pepA</i>, and <i>pepN</i>. The SON net mineralization rate increased by 46.7% following the conversion of MFs to SAs but decreased by 33.1% in response to the transformation of SAs to APs. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the estimated mineralization efficiency of soil microbes among the habitat types. The results of structural equation modeling showed that N-mineralization gene abundance played a major role in regulating SON mineralization. Although less than 20% of the SON was estimated to be labile/semi-labile, SON mineralization was important in sustaining soil N<sub>2</sub>O production, with 5.8% of the mineralized N being fed into N<sub>2</sub>O production. Overall, our findings showed that the presence of <i>S. alterniflora</i> increased both SON content and mineralization rate, which would in turn promote further proliferation of this exotic plant along the coast. The conversion of <i>S. alterniflora</i> marshes to APs partially mitigated the positive effects of exotic plant invasion on SON turnover.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141187635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seth G. John, Hengdi Liang, Benoît Pasquier, Mark Holzer, Sam Silva
Nickel (Ni) is a micronutrient that plays a role in nitrogen uptake and fixation in the modern ocean and may have affected rates of methanogenesis on geological timescales. Here, we present the results of a diagnostic model of global ocean Ni fluxes which addresses key questions about marine Ni cycling. Sparsely available observations of Ni concentration are first extrapolated into a global gridded climatology using tracers with better observational coverage such as macronutrients, and testing three different machine learning techniques. The physical transport of Ni is then estimated using the ocean circulation inverse model (OCIM2), revealing regions of net convergence or divergence. These diagnostics are not based on any assumption about Ni biogeochemical cycling, but their spatial patterns can be used to infer where biogeochemical processes such as biological Ni uptake and regeneration take place. Although Ni and silicate (Si) have similar concentration patterns in the ocean, we find that the spatial pattern of Ni uptake in the surface ocean is similar to phosphate (P) uptake but not to silicate (Si) uptake. This suggests that their similar distributions arise from different biogeochemical mechanisms, consistent with other evidence showing that Ni is not incorporated into diatom frustules. We find that Ni:P ratios at uptake do not decrease as Ni concentrations approach 2 nM, which challenges the hypothesis of a ∼2 nM pool of non-bioavailable Ni in the surface ocean. Finally, we find that the net regeneration of Ni occurs deeper in the ocean than for P, though not as deeply as for Si.
镍(Ni)是一种微量营养元素,在现代海洋的摄氮和固氮过程中发挥作用,并可能影响地质时标上的甲烷生成率。在此,我们介绍了全球海洋镍通量诊断模型的结果,该模型解决了海洋镍循环的关键问题。首先利用观测覆盖率较高的示踪剂(如宏量营养元素),将稀少的镍浓度观测数据外推到全球网格气候学中,并测试三种不同的机器学习技术。然后利用海洋环流反演模式(OCIM2)估算镍的物理传输,揭示净汇聚或发散区域。这些诊断并不基于任何有关镍生物地球化学循环的假设,但其空间模式可用于推断生物镍吸收和再生等生物地球化学过程的发生地。虽然镍和硅酸盐(Si)在海洋中具有相似的浓度模式,但我们发现表层海洋中镍吸收的空间模式与磷酸盐(P)吸收相似,而与硅酸盐(Si)吸收不相似。这表明,它们相似的分布是由不同的生物地球化学机制造成的,这与其他证据表明镍并没有被硅藻壳吸收一致。我们发现,当 Ni 浓度接近 2 nM 时,吸收时的 Ni:P 比率并没有降低,这对表层海洋中存在 2 nM 以下不可生物利用的 Ni 池的假说提出了质疑。最后,我们发现镍的净再生发生在海洋的更深处,而不是钙的净再生发生在海洋的更深处,尽管没有硅的净再生发生在海洋的更深处。
{"title":"Biogeochemical Fluxes of Nickel in the Global Oceans Inferred From a Diagnostic Model","authors":"Seth G. John, Hengdi Liang, Benoît Pasquier, Mark Holzer, Sam Silva","doi":"10.1029/2023GB008018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB008018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nickel (Ni) is a micronutrient that plays a role in nitrogen uptake and fixation in the modern ocean and may have affected rates of methanogenesis on geological timescales. Here, we present the results of a diagnostic model of global ocean Ni fluxes which addresses key questions about marine Ni cycling. Sparsely available observations of Ni concentration are first extrapolated into a global gridded climatology using tracers with better observational coverage such as macronutrients, and testing three different machine learning techniques. The physical transport of Ni is then estimated using the ocean circulation inverse model (OCIM2), revealing regions of net convergence or divergence. These diagnostics are not based on any assumption about Ni biogeochemical cycling, but their spatial patterns can be used to infer where biogeochemical processes such as biological Ni uptake and regeneration take place. Although Ni and silicate (Si) have similar concentration patterns in the ocean, we find that the spatial pattern of Ni uptake in the surface ocean is similar to phosphate (P) uptake but not to silicate (Si) uptake. This suggests that their similar distributions arise from different biogeochemical mechanisms, consistent with other evidence showing that Ni is not incorporated into diatom frustules. We find that Ni:P ratios at uptake do not decrease as Ni concentrations approach 2 nM, which challenges the hypothesis of a ∼2 nM pool of non-bioavailable Ni in the surface ocean. Finally, we find that the net regeneration of Ni occurs deeper in the ocean than for P, though not as deeply as for Si.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140919310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George I. Hagstrom, Charles A. Stock, Jessica Y. Luo, Simon A. Levin
Phytoplankton stoichiometry modulates the interaction between carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. Environmentally driven variations in phytoplankton C:N:P can alter biogeochemical cycling compared to expectations under fixed ratios. In fact, the assumption of fixed C:N:P has been linked to Earth System Model (ESM) biases and potential misrepresentation of responses to future change. Here we integrate key elements of the Adaptive Trait Optimization Model (ATOM) for phytoplankton stoichiometry with the Carbon, Ocean Biogeochemistry and Lower Trophics (COBALT) ocean biogeochemical model. Within a series of global ocean-ice-ecosystem retrospective simulations, ATOM-COBALT reproduced observations of phytoplankton N:P, and compared to static ratios, exhibited reduced phytoplankton P-limitation, enhanced N-fixation, and increased low-latitude export, improving consistency with observations and highlighting the biogeochemical implications of dynamic N:P. We applied ATOM-COBALT to explore the impacts of different physiological mechanisms hypothesized to underlie N:P variation, finding that two mechanisms together drove the observed patterns: proportionality of P-rich ribosomes in phytoplankton cells to growth rates and reductions in P-storage during scarcity. A third mechanism which linked temperature with phytoplankton biomass allocations to non-ribosomal proteins, led only to relatively modest impacts because this mechanism decreased the temperature dependence of phytoplankton growth rates, compensating for changes in N:P. We find that there are quantitative response differences that associate distinctive biogeochemical footprints with each mechanism, which are most apparent in highly productive low-latitude regions. These results suggest that variable phytoplankton N:P makes phytoplankton productivity and export resilient to environmental changes, and support further research on the physiological and environmental drivers of phytoplankton stoichiometry and biogeochemical role.
浮游植物的化学计量调节碳、氮和磷循环之间的相互作用。与固定比例下的预期相比,环境驱动的浮游植物 C:N:P 变化会改变生物地球化学循环。事实上,固定的 C:N:P 假设与地球系统模式(ESM)的偏差和对未来变化的潜在误导有关。在这里,我们将浮游植物化学计量的自适应性状优化模型(ATOM)的关键要素与碳、海洋生物地球化学和下层滋养层(COBALT)海洋生物地球化学模型相结合。在一系列全球海洋-冰-生态系统回顾性模拟中,ATOM-COBALT 重现了浮游植物氮磷比的观测结果,与静态比例相比,浮游植物氮磷比限制减少,固氮作用增强,低纬度出口增加,提高了与观测结果的一致性,突出了动态氮磷比的生物地球化学影响。我们应用 ATOM-COBALT 来探索假设的不同生理机制对 N:P 变化的影响,发现有两种机制共同驱动了观测到的模式:浮游植物细胞中富含 P 的核糖体与生长率的比例关系,以及稀缺时 P 储存的减少。第三种机制将温度与浮游植物生物量对非核糖体蛋白质的分配联系起来,这种机制只产生了相对较小的影响,因为这种机制降低了浮游植物生长率对温度的依赖性,从而补偿了氮:磷的变化。我们发现,每种机制都有与众不同的生物地球化学足迹相关的定量响应差异,这在高产的低纬度地区最为明显。这些结果表明,浮游植物 N:P 的变化使浮游植物的生产力和出口对环境变化具有弹性,并支持对浮游植物化学计量和生物地球化学作用的生理和环境驱动因素进行进一步研究。
{"title":"Impact of Dynamic Phytoplankton Stoichiometry on Global Scale Patterns of Nutrient Limitation, Nitrogen Fixation, and Carbon Export","authors":"George I. Hagstrom, Charles A. Stock, Jessica Y. Luo, Simon A. Levin","doi":"10.1029/2023GB007991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007991","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phytoplankton stoichiometry modulates the interaction between carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. Environmentally driven variations in phytoplankton C:N:P can alter biogeochemical cycling compared to expectations under fixed ratios. In fact, the assumption of fixed C:N:P has been linked to Earth System Model (ESM) biases and potential misrepresentation of responses to future change. Here we integrate key elements of the Adaptive Trait Optimization Model (ATOM) for phytoplankton stoichiometry with the Carbon, Ocean Biogeochemistry and Lower Trophics (COBALT) ocean biogeochemical model. Within a series of global ocean-ice-ecosystem retrospective simulations, ATOM-COBALT reproduced observations of phytoplankton N:P, and compared to static ratios, exhibited reduced phytoplankton P-limitation, enhanced N-fixation, and increased low-latitude export, improving consistency with observations and highlighting the biogeochemical implications of dynamic N:P. We applied ATOM-COBALT to explore the impacts of different physiological mechanisms hypothesized to underlie N:P variation, finding that two mechanisms together drove the observed patterns: proportionality of P-rich ribosomes in phytoplankton cells to growth rates and reductions in P-storage during scarcity. A third mechanism which linked temperature with phytoplankton biomass allocations to non-ribosomal proteins, led only to relatively modest impacts because this mechanism decreased the temperature dependence of phytoplankton growth rates, compensating for changes in N:P. We find that there are quantitative response differences that associate distinctive biogeochemical footprints with each mechanism, which are most apparent in highly productive low-latitude regions. These results suggest that variable phytoplankton N:P makes phytoplankton productivity and export resilient to environmental changes, and support further research on the physiological and environmental drivers of phytoplankton stoichiometry and biogeochemical role.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023GB007991","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140902769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N2 fixation is a central process of the marine nitrogen cycle, yet little is known about how this process varies from year-to-year. Here, we investigate this variability in the Western Tropical Atlantic (WTA), a region where N2 fixation is prevalent, fueled, in part, by the nutrient input from the Amazon River. We use hindcast simulations from 1983 through 2019 with the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) coupled to the Biogeochemical Elemental Cycling (BEC) model expanded to include Diatom-Diazotroph Assemblages (DDAs). Throughout the WTA, we find a substantial level of interannual variability of N2 fixation, altering it by up to 33%, and locally by up to nearly 60%. Part of this interannual variability is driven by variations in the Amazon River discharge, which during high discharge events leads to reduced rates in the upper parts of the plume and strongly enhanced rates in the downstream part. This dipole pattern is a consequence of the riverine inputs of phosphorus and the competition with non-diazotrophs for this limiting resource. Another part of the N2 fixation variability is driven by the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM), and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). These processes alter N2 fixation primarily through the supply of the limiting nutrients phosphorus and iron by vertical mixing, while the role of top-down control through grazing is relatively limited in our model. The high, and so far not well recognized interannual N2 fixation variability can lead to erroneous extrapolation of field measurements and inaccuracies in the marine nitrogen budget, if unaccounted for.
{"title":"Interannual Variability of Marine Nitrogen Fixation in the Western Tropical Atlantic","authors":"Jana Härri, Domitille Louchard, Nicolas Gruber","doi":"10.1029/2023GB007997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007997","url":null,"abstract":"<p>N<sub>2</sub> fixation is a central process of the marine nitrogen cycle, yet little is known about how this process varies from year-to-year. Here, we investigate this variability in the Western Tropical Atlantic (WTA), a region where N<sub>2</sub> fixation is prevalent, fueled, in part, by the nutrient input from the Amazon River. We use hindcast simulations from 1983 through 2019 with the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) coupled to the Biogeochemical Elemental Cycling (BEC) model expanded to include Diatom-Diazotroph Assemblages (DDAs). Throughout the WTA, we find a substantial level of interannual variability of N<sub>2</sub> fixation, altering it by up to 33%, and locally by up to nearly 60%. Part of this interannual variability is driven by variations in the Amazon River discharge, which during high discharge events leads to reduced rates in the upper parts of the plume and strongly enhanced rates in the downstream part. This dipole pattern is a consequence of the riverine inputs of phosphorus and the competition with non-diazotrophs for this limiting resource. Another part of the N<sub>2</sub> fixation variability is driven by the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM), and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). These processes alter N<sub>2</sub> fixation primarily through the supply of the limiting nutrients phosphorus and iron by vertical mixing, while the role of top-down control through grazing is relatively limited in our model. The high, and so far not well recognized interannual N<sub>2</sub> fixation variability can lead to erroneous extrapolation of field measurements and inaccuracies in the marine nitrogen budget, if unaccounted for.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023GB007997","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140902743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Editors of the Global Biogeochemical Cycles express their appreciation to those who served as peer reviewers for the journal in 2023.
全球生物地球化学循环》编辑对 2023 年担任该期刊同行评审的人员表示感谢。
{"title":"Appreciating GBC 2023 Reviewers","authors":"Isaac Santos, Katsumi Matsumoto, Zanna Chase","doi":"10.1029/2024GB008211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GB008211","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Editors of the Global Biogeochemical Cycles express their appreciation to those who served as peer reviewers for the journal in 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GB008211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140895246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anh Le-Duy Pham, Pierre Damien, Daniel McCoy, Matthew Mar, Fayçal Kessouri, James C. McWilliams, James Moffett, Daniele Bianchi
Release of iron (Fe) from continental shelves is a major source of this limiting nutrient for phytoplankton in the open ocean, including productive Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems. The mechanisms governing the transport and fate of Fe along continental margins remain poorly understood, reflecting interaction of physical and biogeochemical processes that are crudely represented by global ocean biogeochemical models. Here, we use a submesoscale-permitting physical-biogeochemical model to investigate processes governing the delivery of shelf-derived Fe to the open ocean along the northern U.S. West Coast. We find that a significant fraction (∼20%) of the Fe released by sediments on the shelf is transported offshore, fertilizing the broader Northeast Pacific Ocean. This transport is governed by two main pathways that reflect interaction between the wind-driven ocean circulation and Fe release by low-oxygen sediments: the first in the surface boundary layer during upwelling events; the second in the bottom boundary layer, associated with pervasive interactions of the poleward California Undercurrent with bottom topography. In the water column interior, transient and standing eddies strengthen offshore transport, counteracting the onshore pull of the mean upwelling circulation. Several hot-spots of intense Fe delivery to the open ocean are maintained by standing meanders in the mean current and enhanced by transient eddies and seasonal oxygen depletion. Our results highlight the importance of fine-scale dynamics for the transport of Fe and shelf-derived elements from continental margins to the open ocean, and the need to improve representation of these processes in biogeochemical models used for climate studies.
{"title":"The Shelf-To-Basin Transport of Iron From the Northern U.S. West Coast to the Pacific Ocean","authors":"Anh Le-Duy Pham, Pierre Damien, Daniel McCoy, Matthew Mar, Fayçal Kessouri, James C. McWilliams, James Moffett, Daniele Bianchi","doi":"10.1029/2023GB008029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB008029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Release of iron (Fe) from continental shelves is a major source of this limiting nutrient for phytoplankton in the open ocean, including productive Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems. The mechanisms governing the transport and fate of Fe along continental margins remain poorly understood, reflecting interaction of physical and biogeochemical processes that are crudely represented by global ocean biogeochemical models. Here, we use a submesoscale-permitting physical-biogeochemical model to investigate processes governing the delivery of shelf-derived Fe to the open ocean along the northern U.S. West Coast. We find that a significant fraction (∼20%) of the Fe released by sediments on the shelf is transported offshore, fertilizing the broader Northeast Pacific Ocean. This transport is governed by two main pathways that reflect interaction between the wind-driven ocean circulation and Fe release by low-oxygen sediments: the first in the surface boundary layer during upwelling events; the second in the bottom boundary layer, associated with pervasive interactions of the poleward California Undercurrent with bottom topography. In the water column interior, transient and standing eddies strengthen offshore transport, counteracting the onshore pull of the mean upwelling circulation. Several hot-spots of intense Fe delivery to the open ocean are maintained by standing meanders in the mean current and enhanced by transient eddies and seasonal oxygen depletion. Our results highlight the importance of fine-scale dynamics for the transport of Fe and shelf-derived elements from continental margins to the open ocean, and the need to improve representation of these processes in biogeochemical models used for climate studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin R. Kurek, Kimberly P. Wickland, Natalie A. Nichols, Amy M. McKenna, Steven M. Anderson, Mark M. Dornblaser, Nikaan Koupaei-Abyazani, Brett A. Poulin, Sheel Bansal, Jason B. Fellman, Gregory K. Druschel, Emily S. Bernhardt, Robert G. M. Spencer
Wetlands are integral to the global carbon cycle, serving as both a source and a sink for organic carbon. Their potential for carbon storage will likely change in the coming decades in response to higher temperatures and variable precipitation patterns. We characterized the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition from 12 different wetland sites across the USA spanning gradients in climate, landcover, sampling depth, and hydroperiod for comparison to DOM in other inland waters. Using absorption spectroscopy, parallel factor analysis modeling, and ultra-high resolution mass spectroscopy, we identified differences in DOM sourcing and processing by geographic site. Wetland DOM composition was driven primarily by differences in landcover where forested sites contained greater aromatic and oxygenated DOM content compared to grassland/herbaceous sites which were more aliphatic and enriched in N and S molecular formulae. Furthermore, surface and porewater DOM was also influenced by properties such as soil type, organic matter content, and precipitation. Surface water DOM was relatively enriched in oxygenated higher molecular weight formulae representing HUPHigh O/C compounds than porewaters, whose DOM composition suggests abiotic sulfurization from dissolved inorganic sulfide. Finally, we identified a group of persistent molecular formulae (3,489) present across all sites and sampling depths (i.e., the signature of wetland DOM) that are likely important for riverine-to-coastal DOM transport. As anthropogenic disturbances continue to impact temperate wetlands, this study highlights drivers of DOM composition fundamental for understanding how wetland organic carbon will change, and thus its role in biogeochemical cycling.
湿地是全球碳循环不可或缺的一部分,既是有机碳的源,也是有机碳的汇。由于气温升高和降水模式多变,湿地的碳储存潜力在未来几十年可能会发生变化。我们研究了美国 12 个不同湿地的溶解有机碳 (DOC) 和溶解有机物 (DOM) 的组成特征,这些特征跨越了气候、土地覆盖、采样深度和水文周期的梯度,可与其他内陆水域的 DOM 进行比较。利用吸收光谱、并行因子分析建模和超高分辨率质谱,我们确定了不同地理位置 DOM 来源和处理过程的差异。湿地 DOM 的组成主要受土地覆盖差异的影响,森林覆盖区的芳香族和含氧 DOM 含量较高,而草地/草本覆盖区的芳香族和含氧 DOM 含量较低,且富含 N 和 S 分子式。此外,地表水和孔隙水 DOM 还受到土壤类型、有机质含量和降水等属性的影响。与孔隙水相比,地表水 DOM 相对富含代表 HUPHigh O/C 化合物的含氧高分子量分子式,其 DOM 组成表明溶解的无机硫化物产生了非生物硫化。最后,我们确定了一组存在于所有地点和采样深度的持久性分子式(3,489)(即湿地 DOM 的特征),这些分子式可能对河流到沿海的 DOM 运输非常重要。随着人为干扰对温带湿地的持续影响,本研究强调了DOM组成的驱动因素,这对了解湿地有机碳将如何变化及其在生物地球化学循环中的作用至关重要。
{"title":"Linking Dissolved Organic Matter Composition to Landscape Properties in Wetlands Across the United States of America","authors":"Martin R. Kurek, Kimberly P. Wickland, Natalie A. Nichols, Amy M. McKenna, Steven M. Anderson, Mark M. Dornblaser, Nikaan Koupaei-Abyazani, Brett A. Poulin, Sheel Bansal, Jason B. Fellman, Gregory K. Druschel, Emily S. Bernhardt, Robert G. M. Spencer","doi":"10.1029/2023GB007917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007917","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wetlands are integral to the global carbon cycle, serving as both a source and a sink for organic carbon. Their potential for carbon storage will likely change in the coming decades in response to higher temperatures and variable precipitation patterns. We characterized the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition from 12 different wetland sites across the USA spanning gradients in climate, landcover, sampling depth, and hydroperiod for comparison to DOM in other inland waters. Using absorption spectroscopy, parallel factor analysis modeling, and ultra-high resolution mass spectroscopy, we identified differences in DOM sourcing and processing by geographic site. Wetland DOM composition was driven primarily by differences in landcover where forested sites contained greater aromatic and oxygenated DOM content compared to grassland/herbaceous sites which were more aliphatic and enriched in N and S molecular formulae. Furthermore, surface and porewater DOM was also influenced by properties such as soil type, organic matter content, and precipitation. Surface water DOM was relatively enriched in oxygenated higher molecular weight formulae representing HUP<sub>High O/C</sub> compounds than porewaters, whose DOM composition suggests abiotic sulfurization from dissolved inorganic sulfide. Finally, we identified a group of persistent molecular formulae (3,489) present across all sites and sampling depths (i.e., the signature of wetland DOM) that are likely important for riverine-to-coastal DOM transport. As anthropogenic disturbances continue to impact temperate wetlands, this study highlights drivers of DOM composition fundamental for understanding how wetland organic carbon will change, and thus its role in biogeochemical cycling.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140826150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shasha Li, Hongliang Li, Tiantian Tang, Shanlin Wang
Lithogenic materials such as terrigenous lithogenic particles (TLP) can efficiently promote the formation and sinking of mineral-associated marine organic matter, acting as important ballast and potentially playing an important role in the global carbon cycle. To assess the influence of TLP on fluxes of particulate organic carbon (POC) and other biogeochemical cycles, we construct TLP forcing fields based on global riverine suspended sediment data and then apply them to the Community Earth System Model, version 2 (CESM2) modified with the TLP ballasting effect term. Simulations forced by different concentrations of TLP transported in the surface ocean or along the bottom of continental shelves and slopes are conducted. When the TLP transports seaward along the bottom, simulated POC fluxes at 100 and 2,000 m decrease about 11% and 19%, respectively, for the global ocean, and about 9% and 12%, respectively, for the oceanic regions of continental margins. The initial abiotic ballast processes triggered by TLP input increase POC fluxes, causing additional removal and burial of dissolved iron in continental margins. This further enhances the accumulation of macronutrients in the upwelling regions and their advection transport to neighboring subtropical gyres, thus altering regional productivity when simulations reach quasi-equilibrium. When consider the impacts of TLP in simulations, the simulated POC flux exhibits an increase in subtropical gyres but a decrease in tropical Pacific and mid-high latitude regions. The present work highlights the importance of TLP in global biogeochemical cycles, suggesting that the amount of carbon sequestration might be overestimated without TLP in models.
{"title":"The Ballast Effect of Terrigenous Lithogenic Particles From Rivers and Its Influence on POC Fluxes in the Ocean","authors":"Shasha Li, Hongliang Li, Tiantian Tang, Shanlin Wang","doi":"10.1029/2024GB008155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GB008155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lithogenic materials such as terrigenous lithogenic particles (TLP) can efficiently promote the formation and sinking of mineral-associated marine organic matter, acting as important ballast and potentially playing an important role in the global carbon cycle. To assess the influence of TLP on fluxes of particulate organic carbon (POC) and other biogeochemical cycles, we construct TLP forcing fields based on global riverine suspended sediment data and then apply them to the Community Earth System Model, version 2 (CESM2) modified with the TLP ballasting effect term. Simulations forced by different concentrations of TLP transported in the surface ocean or along the bottom of continental shelves and slopes are conducted. When the TLP transports seaward along the bottom, simulated POC fluxes at 100 and 2,000 m decrease about 11% and 19%, respectively, for the global ocean, and about 9% and 12%, respectively, for the oceanic regions of continental margins. The initial abiotic ballast processes triggered by TLP input increase POC fluxes, causing additional removal and burial of dissolved iron in continental margins. This further enhances the accumulation of macronutrients in the upwelling regions and their advection transport to neighboring subtropical gyres, thus altering regional productivity when simulations reach quasi-equilibrium. When consider the impacts of TLP in simulations, the simulated POC flux exhibits an increase in subtropical gyres but a decrease in tropical Pacific and mid-high latitude regions. The present work highlights the importance of TLP in global biogeochemical cycles, suggesting that the amount of carbon sequestration might be overestimated without TLP in models.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140649542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}