Pub Date : 2015-06-09DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1051245
Y. Chia, M. Kanthimathi, J. Rajarajeswaran, K. S. Khoo, H. Cheng
The in vitro antioxidant, antiproliferative, genotoxic and cytoprotective effects of the methanolic extract of the seaweed Padina tetrastromatica were assayed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, superoxide, nitric oxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and comet assays. The methanolic extract of P. tetrastromatica showed considerable antioxidant activity through inhibition of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, with median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 45.57 ± 1.63 and 36.58 ± 2.13 µg/ml, respectively. Treatment of the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 with the methanolic extract, at a concentration range of 0–500 µg/ml, showed considerable antiproliferative effects, with an IC50 value of 125 ± 2.03 µg/ml. The genotoxic and cytoprotective effects of the extract on the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 and the embryonic fibroblast cell line 3T3-L1 were evaluated by the in vitro comet assay, and the extract demonstrated a genotoxic effect on MCF-7 and antigenotoxic and cytoprotective effects on 3T3-L1 cells. The methanolic extract of P. tetrastromatica was more effective in inducing a genotoxic effect in MCF-7 cells and a cytoprotective effect in 3T3-L1 cells, compared with the standard cancer chemotherapy drug doxorubicin, which induced greater DNA damage in the normal 3T3 cells.
{"title":"Antioxidant, antiproliferative, genotoxic and cytoprotective effects of the methanolic extract of Padina tetrastromatica on human breast adenocarcinoma and embryonic fibroblast cell lines","authors":"Y. Chia, M. Kanthimathi, J. Rajarajeswaran, K. S. Khoo, H. Cheng","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1051245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1051245","url":null,"abstract":"The in vitro antioxidant, antiproliferative, genotoxic and cytoprotective effects of the methanolic extract of the seaweed Padina tetrastromatica were assayed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, superoxide, nitric oxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and comet assays. The methanolic extract of P. tetrastromatica showed considerable antioxidant activity through inhibition of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, with median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 45.57 ± 1.63 and 36.58 ± 2.13 µg/ml, respectively. Treatment of the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 with the methanolic extract, at a concentration range of 0–500 µg/ml, showed considerable antiproliferative effects, with an IC50 value of 125 ± 2.03 µg/ml. The genotoxic and cytoprotective effects of the extract on the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 and the embryonic fibroblast cell line 3T3-L1 were evaluated by the in vitro comet assay, and the extract demonstrated a genotoxic effect on MCF-7 and antigenotoxic and cytoprotective effects on 3T3-L1 cells. The methanolic extract of P. tetrastromatica was more effective in inducing a genotoxic effect in MCF-7 cells and a cytoprotective effect in 3T3-L1 cells, compared with the standard cancer chemotherapy drug doxorubicin, which induced greater DNA damage in the normal 3T3 cells.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1051245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-09DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1051243
S. Eng, Priyia Pusparajah, Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib, Hooi‐Leng Ser, Kok-Gan Chan, Learn‐Han Lee
Salmonella is one of the most frequently isolated foodborne pathogens. It is a major worldwide public health concern, accounting for 93.8 million foodborne illnesses and 155,000 deaths per year. To date, over 2500 Salmonella serotypes have been identified and more than half of them belong to Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, which accounts for the majority of Salmonella infections in humans. Salmonella infections that involve invasive serotypes are often life threatening, necessitating appropriate and effective antibiotic therapy. The emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella serotypes is having a great impact on the efficacy of antibiotic treatment, and an increasing prevalence of MDR strains may lead to an increase in mortality rates of Salmonella infections. Epidemiological studies indicate that MDR Salmonella serotypes are more virulent than susceptible strains, as reflected by increased severity and more prolonged disease in patients infected by MDR strains. Preventive measures have been proposed to eliminate the spread of Salmonella infection. While the maintenance of effective food hygiene and water sanitation remain the cornerstones, additional measures such as restriction of indiscriminate use of antibiotics in food animals are important. This review provides an overview of Salmonella infection, and discusses the nomenclature, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella.
{"title":"Salmonella: A review on pathogenesis, epidemiology and antibiotic resistance","authors":"S. Eng, Priyia Pusparajah, Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib, Hooi‐Leng Ser, Kok-Gan Chan, Learn‐Han Lee","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1051243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1051243","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonella is one of the most frequently isolated foodborne pathogens. It is a major worldwide public health concern, accounting for 93.8 million foodborne illnesses and 155,000 deaths per year. To date, over 2500 Salmonella serotypes have been identified and more than half of them belong to Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, which accounts for the majority of Salmonella infections in humans. Salmonella infections that involve invasive serotypes are often life threatening, necessitating appropriate and effective antibiotic therapy. The emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella serotypes is having a great impact on the efficacy of antibiotic treatment, and an increasing prevalence of MDR strains may lead to an increase in mortality rates of Salmonella infections. Epidemiological studies indicate that MDR Salmonella serotypes are more virulent than susceptible strains, as reflected by increased severity and more prolonged disease in patients infected by MDR strains. Preventive measures have been proposed to eliminate the spread of Salmonella infection. While the maintenance of effective food hygiene and water sanitation remain the cornerstones, additional measures such as restriction of indiscriminate use of antibiotics in food animals are important. This review provides an overview of Salmonella infection, and discusses the nomenclature, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1051243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-08DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1044131
Saâd Aissat, H. Benbarek, T. Franck, S. Kohnen, G. Deby-dupont, D. Serteyn, M. Ahmed, A. Mouithys-Mickalad
Three Algerian honey samples (nectar honey, mixed honey and honeydew honey) were analysed for their total phenolic content (TPC) using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and total flavonoid content (TFC) by the aluminium chloride method. The antioxidant activity was tested both against reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated equine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and on purified equine myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity. The ROS production by stimulated PMNs was measured by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. Specific immunological extraction followed by enzymatic detection (SIEFED) was used to measure specifically the activity of equine MPO. Nectar honey, mixed honey and honeydew honey had TPCs of 59.52 ± 1.31, 68.36 ± 1.20 and 122.76 ± 4.20 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g honey, respectively (mean ± SD). As for the TPC, the highest TFC was observed for honeydew honey [20.55 ± 0.72 mg catechine equivalents (CE)/100 mg honey], followed by mixed honey (7.47 ± 0.07 CE/100 mg honey) and nectar honey (4.80 ± 0.08 CE/100 mg honey). All the tested honeys displayed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the oxidant activities of PMNs. By the SIEFED technique, it was shown that most of the honeys interact directly with MPO: the light honeys (nectar honey and mixed honey) were inhibitors of MPO activity, while the dark honey had less inhibiting effect and even behaved as an enhancer of MPO activity at high concentrations.
{"title":"Effect of honey on purified equine myeloperoxidase activity and superoxide radical production in activated Polymorphonuclear neutrophils","authors":"Saâd Aissat, H. Benbarek, T. Franck, S. Kohnen, G. Deby-dupont, D. Serteyn, M. Ahmed, A. Mouithys-Mickalad","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1044131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1044131","url":null,"abstract":"Three Algerian honey samples (nectar honey, mixed honey and honeydew honey) were analysed for their total phenolic content (TPC) using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and total flavonoid content (TFC) by the aluminium chloride method. The antioxidant activity was tested both against reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated equine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and on purified equine myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity. The ROS production by stimulated PMNs was measured by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. Specific immunological extraction followed by enzymatic detection (SIEFED) was used to measure specifically the activity of equine MPO. Nectar honey, mixed honey and honeydew honey had TPCs of 59.52 ± 1.31, 68.36 ± 1.20 and 122.76 ± 4.20 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g honey, respectively (mean ± SD). As for the TPC, the highest TFC was observed for honeydew honey [20.55 ± 0.72 mg catechine equivalents (CE)/100 mg honey], followed by mixed honey (7.47 ± 0.07 CE/100 mg honey) and nectar honey (4.80 ± 0.08 CE/100 mg honey). All the tested honeys displayed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the oxidant activities of PMNs. By the SIEFED technique, it was shown that most of the honeys interact directly with MPO: the light honeys (nectar honey and mixed honey) were inhibitors of MPO activity, while the dark honey had less inhibiting effect and even behaved as an enhancer of MPO activity at high concentrations.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1044131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurological diseases. It is characterized by the presence of β-amyloid peptides and highly phosphorylated tau proteins in the brain. The study of AD became more reliable with the development of new advances in both in-vivo (e.g. positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging) and in-vitro (e.g. circular dichroism, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dye binding, transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, scanning tunnelling microscopy, atomic force microscopy and fluorescence resonance energy transfer) methods. These methods are used in the study of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of AD. Each method has its own advantages and limitations. This review explains the significance of different methods in understanding the pathogenesis of AD.
{"title":"In-vivo and in-vitro techniques used to investigate Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Vishvanath Tiwari, Vandana Solanki, Monalisa Tiwari","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1044129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1044129","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurological diseases. It is characterized by the presence of β-amyloid peptides and highly phosphorylated tau proteins in the brain. The study of AD became more reliable with the development of new advances in both in-vivo (e.g. positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging) and in-vitro (e.g. circular dichroism, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dye binding, transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, scanning tunnelling microscopy, atomic force microscopy and fluorescence resonance energy transfer) methods. These methods are used in the study of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of AD. Each method has its own advantages and limitations. This review explains the significance of different methods in understanding the pathogenesis of AD.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1044129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-29DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1044620
M. Nadeem, Muhammad Usman Aftab, M. Irfan, Mubashar Mushtaq, A. Qadir, Q. Syed
The present study was designed to produce ethanol from sugarcane bagasse treated with 2.5% NaOH through a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae G1. Various process parameters such as incubation temperature, incubation period, initial pH and nitrogen sources were studied to achieve the maximum yield of ethanol. The results showed that the optimum ethanol yield (5.90%) was achieved at an incubation temperature of 30°C, initial pH 5.5, inoculum size 3% (v/v), after an incubation period of 96 h. Among various nitrogen sources, ammonium sulphate was found to be the most suitable source for ethanol production. These findings indicate that the optimization of process parameters is necessary to make the fermentation process economical, and the medium designed in the present study could be exploited on a commercial scale after suitable processing.
{"title":"Production of ethanol from alkali-pretreated sugarcane bagasse under the influence of different process parameters","authors":"M. Nadeem, Muhammad Usman Aftab, M. Irfan, Mubashar Mushtaq, A. Qadir, Q. Syed","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1044620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1044620","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was designed to produce ethanol from sugarcane bagasse treated with 2.5% NaOH through a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae G1. Various process parameters such as incubation temperature, incubation period, initial pH and nitrogen sources were studied to achieve the maximum yield of ethanol. The results showed that the optimum ethanol yield (5.90%) was achieved at an incubation temperature of 30°C, initial pH 5.5, inoculum size 3% (v/v), after an incubation period of 96 h. Among various nitrogen sources, ammonium sulphate was found to be the most suitable source for ethanol production. These findings indicate that the optimization of process parameters is necessary to make the fermentation process economical, and the medium designed in the present study could be exploited on a commercial scale after suitable processing.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1044620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-22DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1045629
Mohammad Mustafizur Rahman
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is considered to be a very important aquaculture species in many Asian and some European countries. It affects the aerobic decomposition of organic matter and nutrient availability in the water column via bioturbation of benthic sediment during feeding on benthic organisms. If the density of common carp is not excessive, an increase in nutrient availability may enhance photosynthesis and plankton production, whereas if it is excessive, it causes dramatic ecological disruption at both the community and ecosystem levels by changing the abiotic properties of the water. Therefore, the density of common carp is a very important factor that has a great effect on the aquatic ecosystem. The critical density of common carp largely depends on its habitat. In polyculture ponds, water quality, natural food resources and fish growth are strongly affected when the density of common carp approaches more than about 1000 kg ha−1. The critical density can be doubled if artificial feed is supplied to the carp. When its preferred food is not sufficient, the common carp switches to less preferred food and changes its behaviour and feeding niche. These factors make common carp a potential candidate not only for monoculture but also for polyculture ponds. This article reviews the role of common carp on the aquatic ecosystem, and the production and behaviour of fish in aquaculture production systems.
鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)在许多亚洲和一些欧洲国家被认为是一种非常重要的水产养殖品种。它通过进食底栖生物时底栖沉积物的生物扰动影响水体中有机物的有氧分解和养分有效性。如果鲤鱼的密度不过高，营养物质供应的增加可能会促进光合作用和浮游生物的生产，而如果密度过高，则会通过改变水的非生物特性，在群落和生态系统层面造成严重的生态破坏。因此，鲤鱼的密度是影响水生生态系统的一个非常重要的因素。鲤鱼的临界密度在很大程度上取决于其栖息地。在混养池中，当鲤鱼的密度接近约1000 kg ha - 1时，水质、天然食物资源和鱼类生长都会受到严重影响。如果给鲤鱼喂人工饲料，临界密度可提高一倍。当它喜欢的食物不够时，普通鲤鱼就会转向不太喜欢的食物，改变它的行为和觅食生态位。这些因素使鲤鱼不仅是单一养殖的潜在候选者，而且是混养池塘的潜在候选者。本文综述了鲤鱼在水生生态系统中的作用，以及水产养殖生产系统中鱼类的生产和行为。
{"title":"Role of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in aquaculture production systems","authors":"Mohammad Mustafizur Rahman","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1045629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1045629","url":null,"abstract":"Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is considered to be a very important aquaculture species in many Asian and some European countries. It affects the aerobic decomposition of organic matter and nutrient availability in the water column via bioturbation of benthic sediment during feeding on benthic organisms. If the density of common carp is not excessive, an increase in nutrient availability may enhance photosynthesis and plankton production, whereas if it is excessive, it causes dramatic ecological disruption at both the community and ecosystem levels by changing the abiotic properties of the water. Therefore, the density of common carp is a very important factor that has a great effect on the aquatic ecosystem. The critical density of common carp largely depends on its habitat. In polyculture ponds, water quality, natural food resources and fish growth are strongly affected when the density of common carp approaches more than about 1000 kg ha−1. The critical density can be doubled if artificial feed is supplied to the carp. When its preferred food is not sufficient, the common carp switches to less preferred food and changes its behaviour and feeding niche. These factors make common carp a potential candidate not only for monoculture but also for polyculture ponds. This article reviews the role of common carp on the aquatic ecosystem, and the production and behaviour of fish in aquaculture production systems.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1045629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-22DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1044130
I. Tomova, M. Stoilova-Disheva, Irina Lazarkevich, E. Vasileva-Tonkova
In this study, 24 Antarctic bacteria, isolated from sediment and soil samples from Deception and Galindez Islands, were characterized for their antimicrobial activity and response to 13 antibiotics and seven heavy metals. Multiple antibiotic resistance was observed for 67% of sediment isolates and 92% of soil isolates, suggesting medium anthropogenic impact in these Antarctic regions. The results revealed a varying response of the Antarctic bacteria to the tested heavy metals. All isolates showed multiple metal resistance towards two to six heavy metals, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1.0 mM to 23.2 mM. The majority of the strains in both groups were resistant to lead, nickel, copper and zinc. Plasmids were detected in 21% of isolates. A consortium of highly metal-resistant bacteria could be developed with potential application for biological treatment of wastewaters. Strains that are highly sensitive to cadmium would be promising for developing biosensors to detect this highly toxic heavy metal in environmental samples. All Antarctic bacteria were found to inhibit the growth of one to all eight of the tested indicator bacteria, and 87% inhibited the growth of one to all four of the yeast indicator cultures. Promising psychrotolerant strains were detected as a valuable source of new antimicrobial compounds.
在这项研究中，从欺骗岛和加林德兹岛的沉积物和土壤样品中分离出24种南极细菌，对它们的抗菌活性和对13种抗生素和7种重金属的反应进行了表征。67%的沉积物分离株和92%的土壤分离株观察到多重抗生素耐药性，表明这些南极地区的人为影响中等。结果显示，南极细菌对测试的重金属有不同的反应。所有菌株对2 ~ 6种重金属均表现出多重耐药，最小抑菌浓度在1.0 mM ~ 23.2 mM之间。两组中的大多数菌株都对铅、镍、铜和锌具有抗性。在21%的分离株中检测到质粒。高金属抗性菌群在废水生物处理中具有潜在的应用前景。对镉高度敏感的菌株有望用于开发生物传感器，以检测环境样品中的这种剧毒重金属。所有南极细菌都被发现抑制了一到八种被测试指示细菌的生长，87%的细菌抑制了一到四种酵母指示培养物的生长。耐寒菌株被认为是新型抗菌化合物的重要来源。
{"title":"Antimicrobial activity and resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from sediment and soil samples collected from two Antarctic islands1","authors":"I. Tomova, M. Stoilova-Disheva, Irina Lazarkevich, E. Vasileva-Tonkova","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1044130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1044130","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, 24 Antarctic bacteria, isolated from sediment and soil samples from Deception and Galindez Islands, were characterized for their antimicrobial activity and response to 13 antibiotics and seven heavy metals. Multiple antibiotic resistance was observed for 67% of sediment isolates and 92% of soil isolates, suggesting medium anthropogenic impact in these Antarctic regions. The results revealed a varying response of the Antarctic bacteria to the tested heavy metals. All isolates showed multiple metal resistance towards two to six heavy metals, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1.0 mM to 23.2 mM. The majority of the strains in both groups were resistant to lead, nickel, copper and zinc. Plasmids were detected in 21% of isolates. A consortium of highly metal-resistant bacteria could be developed with potential application for biological treatment of wastewaters. Strains that are highly sensitive to cadmium would be promising for developing biosensors to detect this highly toxic heavy metal in environmental samples. All Antarctic bacteria were found to inhibit the growth of one to all eight of the tested indicator bacteria, and 87% inhibited the growth of one to all four of the yeast indicator cultures. Promising psychrotolerant strains were detected as a valuable source of new antimicrobial compounds.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1044130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-15DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1041167
Sorayya Malek, Cham Hui, L. C. Fong, Mogeeb A. A. Mosleh, P. Milow, S. K. Dhillon, Sharifah M. Syed
Temporal patterns in ecological data can be visualized and communicated effectively through graphical means. The aim of this study was to develop a data prediction and visualization system based on historical data and thematic map technology to visualize forecast temporal ecological changes. The visualization system consists of prediction and data visualization modules. The prediction module is developed using a hybrid evolutionary algorithm (HEA) to classify and predict noisy ecological data. The visualization module is developed using Dotnet Framework 2.0 to implement thematic cartography for volume visualization. The visualization system is evaluated by its capability in representing the output data on a map, and by predicting the abundance of Chlorophyta based on other water quality parameters. Rules for predicting Chlorophyta abundance had a success rate of almost 90%. The integration of computational data mining using HEA and visualization using thematic maps promises practical solutions and better techniques for forecasting temporal ecological changes, especially when data sets have complex relationships without clear distinction between various variables.
{"title":"Ecological data prediction and visualization system","authors":"Sorayya Malek, Cham Hui, L. C. Fong, Mogeeb A. A. Mosleh, P. Milow, S. K. Dhillon, Sharifah M. Syed","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1041167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1041167","url":null,"abstract":"Temporal patterns in ecological data can be visualized and communicated effectively through graphical means. The aim of this study was to develop a data prediction and visualization system based on historical data and thematic map technology to visualize forecast temporal ecological changes. The visualization system consists of prediction and data visualization modules. The prediction module is developed using a hybrid evolutionary algorithm (HEA) to classify and predict noisy ecological data. The visualization module is developed using Dotnet Framework 2.0 to implement thematic cartography for volume visualization. The visualization system is evaluated by its capability in representing the output data on a map, and by predicting the abundance of Chlorophyta based on other water quality parameters. Rules for predicting Chlorophyta abundance had a success rate of almost 90%. The integration of computational data mining using HEA and visualization using thematic maps promises practical solutions and better techniques for forecasting temporal ecological changes, especially when data sets have complex relationships without clear distinction between various variables.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1041167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The number of chromosomes and karyotype of Hibiscus mutabilis f. mutabilis were analyzed with the root tip squash method. The results showed that H. mutabilis f. mutabilis is diploid, the chromosome number of the somatic cell is2n = 92 and the index of relative length is 16L + 12M 2 + 56M 1 + 8S. The karyotype formula is K(2n) = 2x = 92 =86m + 6sm and the asymmetrical index of the karyotype is 54.54%. The karyotype is 2C.
{"title":"Chromosome and karyotype analysis of Hibiscus mutabilis f. mutabilis","authors":"Yu-ping Li, Xinlei Zhang, Wen-ting Wu, Shu-xing Miao, Jun-li Chang","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1041166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1041166","url":null,"abstract":"The number of chromosomes and karyotype of Hibiscus mutabilis f. mutabilis were analyzed with the root tip squash method. The results showed that H. mutabilis f. mutabilis is diploid, the chromosome number of the somatic cell is2n = 92 and the index of relative length is 16L + 12M 2 + 56M 1 + 8S. The karyotype formula is K(2n) = 2x = 92 =86m + 6sm and the asymmetrical index of the karyotype is 54.54%. The karyotype is 2C.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1041166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-13DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1041186
R. Gundamaraju, R. Vemuri, Lam Sau Kuen, R. Manikam, Rajeev K. Singla, S. Sekaran, Ramesh Chakrapani
Rabies is a devastating viral disease affecting the central nervous system. The fatality rate is very high compared to other viral diseases. Inadequate vaccination, lack of awareness, cost of medications and ineffective post-prophylactic surveillance are some of the major reasons for the high prevalence of rabies in tropical regions, leading to more than 40,000 cases annually presenting a major threat to public health. The present report aims to provide an overview of the lethal effects of rabies in major regions of the tropics, such as China and its neighboring countries, India, Bangkok, Thailand, all major regions of Africa, such as Tanzania and Ethiopia, and tropical regions of South America. The review is based on rich literature sources including epidemiological and endemic surveys, sample analysis, and health and hygiene reports from various parts of the world. The epidemiology is elucidated in the present article. The review also highlights the incidence of cases and aspects of prophylaxis. A bird's-eye view of rabies and its epidemic impact will encourage researchers to act further on the disease, which will lead to better awareness and treatment options.
{"title":"The science of rabies in tropical regions: From epidemiological pandemonium to prevention","authors":"R. Gundamaraju, R. Vemuri, Lam Sau Kuen, R. Manikam, Rajeev K. Singla, S. Sekaran, Ramesh Chakrapani","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1041186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1041186","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies is a devastating viral disease affecting the central nervous system. The fatality rate is very high compared to other viral diseases. Inadequate vaccination, lack of awareness, cost of medications and ineffective post-prophylactic surveillance are some of the major reasons for the high prevalence of rabies in tropical regions, leading to more than 40,000 cases annually presenting a major threat to public health. The present report aims to provide an overview of the lethal effects of rabies in major regions of the tropics, such as China and its neighboring countries, India, Bangkok, Thailand, all major regions of Africa, such as Tanzania and Ethiopia, and tropical regions of South America. The review is based on rich literature sources including epidemiological and endemic surveys, sample analysis, and health and hygiene reports from various parts of the world. The epidemiology is elucidated in the present article. The review also highlights the incidence of cases and aspects of prophylaxis. A bird's-eye view of rabies and its epidemic impact will encourage researchers to act further on the disease, which will lead to better awareness and treatment options.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1041186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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