Haitian Yu, Zhongjie Xu, Kunning Cui, Rihui Cheng, Yang Zhou
The North Yellow Sea Basin in the Eastern North China Craton preserves the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous, and the sedimentary processes of the basin provide clear tectonic transformation records. The Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous detrital mode analysis of sandstone and Lower Cretaceous detrital zircon U–Pb chronology was used to trace the sedimentary provenance and discuss how the sedimentary process records tectonic transformation. The detrital mode analysis of the sandstone revealed significant compositional changes over time. There were more metamorphic lithics and less feldspar in the Upper Jurassic sedimentary rocks, and fewer metamorphic lithics and more feldspar in the Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. These changes in sandstone composition suggest that the source area of the basin changed. Detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology indicated that the sources of Early Cretaceous sediments were no longer from the Sulu orogenic belt but originated from the Liaodong Peninsula and the Korean Peninsula. The change in the sediment source direction from the Upper Jurassic to the Lower Cretaceous in the North Yellow Sea Basin is a good record of compressional orogenesis during the Late Jurassic and transitioning to strike-slip and extensional processes in the Early Cretaceous.
{"title":"Sedimentary Provenance Transition in the North Yellow Sea Basin During Tectonic Transition Period of the Eastern North China Craton in the Late Mesozoic and Its Tectonic Implications","authors":"Haitian Yu, Zhongjie Xu, Kunning Cui, Rihui Cheng, Yang Zhou","doi":"10.1002/gj.5159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5159","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The North Yellow Sea Basin in the Eastern North China Craton preserves the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous, and the sedimentary processes of the basin provide clear tectonic transformation records. The Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous detrital mode analysis of sandstone and Lower Cretaceous detrital zircon U–Pb chronology was used to trace the sedimentary provenance and discuss how the sedimentary process records tectonic transformation. The detrital mode analysis of the sandstone revealed significant compositional changes over time. There were more metamorphic lithics and less feldspar in the Upper Jurassic sedimentary rocks, and fewer metamorphic lithics and more feldspar in the Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. These changes in sandstone composition suggest that the source area of the basin changed. Detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology indicated that the sources of Early Cretaceous sediments were no longer from the Sulu orogenic belt but originated from the Liaodong Peninsula and the Korean Peninsula. The change in the sediment source direction from the Upper Jurassic to the Lower Cretaceous in the North Yellow Sea Basin is a good record of compressional orogenesis during the Late Jurassic and transitioning to strike-slip and extensional processes in the Early Cretaceous.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"60 9","pages":"2075-2094"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Khalid Anser, Magdalena Radulescu, Zulfiqar Khan, Abdelmohsen A. Nassani
This research intends to examine how renewable energy (REN) consumption and natural resource (RES) rents affect the environmental impact of consumption in Switzerland. Along with REN and RES, the study considers Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and participatory democracy as other independent variables of interest. The study measures the environmental impact of consumption by considering consumption-based CO2 emissions. The study covers the period from 1990 to 2021. For econometric analysis, the study employs a dynamic version of the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model along with other pre- and post-diagnostic tests. The study findings confirm that there are negative and significant effects of REN use on the environmental impact of consumption during the long run and short run period, which is further confirmed by causality results from frequency domain causality analysis. However, RES rents do not significantly affect the environment given the scarcity of RES in this country. The short-run analysis from the dynamic ARDL model confirms the negative impact of ICT and participatory democracy on the environmental impact of consumption, but long-run coefficients remain insignificant. However, the frequency domain result only confirms the causality from democracy to environmental impacts. The study findings are further validated by a machine learning algorithm. Finally, several policy implications are suggested to reduce the environmental impact of consumption in this economy.
{"title":"The Roles of Renewable Energy and Natural Resources in Shaping a Greener Switzerland: A Consumption-Side Perspective","authors":"Muhammad Khalid Anser, Magdalena Radulescu, Zulfiqar Khan, Abdelmohsen A. Nassani","doi":"10.1002/gj.5148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research intends to examine how renewable energy (REN) consumption and natural resource (RES) rents affect the environmental impact of consumption in Switzerland. Along with REN and RES, the study considers Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and participatory democracy as other independent variables of interest. The study measures the environmental impact of consumption by considering consumption-based CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The study covers the period from 1990 to 2021. For econometric analysis, the study employs a dynamic version of the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model along with other pre- and post-diagnostic tests. The study findings confirm that there are negative and significant effects of REN use on the environmental impact of consumption during the long run and short run period, which is further confirmed by causality results from frequency domain causality analysis. However, RES rents do not significantly affect the environment given the scarcity of RES in this country. The short-run analysis from the dynamic ARDL model confirms the negative impact of ICT and participatory democracy on the environmental impact of consumption, but long-run coefficients remain insignificant. However, the frequency domain result only confirms the causality from democracy to environmental impacts. The study findings are further validated by a machine learning algorithm. Finally, several policy implications are suggested to reduce the environmental impact of consumption in this economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"60 11","pages":"2652-2668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gj.5148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ke Zhang, Zhaodong Xi, Songhang Zhang, Shuheng Tang, Jianwei Lv, Haikuan Nie, Donglin Lin
<div> <p>The types of organic matter (OM) significantly impact the hydrocarbon generation potential, reservoir capacity and mechanical properties of shale. Unlike the relatively homogeneous OM in high-maturity marine shale (predominantly solid bitumen), marine–continental transitional shale exhibits a more complex OM assemblage, comprising a mixture of marine and terrestrial kerogen (vitrinite, inertinite and liptinite) and solid bitumen. Accurate differentiation of OM types and quantification of their associated pores are critical for evaluating the reservoir properties of transitional shale formations. This study investigates the Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation shale in the Ningwu Basin, a representative marine–continental transitional system. A correlative microscopy approach integrating scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy was employed to classify OM types, which was further augmented by image segmentation processing techniques to elucidate their pore development characteristics. It reveals disparities in pore development associated with different OM types and proposes an SEM–based identification method for distinguishing them. Results indicated that vitrinite has thick cell walls with vertical fractures, a low grayscale value and a carbon content ranging from 80% to 95%; inertinite has thinner walls with distinct protrusions, a slightly higher grayscale value than vitrinite and carbon content between 75% and 90%; liptinite often retains the morphology of residual vegetation, such as serrated cutinite, flat ring-like sporinite and lens-like structured alginite. Solid bitumen has the highest grayscale value and is amorphous in shape. The development of OM pores is significantly related to the OM type, with the most developed pores found in solid bitumen, which is secondary in origin. This is followed by vitrinite and inertinite, with both secondary and primary pores present. The development of pores in OM is also related to the degree of thermal evolution and the types of surrounding minerals and contact relationships. The Taiyuan Formation transitional shale in the Ningwu Basin exhibits a wide range of total organic carbon (TOC) contents, with an average of 2.14%. Its microscopic components are primarily vitrinite and inertinite (over 50%), with a low degree of thermal maturity (average 1.17%) and low content of rigid minerals (average 42.3%), resulting in poorly developed OM pores and primarily intergranular pores in the storage spaces. However, the high organic carbon content and the strong adsorption capacity of vitrinite still endow the reservoir with the ability to enrich shale gas. The transitional shale possesses unique geological features, including interspersed thin coal seams and sandstone layers. The coal generates hydrocarbons and supplies gas in conjunction with shale, whereas thin sand layers enhance the reservoir capacity of the Taiyuan Formation shale, harbouring the potential for
{"title":"Characteristics of Organic Matter Types and Organic Matter Pore Development in Marine–Continental Transitional Shale","authors":"Ke Zhang, Zhaodong Xi, Songhang Zhang, Shuheng Tang, Jianwei Lv, Haikuan Nie, Donglin Lin","doi":"10.1002/gj.5160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5160","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The types of organic matter (OM) significantly impact the hydrocarbon generation potential, reservoir capacity and mechanical properties of shale. Unlike the relatively homogeneous OM in high-maturity marine shale (predominantly solid bitumen), marine–continental transitional shale exhibits a more complex OM assemblage, comprising a mixture of marine and terrestrial kerogen (vitrinite, inertinite and liptinite) and solid bitumen. Accurate differentiation of OM types and quantification of their associated pores are critical for evaluating the reservoir properties of transitional shale formations. This study investigates the Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation shale in the Ningwu Basin, a representative marine–continental transitional system. A correlative microscopy approach integrating scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy was employed to classify OM types, which was further augmented by image segmentation processing techniques to elucidate their pore development characteristics. It reveals disparities in pore development associated with different OM types and proposes an SEM–based identification method for distinguishing them. Results indicated that vitrinite has thick cell walls with vertical fractures, a low grayscale value and a carbon content ranging from 80% to 95%; inertinite has thinner walls with distinct protrusions, a slightly higher grayscale value than vitrinite and carbon content between 75% and 90%; liptinite often retains the morphology of residual vegetation, such as serrated cutinite, flat ring-like sporinite and lens-like structured alginite. Solid bitumen has the highest grayscale value and is amorphous in shape. The development of OM pores is significantly related to the OM type, with the most developed pores found in solid bitumen, which is secondary in origin. This is followed by vitrinite and inertinite, with both secondary and primary pores present. The development of pores in OM is also related to the degree of thermal evolution and the types of surrounding minerals and contact relationships. The Taiyuan Formation transitional shale in the Ningwu Basin exhibits a wide range of total organic carbon (TOC) contents, with an average of 2.14%. Its microscopic components are primarily vitrinite and inertinite (over 50%), with a low degree of thermal maturity (average 1.17%) and low content of rigid minerals (average 42.3%), resulting in poorly developed OM pores and primarily intergranular pores in the storage spaces. However, the high organic carbon content and the strong adsorption capacity of vitrinite still endow the reservoir with the ability to enrich shale gas. The transitional shale possesses unique geological features, including interspersed thin coal seams and sandstone layers. The coal generates hydrocarbons and supplies gas in conjunction with shale, whereas thin sand layers enhance the reservoir capacity of the Taiyuan Formation shale, harbouring the potential for ","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"60 9","pages":"2095-2113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A suite of organic-carbon-rich mudstones has been recently identified in the lower Carboniferous Zaduo Group in the eastern North Qiangtang Basin. Fossils from this group suggest an early Carboniferous depositional age. However, an unconformity recognised between the lower clastic rock unit and the upper carbonate unit of the Zaduo Group indicates a sedimentary hiatus. Here, we report detrital zircon U–Pb geochronological and sporopollen fossil data from the lower clastic rock unit of the Zaduo Group to examine its age. All the eight samples contain Triassic zircons and give a maximum depositional age of Late Triassic, which could also be indicated by the sporopollen results. This age revision has been roughly checked over a spatial span of 300 km in the eastern North Qiangtang Basin. The detrital zircon U–Pb age patterns highly resemble those from the Triassic Bagong Formation in the Qiangtang Basin and Upper Triassic flysch deposits in the Songpan-Garze Terrane. Considering the similarities in organic-carbon content, detrital zircon age patterns, rock assemblages, and spatial distributions between the lower clastic rock unit of the Zaduo Group and the Bagong Formation, it is quite possible that the lower unit of the Zaduo Group is an extension of the Bagong Formation. Moreover, the mudstones of Bagong Formation are the most important source rocks in the Qiangtang Basin, which requires more details and caution to verify the depositional age of the Zaduo Group. Further, the age revision highlights the need for caution to reevaluate the distribution of source rocks in the Qiangtang Basin.
{"title":"The Age and Provenance of Zaduo Group in the Qiangtang Basin: Constraints From Zircon U–Pb Geochronology and Palynology","authors":"Yanbin Li, Bo Zheng, Jie Dai, Yanxiong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/gj.5163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5163","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A suite of organic-carbon-rich mudstones has been recently identified in the lower Carboniferous Zaduo Group in the eastern North Qiangtang Basin. Fossils from this group suggest an early Carboniferous depositional age. However, an unconformity recognised between the lower clastic rock unit and the upper carbonate unit of the Zaduo Group indicates a sedimentary hiatus. Here, we report detrital zircon U–Pb geochronological and sporopollen fossil data from the lower clastic rock unit of the Zaduo Group to examine its age. All the eight samples contain Triassic zircons and give a maximum depositional age of Late Triassic, which could also be indicated by the sporopollen results. This age revision has been roughly checked over a spatial span of 300 km in the eastern North Qiangtang Basin. The detrital zircon U–Pb age patterns highly resemble those from the Triassic Bagong Formation in the Qiangtang Basin and Upper Triassic flysch deposits in the Songpan-Garze Terrane. Considering the similarities in organic-carbon content, detrital zircon age patterns, rock assemblages, and spatial distributions between the lower clastic rock unit of the Zaduo Group and the Bagong Formation, it is quite possible that the lower unit of the Zaduo Group is an extension of the Bagong Formation. Moreover, the mudstones of Bagong Formation are the most important source rocks in the Qiangtang Basin, which requires more details and caution to verify the depositional age of the Zaduo Group. Further, the age revision highlights the need for caution to reevaluate the distribution of source rocks in the Qiangtang Basin.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"60 9","pages":"2140-2151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The central Qinzhou-Hangzhou metallogenic belt in south China hosts large to supra-large hard-rock type lithium ore deposits. This contribution presents an integrated study of zircon U–Pb geochronology, whole-rock and in situ Lu-Hf isotopic geochemistry for the Dagang muscovite-granite type Lithium ore deposit. LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating of five muscovite-granitic samples yielded weighted average 206Pb/238U ages of 145 ± 3, 143 ± 1, 143 ± 1, 144 ± 3 and 144 ± 6 Ma, respectively, which are interpreted as the intrusion and mineralization ages of the granite. The Dagang granites have high SiO2, Na2O + K2O and Al2O3 contents that are similar to those of strongly peraluminous granites. All the samples are depleted in Ba, Nb and Ti elements, but enriched Rb, Ta, Pb and U elements, as well as they have large negative εHf(t) values of −11 ± 1.3, −8.1 ± 0.6, −6.7 ± 1.5, −8.6 ± 0.9 and −10.3 ± 2.3, which are indicative of dominantly Mesoproterozoic continental crustal metasedimentary in origin. There is no obvious correlation between SiO2 and Li, whereas SiO2/Al2O3 show negative correlation with Li, in combination with positive correlations of LOI, Rb, Cs and Li, as well as consensual genetic views of high-U zircons, it is proposed that lithium enrichment of the muscovite-granite type lithium ore deposit occurred late stage of crystallisation differentiation of silicic magmatic system during Al-rich mineral precipitation, and are superimposed of hydrothermal alteration.
{"title":"Petrogenesis and Geochronology of the Dagang Muscovite-Granite in the Central Qinzhou-Hangzhou Metallogenic Belt, South China: Implications for Lithium-Enrichment Mechanism of Granite-Type Lithium Ore Deposit","authors":"Xingfu Jiang, Ting Ding, Bing Pan, Tengxin Li, Yifei Han, Yuzhuo Chen, Xiangjin Zeng","doi":"10.1002/gj.5138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5138","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The central Qinzhou-Hangzhou metallogenic belt in south China hosts large to supra-large hard-rock type lithium ore deposits. This contribution presents an integrated study of zircon U–Pb geochronology, whole-rock and in situ Lu-Hf isotopic geochemistry for the Dagang muscovite-granite type Lithium ore deposit. LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating of five muscovite-granitic samples yielded weighted average <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>238</sup>U ages of 145 ± 3, 143 ± 1, 143 ± 1, 144 ± 3 and 144 ± 6 Ma, respectively, which are interpreted as the intrusion and mineralization ages of the granite. The Dagang granites have high SiO<sub>2</sub>, Na<sub>2</sub>O + K<sub>2</sub>O and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> contents that are similar to those of strongly peraluminous granites. All the samples are depleted in Ba, Nb and Ti elements, but enriched Rb, Ta, Pb and U elements, as well as they have large negative ε<sub>Hf(t)</sub> values of −11 ± 1.3, −8.1 ± 0.6, −6.7 ± 1.5, −8.6 ± 0.9 and −10.3 ± 2.3, which are indicative of dominantly Mesoproterozoic continental crustal metasedimentary in origin. There is no obvious correlation between SiO<sub>2</sub> and Li, whereas SiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> show negative correlation with Li, in combination with positive correlations of LOI, Rb, Cs and Li, as well as consensual genetic views of high-U zircons, it is proposed that lithium enrichment of the muscovite-granite type lithium ore deposit occurred late stage of crystallisation differentiation of silicic magmatic system during Al-rich mineral precipitation, and are superimposed of hydrothermal alteration.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"60 8","pages":"1866-1884"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The green park serves as a significant spatial carrier for China's strategy to become a manufacturing powerhouse and promote industrial transformation and upgrading. It is a crucial platform for implementing and driving the transformation and development of green manufacturing, promoting green development and harmonious coexistence between man and nature in the current era. The main focus of this study is a total of 249 green parks announced by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and it employs the multi-time point PSM-DID method to investigate 280 prefecture-level cities. The results show that: (1) The coefficient of the green park certification policy is estimated to have a significantly negative impact at the 1% significance level. (2) The green park certification facilitates the integration of pollution reduction and carbon reduction efforts by leveraging green technology innovation and government support. (3) The promoting effect of green industrial park certification has regional consistency and resource heterogeneity. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the effects and pathways of green park certification on the synergies of carbon and pollution reduction.
{"title":"Driving Mechanism of Synergistic Efficiency in Reducing Pollution and Carbon: Evidence From 249 Green Parks","authors":"Chuang Li, Keke Li, Liping Wang","doi":"10.1002/gj.5133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5133","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The green park serves as a significant spatial carrier for China's strategy to become a manufacturing powerhouse and promote industrial transformation and upgrading. It is a crucial platform for implementing and driving the transformation and development of green manufacturing, promoting green development and harmonious coexistence between man and nature in the current era. The main focus of this study is a total of 249 green parks announced by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and it employs the multi-time point PSM-DID method to investigate 280 prefecture-level cities. The results show that: (1) The coefficient of the green park certification policy is estimated to have a significantly negative impact at the 1% significance level. (2) The green park certification facilitates the integration of pollution reduction and carbon reduction efforts by leveraging green technology innovation and government support. (3) The promoting effect of green industrial park certification has regional consistency and resource heterogeneity. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the effects and pathways of green park certification on the synergies of carbon and pollution reduction.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"60 6","pages":"1431-1452"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lei Pang, Yonghe Sun, Ming Hu, Tongwen Sun, Shangming Shi
The Bohai Bay Basin is one of China's largest basins in terms of discovered hydrocarbon reserves. In this basin, unconformities serve as key pathways for the lateral migration of hydrocarbons, with the T8, T5 and T2 unconformities being the main ones developed here. Studying how these three unconformities differ in migration capacity is therefore essential for understanding hydrocarbon accumulation. By using logging data, along with measurements of porosity, permeability and sedimentary facies distribution, we analysed and compared the structures, physical properties and continuity of these unconformities. Based on this analysis, we linked hydrocarbon reserves per unit area to migration probability and developed a model for migration range. The results show that: (1) Although the T8 unconformity has poorer porosity and permeability compared to T5, it provides better continuity for migration channels, making T8 the main pathway in depressions, while T5 is more discontinuous and thus likely to form lithologic reservoirs in these areas. (2) T8 and T5 overlap gradually along the uplift belts, where both the porosity-permeability and thickness of these unconformities improve, and T2 has both good continuity and physical properties, facilitating lateral migration on the uplift belts. (3) Compared with other unconformities, T2 is the primary migration pathway above the uplift areas.
{"title":"Multiple Sets of Unconformity Migration Capacity and Their Influence on Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Bozhong Area of the Bohai Bay Basin","authors":"Lei Pang, Yonghe Sun, Ming Hu, Tongwen Sun, Shangming Shi","doi":"10.1002/gj.5129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5129","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Bohai Bay Basin is one of China's largest basins in terms of discovered hydrocarbon reserves. In this basin, unconformities serve as key pathways for the lateral migration of hydrocarbons, with the T8, T5 and T2 unconformities being the main ones developed here. Studying how these three unconformities differ in migration capacity is therefore essential for understanding hydrocarbon accumulation. By using logging data, along with measurements of porosity, permeability and sedimentary facies distribution, we analysed and compared the structures, physical properties and continuity of these unconformities. Based on this analysis, we linked hydrocarbon reserves per unit area to migration probability and developed a model for migration range. The results show that: (1) Although the T8 unconformity has poorer porosity and permeability compared to T5, it provides better continuity for migration channels, making T8 the main pathway in depressions, while T5 is more discontinuous and thus likely to form lithologic reservoirs in these areas. (2) T8 and T5 overlap gradually along the uplift belts, where both the porosity-permeability and thickness of these unconformities improve, and T2 has both good continuity and physical properties, facilitating lateral migration on the uplift belts. (3) Compared with other unconformities, T2 is the primary migration pathway above the uplift areas.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"60 6","pages":"1394-1408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
China is committed to carbon neutral by 2060 to reduce its carbon footprint to zero. This research investigates the challenges surrounding the adoption of digitalisation in the energy sector and proposes policy plans to overcome them to achieve sustainability goals. This study utilised the fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to assess the key challenges and sub-challenges. Next, the fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is used to rank the policy plans to overcome the challenges for digital transformation in the energy sector toward carbon neutrality in China. The result of fuzzy AHP identified that financial constraints (DES1) is the most crucial challenge hindering digitalisation efforts with a weight of 0.172, followed by operational and management barriers (DES8) with a weight of 0.156, and regulatory and policy challenges (DES2) with a weight of 0.144. Next, the findings of fuzzy TOPSIS revealed that enhancing financial viability and investment (PP2) has obtained the first rank plan with a score of 0.065, following fostering regulatory support and policy development (PP3) with a score of 0.063 and building public trust and engagement (PP10) with a score of 0.060. These policy plans play a crucial role in addressing the challenges associated with adopting digitalisation in China's energy sector, toward a more efficient, sustainable and resilient energy transition.
{"title":"Exploring and Overcoming Challenges for Digital Transformation in the Energy Sector Toward Carbon Neutrality","authors":"Chengyou Xiao","doi":"10.1002/gj.5156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5156","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>China is committed to carbon neutral by 2060 to reduce its carbon footprint to zero. This research investigates the challenges surrounding the adoption of digitalisation in the energy sector and proposes policy plans to overcome them to achieve sustainability goals. This study utilised the fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to assess the key challenges and sub-challenges. Next, the fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is used to rank the policy plans to overcome the challenges for digital transformation in the energy sector toward carbon neutrality in China. The result of fuzzy AHP identified that financial constraints (DES1) is the most crucial challenge hindering digitalisation efforts with a weight of 0.172, followed by operational and management barriers (DES8) with a weight of 0.156, and regulatory and policy challenges (DES2) with a weight of 0.144. Next, the findings of fuzzy TOPSIS revealed that enhancing financial viability and investment (PP2) has obtained the first rank plan with a score of 0.065, following fostering regulatory support and policy development (PP3) with a score of 0.063 and building public trust and engagement (PP10) with a score of 0.060. These policy plans play a crucial role in addressing the challenges associated with adopting digitalisation in China's energy sector, toward a more efficient, sustainable and resilient energy transition.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"60 11","pages":"2669-2688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Apurva D. Shitole, Satish J. Patel, Jehova Lalmalsawm Darngawn, Jaquilin K. Joseph
The Narmada Basin in west-central India forms the northern part of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ). The Cretaceous Bagh Group rocks of the Western Lower Narmada Valley (WLNV) succession was studied for sedimentary facies analysis and ichnology. Textural and mineralogical characteristics along with primary and secondary sedimentary structures revealed 11 lithofacies, of which the calcareous sandstone, fine-grained sandstone-siltstone-shale and sandy/silty allochemic limestone lithofacies are highly bioturbated. WLNV contains a well-preserved, less diverse, and relatively abundant ichnofauna; a total of 24 ichnospecies belonging to 15 ichnogenera with pseudotrace fossils are identified and described. The trace fossils belong to the Skolithos, Cruziana and Glossifungites Ichnofacies. The Skolithos Ichnofacies suggest an upper shoreface environment with moderate-to-high energy conditions and shifting substrate; the Cruziana Ichnofacies suggest a lower shoreface environment with low-to-moderate sedimentation rates and energy conditions and the Glossifungites Ichnofacies suggest dewatering of sediments and a slow rate of sedimentation. Early ichnological studies in the different Tethys-related Cretaceous basins of the Indian subcontinent (Eastern Lower Narmada Valley, Kachchh, Cauvery, Jaisalmer, Barmer and Saurashtra) primarily focused on identifying the trace fossils, describing the new species and interpreting them in relation to trace producers and depositional environment. However, many of the ichnogenera and ichnospecies established from these basins need special attention because they either have been described as invalid, revised or assigned an unclear taxonomic status. The Cretaceous trace fossils reported to date from these basins are compiled along with their paleoenvironmental interpretation. The study also discusses the present status of the ichnogenera and ichnospecies names of the trace fossils reported to date from these basins. These data can be further used to enhance our understanding of how paleoenvironmental conditions control the distribution of trace-making communities across space and time.
纳尔马达盆地位于印度中西部，是印度中部构造带的北部。对西下纳尔马达河谷（WLNV）序列白垩系Bagh群进行了沉积相分析和沉积技术研究。构造和矿物学特征以及原生和次生沉积构造揭示了11个岩相，其中钙质砂岩、细粒砂岩-粉砂岩-页岩和砂质/粉质异化灰岩岩相生物扰动程度较高。WLNV有保存较好、种类较少但相对丰富的鱼动物群；共鉴定和描述了15个鱼属24种，并附有假迹化石。微量化石属于斯科利索、克鲁齐亚纳和舌藻岩三种岩相。斯科利索海相为中高能量条件和移动底物的上滨面环境；克鲁齐亚纳（Cruziana）相显示出较低的滨面环境，具有低至中等的沉积速率和能量条件；格氏真菌岩（Glossifungites）相显示出沉积物脱水和缓慢的沉积速率。在印度次大陆不同的tethys相关白垩纪盆地（Eastern Lower Narmada Valley, Kachchh, Cauvery, Jaisalmer， Barmer和Saurashtra）的早期技术研究主要集中在鉴定痕量化石，描述新物种并解释它们与痕量产生者和沉积环境的关系。然而，在这些盆地中建立的许多鱼属和鱼种需要特别注意，因为它们要么被描述为无效的，要么被修订，要么被赋予不明确的分类地位。整理了这些盆地迄今报告的白垩纪痕迹化石，并对其古环境进行了解释。本文还讨论了这些盆地迄今所报告的痕迹化石的鱼属和鱼种名称的现状。这些数据可以进一步用于增强我们对古环境条件如何控制痕迹群落在空间和时间上的分布的理解。
{"title":"A Review of the Cretaceous Ichnology of Tethys-Related Basins in India: New Record From the Bagh Group","authors":"Apurva D. Shitole, Satish J. Patel, Jehova Lalmalsawm Darngawn, Jaquilin K. Joseph","doi":"10.1002/gj.5139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5139","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Narmada Basin in west-central India forms the northern part of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ). The Cretaceous Bagh Group rocks of the Western Lower Narmada Valley (WLNV) succession was studied for sedimentary facies analysis and ichnology. Textural and mineralogical characteristics along with primary and secondary sedimentary structures revealed 11 lithofacies, of which the calcareous sandstone, fine-grained sandstone-siltstone-shale and sandy/silty allochemic limestone lithofacies are highly bioturbated. WLNV contains a well-preserved, less diverse, and relatively abundant ichnofauna; a total of 24 ichnospecies belonging to 15 ichnogenera with pseudotrace fossils are identified and described. The trace fossils belong to the <i>Skolithos</i>, <i>Cruziana</i> and <i>Glossifungites</i> Ichnofacies. The <i>Skolithos</i> Ichnofacies suggest an upper shoreface environment with moderate-to-high energy conditions and shifting substrate; the <i>Cruziana</i> Ichnofacies suggest a lower shoreface environment with low-to-moderate sedimentation rates and energy conditions and the <i>Glossifungites</i> Ichnofacies suggest dewatering of sediments and a slow rate of sedimentation. Early ichnological studies in the different Tethys-related Cretaceous basins of the Indian subcontinent (Eastern Lower Narmada Valley, Kachchh, Cauvery, Jaisalmer, Barmer and Saurashtra) primarily focused on identifying the trace fossils, describing the new species and interpreting them in relation to trace producers and depositional environment. However, many of the ichnogenera and ichnospecies established from these basins need special attention because they either have been described as invalid, revised or assigned an unclear taxonomic status. The Cretaceous trace fossils reported to date from these basins are compiled along with their paleoenvironmental interpretation. The study also discusses the present status of the ichnogenera and ichnospecies names of the trace fossils reported to date from these basins. These data can be further used to enhance our understanding of how paleoenvironmental conditions control the distribution of trace-making communities across space and time.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"60 6","pages":"1488-1514"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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