4-Hydroxyisophorone (4HIP) is an oxygenated intermediate derived from isophorone, serving as an important flavor and fragrance and chiral synthon of pharmaceutical drugs. In this study, a newly identified P450CYP107J3 from was found to prefer 4-hydroxylation of isophorone (80% regioselectivity) with 4HIP as the predominant product (59% product proportion). Bioinformatic analyses, including homologous modelling and molecular docking, reveal that four potential “hotspot” residues (L98, T300, M401 and V296) located on both sides of the substrate in the active pocket may control regioselectivity. By introducing polar residues to these hotspots to disrupt the hydrophobic balance, significant improvement in C4-regioselectivity was achieved by variants of L98, T300, and M401, with the most effective L98N exhibiting a notable enhancement of 93% C4-regioselectivity including 81% of 4HIP. Following, the double mutant L98N-M401F further improved both C4-regioselectivity (97%) and the proportion of 4HIP (86%). Remarkably, variant V296T essentially shifted regioselectivity from 4HIP to 6-hydroxyisophorone (6HIP) with an 80% preference for the latter, indicating the crucial role of V296 in controlling regioselectivity. Subsequently, the mechanism of regioselectivity of isophorone hydroxylation catalyzed by CYP107J3 was revealed by computational analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrated the generality of conserved hotspots L98 and V296 in mediating regioselectivity control in the CYP107J family members like CYP107J1 and CYP107J5. Overall, our study not only expands the biocatalytic toolbox for producing 4HIP and the -hydroxy ketone 6HIP but also provides efficient engineering strategy and knowledge for the regioselectivity control of P450s in potential applications.
{"title":"Modulating regioselectivity of CYP107J3-catalyzed isophorone hydroxylation by disrupting the hydrophobic balance of the substrate binding pocket","authors":"Meng Dai, Xiaojuan Yu, Xiaogang Peng, Zhiyong Guo, Huili Yu, Aitao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gresc.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"4-Hydroxyisophorone (4HIP) is an oxygenated intermediate derived from isophorone, serving as an important flavor and fragrance and chiral synthon of pharmaceutical drugs. In this study, a newly identified P450CYP107J3 from was found to prefer 4-hydroxylation of isophorone (80% regioselectivity) with 4HIP as the predominant product (59% product proportion). Bioinformatic analyses, including homologous modelling and molecular docking, reveal that four potential “hotspot” residues (L98, T300, M401 and V296) located on both sides of the substrate in the active pocket may control regioselectivity. By introducing polar residues to these hotspots to disrupt the hydrophobic balance, significant improvement in C4-regioselectivity was achieved by variants of L98, T300, and M401, with the most effective L98N exhibiting a notable enhancement of 93% C4-regioselectivity including 81% of 4HIP. Following, the double mutant L98N-M401F further improved both C4-regioselectivity (97%) and the proportion of 4HIP (86%). Remarkably, variant V296T essentially shifted regioselectivity from 4HIP to 6-hydroxyisophorone (6HIP) with an 80% preference for the latter, indicating the crucial role of V296 in controlling regioselectivity. Subsequently, the mechanism of regioselectivity of isophorone hydroxylation catalyzed by CYP107J3 was revealed by computational analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrated the generality of conserved hotspots L98 and V296 in mediating regioselectivity control in the CYP107J family members like CYP107J1 and CYP107J5. Overall, our study not only expands the biocatalytic toolbox for producing 4HIP and the -hydroxy ketone 6HIP but also provides efficient engineering strategy and knowledge for the regioselectivity control of P450s in potential applications.","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141885091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.06.006
Kui Wang , Yingjun Tian , Baoying Li , Ling Wang , Wei Gao , Xiaofei Jia , Ruiming Wang , Yanping Zhu , Jianbin Chen
We demonstrated herein an electrochemical dearomatizative alkylation of Katritzky salts, wherein Katritzky salts were harnessed as both radical acceptors and donors. A wide range of privileged dihydropyridine scaffolds was constructed with good to excellent yields. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results confirmed the key intermediates-dihydropyridine radicals and gram-scale reaction highlighted the practical and sustainable feature of the newly developed protocol.
{"title":"Catalyst-free electrochemical dearomatization of pyridine derivatives","authors":"Kui Wang , Yingjun Tian , Baoying Li , Ling Wang , Wei Gao , Xiaofei Jia , Ruiming Wang , Yanping Zhu , Jianbin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2022.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2022.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We demonstrated herein an electrochemical dearomatizative alkylation of Katritzky salts, wherein Katritzky salts were harnessed as both radical acceptors and donors. A wide range of privileged dihydropyridine scaffolds was constructed with good to excellent yields. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results confirmed the key intermediates-dihydropyridine radicals and gram-scale reaction highlighted the practical and sustainable feature of the newly developed protocol.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 136-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666554922000680/pdfft?md5=f2d172da95265659c37bdc85102ef02c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666554922000680-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87260365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.10.003
Ying Lv, Li Chen, Xinghan Yun, Kun Li, Shengjiao Yan
A novel method for the preparation of highly functionalized 4-oxo-3-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-4H-chromenes (OPCMs) from 3-formylchromones and α-isocyanoacetates via an unprecedented three-component [1 + 1 + 3] cycloaddition reaction in one pot was developed. The three-component cascade reaction was enabled by refluxing a mixture of the substrates in 1,4-dioxane in the presence of Ag2CO3 as a Lewis acid promoter. As a result, a series of functionalized pyrroles (OPCMs, 3), was prepared regioselectively and in high yields (80%–88%) through the formation of three bonds. This protocol can be used in the synthesis of OPCMs rather than through conventional, multi-step reactions and is suitable for both combinatorial and parallel syntheses of pyrroles.
{"title":"Cascade reaction of 3-formylchromones: Highly selective synthesis of 4-oxo-3-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-4H-chromenes","authors":"Ying Lv, Li Chen, Xinghan Yun, Kun Li, Shengjiao Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2022.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gresc.2022.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel method for the preparation of highly functionalized 4-oxo-3-(1<em>H</em>-pyrrol-3-yl)-4<em>H</em>-chromenes (OPCMs) from 3-formylchromones and <em>α</em>-isocyanoacetates <em>via</em> an unprecedented three-component [1 + 1 + 3] cycloaddition reaction in one pot was developed. The three-component cascade reaction was enabled by refluxing a mixture of the substrates in 1,4-dioxane in the presence of Ag<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> as a Lewis acid promoter. As a result, a series of functionalized pyrroles (OPCMs, <strong>3</strong>), was prepared regioselectively and in high yields (80%–88%) through the formation of three bonds. This protocol can be used in the synthesis of OPCMs rather than through conventional, multi-step reactions and is suitable for both combinatorial and parallel syntheses of pyrroles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 94-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666554922001028/pdfft?md5=10d8602b21bda7cbfadf0c6ef0c7a753&pid=1-s2.0-S2666554922001028-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141089939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2023.01.002
Shuowen Wang , Rong Li , Shanping Chen , Guojiang Mao , Wen Shao , Guo-Jun Deng
A strategy for the synthesis of α-carboline derivatives from indole-3-carboxaldehydes and 3-aminocyclohex-2-enones under metal-free conditions has been developed. The combination use of phenyliodine (III) diacetate (PIDA) and benzoic acid could significantly facilitate the corresponding [3 + 3] annulation process. This newly developed strategy featured unextraordinary chemoselectivity, good functional group tolerance and the preservation of the carbonyl group of the ketone substrates, which offers the possibility for further transformation of the products.
{"title":"Chemoselective synthesis of α-carboline derivatives via hypervalent iodine-catalyzed [3+3] annulation under metal-free conditions","authors":"Shuowen Wang , Rong Li , Shanping Chen , Guojiang Mao , Wen Shao , Guo-Jun Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2023.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2023.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A strategy for the synthesis of α-carboline derivatives from indole-3-carboxaldehydes and 3-aminocyclohex-2-enones under metal-free conditions has been developed. The combination use of phenyliodine (III) diacetate (PIDA) and benzoic acid could significantly facilitate the corresponding [3 + 3] annulation process. This newly developed strategy featured unextraordinary chemoselectivity, good functional group tolerance and the preservation of the carbonyl group of the ketone substrates, which offers the possibility for further transformation of the products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 112-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666554923000029/pdfft?md5=397dc1e000f17da3a4d3b5908410689d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666554923000029-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80560629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2023.04.004
Yuting Chen , Guanghui Lv , Zhiyang Li , Meiling Ye , Tianle Huang , Li Hai , Yong Wu
The [2,3]- and [1,2]-sigmatropic rearrangement reactions between pyridotriazoles and sulfides catalyzed by rhodium(II) were investigated. The utilization of pyridotriazoles as the carbene precursors in this kind of reaction efficiently constructed the C(sp3)-S and C(sp3)-Se bond with broad substrate scope and great functional group tolerance.
{"title":"Rh(II) catalyzed efficient sigmatropic rearrangement reaction of pyridotriazoles and sulfides","authors":"Yuting Chen , Guanghui Lv , Zhiyang Li , Meiling Ye , Tianle Huang , Li Hai , Yong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2023.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2023.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The [2,3]- and [1,2]-sigmatropic rearrangement reactions between pyridotriazoles and sulfides catalyzed by rhodium(II) were investigated. The utilization of pyridotriazoles as the carbene precursors in this kind of reaction efficiently constructed the C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-S and C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-Se bond with broad substrate scope and great functional group tolerance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 77-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666554923000339/pdfft?md5=d974594596fdf40dc9b7f441e906f029&pid=1-s2.0-S2666554923000339-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88627991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photochemical nitrene transfer reactions of iminoiodinanes with sulfoxides","authors":"Xuemei Zhao, Zhiyuan Tang, Linlin Shi, Yujing Guo, Rene M. Koenigs, Xinqi Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gresc.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"24 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141049659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}