Given the significance of oxacyclic frameworks in molecular scaffolds and drug discovery, it is intriguing to precisely construct and manipulate such ring systems in chemical research. In this area, the intermolecular, multicomponent cyclization for the synthesis of diversely substituted seven-membered ring oxacycles under simple conditions is still a challenge. Here, we report a dual photoredox/Brønsted acid relay catalytic strategy for in situ generation of ortho-quinone methides and subsequent (4 + 3) cyclization with 2-indolylalcohols. In this one-pot multicomponent reaction, two C–C and one C–O bonds are formed, providing de novo access to various biologically important indole-fused, oxygen-containing seven-membered heterocycles. By virtue of a chiral phosphoric acid, an asymmetric version can also be achieved with good to excellent levels of enantioselectivity (up to 96:4 er).
{"title":"Controlled generation of ortho-quinone methides and (4+3) cyclization with 2-indolylalcohols by dual photoredox/Brønsted acid relay catalysis","authors":"Dong Liang , Panpan Gao , Zhihan Zhang , Wenjing Xiao , Jiarong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the significance of oxacyclic frameworks in molecular scaffolds and drug discovery, it is intriguing to precisely construct and manipulate such ring systems in chemical research. In this area, the intermolecular, multicomponent cyclization for the synthesis of diversely substituted seven-membered ring oxacycles under simple conditions is still a challenge. Here, we report a dual photoredox/Brønsted acid relay catalytic strategy for <em>in situ</em> generation of <em>ortho</em>-quinone methides and subsequent (4 + 3) cyclization with 2-indolylalcohols. In this one-pot multicomponent reaction, two C–C and one C–O bonds are formed, providing de novo access to various biologically important indole-fused, oxygen-containing seven-membered heterocycles. By virtue of a chiral phosphoric acid, an asymmetric version can also be achieved with good to excellent levels of enantioselectivity (up to 96:4 <em>er</em>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 282-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139410353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-03-13DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2024.03.001
Shengjie Song , Wenjian Wang , Jun Sun , Can Luo , Chunlei Wu , Jianjun Li
A practical, metal-, and additive-free strategy for photo- and electro-induced perfluoroalkylation/cyclization of o-hydroxyaryl enaminones with sodium perfluoroalkanesulfinates under mild conditions has been developed. Various fluoroalkyl chromones were efficiently assembled in moderate to good yields. The scalability of this protocol and the assembling of diverse nitrogen-containing heterocycles from late-stage transformations of fluoroalkyl chromones greatly broaden the practical applications of this developed protocol.
{"title":"Photo- and electro-induced perfluoroalkylation/cyclization of o-hydroxyaryl enaminones: Synthesis of perfluoroalkyl chromones","authors":"Shengjie Song , Wenjian Wang , Jun Sun , Can Luo , Chunlei Wu , Jianjun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A practical, metal-, and additive-free strategy for photo- and electro-induced perfluoroalkylation/cyclization of <em>o</em>-hydroxyaryl enaminones with sodium perfluoroalkanesulfinates under mild conditions has been developed. Various fluoroalkyl chromones were efficiently assembled in moderate to good yields. The scalability of this protocol and the assembling of diverse nitrogen-containing heterocycles from late-stage transformations of fluoroalkyl chromones greatly broaden the practical applications of this developed protocol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 311-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2025.05.007
Lujie Shen , Pingping Liang , Yuxuan Liu , Xiaoliang Zhu , Fanyuanhang Yang , Min Zhang , Weiping Su
We herein described an efficient and practical protocol for radical cyclization of aryl alkynoates to access 3-fluoroalkyl-substituted coumarins using readily available, easy-to-handle and low-cost fluoroalkyl carboxylic anhydride as fluoroalkyl source. This method is featured by its generally applicable to several kinds of fluoroalkyl carboxylic anhydrides including difluoromethy1, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoropropyl and chlorodifluoromethyl, as well as a good functional group tolerance with respect to a wide variety of aryl alkynoates. This reaction was triggered by addition of fluoroalkyl radical to the triple bond of alkynoates, followed by a cascade 5-exo cyclization/oxidization/1,2-ester migration/rearomatization process.
{"title":"Visible-light-induced cascade radical cyclization of aryl alkynoates with fluoroalkyl carboxylic anhydrides to construct fluoroalkylated coumarins","authors":"Lujie Shen , Pingping Liang , Yuxuan Liu , Xiaoliang Zhu , Fanyuanhang Yang , Min Zhang , Weiping Su","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2025.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2025.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We herein described an efficient and practical protocol for radical cyclization of aryl alkynoates to access 3-fluoroalkyl-substituted coumarins using readily available, easy-to-handle and low-cost fluoroalkyl carboxylic anhydride as fluoroalkyl source. This method is featured by its generally applicable to several kinds of fluoroalkyl carboxylic anhydrides including difluoromethy1, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoropropyl and chlorodifluoromethyl, as well as a good functional group tolerance with respect to a wide variety of aryl alkynoates. This reaction was triggered by addition of fluoroalkyl radical to the triple bond of alkynoates, followed by a cascade 5-<em>exo</em> cyclization/oxidization/1,2-ester migration/rearomatization process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 333-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Ugi multicomponent reaction represents a highly efficient synthetic transformation, wherein all four reactants (isocyanides, amine, aldehyde or ketone and a nucleophile) are combined in one pot under mild conditions. This reaction exhibits remarkable synthetic prowess, allowing for the rapid assembly of diverse and potent building blocks in organic chemistry and natural product synthesis. This minireview focuses on Ugi multicomponent reactions and highlights their applicability to the total synthesis of natural products and analogs.
{"title":"Advances of Ugi reaction in natural product synthesis","authors":"Wen Zhang , Pei Tang , Mohamed Aamer Abubaker , Guo-Hua Hu , Fen-Er Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Ugi multicomponent reaction represents a highly efficient synthetic transformation, wherein all four reactants (isocyanides, amine, aldehyde or ketone and a nucleophile) are combined in one pot under mild conditions. This reaction exhibits remarkable synthetic prowess, allowing for the rapid assembly of diverse and potent building blocks in organic chemistry and natural product synthesis. This minireview focuses on Ugi multicomponent reactions and highlights their applicability to the total synthesis of natural products and analogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 255-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2024.04.001
Tingzhi Lin , Guorong Li , Qianqian Lu , Chen Zhang , Yan-En Wang , Fei Xing , Yundong Xu , Kun Yang , Dan Xiong , Xiufang Xu , Patrick J. Walsh , Jianyou Mao
A nickel/photoredox mediated asymmetric domino alkyl arylation of vinyl phosphonates to generate a diverse array of enantioenriched α-aryl phosphonates is disclosed. This asymmetric three-component difunctionalization couples aryl halides and alkyl bromides with vinyl phosphonates, exhibiting excellent chemo- and regioselectivity under mild reaction conditions. The method avoids the need for pre-formed organometallics and phosphorus halides. Mechanistic and DFT studies suggest that photoexcited [4CzIPN]∗ oxidizes diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate (HEH) to generate the [4CzIPN]•–, which then reduces the alkyl bromide to form alkyl radicals that undergo Giese addition to the vinyl phosphonate. At the same time, Ni0 oxidatively adds the aryl bromide followed by enantiodetermining oxidative radical trapping of the phosphonate-based radical by the tetrahedral NiII center followed by reductive elimination. Independent gradient model based on Hirshfeld partition (IGMH) analysis suggests that the orientation of the phosphonate group (PO … π interaction) is expected to play an essential role in controlling the enantioselectivity.
{"title":"Enantioselective domino alkyl arylation of vinyl phosphonates by combining photoredox and nickel catalysis","authors":"Tingzhi Lin , Guorong Li , Qianqian Lu , Chen Zhang , Yan-En Wang , Fei Xing , Yundong Xu , Kun Yang , Dan Xiong , Xiufang Xu , Patrick J. Walsh , Jianyou Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A nickel/photoredox mediated asymmetric domino alkyl arylation of vinyl phosphonates to generate a diverse array of enantioenriched <em>α</em>-aryl phosphonates is disclosed. This asymmetric three-component difunctionalization couples aryl halides and alkyl bromides with vinyl phosphonates, exhibiting excellent chemo- and regioselectivity under mild reaction conditions. The method avoids the need for pre-formed organometallics and phosphorus halides. Mechanistic and DFT studies suggest that photoexcited [4CzIPN]∗ oxidizes diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate (HEH) to generate the [4CzIPN]<sup>•–</sup>, which then reduces the alkyl bromide to form alkyl radicals that undergo Giese addition to the vinyl phosphonate. At the same time, Ni<sup>0</sup> oxidatively adds the aryl bromide followed by enantiodetermining oxidative radical trapping of the phosphonate-based radical by the tetrahedral Ni<sup>II</sup> center followed by reductive elimination. Independent gradient model based on Hirshfeld partition (IGMH) analysis suggests that the orientation of the phosphonate group (P<img>O <sup>…</sup> π interaction) is expected to play an essential role in controlling the enantioselectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 289-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140785045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2023-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2023.12.001
Heng Bai , Wei Gu , Di Zhao , Guangqing Xu , Wenjun Tang
Dydrogesterone as an agonist of the progesterone receptor is an important and selective synthetic progesterone used for the treatment of a variety of conditions associated with progesterone deficiency including menstrual cycle regulation, infertility, and prevention of miscarriage. Its manufacturing process employing photochemical reactions remains a significant challenge. Herein we report the first total synthesis of dydrogesterone via a key 10α-substitution-selective dearomative cyclizationfree of photochemical protocols starting from Hajos-Parrish ketone. A gram-scale synthesis is also accomplished from readily available 9-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione through a novel aromatization-dearomatization strategy of ring A in steroid chemistry. Key synthetic features include a facile chemical aromatization of 9-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione, efficient ligand-controlled asymmetric dearomative cyclization to install the 10α-Me group, and an effective hydroxyl-directed hydrogenation of sterically congested tetrasubstituted olefin to establish the 8β-H,9β-H stereochemistry.
{"title":"Synthesis of dydrogesterone by aromatization-dearomatization strategy","authors":"Heng Bai , Wei Gu , Di Zhao , Guangqing Xu , Wenjun Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dydrogesterone as an agonist of the progesterone receptor is an important and selective synthetic progesterone used for the treatment of a variety of conditions associated with progesterone deficiency including menstrual cycle regulation, infertility, and prevention of miscarriage. Its manufacturing process employing photochemical reactions remains a significant challenge. Herein we report the first total synthesis of dydrogesterone <em>via</em> a key 10α-substitution-selective dearomative cyclizationfree of photochemical protocols starting from Hajos-Parrish ketone. A gram-scale synthesis is also accomplished from readily available 9-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione through a novel aromatization-dearomatization strategy of ring A in steroid chemistry. Key synthetic features include a facile chemical aromatization of 9-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione, efficient ligand-controlled asymmetric dearomative cyclization to install the 10<em>α</em>-Me group, and an effective hydroxyl-directed hydrogenation of sterically congested tetrasubstituted olefin to establish the 8<em>β</em>-H,9<em>β</em>-H stereochemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 267-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138689940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-02-24DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2024.02.005
Siyuan Zhao , Hong Du , Qi Fang , Yuying Li , Lei Wu , Xiumei Liu , Feng Wang
1,5-Pentanediol as an important chemical intermediate is commonly used for the manufacture of polyesters and polyurethanes. A novel process was developed for the production of bio-based 1,5-pentanediol (1,5-PDO) from 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (DHP) and acetic acid (AA) in this work. The esterification of DHP and AA achieved a 59.8 % DHP conversion and 91.2 % tetrahydropyran-2-yl acetate selectivity (THPOAc) at 373 K for 1 h and DHP/AA molar ratio of 1 without catalyst. Then the 1,5-PDO with selectivity of 54.5 % was obtained from THPOAc via hydrogenation over Cu/Zn8/Al catalyst under the conditions of 453 K and 50 bar. The higher dispersion of Cu nanoparticles, the larger surface area of metallic Cu, the higher amount of Cu+ active sites and the lower acidity of Cu/Zn8/Al catalyst were beneficial for the hydrogenation of THPOAc to 1,5-PDO.
1,5-戊二醇是一种重要的化学中间体，通常用于生产聚酯和聚氨酯。在这项工作中，开发了一种新工艺，利用 3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃（DHP）和乙酸（AA）生产生物基 1,5-戊二醇（1,5-PDO）。在不使用催化剂的情况下，DHP 和 AA 在 373 K 下酯化 1 小时，DHP 转化率达到 59.8%，四氢吡喃-2-基乙酸酯选择性（THPOAc）达到 91.2%。然后，在 453 K 和 50 bar 的条件下，在 Cu/Zn/Al 催化剂上进行加氢反应，从 THPOAc 中获得了选择性为 54.5% 的 1,5-PDO。Cu 纳米颗粒的较高分散度、较大的金属 Cu 表面积、较多的 Cu 活性位点以及 Cu/Zn/Al 催化剂的较低酸度都有利于 THPOAc 加氢生成 1,5-PDO。
{"title":"1,5-Pentanediol production from 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran and acetic acid via successive reactions of esterification and hydrogenation","authors":"Siyuan Zhao , Hong Du , Qi Fang , Yuying Li , Lei Wu , Xiumei Liu , Feng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>1,5-Pentanediol as an important chemical intermediate is commonly used for the manufacture of polyesters and polyurethanes. A novel process was developed for the production of bio-based 1,5-pentanediol (1,5-PDO) from 3,4-dihydro-2<em>H</em>-pyran (DHP) and acetic acid (AA) in this work. The esterification of DHP and AA achieved a 59.8 % DHP conversion and 91.2 % tetrahydropyran-2-yl acetate selectivity (THPOAc) at 373 K for 1 h and DHP/AA molar ratio of 1 without catalyst. Then the 1,5-PDO with selectivity of 54.5 % was obtained from THPOAc <em>via</em> hydrogenation over Cu/Zn<sub>8</sub>/Al catalyst under the conditions of 453 K and 50 bar. The higher dispersion of Cu nanoparticles, the larger surface area of metallic Cu, the higher amount of Cu<sup>+</sup> active sites and the lower acidity of Cu/Zn<sub>8</sub>/Al catalyst were beneficial for the hydrogenation of THPOAc to 1,5-PDO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 316-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139980030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2024.08.001
Filippo Campana , Giulia Brufani , Francesco Mauriello , Rafael Luque , Luigi Vaccaro
Polyurethanes (PUs) are among the most studied, manufactured, and employed polymers due to their versatility and wide range of applications. However, their synthesis generally relies on toxic, non-renewable, and harmful petroleum-based chemicals. In recent decades, driven by urgent environmental needs, research activities for the development of alternative synthetic routes for their production have significantly increased, especially to find more sustainable raw materials and procedures that, for example, no longer require dangerous solvents. Given these premises, the main purpose of this review is to highlight the most recent advances in the production of bio-derived polyurethanes. After briefly discussing the chemistry of polyurethanes, we focused on the generation of bio-polyols and bio-isocyanates from plant oils and lignocellulosic biomass (e.g. lignin and sugars), as well as on the most recent trends in non-isocyanates polyurethanes (NIPUs) production. Discussions on their fields of application will be key to giving readers an overview of the actual capabilities of these materials. This review aims to cover and discuss the most recent contributions appearing in the literature up to the beginning of 2023.
{"title":"Green polyurethanes from bio-based building blocks: Recent advances and applications","authors":"Filippo Campana , Giulia Brufani , Francesco Mauriello , Rafael Luque , Luigi Vaccaro","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyurethanes (PUs) are among the most studied, manufactured, and employed polymers due to their versatility and wide range of applications. However, their synthesis generally relies on toxic, non-renewable, and harmful petroleum-based chemicals. In recent decades, driven by urgent environmental needs, research activities for the development of alternative synthetic routes for their production have significantly increased, especially to find more sustainable raw materials and procedures that, for example, no longer require dangerous solvents. Given these premises, the main purpose of this review is to highlight the most recent advances in the production of bio-derived polyurethanes. After briefly discussing the chemistry of polyurethanes, we focused on the generation of bio-polyols and bio-isocyanates from plant oils and lignocellulosic biomass (<em>e.g.</em> lignin and sugars), as well as on the most recent trends in non-isocyanates polyurethanes (NIPUs) production. Discussions on their fields of application will be key to giving readers an overview of the actual capabilities of these materials. This review aims to cover and discuss the most recent contributions appearing in the literature up to the beginning of 2023.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 217-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-05-04DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2024.04.004
Matteo Formenti , Mario Pagliaro , Cristina Della Pina , Rosaria Ciriminna
Water-soluble graphene oxide was encapsulated within the lattice of Pd nanoparticles using Zn as reducing agent affording a completely new class of functional materials dubbed herein “GrafeoPlad” for designating platinum-group metals doped with 3D entrapped graphene oxide. The first application of this new metal-organic alloy reported herein is in catalysis to convert nitrobenzene to analine with hydrazine as reducing agent at room temperature. GrafeoPlad-Pd is significantly more stable than Pd black showing that the entrapment of GO molecules in the nanoparticle lattice largely improves both its catalytic activity and stability against catalytic deactivation. This new class of hybrid materials may open practically relevant new avenues in many areas of today's material science and technology.
{"title":"Graphene oxide in palladium nanoparticle (GrafeoPlad): A new class of functional materials","authors":"Matteo Formenti , Mario Pagliaro , Cristina Della Pina , Rosaria Ciriminna","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water-soluble graphene oxide was encapsulated within the lattice of Pd nanoparticles using Zn as reducing agent affording a completely new class of functional materials dubbed herein “GrafeoPlad” for designating platinum-group metals doped with 3D entrapped graphene oxide. The first application of this new metal-organic alloy reported herein is in catalysis to convert nitrobenzene to analine with hydrazine as reducing agent at room temperature. GrafeoPlad-Pd is significantly more stable than Pd black showing that the entrapment of GO molecules in the nanoparticle lattice largely improves both its catalytic activity and stability against catalytic deactivation. This new class of hybrid materials may open practically relevant new avenues in many areas of today's material science and technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 297-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141025324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2024.04.007
Yike Bai , Wenhua Yu , Rong Chen, Guipeng Yu, Baosheng Wei
The preparation of functionalized ketones occupies an important position in synthetic organic chemistry because ketones are ubiquitous structural motifs in a broad range of compounds with various applications. The conversion of aldehydes to ketones is one of the most convenient and straightforward routes, which has been extensively studied in the field of transition metal catalysis. In comparison, the transition-metal-free conversion of aldehydes to ketones remains underdeveloped. In the last decade, the emergence of new advances has upgraded the toolbox for ketone synthesis from aldehydes in the absence of transition metals. In this review, we have mainly summarized three types of transition-metal-free reactions enabling the conversion of aldehydes to ketones, with an emphasis on those involving main group element catalysis.
{"title":"Recent advances in transition-metal-free conversion of aldehydes to ketones","authors":"Yike Bai , Wenhua Yu , Rong Chen, Guipeng Yu, Baosheng Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The preparation of functionalized ketones occupies an important position in synthetic organic chemistry because ketones are ubiquitous structural motifs in a broad range of compounds with various applications. The conversion of aldehydes to ketones is one of the most convenient and straightforward routes, which has been extensively studied in the field of transition metal catalysis. In comparison, the transition-metal-free conversion of aldehydes to ketones remains underdeveloped. In the last decade, the emergence of new advances has upgraded the toolbox for ketone synthesis from aldehydes in the absence of transition metals. In this review, we have mainly summarized three types of transition-metal-free reactions enabling the conversion of aldehydes to ketones, with an emphasis on those involving main group element catalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 239-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141054150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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