K. Welkenhuysen, A. Brüstle, M. Bottig, A. Ramírez, R. Swennen, K. Piessens
1. IntroductionThe global average concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has risen from 280 ppmv in pre-industrial times to almost 400 ppmv early 2014 (Keeling et al., 2014). Anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gasses (GHG) such as CO2 from burning fossil fuels are a main contributor to this rise, causing global climate change (IPCC, 2014). CO2 capture and geological storage (CCS) is a potential means to significantly reduce emissions from large stationary industrial facilities (IPCC, 2005). CO2 is captured, purified, pressurized and transported to a suitable injection location. This location is determined by the presence of a suitable geological reservoir for safe and permanent storage. Possible reservoirs include depleted hydrocarbon fields, deep saline aquifers, man-made cavities and active hydrocarbon fields where CO2 is injected to enhance hydrocarbon production.Several studies have indicated that storage capacity is available in Europe, although it is not evenly distributed (Christensen & Holloway, 2004; Vangkilde-Pedersen et al., 2009). Long-distance and cross-border transport may therefore become inevitable (Neele et al., 2013). For countries with limited capacity, there are however a number of reasons to consider the development of domestic reservoirs instead of relying solely on export for CO2 storage. Apart from the possible strategic advantage, these reasons mainly come down to a potential lower transport and storage cost. Scharf & Clemens (2006) provided a first
1. 全球大气中二氧化碳的平均浓度已经从工业化前的280 ppmv上升到2014年初的近400 ppmv (Keeling et al.， 2014)。人为排放的温室气体(GHG)，如燃烧化石燃料产生的二氧化碳，是造成这种上升的主要原因，导致全球气候变化(IPCC, 2014)。二氧化碳捕获和地质封存(CCS)是一种潜在的手段，可以显著减少大型固定工业设施的排放(IPCC, 2005)。二氧化碳被捕获、纯化、加压并输送到合适的注射位置。这个位置是由一个适合安全和永久储存的地质水库决定的。可能的储集层包括枯竭的油气田、深盐层、人工空腔和注入二氧化碳以提高油气产量的活跃油气田。几项研究表明，欧洲的存储容量是可用的，尽管分布并不均匀(Christensen & Holloway, 2004;Vangkilde-Pedersen et al.， 2009)。因此，长途和跨境运输可能变得不可避免(Neele等人，2013)。然而，对于能力有限的国家，有许多理由考虑开发国内储存库，而不是完全依靠出口来储存二氧化碳。除了可能的战略优势外，这些原因主要归结为潜在的较低运输和储存成本。沙夫和克莱门斯(2006)提供了第一个
{"title":"A techno-economic approach for capacity assessment and ranking of potential options for geological storage of CO2 in Austria","authors":"K. Welkenhuysen, A. Brüstle, M. Bottig, A. Ramírez, R. Swennen, K. Piessens","doi":"10.20341/GB.2016.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2016.012","url":null,"abstract":"1. IntroductionThe global average concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has risen from 280 ppmv in pre-industrial times to almost 400 ppmv early 2014 (Keeling et al., 2014). Anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gasses (GHG) such as CO2 from burning fossil fuels are a main contributor to this rise, causing global climate change (IPCC, 2014). CO2 capture and geological storage (CCS) is a potential means to significantly reduce emissions from large stationary industrial facilities (IPCC, 2005). CO2 is captured, purified, pressurized and transported to a suitable injection location. This location is determined by the presence of a suitable geological reservoir for safe and permanent storage. Possible reservoirs include depleted hydrocarbon fields, deep saline aquifers, man-made cavities and active hydrocarbon fields where CO2 is injected to enhance hydrocarbon production.Several studies have indicated that storage capacity is available in Europe, although it is not evenly distributed (Christensen & Holloway, 2004; Vangkilde-Pedersen et al., 2009). Long-distance and cross-border transport may therefore become inevitable (Neele et al., 2013). For countries with limited capacity, there are however a number of reasons to consider the development of domestic reservoirs instead of relying solely on export for CO2 storage. Apart from the possible strategic advantage, these reasons mainly come down to a potential lower transport and storage cost. Scharf & Clemens (2006) provided a first","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77997031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1. IntroductionThe recognition that the present landscape is a product of the long-term interaction of tectonics and climate is one of the fundamental concepts in historical geoscience. Determining the response of the environment to these changes has been further emphasised by attempts to understand the relationship between rates of tectonic activity and sedimentation or erosion and the interplay of these factors with climate change (e.g. Cloetingh et al., 2005). Moreover, the dynamic linkage of erosion and tectonics results in major impacts on changes of the Earth’s climate through the evolution of major continental topography and vice versa.The form of the Earth’s topography actually results from the net interaction of processes operating at a wide range of time scales. These include long- and short-term tectonic uplift, subsidence, phases of glaciation, and climatic and environmental changes. In northern Europe, these processes, operating simultaneously through the Cenozoic, have left a record of changing conditions that have determined the form of the present landscape. The emphasis recently has been on relatively short-term interactions involving quasi-simultaneous uplift followed shortly by incision, paced alongside Late Pleistocene marine isotope stages, and interacting with climatic fluctuations. Here we take a longer view, that of Cenozoic uplift centres changing in intensity and location, and thus sediment feeds and alluvial styles, feeding into a depositional basin
{"title":"Filling the North Sea Basin: Cenozoic sediment sources and river styles (André Dumont medallist lecture 2014)","authors":"P. Gibbard, J. Lewin","doi":"10.20341/GB.2015.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2015.017","url":null,"abstract":"1. IntroductionThe recognition that the present landscape is a product of the long-term interaction of tectonics and climate is one of the fundamental concepts in historical geoscience. Determining the response of the environment to these changes has been further emphasised by attempts to understand the relationship between rates of tectonic activity and sedimentation or erosion and the interplay of these factors with climate change (e.g. Cloetingh et al., 2005). Moreover, the dynamic linkage of erosion and tectonics results in major impacts on changes of the Earth’s climate through the evolution of major continental topography and vice versa.The form of the Earth’s topography actually results from the net interaction of processes operating at a wide range of time scales. These include long- and short-term tectonic uplift, subsidence, phases of glaciation, and climatic and environmental changes. In northern Europe, these processes, operating simultaneously through the Cenozoic, have left a record of changing conditions that have determined the form of the present landscape. The emphasis recently has been on relatively short-term interactions involving quasi-simultaneous uplift followed shortly by incision, paced alongside Late Pleistocene marine isotope stages, and interacting with climatic fluctuations. Here we take a longer view, that of Cenozoic uplift centres changing in intensity and location, and thus sediment feeds and alluvial styles, feeding into a depositional basin","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84659211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wim Vandewijngaerde, K. Piessens, M. Dusar, P. Bertier, B. Krooss, R. Littke, R. Swennen
1. IntroductionEuropean conventional natural gas reserves are depleting, which results in declining production curves. Consequently EU will become more dependent on the import of oil and gas than it is today (Soderbergh et al., 2009, 2010). On the other hand shale gas has become an important source of natural gas in the United States, feeding the economy, creating domestic jobs and improving the US energy balance. It is expected that the United States will be a net exporter of natural gas by 2030 (Paltsev et al., 2011: Manning, 2014). As a consequence, other countries in the world become interested in the domestic potential of unconventional oil and gas resources. Estimates for Europe’s technically recoverable shale gas volumes range between 3 and 18 trillion m3 (Tcm) (Weijermars, 2013) as compared to estimated world resources of 425 Tcm. The range reflects the inherent uncertainties of the estimates. Exploration is in progress in different EU Member States (e.g. United Kingdom, Poland, Hungary, Romania), or is taken into consideration (e.g. The Netherlands, Austria, Lithuania). These campaigns focused on marine black shales (Gasparik et al., 2012; Sachsenhofer & Koltun, 2012; Uffman et al., 2012; Andrews, 2013), following their success in the United States. The corresponding exploration target in Belgium is constrained to the Namurian aged Chokier Formation (Dusar, 2006; Nyhuis et al., 2014) (Fig. 1). The shale gas potential of the Namurian in the Campine Basin is poorly kno
1. 欧洲常规天然气储量日益枯竭，导致产量曲线呈下降趋势。因此，欧盟将比现在更加依赖石油和天然气的进口(Soderbergh et al.， 2009, 2010)。另一方面，页岩气已成为美国重要的天然气来源，为经济提供了支撑，创造了国内就业机会，改善了美国的能源平衡。预计到2030年，美国将成为天然气净出口国(Paltsev et al.， 2011; Manning, 2014)。因此，世界上其他国家也对国内非常规油气资源的潜力产生了兴趣。据估计，欧洲技术上可开采的页岩气储量在3 - 18万亿立方米之间(Weijermars, 2013)，而世界上估计的页岩气资源量为425万亿立方米。范围反映了估计的内在不确定性。勘探正在不同的欧盟成员国进行(如英国、波兰、匈牙利、罗马尼亚)，或者正在考虑(如荷兰、奥地利、立陶宛)。这些活动的重点是海洋黑色页岩(Gasparik et al.， 2012;Sachsenhofer & Koltun, 2012;Uffman et al.， 2012;安德鲁斯，2013)，继他们在美国的成功。比利时相应的勘探目标仅限于Namurian年龄Chokier组(Dusar, 2006;Nyhuis et al.， 2014)(图1)。人们对Campine盆地Namurian的页岩气潜力知之甚少
{"title":"Investigations on the shale oil and gas potential of Westphalian mudstone successions in the Campine Basin, NE Belgium (well KB174): Palaeoenvironmental and palaeogeographical controls","authors":"Wim Vandewijngaerde, K. Piessens, M. Dusar, P. Bertier, B. Krooss, R. Littke, R. Swennen","doi":"10.20341/GB.2016.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2016.009","url":null,"abstract":"1. IntroductionEuropean conventional natural gas reserves are depleting, which results in declining production curves. Consequently EU will become more dependent on the import of oil and gas than it is today (Soderbergh et al., 2009, 2010). On the other hand shale gas has become an important source of natural gas in the United States, feeding the economy, creating domestic jobs and improving the US energy balance. It is expected that the United States will be a net exporter of natural gas by 2030 (Paltsev et al., 2011: Manning, 2014). As a consequence, other countries in the world become interested in the domestic potential of unconventional oil and gas resources. Estimates for Europe’s technically recoverable shale gas volumes range between 3 and 18 trillion m3 (Tcm) (Weijermars, 2013) as compared to estimated world resources of 425 Tcm. The range reflects the inherent uncertainties of the estimates. Exploration is in progress in different EU Member States (e.g. United Kingdom, Poland, Hungary, Romania), or is taken into consideration (e.g. The Netherlands, Austria, Lithuania). These campaigns focused on marine black shales (Gasparik et al., 2012; Sachsenhofer & Koltun, 2012; Uffman et al., 2012; Andrews, 2013), following their success in the United States. The corresponding exploration target in Belgium is constrained to the Namurian aged Chokier Formation (Dusar, 2006; Nyhuis et al., 2014) (Fig. 1). The shale gas potential of the Namurian in the Campine Basin is poorly kno","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74644333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1. IntroductionQuantifying biodiversity has become a major concern, not only for modern ecology and nature conservation, but also in the fossil record, where the aim is understanding the effects of global changes on the diversity of past life. During the last decade the palaeontological literature dealing with changes in biodiversity over large time scales (periods, stages) has increased significantly. Unfortunately, most papers failed the difficult task of pinpointing the origin of biodiversity: why so many taxa occur(ed) in a particular area at a particular time, why is the diversity not globally distributed, and why do many taxa occur only in localised areas? Biodiversity hotspots are sites or areas with an unusually high numbers of co-occurring species (Myers, 1988). Present-day biodiversity hotspots are defined as biogeographic areas where the density of co-occurring species is extraordinarily high (Marchese, 2015) and/or as areas with a high density of endemic species, most of which are currently suffering habitat loss (Myers et al., 2000). Although this definition is easily applicable to present biodiversity, it is difficult to recognise ancient biodiversity hotspots and few examples have been recorded (e.g. origin and shift of modern marine tropical hotspots of the Indo-Australian Archipelago: Renema et al., 2008; mollusc palaeo-hotspot in the Lutetian of the Paris Basin: Merle, 2008; endemic crinozoan hotspots in the Pennsylvanian of North America: Waters & Webster,
1. 生物多样性的量化已成为一个主要问题，不仅是现代生态学和自然保护，而且在化石记录中，其目的是了解全球变化对过去生命多样性的影响。在过去十年中，处理大时间尺度(时期、阶段)生物多样性变化的古生物学文献显著增加。不幸的是，大多数论文都未能准确指出生物多样性的起源:为什么这么多分类群在特定的时间出现在特定的地区，为什么多样性不是全球分布的，为什么许多分类群只出现在局部地区?生物多样性热点是同时发生的物种数量异常高的地点或地区(Myers, 1988)。当前的生物多样性热点被定义为共存物种密度极高的生物地理区域(Marchese, 2015)和/或特有物种密度较高的区域，其中大多数物种目前正在遭受栖息地丧失(Myers et al.， 2000)。虽然这一定义很容易适用于当前的生物多样性，但很难识别古代的生物多样性热点，并且很少有记录的例子(例如，印澳群岛现代海洋热带热点的起源和转移:Renema et al.， 2008;巴黎盆地Lutetian的软体动物古热点:Merle, 2008;北美宾夕法尼亚州特有的criinozoan热点:沃特斯和韦伯斯特，
{"title":"Royseux: a palaeobiodiversity hotspot in the Late Viséan (Carboniferous) of Belgium","authors":"J. Denayer, M. Aretz, É. Poty, Bernard Mottequin","doi":"10.20341/GB.2016.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2016.003","url":null,"abstract":"1. IntroductionQuantifying biodiversity has become a major concern, not only for modern ecology and nature conservation, but also in the fossil record, where the aim is understanding the effects of global changes on the diversity of past life. During the last decade the palaeontological literature dealing with changes in biodiversity over large time scales (periods, stages) has increased significantly. Unfortunately, most papers failed the difficult task of pinpointing the origin of biodiversity: why so many taxa occur(ed) in a particular area at a particular time, why is the diversity not globally distributed, and why do many taxa occur only in localised areas? Biodiversity hotspots are sites or areas with an unusually high numbers of co-occurring species (Myers, 1988). Present-day biodiversity hotspots are defined as biogeographic areas where the density of co-occurring species is extraordinarily high (Marchese, 2015) and/or as areas with a high density of endemic species, most of which are currently suffering habitat loss (Myers et al., 2000). Although this definition is easily applicable to present biodiversity, it is difficult to recognise ancient biodiversity hotspots and few examples have been recorded (e.g. origin and shift of modern marine tropical hotspots of the Indo-Australian Archipelago: Renema et al., 2008; mollusc palaeo-hotspot in the Lutetian of the Paris Basin: Merle, 2008; endemic crinozoan hotspots in the Pennsylvanian of North America: Waters & Webster,","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91300093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1. IntroductionThe systematics and ontogeny of the Otarioninae were subjected to the comprehensive studies of Adrain & Chatterton (1994, 1995, 1996) who underlined the importance of heterochrony to the evolution of the nominal Otarionini. The tribe’s chief genera in sheer species numbers are the Siluro-Devonian Cyphaspis Burmeister, 1843 and Otarion Zenker, 1833 which were regarded as sister taxa by Adrain & Chatterton (1994). These workers provided a differential diagnosis chiefly intended to discriminate the basal Silurian members of these genera for it was stated, named differences may not reflect possible convergences during the Devonian. Indeed when considering Devonian members of Cyphaspis –focal point of the present study– the state of knowledge in the early 1990s was far from satisfactory. The majority of species known at that time came from continental Europe and Morocco, many of which had been established on poorly preserved or otherwise inadequately documented material. Subsequent records including some well-preserved complete specimens were provenant from the Ardenno-Rhenish Mountains (e.g. Basse, 1997, 2002, 2006; Basse & Lemke, 1996; van Viersen, 2006; van Viersen & Prescher, 2007), Morocco (Chatterton et al., 2006; van Viersen & Prescher, 2014), Algeria (Khaldi et al., 2016), North America (Adrain & Kloc, 1997) and Australia (Ebach, 2002), among others. The morphological variety is compelling and along with the descriptions of new species arose the challenges o
{"title":"Morphological trends and new species of Cyphaspis (Trilobita, Otarioninae) in the Devonian of Morocco, Turkey, Germany and Belgium","authors":"A. Viersen, D. Holland","doi":"10.20341/GB.2016.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2016.008","url":null,"abstract":"1. IntroductionThe systematics and ontogeny of the Otarioninae were subjected to the comprehensive studies of Adrain & Chatterton (1994, 1995, 1996) who underlined the importance of heterochrony to the evolution of the nominal Otarionini. The tribe’s chief genera in sheer species numbers are the Siluro-Devonian Cyphaspis Burmeister, 1843 and Otarion Zenker, 1833 which were regarded as sister taxa by Adrain & Chatterton (1994). These workers provided a differential diagnosis chiefly intended to discriminate the basal Silurian members of these genera for it was stated, named differences may not reflect possible convergences during the Devonian. Indeed when considering Devonian members of Cyphaspis –focal point of the present study– the state of knowledge in the early 1990s was far from satisfactory. The majority of species known at that time came from continental Europe and Morocco, many of which had been established on poorly preserved or otherwise inadequately documented material. Subsequent records including some well-preserved complete specimens were provenant from the Ardenno-Rhenish Mountains (e.g. Basse, 1997, 2002, 2006; Basse & Lemke, 1996; van Viersen, 2006; van Viersen & Prescher, 2007), Morocco (Chatterton et al., 2006; van Viersen & Prescher, 2014), Algeria (Khaldi et al., 2016), North America (Adrain & Kloc, 1997) and Australia (Ebach, 2002), among others. The morphological variety is compelling and along with the descriptions of new species arose the challenges o","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87661017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Baets, Stijn Goolaerts, U. Jansen, Tim B Rietbergen, C. Klug
The first ammonoids from the Lower Emsian (Devonian) of Belgium are described. They belong to the Anetoceratinae, which show the most plesiomorphic characters of all ammonoids. This is the second report of Early Emsian ammonoids within the Rhenish facies of the Rhenish Slate Mountains (Belgium, Germany), in this case from the Belgian part of the Eifel (Burg Reuland). It highlights the possible importance of ammonoids for the correlation of the Emsian in its traditional German sense and the Emsian in the global sense as delimited by the GSSPs. Newly collected, age-significant brachiopods of the genera Arduspirifer and Euryspirifer and other previously reported fossils indicate a middle or late Early Emsian (Singhofen or Vallendar) age (in German sense) for this locality. We extend the range of Ivoites schindewolfi outside of the Hunsruck Basin and further corroborate an age younger than Ulmen for parts of the Hunsruck Slate.
{"title":"The first record of Early Devonian ammonoids from Belgium and their stratigraphic significance","authors":"K. Baets, Stijn Goolaerts, U. Jansen, Tim B Rietbergen, C. Klug","doi":"10.5167/UZH-79957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5167/UZH-79957","url":null,"abstract":"The first ammonoids from the Lower Emsian (Devonian) of Belgium are described. They belong to the Anetoceratinae, which show the most plesiomorphic characters of all ammonoids. This is the second report of Early Emsian ammonoids within the Rhenish facies of the Rhenish Slate Mountains (Belgium, Germany), in this case from the Belgian part of the Eifel (Burg Reuland). It highlights the possible importance of ammonoids for the correlation of the Emsian in its traditional German sense and the Emsian in the global sense as delimited by the GSSPs. Newly collected, age-significant brachiopods of the genera Arduspirifer and Euryspirifer and other previously reported fossils indicate a middle or late Early Emsian (Singhofen or Vallendar) age (in German sense) for this locality. We extend the range of Ivoites schindewolfi outside of the Hunsruck Basin and further corroborate an age younger than Ulmen for parts of the Hunsruck Slate.","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2013-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79193139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RESUME. Utilisation de l'analyse d'images pour estimer quantitativement certains parametres microstructuraux des sediments detritiques. Une methode d'analyse d'image, simple et facile a mettre en oeuvre, est presentee et appliquee a des sediments detritiques riches en argiles pour en obtenir des parametres quantifies. Des photographies de lames minces prises au microscope petrographique et au microscope electronique en mode retrodiffuse sont traitees afin de produire des images noir et blanc, dans lesquelles les pixels noirs sont les objets au sein de la matrice argileuse. La mesure de ces objets permet le calculde quelques indices simples. Ces indices sont definis afin de fournir une estimation quantifiee de la granulometrie, de l'aspect, de l'arrangement et de l'orientation des objets qui composent les structures sedimentaires. La methode remplace avantageusement les longs et laborieux comptages et mesures effectues dans le cadre d'etudes microsedimentologiques classiques. La technique peut-etre facilement modifiee selon les besoins de l'utilisateur.
{"title":"Using image analysis to estimate quantitatively some microstructural parameters of detrital sediments","authors":"P. Francus","doi":"10.20341/gb.2014.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/gb.2014.016","url":null,"abstract":"RESUME. Utilisation de l'analyse d'images pour estimer quantitativement certains parametres microstructuraux des sediments detritiques. Une methode d'analyse d'image, simple et facile a mettre en oeuvre, est presentee et appliquee a des sediments detritiques riches en argiles pour en obtenir des parametres quantifies. Des photographies de lames minces prises au microscope petrographique et au microscope electronique en mode retrodiffuse sont traitees afin de produire des images noir et blanc, dans lesquelles les pixels noirs sont les objets au sein de la matrice argileuse. La mesure de ces objets permet le calculde quelques indices simples. Ces indices sont definis afin de fournir une estimation quantifiee de la granulometrie, de l'aspect, de l'arrangement et de l'orientation des objets qui composent les structures sedimentaires. La methode remplace avantageusement les longs et laborieux comptages et mesures effectues dans le cadre d'etudes microsedimentologiques classiques. La technique peut-etre facilement modifiee selon les besoins de l'utilisateur.","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2007-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74668675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Holocene depositional history of the IJzer palaeovalley (Western Belgian coastal plain) with reference to the factors controlling the formation of intercalated peat beds","authors":"C. Baeteman","doi":"10.20341/GB.2014.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2014.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2007-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85130291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RESUME. Les caracteristiques essentielles de retombees volcaniques quaternaires trouvees dans diverses formations de Belgique sont rassemblees. Une liste exhaustive des articles traitant de tephrostratigraphie du Quaternaire en Belgique est presentee en annexe.
{"title":"Téphrostratigraphie du Quaternaire en Belgique","authors":"É. Juvigné","doi":"10.20341/GB.2014.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2014.011","url":null,"abstract":"RESUME. Les caracteristiques essentielles de retombees volcaniques quaternaires trouvees dans diverses formations de Belgique sont rassemblees. Une liste exhaustive des articles traitant de tephrostratigraphie du Quaternaire en Belgique est presentee en annexe.","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2007-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84511197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Post-pleniglacial floodplain sediments in Central Belgium","authors":"W. Huybrechts","doi":"10.20341/gb.2014.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/gb.2014.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2007-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80598776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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