1. Introduction and historical background As properly summarized by Bultynck (2006), the ‘systeme calcaire de Couvin’ was introduced by Gosselet (1860) and included in a broad sense, the lower Middle Devonian limestone and related shale in southern Belgium. The term ‘Couvinien’ was introduced by Dupont (1885) to designate the fossiliferous strata below the Givetian limestone. The Couvinian limestone and shale unit was mapped under the sign ‘Cobm’ and ‘Cobn’ respectively on the geological map of Belgium at 1/40 000 (Maillieux, 1912). Maillieux & Demanet (1929) also introduced a litho-biostratigraphic scale for the Couvinian in which the ‘Calcaire de Couvin’ was designated by the sign ‘Co2a-b’ and the overlying shale units by the sign’Co2c’ and ‘Co2d’. The term Couvin Formation (Fm) was introduced by Bultynck et al. (1991) to replace the formerly used ‘Calcaire de Couvin’. The limited extension of the ‘Calcaire de Couvin’ and its thinning and disappearance eastwards are known since Dewalque (1861) and Gosselet (1860, 1888). However, most subsequent works have eluded this question and focused either on the Couvin area where the stratotype is exposed (Tsien, 1969; Bultynck, 1970), or on the Jemelle area where the limestone unit is entirely replaced by the fine-grained siliciclastics of the Jemelle Fm (Godefroid, 1968). Between these areas, the Eifelian succession is affected by strong and rapid lateral variations making the correlation scheme difficult to establish. The recent re
1. 正如Bultynck(2006)所总结的那样，“calcaire de Couvin系统”是由Gosselet(1860)引入的，从广义上讲，它包括比利时南部中泥盆世下部的石灰岩和相关的页岩。“Couvinien”一词是由杜邦(1885年)引入的，用来指在Givetian石灰岩下面的化石地层。在比利时1/ 40000地质图(Maillieux, 1912)上，古芬纪石灰岩和页岩单元分别以“Cobm”和“Cobn”标记。Maillieux & Demanet(1929)还引入了柯芬纪的岩石-生物地层尺度，其中“Calcaire de Couvin”用符号“Co2a-b”表示，其上的页岩单元用符号“co2c”和“Co2d”表示。术语Couvin Formation (Fm)是由Bultynck et al.(1991)引入的，以取代以前使用的Calcaire de Couvin。自Dewalque(1861)和Gosselet(1860, 1888)以来，人们就知道了“Calcaire de Couvin”的有限延伸及其向东变薄和消失。然而，大多数后续研究都回避了这个问题，并将重点放在层型暴露的Couvin地区(Tsien, 1969;Bultynck, 1970)，或者在Jemelle地区，石灰岩单元完全被Jemelle Fm的细粒硅塑料所取代(Godefroid, 1968)。在这些地区之间，埃菲勒演替受到强烈而快速的横向变化的影响，使得相关方案难以建立。最近的一次
{"title":"Revised stratigraphy of the Eifelian (Middle Devonian) of southern Belgium: sequence stratigraphy, global events, reef development and basin structuration","authors":"J. Denayer","doi":"10.20341/gb.2019.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/gb.2019.009","url":null,"abstract":"1. Introduction and historical background As properly summarized by Bultynck (2006), the ‘systeme calcaire de Couvin’ was introduced by Gosselet (1860) and included in a broad sense, the lower Middle Devonian limestone and related shale in southern Belgium. The term ‘Couvinien’ was introduced by Dupont (1885) to designate the fossiliferous strata below the Givetian limestone. The Couvinian limestone and shale unit was mapped under the sign ‘Cobm’ and ‘Cobn’ respectively on the geological map of Belgium at 1/40 000 (Maillieux, 1912). Maillieux & Demanet (1929) also introduced a litho-biostratigraphic scale for the Couvinian in which the ‘Calcaire de Couvin’ was designated by the sign ‘Co2a-b’ and the overlying shale units by the sign’Co2c’ and ‘Co2d’. The term Couvin Formation (Fm) was introduced by Bultynck et al. (1991) to replace the formerly used ‘Calcaire de Couvin’. The limited extension of the ‘Calcaire de Couvin’ and its thinning and disappearance eastwards are known since Dewalque (1861) and Gosselet (1860, 1888). However, most subsequent works have eluded this question and focused either on the Couvin area where the stratotype is exposed (Tsien, 1969; Bultynck, 1970), or on the Jemelle area where the limestone unit is entirely replaced by the fine-grained siliciclastics of the Jemelle Fm (Godefroid, 1968). Between these areas, the Eifelian succession is affected by strong and rapid lateral variations making the correlation scheme difficult to establish. The recent re","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":"97 1","pages":"149-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83596782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. A. Mango-Itulamya, F. Collin, P. Pilate, Fabienne Courtejoie, N. Fagel
1. Introduction Faced with the current environmental challenges about climate change and depletion of earth’s resources (UNEP/UNECE, 2016), the building sector needs to renovate its design practices and methods by taking into account economic, sanitary and comfort criteria. The development of materials that address these criteria and promotion of their use is put forward. Raw earth is one of these materials (Niroumand et al., 2017). Raw earth designates the earth used in construction unfired but simply dried. Earth construction techniques are very varied: adobe (the molded and sun dried brick), cob (construction made by stacking earth balls handmade), wattle and daub (the earth used in filling load-bearing structures, usually made of wood), rammed earth (earth compacted in a framework), and Compressed Earth Block (compacted earth, achieved using manual or mechanical presses) are the main ones (CRAterre et al. 1979; Houben & Guillaud, 1989). Raw earths can be used to produce compressed earth blocks (CEB) with ecological, thermal and economic advantages. However, the raw earth blocks have the disadvantage of deteriorating to humidity change or abrasion. This decreases its durability, i.e. resistance over time (Rigassi, 1995). Stabilization is a process to improve the impermeability (water resistance) and the hardness (impact and friction resistance, reduction of crumbling) of the earth block. There are more than a hundred products stabilizing the earth: sand, gravel, cement, l
1. 面对当前气候变化和地球资源枯竭的环境挑战(UNEP/UNECE, 2016)，建筑行业需要通过考虑经济、卫生和舒适标准来革新其设计实践和方法。提出了开发符合这些标准的材料并促进其使用的建议。原料土就是其中一种材料(Niroumand et al.， 2017)。生土指的是建筑中使用的未经燃烧但简单干燥的土。土方施工技术多种多样:主要是土坯(模压和晒干的砖)，cob(手工堆叠土球的建筑)，wattle和daub(用于填充承重结构的土，通常由木材制成)，夯土(在框架中压实的土)和压缩土块(用手动或机械压实的土)(CRAterre et al. 1979;Houben & Guillaud, 1989)。生土可用于生产压缩土块，具有生态、热学和经济优势。然而，原土块的缺点是易受湿度变化或磨损而变质。这降低了它的耐久性，即随着时间的推移的抵抗力(Rigassi, 1995)。稳定化是提高土块的抗渗性(抗水性)和硬度(抗冲击性和摩擦性，减少破碎性)的过程。稳定地球的产品有一百多种:砂石、砾石、水泥、水泥等
{"title":"Evaluation of Belgian clays for manufacturing compressed earth blocks","authors":"L. A. Mango-Itulamya, F. Collin, P. Pilate, Fabienne Courtejoie, N. Fagel","doi":"10.20341/gb.2019.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/gb.2019.002","url":null,"abstract":"1. Introduction Faced with the current environmental challenges about climate change and depletion of earth’s resources (UNEP/UNECE, 2016), the building sector needs to renovate its design practices and methods by taking into account economic, sanitary and comfort criteria. The development of materials that address these criteria and promotion of their use is put forward. Raw earth is one of these materials (Niroumand et al., 2017). Raw earth designates the earth used in construction unfired but simply dried. Earth construction techniques are very varied: adobe (the molded and sun dried brick), cob (construction made by stacking earth balls handmade), wattle and daub (the earth used in filling load-bearing structures, usually made of wood), rammed earth (earth compacted in a framework), and Compressed Earth Block (compacted earth, achieved using manual or mechanical presses) are the main ones (CRAterre et al. 1979; Houben & Guillaud, 1989). Raw earths can be used to produce compressed earth blocks (CEB) with ecological, thermal and economic advantages. However, the raw earth blocks have the disadvantage of deteriorating to humidity change or abrasion. This decreases its durability, i.e. resistance over time (Rigassi, 1995). Stabilization is a process to improve the impermeability (water resistance) and the hardness (impact and friction resistance, reduction of crumbling) of the earth block. There are more than a hundred products stabilizing the earth: sand, gravel, cement, l","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":"117 1","pages":"139-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79416345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cystiphylloides marennense n. sp., C. minimum (Wedekind, 1922), Atelophyllum emsti (Wedekind, 1922), Thamnophyllum godefroidi n. sp., Spinophyllum longiseptatum (Lütte, 1984) and Iowaphyllum sp. have been mainly collected on the south side of the Dinant Synclinorium, close to the boundary between the Lower and the Middle Givetian. Indeed, this material comes mostly from the lower part of the Mont d’Haurs Formation which is characterized by a high biodiversity. The genus Atelophyllum Wedekind, 1925 has been preferred to Mesophyllum Schlüter, 1889 and Lekanophyllum Wedekind, 1924 as the holotype of its type species Atelophyllum emsti has been figured in both transverse and longitudinal sections. A colony of Iowaphyllum is observed for the first time in the Givetian of Belgium. As a whole, the fauna of the Mont d’Haurs Formation is widely distributed in various areas of the Old World Realm (Europe, Asia and Australia). However, it shows strong affinities with the neighbouring countries of Belgium and especially with the Givetian rugose corals of the Eifel Hills, the Bergisches Land and the Sauerland in Germany.
Cystiphylloides marennense n. sp、C. minimum (Wedekind, 1922)、Atelophyllum emsti (Wedekind, 1922)、Thamnophyllum godefroidi n. sp、Spinophyllum longiseptatum (l tte, 1984)和Iowaphyllum sp.主要采集于Dinant向斜南侧，靠近下、中吉田分界线。事实上，这些材料主要来自Mont d 'Haurs组的下部，其特点是生物多样性高。1925年的Atelophyllum Wedekind属比1889年的Mesophyllum schl和1924年的Lekanophyllum Wedekind属更受欢迎，因为其模式种Atelophyllum emsti在横切面和纵切面上都有完整的模式。在比利时的Givetian首次发现了一群Iowaphyllum。作为一个整体，Mont d 'Haurs组的动物群广泛分布在旧世界王国(欧洲，亚洲和澳大利亚)的各个地区。然而，它与比利时的邻国有很强的亲缘关系，尤其是与艾菲尔山、贝吉什地和德国索尔兰的吉田红珊瑚。
{"title":"Investigation of some Givetian rugose corals from the Mont d’Haurs Formation in southern Belgium","authors":"M. Coen-Aubert","doi":"10.20341/gb.2019.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/gb.2019.008","url":null,"abstract":"Cystiphylloides marennense n. sp., C. minimum (Wedekind, 1922), Atelophyllum emsti (Wedekind, 1922), Thamnophyllum godefroidi n. sp., Spinophyllum longiseptatum (Lütte, 1984) and Iowaphyllum sp. have been mainly collected on the south side of the Dinant Synclinorium, close to the boundary between the Lower and the Middle Givetian. Indeed, this material comes mostly from the lower part of the Mont d’Haurs Formation which is characterized by a high biodiversity. The genus Atelophyllum Wedekind, 1925 has been preferred to Mesophyllum Schlüter, 1889 and Lekanophyllum Wedekind, 1924 as the holotype of its type species Atelophyllum emsti has been figured in both transverse and longitudinal sections. A colony of Iowaphyllum is observed for the first time in the Givetian of Belgium. As a whole, the fauna of the Mont d’Haurs Formation is widely distributed in various areas of the Old World Realm (Europe, Asia and Australia). However, it shows strong affinities with the neighbouring countries of Belgium and especially with the Givetian rugose corals of the Eifel Hills, the Bergisches Land and the Sauerland in Germany.","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86759029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juliane Scheder, P. Frenzel, Friederike Bungenstock, M. Engel, H. Brückner, A. Pint
In light of rising sea levels and increased storm surge hazards, detailed information on relative sea-level (RSL) histories and local controlling mechanisms is required to support future projections and to better prepare for future coastal-protection challenges. This study contributes to deciphering Holocene RSL changes at the German North Sea coast in high resolution by developing a transfer function for RSL change. Recent associations of Foraminifera and Ostracoda from low intertidal to supratidal settings of the barrier island of Spiekeroog in combination with environmental parameters (granulometry, C/N, TOC, salinity) were investigated and quantified in elevation steps of 15 cm in order to generate a first transfer function (TF) of Holocene RSL change. In a future step, the TF can be applied to the stratigraphic record. Our data show a clear vertical zonation of foraminifer and ostracod taxa between the middle salt marsh and the tidal flat with very few individuals in the sand flat area, suggesting removal by the tidal current or poor preservation. Multivariate statistics identify the elevation, i.e. the inundation frequency, as main driving factor. The smallest vertical error (49 cm) is associated with an entirely new approach of combining Foraminifera and Ostracoda for a TF. Advantages of the TF over classical RSL indicators such as basal and intercalated peat – beside the relatively narrow indicative meaning – include the possible application to a wide range of intertidal facies and that it does not depend on compaction-prone peat.
{"title":"Vertical and lateral distribution of Foraminifera and Ostracoda in the East Frisian Wadden Sea – developing a transfer function for relative sea-level change","authors":"Juliane Scheder, P. Frenzel, Friederike Bungenstock, M. Engel, H. Brückner, A. Pint","doi":"10.20341/gb.2019.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/gb.2019.007","url":null,"abstract":"In light of rising sea levels and increased storm surge hazards, detailed information on relative sea-level (RSL) histories and local controlling mechanisms is required to support future projections and to better prepare for future coastal-protection challenges. This study contributes to deciphering Holocene RSL changes at the German North Sea coast in high resolution by developing a transfer function for RSL change. Recent associations of Foraminifera and Ostracoda from low intertidal to supratidal settings of the barrier island of Spiekeroog in combination with environmental parameters (granulometry, C/N, TOC, salinity) were investigated and quantified in elevation steps of 15 cm in order to generate a first transfer function (TF) of Holocene RSL change. In a future step, the TF can be applied to the stratigraphic record. Our data show a clear vertical zonation of foraminifer and ostracod taxa between the middle salt marsh and the tidal flat with very few individuals in the sand flat area, suggesting removal by the tidal current or poor preservation. Multivariate statistics identify the elevation, i.e. the inundation frequency, as main driving factor. The smallest vertical error (49 cm) is associated with an entirely new approach of combining Foraminifera and Ostracoda for a TF. Advantages of the TF over classical RSL indicators such as basal and intercalated peat – beside the relatively narrow indicative meaning – include the possible application to a wide range of intertidal facies and that it does not depend on compaction-prone peat.","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84065299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface mapping and exploration in the search license PR-2348, northwest of Kolwezi in the Neoproterozoic Katanga Copperbelt, focussed in the poorly documented Five-Klippes area, and showed that the Roan megabreccias occurring at the ground surface in the klippes are composed mostly of Musonoï, Mines (Kamoto Formation) and Kiubo rocks that form km- to mm-size blocks, fragments and matrix. The megabreccias are bordered by rocks of the Kiubo Formation, that are gently dipping south on the northern side, with few approximatively 10 m-size sharp refolding close to the megabreccia, while they are vertically dipping north on the southern side. A 262 m-long exploration core drilling performed under the megabreccia of one of the klippes highlighted a faulting marked by hydraulic-like fractured-deformed Kiubo rocks and by friction breccias. The Kiubo blocks, fragments and matrix in the megabreccia were teared out most likely from the southern limb of the fault. The faulting in depth is interpreted here as the roots of the ground surface megabreccia. This rupture and shearing is questioning the autochthonous character of the surrounding Kiubo and Mongwe rocks. It is suggested that, similarly as for the eastern Mamfwe anticline, the Nguba and Kundelungu groups succession in the klippes area constituted blocks thrust during the fold-and-thrust event of the Katangan orogeny, and extruded the megabreccias of the klippes before suture during the final stage of the northward compression. A nearly north-south transversal faulting and shearing crosscutting the limbs and megabreccias of the klippes marked the end of the compression. These new observations complement other similar ones in that region, and have important implications for future Cu-Co exploration.
{"title":"Geological observations in the Five-Klippes area, northwestern Katanga Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of the Congo)","authors":"Maurice ILUNGA YANTAMBWE, J. Cailteux","doi":"10.20341/gb.2019.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/gb.2019.006","url":null,"abstract":"Surface mapping and exploration in the search license PR-2348, northwest of Kolwezi in the Neoproterozoic Katanga Copperbelt, focussed in the poorly documented Five-Klippes area, and showed that the Roan megabreccias occurring at the ground surface in the klippes are composed mostly of Musonoï, Mines (Kamoto Formation) and Kiubo rocks that form km- to mm-size blocks, fragments and matrix. The megabreccias are bordered by rocks of the Kiubo Formation, that are gently dipping south on the northern side, with few approximatively 10 m-size sharp refolding close to the megabreccia, while they are vertically dipping north on the southern side. A 262 m-long exploration core drilling performed under the megabreccia of one of the klippes highlighted a faulting marked by hydraulic-like fractured-deformed Kiubo rocks and by friction breccias. The Kiubo blocks, fragments and matrix in the megabreccia were teared out most likely from the southern limb of the fault. The faulting in depth is interpreted here as the roots of the ground surface megabreccia. This rupture and shearing is questioning the autochthonous character of the surrounding Kiubo and Mongwe rocks. It is suggested that, similarly as for the eastern Mamfwe anticline, the Nguba and Kundelungu groups succession in the klippes area constituted blocks thrust during the fold-and-thrust event of the Katangan orogeny, and extruded the megabreccias of the klippes before suture during the final stage of the northward compression. A nearly north-south transversal faulting and shearing crosscutting the limbs and megabreccias of the klippes marked the end of the compression. These new observations complement other similar ones in that region, and have important implications for future Cu-Co exploration.","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87555740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The type material of 45 Pridolian–Devonian brachiopod species, described in southern Belgium and northern France (1870–1945) and curated at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (Brussels), is re-investigated and illustrated in order to facilitate future taxonomic revision; such a catalogue should allow a better assessment of the brachiopod diversity during the considered time span. Furthermore, 28 other Silurian–Devonian species originally described in Belgium (1850–1950), but housed in other Belgian or foreign institutions, are also discussed. For taxonomical purposes, the lectotypes of several species are selected; the latter were described by Asselberghs (Stropheodonta couviniensis, Plethorhyncha percostata var. gdoumontensis, Athyris dorlodoti, Retzia gdoumontensis, Dielasma maillieuxi), Béclard (Orthis dorsoplicata, Orthis musischura, Rhynchonella parvula (non R. parvula Eudes-Deslongchamps)), de Ryckholt (Lingula amayana), Dewalque (Crania corneti), and Maillieux (Discina (Discina) forrierensis, Pholidostrophia extensa, Anoplia theorassensis, Schuchertella durbutensis, Streptorhynchus rahiri, Pentamerus loei). Re-investigation of the ambocoeliid Spirifer pentameroides Stainier highlighted the homonymy between Diazoma Dürkoop, 1970 (Brachiopoda) and Diazoma Lamarck, 1816 (Tunicata); the former genus must be rejected and replaced by a valid synonym, namely Kelusia Mamedov, 1978.
{"title":"An annotated catalogue of types of Silurian–Devonian brachiopod species from southern Belgium and northern France in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (1870–1945), with notes on those curated in other Belgian and foreign institutions","authors":"Bernard Mottequin","doi":"10.20341/GB.2019.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2019.005","url":null,"abstract":"The type material of 45 Pridolian–Devonian brachiopod species, described in southern Belgium and northern France (1870–1945) and curated at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (Brussels), is re-investigated and illustrated in order to facilitate future taxonomic revision; such a catalogue should allow a better assessment of the brachiopod diversity during the considered time span. Furthermore, 28 other Silurian–Devonian species originally described in Belgium (1850–1950), but housed in other Belgian or foreign institutions, are also discussed. For taxonomical purposes, the lectotypes of several species are selected; the latter were described by Asselberghs (Stropheodonta couviniensis, Plethorhyncha percostata var. gdoumontensis, Athyris dorlodoti, Retzia gdoumontensis, Dielasma maillieuxi), Béclard (Orthis dorsoplicata, Orthis musischura, Rhynchonella parvula (non R. parvula Eudes-Deslongchamps)), de Ryckholt (Lingula amayana), Dewalque (Crania corneti), and Maillieux (Discina (Discina) forrierensis, Pholidostrophia extensa, Anoplia theorassensis, Schuchertella durbutensis, Streptorhynchus rahiri, Pentamerus loei). Re-investigation of the ambocoeliid Spirifer pentameroides Stainier highlighted the homonymy between Diazoma Dürkoop, 1970 (Brachiopoda) and Diazoma Lamarck, 1816 (Tunicata); the former genus must be rejected and replaced by a valid synonym, namely Kelusia Mamedov, 1978.","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86326972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We describe new avian remains from Paleocene localities of Belgium and France. Four bones from the early to middle Selandian of Maret (Belgium) are among the earliest Cenozoic avian remains known from Europe and include the oldest temporally well constrained European records of the Gastornithidae, as well as tentative records of the palaeognathous Lithornithidae and the Ralloidea. A more comprehensive fossil assemblage from the middle Thanetian of Templeuve (France) contains multiple bones of the Lithornithidae as well as a record of the Pelagornithidae. Specimens from the latest Thanetian of Rivecourt-Petit Pâtis (France) are tentatively assigned to the Ralloidea and Leptosomiformes (cf. Plesiocathartes). Because of the fragmentary nature of the fossils, the taxonomic identity of a number of other specimens remains uncertain. We note, however, that Paleocene avifaunas of Europe and North America appear to have had different compositions and only a few taxa, such as the palaeognathous Lithornithidae, are known from both continents. This suggests that the very similar early Eocene avifaunas of Europe and North America are the result of early Cenozoic dispersal events.
{"title":"New Paleocene bird fossils from the North Sea Basin in Belgium and France","authors":"G. Mayr, T. Smith","doi":"10.20341/GB.2019.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2019.003","url":null,"abstract":"We describe new avian remains from Paleocene localities of Belgium and France. Four bones from the early to middle Selandian of Maret (Belgium) are among the earliest Cenozoic avian remains known from Europe and include the oldest temporally well constrained European records of the Gastornithidae, as well as tentative records of the palaeognathous Lithornithidae and the Ralloidea. A more comprehensive fossil assemblage from the middle Thanetian of Templeuve (France) contains multiple bones of the Lithornithidae as well as a record of the Pelagornithidae. Specimens from the latest Thanetian of Rivecourt-Petit Pâtis (France) are tentatively assigned to the Ralloidea and Leptosomiformes (cf. Plesiocathartes). Because of the fragmentary nature of the fossils, the taxonomic identity of a number of other specimens remains uncertain. We note, however, that Paleocene avifaunas of Europe and North America appear to have had different compositions and only a few taxa, such as the palaeognathous Lithornithidae, are known from both continents. This suggests that the very similar early Eocene avifaunas of Europe and North America are the result of early Cenozoic dispersal events.","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75950987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Allart P. VAN VIERSEN, Peter Taghon, Benedikt Magrean
Well-preserved trilobite specimens are recorded from Eifelian strata between the villages of Nismes (southern Belgium) and Vireux-Molhain (northern France). In the area of study the lower Eifelian Vieux Moulin Member of the Jemelle Formation crops out. The diversified trilobite associations of this unit occur in dark shales and siltstones during a deepening phase and replace the comparatively poorly diversified trilobite fauna of the underlying Eau Noire Formation. This overturn of the local trilobite fauna might, in part, be considered a regional expression of the globally recognised Choteč Event. A marked influx of exotic trilobites in the Vieux Moulin Member is provisionally referred to the local Vieux Moulin Event. Trilobite diversity peaked in the middle Eifelian part (Chavées Member) of the Jemelle Formation before drastically dropping in the upper part of this formation. The manifestations in the Ardennes of the eastern North American Bakoven and Stony Hollow Events can neither be confirmed nor rejected based on the currently available data. New taxa from the early Eifelian part of the Jemelle Formation in the area of study are Asteropyge boeckae sp. nov., Asteropyge eonia sp. nov., Asteropyge filoxenia sp. nov., Cyphaspis insolata sp. nov., Cyphaspis iuxta sp. nov., Diademaproetus pertinax sp. nov., Geesops icovellaunae sp. nov., Gerastos kesselaeri sp. nov., Kettneraspis eftychia sp. nov., Pedinopariops ceuthonymus sp. nov., Pedinopariops richterianus geminus ssp. nov., Scabriscutellum archinalae sp. nov., Septimopeltis akatastasia sp. nov. and Tropidocoryphe insciens sp. nov. Our material includes exceptionally rare, well-preserved specimens from the famous “Mur des douaniers” locality near Vireux-Molhain. Additionally, Astycoryphe rugocauda sp. nov. is described from the lower Eifelian Couvin Formation (southern Belgium) and Gerastos silvicultrix sp. nov. from the uppermost Emsian Heisdorf Formation (German Eifel).
{"title":"Early Middle Devonian trilobites and events in the Nismes – Vireux-Molhain area, southern border of the Dinant Synclinorium (Belgium, northern France)","authors":"Allart P. VAN VIERSEN, Peter Taghon, Benedikt Magrean","doi":"10.20341/GB.2019.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2019.001","url":null,"abstract":"Well-preserved trilobite specimens are recorded from Eifelian strata between the villages of Nismes (southern Belgium) and Vireux-Molhain (northern France). In the area of study the lower Eifelian Vieux Moulin Member of the Jemelle Formation crops out. The diversified trilobite associations of this unit occur in dark shales and siltstones during a deepening phase and replace the comparatively poorly diversified trilobite fauna of the underlying Eau Noire Formation. This overturn of the local trilobite fauna might, in part, be considered a regional expression of the globally recognised Choteč Event. A marked influx of exotic trilobites in the Vieux Moulin Member is provisionally referred to the local Vieux Moulin Event. Trilobite diversity peaked in the middle Eifelian part (Chavées Member) of the Jemelle Formation before drastically dropping in the upper part of this formation. The manifestations in the Ardennes of the eastern North American Bakoven and Stony Hollow Events can neither be confirmed nor rejected based on the currently available data. New taxa from the early Eifelian part of the Jemelle Formation in the area of study are Asteropyge boeckae sp. nov., Asteropyge eonia sp. nov., Asteropyge filoxenia sp. nov., Cyphaspis insolata sp. nov., Cyphaspis iuxta sp. nov., Diademaproetus pertinax sp. nov., Geesops icovellaunae sp. nov., Gerastos kesselaeri sp. nov., Kettneraspis eftychia sp. nov., Pedinopariops ceuthonymus sp. nov., Pedinopariops richterianus geminus ssp. nov., Scabriscutellum archinalae sp. nov., Septimopeltis akatastasia sp. nov. and Tropidocoryphe insciens sp. nov. Our material includes exceptionally rare, well-preserved specimens from the famous “Mur des douaniers” locality near Vireux-Molhain. Additionally, Astycoryphe rugocauda sp. nov. is described from the lower Eifelian Couvin Formation (southern Belgium) and Gerastos silvicultrix sp. nov. from the uppermost Emsian Heisdorf Formation (German Eifel).","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74163945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The osteology of Cabindachanos dartevellei gen. and sp. nov., a fossil fish from the marine Danian or early Selandian deposits of Landana (Cabinda Territory, Central Africa), is here studied in detail. This fish is known by only one partially preserved specimen that shows typical characters. The opercle is greatly hypertrophied. The preopercle has a very broad dorsal limb and a long narrower ventral limb. There is a wide plate-like suprapreopercle. The lower jaw is deep, with a well-marked coronoid process formed by the dentary. The articulation between the quadrate and the mandible is located before the orbit. The first supraneurals are enlarged. These characters indicate that C. dartevellei belongs to the family Chanidae (Teleostei, Gonorynchiformes). Cabindachanos dartevellei differs from all the other known fossil or recent chanid fishes by the gigantic development of its opercle and by the loss of the subopercle. The straight angle formed by the two limbs of the preopercle and the well-developed posterior median crest of the supraoccipital indicate that C. dartevellei belongs to the subfamily Chaninae and the tribe Chanini.
{"title":"Cabindachanos dartevellei gen. and sp. nov., a new chanid fish (Ostariophysi, Gonorynchiformes) from the marine Paleocene of Cabinda (Central Africa)","authors":"L. Taverne, T. De Putter, F. Mees, T. Smith","doi":"10.20341/GB.2018.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2018.011","url":null,"abstract":"The osteology of Cabindachanos dartevellei gen. and sp. nov., a fossil fish from the marine Danian or early Selandian deposits of Landana (Cabinda Territory, Central Africa), is here studied in detail. This fish is known by only one partially preserved specimen that shows typical characters. The opercle is greatly hypertrophied. The preopercle has a very broad dorsal limb and a long narrower ventral limb. There is a wide plate-like suprapreopercle. The lower jaw is deep, with a well-marked coronoid process formed by the dentary. The articulation between the quadrate and the mandible is located before the orbit. The first supraneurals are enlarged. These characters indicate that C. dartevellei belongs to the family Chanidae (Teleostei, Gonorynchiformes). Cabindachanos dartevellei differs from all the other known fossil or recent chanid fishes by the gigantic development of its opercle and by the loss of the subopercle. The straight angle formed by the two limbs of the preopercle and the well-developed posterior median crest of the supraoccipital indicate that C. dartevellei belongs to the subfamily Chaninae and the tribe Chanini.","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73846726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1. Introduction The conference presented by one of us (A.P.) in September 2017 in honor of the Van den Broeck medal is the result of recurrent questions asked by many geologists, especially Belgians, about the origin of the red color of the Frasnian ‘marbles’ of our Ardennes. These marbles have been known throughout the world for several centuries both for their use as decorative material and also for the geological interpretation of their depositional setting and, naturally, of their red color. They are also known at a world scale by Dupont’s description (in 1881) who reported particular cavities, the ‘stromatactis’, later defined by Bathurst (1982). Since then an infinite literature has been devoted to them and the term ‘stromatactis’, originally described in the Belgian Frasnian, is commonly used in the Precambrian and global Phanerozoic carbonates. Finally, following numerous questions on the origin of these marbles, they were considered as ‘reefs’ as soon as they were discovered, Boulvain (1990) definitively established the depositional environment of these mud mounds showing how these ‘reefs’ were built in relation to relative sea level variations. The red color was also discussed in his work, and attributed to iron-bacterial activity in dysaerobic media. This study was initiated at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles, at the initiative of Professors A. Herbosch and B. Mamet. It is with the latter that one of us (A.P.) decided to extend this theme to other ‘marbles’ and
1. 2017年9月，为了纪念Van den Broeck奖章，我们中的一位(A.P.)提出了会议，这是许多地质学家，特别是比利时地质学家反复提出的关于阿登地区Frasnian“大理石”红色起源的问题的结果。几个世纪以来，这些大理石在世界各地都很有名，因为它们被用作装饰材料，也因为它们的沉积环境的地质解释，当然，它们的红色。杜邦的描述(1881年)也在世界范围内为它们所知，他报告了一种特殊的空洞，称为“基质”，后来由巴瑟斯特(1982年)定义。从那时起，有无数的文献致力于它们，“叠层”一词最初是在比利时弗拉斯纪描述的，通常用于前寒武纪和全球显生宙碳酸盐岩。最后，在对这些大理石的起源提出了许多问题之后，它们一被发现就被认为是“礁石”，Boulvain(1990)明确地建立了这些泥丘的沉积环境，展示了这些“礁石”是如何与相对海平面变化相关联而形成的。在他的工作中也讨论了红色，并归因于铁细菌在缺氧介质中的活性。这项研究是在布鲁塞尔自由大学赫博施教授和马梅特教授的倡议下发起的。对于后者，我们中的一个人(A.P.)决定将这个主题扩展到其他“弹珠”和
{"title":"Bacterial origin of the red pigmentation of Phanerozoic carbonate rocks: an integrated study of geology-biology-chemistry (Ernest Van den Broeck medallist lecture 2017)","authors":"A. Préat, C. Ridder, D. Gillan","doi":"10.20341/GB.2018.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2018.010","url":null,"abstract":"1. Introduction The conference presented by one of us (A.P.) in September 2017 in honor of the Van den Broeck medal is the result of recurrent questions asked by many geologists, especially Belgians, about the origin of the red color of the Frasnian ‘marbles’ of our Ardennes. These marbles have been known throughout the world for several centuries both for their use as decorative material and also for the geological interpretation of their depositional setting and, naturally, of their red color. They are also known at a world scale by Dupont’s description (in 1881) who reported particular cavities, the ‘stromatactis’, later defined by Bathurst (1982). Since then an infinite literature has been devoted to them and the term ‘stromatactis’, originally described in the Belgian Frasnian, is commonly used in the Precambrian and global Phanerozoic carbonates. Finally, following numerous questions on the origin of these marbles, they were considered as ‘reefs’ as soon as they were discovered, Boulvain (1990) definitively established the depositional environment of these mud mounds showing how these ‘reefs’ were built in relation to relative sea level variations. The red color was also discussed in his work, and attributed to iron-bacterial activity in dysaerobic media. This study was initiated at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles, at the initiative of Professors A. Herbosch and B. Mamet. It is with the latter that one of us (A.P.) decided to extend this theme to other ‘marbles’ and","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":"8 1","pages":"167-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79038398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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