1. Introduction The conference presented by one of us (A.P.) in September 2017 in honor of the Van den Broeck medal is the result of recurrent questions asked by many geologists, especially Belgians, about the origin of the red color of the Frasnian ‘marbles’ of our Ardennes. These marbles have been known throughout the world for several centuries both for their use as decorative material and also for the geological interpretation of their depositional setting and, naturally, of their red color. They are also known at a world scale by Dupont’s description (in 1881) who reported particular cavities, the ‘stromatactis’, later defined by Bathurst (1982). Since then an infinite literature has been devoted to them and the term ‘stromatactis’, originally described in the Belgian Frasnian, is commonly used in the Precambrian and global Phanerozoic carbonates. Finally, following numerous questions on the origin of these marbles, they were considered as ‘reefs’ as soon as they were discovered, Boulvain (1990) definitively established the depositional environment of these mud mounds showing how these ‘reefs’ were built in relation to relative sea level variations. The red color was also discussed in his work, and attributed to iron-bacterial activity in dysaerobic media. This study was initiated at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles, at the initiative of Professors A. Herbosch and B. Mamet. It is with the latter that one of us (A.P.) decided to extend this theme to other ‘marbles’ and
1. 2017年9月，为了纪念Van den Broeck奖章，我们中的一位(A.P.)提出了会议，这是许多地质学家，特别是比利时地质学家反复提出的关于阿登地区Frasnian“大理石”红色起源的问题的结果。几个世纪以来，这些大理石在世界各地都很有名，因为它们被用作装饰材料，也因为它们的沉积环境的地质解释，当然，它们的红色。杜邦的描述(1881年)也在世界范围内为它们所知，他报告了一种特殊的空洞，称为“基质”，后来由巴瑟斯特(1982年)定义。从那时起，有无数的文献致力于它们，“叠层”一词最初是在比利时弗拉斯纪描述的，通常用于前寒武纪和全球显生宙碳酸盐岩。最后，在对这些大理石的起源提出了许多问题之后，它们一被发现就被认为是“礁石”，Boulvain(1990)明确地建立了这些泥丘的沉积环境，展示了这些“礁石”是如何与相对海平面变化相关联而形成的。在他的工作中也讨论了红色，并归因于铁细菌在缺氧介质中的活性。这项研究是在布鲁塞尔自由大学赫博施教授和马梅特教授的倡议下发起的。对于后者，我们中的一个人(A.P.)决定将这个主题扩展到其他“弹珠”和
{"title":"Bacterial origin of the red pigmentation of Phanerozoic carbonate rocks: an integrated study of geology-biology-chemistry (Ernest Van den Broeck medallist lecture 2017)","authors":"A. Préat, C. Ridder, D. Gillan","doi":"10.20341/GB.2018.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2018.010","url":null,"abstract":"1. Introduction The conference presented by one of us (A.P.) in September 2017 in honor of the Van den Broeck medal is the result of recurrent questions asked by many geologists, especially Belgians, about the origin of the red color of the Frasnian ‘marbles’ of our Ardennes. These marbles have been known throughout the world for several centuries both for their use as decorative material and also for the geological interpretation of their depositional setting and, naturally, of their red color. They are also known at a world scale by Dupont’s description (in 1881) who reported particular cavities, the ‘stromatactis’, later defined by Bathurst (1982). Since then an infinite literature has been devoted to them and the term ‘stromatactis’, originally described in the Belgian Frasnian, is commonly used in the Precambrian and global Phanerozoic carbonates. Finally, following numerous questions on the origin of these marbles, they were considered as ‘reefs’ as soon as they were discovered, Boulvain (1990) definitively established the depositional environment of these mud mounds showing how these ‘reefs’ were built in relation to relative sea level variations. The red color was also discussed in his work, and attributed to iron-bacterial activity in dysaerobic media. This study was initiated at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles, at the initiative of Professors A. Herbosch and B. Mamet. It is with the latter that one of us (A.P.) decided to extend this theme to other ‘marbles’ and","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79038398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Leroy, F. Chalié, F. Wesselingh, M. S. Sanjani, H. Lahijani, J. Athersuch, U. Struck, G. Plunkett, P. Reimer, P. Habibi, K. Kabiri, S. Haghani, A. Beni, K. Arpe
The response of large water-bodies to global change in terms of ecosystem services and economical value is a major concern. The Caspian Sea, the world’s largest enclosed water-body, has a poorly-known water-level history, but observed changes are a hundred times faster than recent global sea-level rise. This ancient lake, characterised by brackish waters, is rich in endemic species; some of them have spread to similar environments worldwide. However, the ecology of Pontocaspian species remains poorly understood and must be studied in their original habitat. This work aims at improving the capacity to reconstruct Quaternary environments of the Pontocaspian region and to provide a benchmark for biodiversity turnover studies. A transect of surface sediment across a wide shelf was subjected to multidisciplinary analyses: stable isotopes, pollen, dinocysts, diatoms, foraminifers, ostracods and molluscs and vertical oceanographic profiles. Three depositional environments with characteristic communities were found: shore face, shelf and slope. Invasion impact was strongly felt by the molluscs. All biota groups, except diatoms, reflected high endemism. The radiocarbon reservoir effect is highlighted in differential 14C ages for different groups. Understanding such discrepancies require detailed insight into reworking processes. Tephra presence in the sediment shows a potential for tephrochronology. Stable isotope ratios in ostracods appear to reflect temperature depth gradients. Our results provide a baseline for calibrating proxy data to the present Pontocaspian environment.
{"title":"Multi-proxy indicators in a Pontocaspian system: a depth transect of surface sediment in the SE Caspian Sea","authors":"S. Leroy, F. Chalié, F. Wesselingh, M. S. Sanjani, H. Lahijani, J. Athersuch, U. Struck, G. Plunkett, P. Reimer, P. Habibi, K. Kabiri, S. Haghani, A. Beni, K. Arpe","doi":"10.20341/GB.2018.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2018.008","url":null,"abstract":"The response of large water-bodies to global change in terms of ecosystem services and economical value is a major concern. The Caspian Sea, the world’s largest enclosed water-body, has a poorly-known water-level history, but observed changes are a hundred times faster than recent global sea-level rise. This ancient lake, characterised by brackish waters, is rich in endemic species; some of them have spread to similar environments worldwide. However, the ecology of Pontocaspian species remains poorly understood and must be studied in their original habitat. This work aims at improving the capacity to reconstruct Quaternary environments of the Pontocaspian region and to provide a benchmark for biodiversity turnover studies. A transect of surface sediment across a wide shelf was subjected to multidisciplinary analyses: stable isotopes, pollen, dinocysts, diatoms, foraminifers, ostracods and molluscs and vertical oceanographic profiles. Three depositional environments with characteristic communities were found: shore face, shelf and slope. Invasion impact was strongly felt by the molluscs. All biota groups, except diatoms, reflected high endemism. The radiocarbon reservoir effect is highlighted in differential 14C ages for different groups. Understanding such discrepancies require detailed insight into reworking processes. Tephra presence in the sediment shows a potential for tephrochronology. Stable isotope ratios in ostracods appear to reflect temperature depth gradients. Our results provide a baseline for calibrating proxy data to the present Pontocaspian environment.","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74309466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Streel, Marc Paillet, J. Beghin, Thomas Leclef, M. Lamentowicz, Kamyar Kamran, M. Court-Picon, M. Allan, N. Fagel, P. Gerrienne
Reconstruire les conditions de formation de la tourbe entre l'Atlantique ancien et le Subatlantique ancien dans la tourbiere du Misten (Est de la Belgique) sur la base d'analyses a haute resolution du pollen, des thecamoebiens et de la geochimie. La tourbiere du Misten (Hautes-Fagnes, Belgique), epaisse de 7 metres, a ete etudiee avec pour objectifs la reconstitution de l’evolution de la tourbiere et des conditions de la formation de la tourbe, a partir de l’analyse des grains de pollen et spores, des thecamoebiens, ainsi que de la geochimie. La partie etudiee de la tourbiere represente une grande partie de la periode Atlantique, l’entierete de la periode Subboreal et le debut de la periode Subatlantique, soit environ l’intervalle de temps compris entre 7300 cal BP et 2000 cal BP. La reconnaissance d’assemblages polliniques reperes definis par un travail plus ancien (Persch, 1950), realise dans la peripherie de la meme tourbiere, permet de correler etroitement entre eux les deux sites etudies, 460 cm d’epaisseur dans la partie centrale de la tourbiere correspondant a 230 cm d’epaisseur dans la peripherie. La datation precise des reperes polliniques dans la sequence qui fait l’objet de ce travail permet d’obtenir une chronologie plus precise des evenements reconnus dans le diagramme pollinique de Persch en 1950. La comparaison des donnees polliniques indique que, comme attendu, la pluie pollinique de Corylus est proportionnellement plus importante et celle du Quercetum mixtum, moins importante dans la partie centrale de la tourbiere qu’a la peripherie de celle-ci. L’analyse des thecamoebiens dans la partie centrale de la tourbiere constitue l’apport majeur du present travail. Cinq biozones ont ete identifiees par une analyse contrainte stratigraphiquement. La zonation obtenue est essentiellement basee sur les fluctuations d’Archerella (Amphitrema) flavum et Difflugia pulex. Trois fonctions de transfert ont ete appliquees et comparees. Couplee a la mesure du taux d’humification des niveaux concernes, elles permettent une analyse detaillee du taux d’humidite de la tourbe, et donc des conditions climatiques locales au moment de la formation de cette derniere. L’integration des resultats polliniques dans la zonation basee sur les thecamoebiens permet de definir, de dater et d’interpreter 18 intervalles de temps relativement courts, de l’ordre de 200 a 300 ans chacun. Nos resultats valident et completent une premiere interpretation climatique combinant analyse geochimique et donnees preliminaires acquises sur les thecamoebiens.
利用花粉、化学和地球化学的高分辨率分析，重建米斯滕泥炭沼泽(比利时东部)古大西洋和古亚大西洋之间泥炭的形成条件。tourbiere Misten》(比利时),原意别人Hautes-Fagnes 7米,已与演变为目标恢复信息。tourbiere和泥炭的训练条件,分析起了孢子和花粉粒、thecamoebiens以及地球化学。研究的泥炭地部分代表了大西洋期的大部分，亚北方期的整个夏天和亚大西洋期的开始，大约在7300 cal BP到2000 cal BP之间。根据一项较早的工作(Persch, 1950)的定义，在同一泥炭地的外围，对残留花粉的识别使两个研究地点紧密相关成为可能，泥炭地中部460厘米厚，外围230厘米厚。对该序列中花粉记录的精确年代测定，使Persch在1950年的花粉图中发现的事件有了更精确的年表。花粉数据的比较表明，正如预期的那样，Corylus的花粉雨比例较高，而Quercetum mixtum的花粉雨比例较低，后者在泥炭沼泽中部的花粉雨比例低于泥炭沼泽外围的花粉雨比例。本研究的主要贡献是分析泥炭地中部的苔藓群落。通过地层应力分析确定了5个生物带。获得的分区主要是基于弓箭虫(Amphitrema) flavum和Difflugia pulex的波动。应用并比较了三种传递函数。结合测量相关水平的湿度水平，可以详细分析泥炭的湿度水平，从而分析泥炭形成时的当地气候条件。将花粉结果整合到基于模式的分区中，可以定义、确定和解释18个相对较短的时间间隔，每个时间间隔约为200 - 300年。我们的结果验证并完成了结合地球化学分析和类型学初步数据的第一次气候解释。
{"title":"Reconstructing Early Atlantic to Early Subatlantic peat-forming conditions of the ombrotrophic Misten Bog (eastern Belgium) on the basis of high-resolution analyses of pollen, testate amoebae and geochemistry","authors":"M. Streel, Marc Paillet, J. Beghin, Thomas Leclef, M. Lamentowicz, Kamyar Kamran, M. Court-Picon, M. Allan, N. Fagel, P. Gerrienne","doi":"10.20341/GB.2018.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2018.009","url":null,"abstract":"Reconstruire les conditions de formation de la tourbe entre l'Atlantique ancien et le Subatlantique ancien dans la tourbiere du Misten (Est de la Belgique) sur la base d'analyses a haute resolution du pollen, des thecamoebiens et de la geochimie. La tourbiere du Misten (Hautes-Fagnes, Belgique), epaisse de 7 metres, a ete etudiee avec pour objectifs la reconstitution de l’evolution de la tourbiere et des conditions de la formation de la tourbe, a partir de l’analyse des grains de pollen et spores, des thecamoebiens, ainsi que de la geochimie. La partie etudiee de la tourbiere represente une grande partie de la periode Atlantique, l’entierete de la periode Subboreal et le debut de la periode Subatlantique, soit environ l’intervalle de temps compris entre 7300 cal BP et 2000 cal BP. La reconnaissance d’assemblages polliniques reperes definis par un travail plus ancien (Persch, 1950), realise dans la peripherie de la meme tourbiere, permet de correler etroitement entre eux les deux sites etudies, 460 cm d’epaisseur dans la partie centrale de la tourbiere correspondant a 230 cm d’epaisseur dans la peripherie. La datation precise des reperes polliniques dans la sequence qui fait l’objet de ce travail permet d’obtenir une chronologie plus precise des evenements reconnus dans le diagramme pollinique de Persch en 1950. La comparaison des donnees polliniques indique que, comme attendu, la pluie pollinique de Corylus est proportionnellement plus importante et celle du Quercetum mixtum, moins importante dans la partie centrale de la tourbiere qu’a la peripherie de celle-ci. L’analyse des thecamoebiens dans la partie centrale de la tourbiere constitue l’apport majeur du present travail. Cinq biozones ont ete identifiees par une analyse contrainte stratigraphiquement. La zonation obtenue est essentiellement basee sur les fluctuations d’Archerella (Amphitrema) flavum et Difflugia pulex. Trois fonctions de transfert ont ete appliquees et comparees. Couplee a la mesure du taux d’humification des niveaux concernes, elles permettent une analyse detaillee du taux d’humidite de la tourbe, et donc des conditions climatiques locales au moment de la formation de cette derniere. L’integration des resultats polliniques dans la zonation basee sur les thecamoebiens permet de definir, de dater et d’interpreter 18 intervalles de temps relativement courts, de l’ordre de 200 a 300 ans chacun. Nos resultats valident et completent une premiere interpretation climatique combinant analyse geochimique et donnees preliminaires acquises sur les thecamoebiens.","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78635414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1. Introduction As a result of the “new geological map of Wallonia” program undertaken by the Walloon Government since 1990, the maps covering the entire southern outcropping part of the Brabant Massif (BM) have been finalised (Fig. 1). These 19 maps at 1/25 000 scale (12 full and 7 partial, Fig. 2; Annex 1), were realized between 1993 and 2017 by several teams of the universities of Brussels (ULB), Louvain (UCL) and Mons (Umons), with occasional input from experts from UGent and KULeuven. During the last two decades the authors’ research has been heavily focused on the geology of the Brabant Massif and they have contributed to the realization of half of these maps, particularly those that cover the Dyle and the Senne valleys (e.g. Verniers et al., 2005; Debacker et al., 2005b, 2011; Herbosch et al., 2008a; Herbosch & Verniers, 2013, 2014, 2015; see also Annex 1). Figure 1. (A) Position of the Brabant Massif within the Anglo-Brabant Deformation Belt (ABDB) along the NE-side of the Midland Microcraton (MM) in the context of Laurentia, Baltica, Avalonia and Armorica (modified after Winchester & PACE TMR Network team, 2002; Sintubin et al., 2009). Abbreviations: IS: Iapetus Suture; LCS: Le Conquet Suture; LNSM: Luneberg-North Sea Terrane; (MM): extension of the Midland Microcraton to the southeast under the Variscan Front; TS: Tornquist Suture; RHS: Rhenohercynian Suture; RS: Rheic Suture; VF: Variscan Front; WB: Welsh Basin. (B) Geological subcrop map of the Brabant Massif, a
1. 自1990年以来，瓦隆政府开展了“瓦隆新地质图”项目，涵盖布拉班特地块(BM)整个南部露头部分的地图已经完成(图1)。这19幅地图以1/ 25000比例尺绘制(12幅完整地图和7幅局部地图，图2;附件1)，于1993年至2017年期间由布鲁塞尔(ULB)，鲁汶(UCL)和蒙斯(Umons)大学的几个团队实现，偶尔也有来自尤金特和鲁汶大学的专家提供意见。在过去的二十年中，作者的研究主要集中在布拉班特地块的地质上，他们为实现这些地图的一半做出了贡献，特别是那些覆盖Dyle和Senne山谷的地图(例如Verniers等人，2005;Debacker et al.， 2005b, 2011;Herbosch et al.， 2008;Herbosch & Verniers, 2013、2014、2015;另见附件1)。(A)在Laurentia、Baltica、Avalonia和Armorica背景下，米德兰微克拉通(MM)北北侧盎格鲁-布拉班特变形带(ABDB)内布拉班特地块的位置(根据Winchester & PACE TMR Network team, 2002修正);Sintubin et al.， 2009)。IS:足跖骨缝合线;LCS: Le conquest缝合;LNSM: Luneberg-North Sea Terrane;(MM):米德兰微克拉通在瓦里斯坎锋面下向东南延伸;TS: Tornquist缝合;RHS:雷诺西期缝合线;RS: Rheic Suture;VF: Variscan Front;WB:威尔士盆地。(B) Brabant地块地质亚作物图，a
{"title":"A new geological map of the outcrop areas of the Brabant Massif (Belgium)","authors":"A. Herbosch, T. Debacker","doi":"10.20341/GB.2018.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2018.003","url":null,"abstract":"1. Introduction As a result of the “new geological map of Wallonia” program undertaken by the Walloon Government since 1990, the maps covering the entire southern outcropping part of the Brabant Massif (BM) have been finalised (Fig. 1). These 19 maps at 1/25 000 scale (12 full and 7 partial, Fig. 2; Annex 1), were realized between 1993 and 2017 by several teams of the universities of Brussels (ULB), Louvain (UCL) and Mons (Umons), with occasional input from experts from UGent and KULeuven. During the last two decades the authors’ research has been heavily focused on the geology of the Brabant Massif and they have contributed to the realization of half of these maps, particularly those that cover the Dyle and the Senne valleys (e.g. Verniers et al., 2005; Debacker et al., 2005b, 2011; Herbosch et al., 2008a; Herbosch & Verniers, 2013, 2014, 2015; see also Annex 1). Figure 1. (A) Position of the Brabant Massif within the Anglo-Brabant Deformation Belt (ABDB) along the NE-side of the Midland Microcraton (MM) in the context of Laurentia, Baltica, Avalonia and Armorica (modified after Winchester & PACE TMR Network team, 2002; Sintubin et al., 2009). Abbreviations: IS: Iapetus Suture; LCS: Le Conquet Suture; LNSM: Luneberg-North Sea Terrane; (MM): extension of the Midland Microcraton to the southeast under the Variscan Front; TS: Tornquist Suture; RHS: Rhenohercynian Suture; RS: Rheic Suture; VF: Variscan Front; WB: Welsh Basin. (B) Geological subcrop map of the Brabant Massif, a","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79125442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1. Introduction The Frasnian was a period of recurrent global eustatic perturbations that had already commenced in the Middle Devonian and led to major faunal crises. Frasnian trilobites, encompassing exclusively benthic and endobenthic inhabitants of the continental shelf, suffered consecutive blows from the worldwide “drowning” of reef ecosystems and a decline of the shallow water environments to which they were confined (Feist, 1991, 1995). The latest Frasnian Kellwasser Event, though not by itself responsible for the demise of Frasnian trilobites, was the “coup de grâce” for many families. This event and its effects on trilobites have been the focus of investigations at various sections located in Germany, France, Morocco and NW Australia, among other countries (e.g. Becker et al., 1989; Feist & Schindler, 1994; Feist, 2002; McNamara & Feist, 2016). Frasnian trilobites from Belgium were described mainly in the monograph on Late Devonian trilobites of Richter & Richter (1926) and in van Viersen & Bignon (2011) and van Viersen & Prescher (2011). Bignon & Cronier (2015) analysed faunal dynamics of Devonian trilobites from Belgium and northern France and recognised two poorly diversified associations in the Frasnian: the Scutellum–Goldius association which they considered to be restricted to reef environments, and the Bradocryphaeus association (Bradocryphaeus, Otarion, Heliopyge) of Cronier & van Viersen (2007) which occurs in lateral shales and limestones below fair-weather
{"title":"The rise and fall of Late Devonian (Frasnian) trilobites from Belgium: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and events","authors":"A. Viersen, W. Vanherle","doi":"10.20341/GB.2018.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2018.005","url":null,"abstract":"1. Introduction The Frasnian was a period of recurrent global eustatic perturbations that had already commenced in the Middle Devonian and led to major faunal crises. Frasnian trilobites, encompassing exclusively benthic and endobenthic inhabitants of the continental shelf, suffered consecutive blows from the worldwide “drowning” of reef ecosystems and a decline of the shallow water environments to which they were confined (Feist, 1991, 1995). The latest Frasnian Kellwasser Event, though not by itself responsible for the demise of Frasnian trilobites, was the “coup de grâce” for many families. This event and its effects on trilobites have been the focus of investigations at various sections located in Germany, France, Morocco and NW Australia, among other countries (e.g. Becker et al., 1989; Feist & Schindler, 1994; Feist, 2002; McNamara & Feist, 2016). Frasnian trilobites from Belgium were described mainly in the monograph on Late Devonian trilobites of Richter & Richter (1926) and in van Viersen & Bignon (2011) and van Viersen & Prescher (2011). Bignon & Cronier (2015) analysed faunal dynamics of Devonian trilobites from Belgium and northern France and recognised two poorly diversified associations in the Frasnian: the Scutellum–Goldius association which they considered to be restricted to reef environments, and the Bradocryphaeus association (Bradocryphaeus, Otarion, Heliopyge) of Cronier & van Viersen (2007) which occurs in lateral shales and limestones below fair-weather","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77426194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L’activite sismotectonique dans l‘Est de la Belgique : l’interet d’un escarpement majeur et de deux glissements de terrain dans la region de Malmedy. Les marqueurs geomorphologiques, tels que les escarpements, les detournements de rivieres et les ruptures de pente, peuvent etre utilises comme indicateurs indirects de l'activite neotectonique d'une region. Cette etude se concentre sur la region de Malmedy-Beverce, dans l’Est de la Belgique, ou des structures geomorphologiques, autrefois inconnues, ont ete decouvertes recemment, dans le cadre de la derniere campagne de cartographie geologique. La region se caracterise par des pentes douces a localement tres raides le long de la vallee de la Warche, traversant le massif de Stavelot et le graben de Malmedy. Couple a une analyse d'imagerie LiDAR-DEM et drone, la cartographie de terrain a revele un escarpement abrupt s'etendant pres de deux ruptures de pente sur les versants sud de la vallee de la Warche, a proximite du village de Beverce. Les instabilites de pente se sont developpees dans le conglomerat permien, connu sous le nom du Poudingue de Malmedy (ou Formation de Malmedy), qui represente le remplissage sedimentaire fluviatile du Graben de Malmedy. Avec une direction N330°E, l’escarpement en question est quasiment perpendiculaire aux structures connues dans le graben, mais parallele a l’orientation de la Zone de Faille de Hockai sismiquement active qui traverse la region de Malmedy a cet endroit. Dans cet article, nous presentons d’abord le contexte geologique et geomorphologique de l’escarpement et des glissements de terrain. Ensuite, nous montrons les resultats d’une campagne geophysique (comportant deux profils sismiques et deux profils electriques) qui a ete realisee sur ces structures. Les profils geophysiques obtenus montrent un deplacement vertical des couches sismiques ainsi que des changements lateraux des resistivites a travers de l’escarpement. Une zone de faible resistivite a pu etre observee a l’interieur de cet escarpement, ainsi que dans le plus grand des deux glissements de terrain, exactement dans le prolongement de l'escarpement. Toutes ces observations sont indicatrices de la presence d’une faille importante, probablement sismiquement active, faisant partie du bord est de la Zone de Faille de Hockai.
比利时东部的地震构造活动:马尔梅迪地区一次大陡坡和两次滑坡的兴趣。地貌标志，如陡坡、河流改道和斜坡断裂，可以作为一个地区新构造活动的间接指标。这项研究的重点是比利时东部的Malmedy-Beverce地区，在那里，作为最后一次地质测绘活动的一部分，最近发现了以前未知的地貌构造。该地区的特点是沿着vallee de La Warche，穿过Stavelot地块和Malmedy地堑，有平缓到局部非常陡峭的斜坡。Couple使用激光雷达- dem和无人机图像分析，地形地图显示，在贝弗斯村附近的Warche山谷南坡的两个斜坡断裂附近，有一个陡峭的陡坡。在二叠纪砾岩中出现了斜坡不稳定性，该砾岩被称为Malmedy Poudingue(或Malmedy Formation)，代表了Malmedy地堑的河流沉积充填。该悬崖的方向为N330°E，几乎垂直于地堑中已知的构造，但与横跨马尔梅迪地区的Hockai地震活动断层带的方向平行。在本文中，我们首先介绍了悬崖和滑坡的地质和地貌背景。然后，我们展示了在这些结构上进行的地球物理活动(包括两个地震剖面和两个电剖面)的结果。获得的地球物理剖面显示了地震层的垂直位移和抵抗力在整个悬崖上的横向变化。在悬崖内部观察到一个低阻力区，在两次滑坡中较大的一次，就在悬崖的延伸处。所有这些观测结果都表明，在Hockai断层带的东部边缘存在一个重要的、可能是地震活动的断层。
{"title":"Seismotectonic activity in East Belgium: relevance of a major scarp and two associated landslides in the region of Malmedy","authors":"Anne-Sophie Mreyen, A. Demoulin, H. Havenith","doi":"10.20341/GB.2018.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2018.006","url":null,"abstract":"L’activite sismotectonique dans l‘Est de la Belgique : l’interet d’un escarpement majeur et de deux glissements de terrain dans la region de Malmedy. Les marqueurs geomorphologiques, tels que les escarpements, les detournements de rivieres et les ruptures de pente, peuvent etre utilises comme indicateurs indirects de l'activite neotectonique d'une region. Cette etude se concentre sur la region de Malmedy-Beverce, dans l’Est de la Belgique, ou des structures geomorphologiques, autrefois inconnues, ont ete decouvertes recemment, dans le cadre de la derniere campagne de cartographie geologique. La region se caracterise par des pentes douces a localement tres raides le long de la vallee de la Warche, traversant le massif de Stavelot et le graben de Malmedy. Couple a une analyse d'imagerie LiDAR-DEM et drone, la cartographie de terrain a revele un escarpement abrupt s'etendant pres de deux ruptures de pente sur les versants sud de la vallee de la Warche, a proximite du village de Beverce. Les instabilites de pente se sont developpees dans le conglomerat permien, connu sous le nom du Poudingue de Malmedy (ou Formation de Malmedy), qui represente le remplissage sedimentaire fluviatile du Graben de Malmedy. Avec une direction N330°E, l’escarpement en question est quasiment perpendiculaire aux structures connues dans le graben, mais parallele a l’orientation de la Zone de Faille de Hockai sismiquement active qui traverse la region de Malmedy a cet endroit. Dans cet article, nous presentons d’abord le contexte geologique et geomorphologique de l’escarpement et des glissements de terrain. Ensuite, nous montrons les resultats d’une campagne geophysique (comportant deux profils sismiques et deux profils electriques) qui a ete realisee sur ces structures. Les profils geophysiques obtenus montrent un deplacement vertical des couches sismiques ainsi que des changements lateraux des resistivites a travers de l’escarpement. Une zone de faible resistivite a pu etre observee a l’interieur de cet escarpement, ainsi que dans le plus grand des deux glissements de terrain, exactement dans le prolongement de l'escarpement. Toutes ces observations sont indicatrices de la presence d’une faille importante, probablement sismiquement active, faisant partie du bord est de la Zone de Faille de Hockai.","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75218440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul Picavet, S. Reniere, V. Cnudde, W. Clercq, R. Dreesen, G. Fronteau, E. Goemaere, E. Hartoch
For some years, a French-Belgian team of archaeologists and geologists is investigating the provenance of ancient quern-stones and millstones. Their study revealed the frequent occurrence of particular coarse sandstones derived from Lower Devonian strata in the Ardenne region, known as either the textquotedblleftArkose of Haybestextquotedblright by geologists or the textquotedblleftArkose of Macquenoisetextquotedblright by archaeologists. Material for Late Iron Age and Roman quern-stones and millstones was quarried from open pits located west of the border between France and Belgium, between the Belgian village of Macquenoise (Commune of Momignies, Province of Hainaut) and the French town of Hirson (Aisne Department, Hauts-de-France region). This paper describes the raw materials, presents the different types of grindstones produced through historical times and provides a detailed diffusion map of the millstones.
{"title":"The Macquenoise sandstone (Devonian – Lochkovian), a suitable raw material for ancient querns and millstones: quarries, properties, manufacture and distribution in France and Belgium","authors":"Paul Picavet, S. Reniere, V. Cnudde, W. Clercq, R. Dreesen, G. Fronteau, E. Goemaere, E. Hartoch","doi":"10.20341/GB.2018.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2018.002","url":null,"abstract":"For some years, a French-Belgian team of archaeologists and geologists is investigating the provenance of ancient quern-stones and millstones. Their study revealed the frequent occurrence of particular coarse sandstones derived from Lower Devonian strata in the Ardenne region, known as either the textquotedblleftArkose of Haybestextquotedblright by geologists or the textquotedblleftArkose of Macquenoisetextquotedblright by archaeologists. Material for Late Iron Age and Roman quern-stones and millstones was quarried from open pits located west of the border between France and Belgium, between the Belgian village of Macquenoise (Commune of Momignies, Province of Hainaut) and the French town of Hirson (Aisne Department, Hauts-de-France region). This paper describes the raw materials, presents the different types of grindstones produced through historical times and provides a detailed diffusion map of the millstones.","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78539421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael A. Pointon, D. Chew, B. Delcambre, G. Sevastopulo
1. Introduction Several clay-rich horizons interbedded with Mississippian (Visean) limestones in the Namur-Dinant Basin (NDB), Belgium, are interpreted to be diagenetically altered volcanic ash layers based on their lateral continuity, clay mineralogy and heavy mineral assemblages (e.g. Thorez & Pirlet, 1979; Delcambre, 1989, 1996). Whilst several aspects of these clay horizons have been studied in detail, their original (unaltered) volcanic composition and the location(s) of the source volcanoes are not well constrained. The whole-rock geochemistry of altered volcanic rocks such as bentonites and tonsteins has been employed in several other studies to gain information about the composition of the original (unaltered) ash layers and ultimately the magma from which they were derived (e.g. Spears & Kanaris-Sotiriou, 1979; Merriman & Roberts, 1990; Huff et al., 1993; Christidis et al., 1995). The major elements, which are routinely used to classify fresh or slightly altered volcanic rocks, are of limited use when classifying extensively altered volcanic rocks because several elements, including K and Na, are known to be mobile during weathering and diagenesis (Winchester & Floyd, 1977; Floyd & Winchester, 1978; Zielinski, 1982; Christidis, 1998). Instead, the classification of altered volcanic rocks relies on trace elements including Ti, the high-field-strength elements (HFSE) Hf, Nb, Ta, Zr and the rare-earth elements, which are generally considered to be immobile during most u
{"title":"Geochemistry and origin of Carboniferous (Mississippian; Viséan) bentonites in the Namur-Dinant Basin, Belgium: evidence for a Variscan volcanic source","authors":"Michael A. Pointon, D. Chew, B. Delcambre, G. Sevastopulo","doi":"10.20341/GB.2017.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2017.011","url":null,"abstract":"1. Introduction Several clay-rich horizons interbedded with Mississippian (Visean) limestones in the Namur-Dinant Basin (NDB), Belgium, are interpreted to be diagenetically altered volcanic ash layers based on their lateral continuity, clay mineralogy and heavy mineral assemblages (e.g. Thorez & Pirlet, 1979; Delcambre, 1989, 1996). Whilst several aspects of these clay horizons have been studied in detail, their original (unaltered) volcanic composition and the location(s) of the source volcanoes are not well constrained. The whole-rock geochemistry of altered volcanic rocks such as bentonites and tonsteins has been employed in several other studies to gain information about the composition of the original (unaltered) ash layers and ultimately the magma from which they were derived (e.g. Spears & Kanaris-Sotiriou, 1979; Merriman & Roberts, 1990; Huff et al., 1993; Christidis et al., 1995). The major elements, which are routinely used to classify fresh or slightly altered volcanic rocks, are of limited use when classifying extensively altered volcanic rocks because several elements, including K and Na, are known to be mobile during weathering and diagenesis (Winchester & Floyd, 1977; Floyd & Winchester, 1978; Zielinski, 1982; Christidis, 1998). Instead, the classification of altered volcanic rocks relies on trace elements including Ti, the high-field-strength elements (HFSE) Hf, Nb, Ta, Zr and the rare-earth elements, which are generally considered to be immobile during most u","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82300183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1. Introduction This work follows up former papers dedicated to major boreholes in Belgian Lorraine and Grand Duchy of Luxembourg: the Latour borehole (Boulvain & Monteyne, 1993, revised by Boulvain et al., 1995), the Neulimont, Aubange, Saint-Mard and Toernich boreholes (Boulvain et al., 1995), the Villers-devant-Orval borehole (Boulvain et al., 1996) and more recently, the Bonnert, Haebicht, Grouft, Grund, and Consdorf boreholes (Boulvain et al., 2017). These studies, together with data resulting from the geological mapping project for Wallonia (Belanger et al., 2002; Ghysel et al., 2002; Belanger, 2006 a, b; Ghysel & Belanger, 2006) led to a synthesis formalized by a new lithostratigraphical scheme for Belgian Lorraine (Boulvain et al., 2001 a, b). Besides stratigraphical data, the boreholes survey provided results for petrography, clay mineralogy, palynology and paleontology (Boulvain et al., 2001a; Boulvain et al., 2017). The purpose of the current work is (1) to suggest a new status for the Hondelange Formation, formerly considered as a member of the Arlon Formation (Boulvain et al., 2001b) and (2) by synthetizing all the information acquired from the boreholes and outcrops, to propose a sequence stratigraphic interpretation for the Triassic and Jurassic of Belgian Lorraine and border areas. 2. Geological setting The studied Triassic to Jurassic successions are confined to the south eastern part of Belgium, i.e. the Belgian Lorraine and to the Guttland region of G.-D. o
1. 这项工作是继以前专门研究比利时洛林和卢森堡大公国主要钻孔的论文之后进行的:Latour钻孔(Boulvain和Monteyne, 1993年，由Boulvain等人修订，1995年)，Neulimont, Aubange, Saint-Mard和Toernich钻孔(Boulvain等人，1995年)，Villers-devant-Orval钻孔(Boulvain等人，1996年)以及最近的Bonnert, Haebicht, Grouft, Grund和condorf钻孔(Boulvain等人，2017年)。这些研究，连同瓦隆尼亚地质测绘项目的数据(Belanger et al.， 2002;Ghysel等人，2002;Belanger, 2006 a, b;Ghysel & Belanger, 2006)为比利时洛林提供了一种新的岩石地层方案(Boulvain et al.， 2001a, b)。除了地层数据，钻孔调查还提供了岩石学、粘土矿物学、孢粉学和古生物学的结果(Boulvain et al.， 2001a;Boulvain et al.， 2017)。本工作的目的是:(1)提出Hondelange组的新地位，该组以前被认为是Arlon组的成员(Boulvain et al.， 2001b);(2)综合所有钻孔和露头资料，提出比利时洛林及边境地区三叠系和侏罗系的层序地层解释。2. 研究的三叠纪至侏罗纪演替仅限于比利时东南部，即比利时洛林和g - d的Guttland地区。o
{"title":"The Hondelange Formation and the sequence stratigraphic model of Belgian Lorraine","authors":"F. Boulvain, I. Belanger","doi":"10.20341/GB.2018.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20341/GB.2018.004","url":null,"abstract":"1. Introduction This work follows up former papers dedicated to major boreholes in Belgian Lorraine and Grand Duchy of Luxembourg: the Latour borehole (Boulvain & Monteyne, 1993, revised by Boulvain et al., 1995), the Neulimont, Aubange, Saint-Mard and Toernich boreholes (Boulvain et al., 1995), the Villers-devant-Orval borehole (Boulvain et al., 1996) and more recently, the Bonnert, Haebicht, Grouft, Grund, and Consdorf boreholes (Boulvain et al., 2017). These studies, together with data resulting from the geological mapping project for Wallonia (Belanger et al., 2002; Ghysel et al., 2002; Belanger, 2006 a, b; Ghysel & Belanger, 2006) led to a synthesis formalized by a new lithostratigraphical scheme for Belgian Lorraine (Boulvain et al., 2001 a, b). Besides stratigraphical data, the boreholes survey provided results for petrography, clay mineralogy, palynology and paleontology (Boulvain et al., 2001a; Boulvain et al., 2017). The purpose of the current work is (1) to suggest a new status for the Hondelange Formation, formerly considered as a member of the Arlon Formation (Boulvain et al., 2001b) and (2) by synthetizing all the information acquired from the boreholes and outcrops, to propose a sequence stratigraphic interpretation for the Triassic and Jurassic of Belgian Lorraine and border areas. 2. Geological setting The studied Triassic to Jurassic successions are confined to the south eastern part of Belgium, i.e. the Belgian Lorraine and to the Guttland region of G.-D. o","PeriodicalId":12812,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77562932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Delsate, X. Pereda-Suberbiola, R. Felten, Gilles Felten
Le premier Dinosaure thyreophore du Jurassique moyen (Bajocien) du Grand-Duche de Luxembourg. Un osteoderme isole de dinosaure provenant de la carriere d’Ottange-Rumelange (Cimalux, auparavant Intermoselle) du Grand-Duche de Luxembourg est ici decrit. Le fossile a ete trouve dans des depots marno-calcaires des “Marnes sableuses d’Audun-le-Tiche”, d’âge Jurassique moyen (Zone Humphriesianum, Bajocien inferieur). Les depots correspondent a un environnement marin ouvert qui a fourni une faune abondante et variee, comprenant invertebres, actinopterygiens, hybodontes, neoselaciens, chimeres et reptiles marins. L’osteoderme, ovale et portant une quille basse, en forme de toit, est identifie comme etant un ecusson dermique d’un thyreophore. Il pourrait appartenir a un thyreophore basal ou, plus provisoirement, a un des premiers ankylosaures. Le specimen provient probablement d’une carcasse flottante qui a derive sur une certaine distance depuis la terre ferme. L’ecusson dermique de la carriere d’Ottange-Rumelange represente le deuxieme dinosaure decrit jusqu’a present au Luxembourg et le premier trouve dans le Bajocien. D’autre part, il s’agit d’une des rares decouvertes de dinosaures thyreophores non-stegosauriens dans le Jurassique moyen.
卢森堡大公国中侏罗纪(bajocian)的第一只甲状旁腺恐龙。这里描述了来自卢森堡大公国ottange - rumelange采石场(Cimalux，以前是Intermoselle)的恐龙骨骼。该化石是在中侏罗纪(Humphriesianum带，下bajocian)的“audun - Le - tiche砂泥灰岩”的泥灰岩沉积物中发现的。这些沉积物对应着一个开放的海洋环境，提供了丰富多样的动物群，包括无脊椎动物、放线菌、下齿动物、新塞拉亚动物、奇美拉动物和海洋爬行动物。骨皮呈椭圆形，有一个较低的龙骨，呈屋顶状，被认为是甲状腺肿的皮瓣。它可能属于基底甲状腺，或者，更暂时的，属于最早的甲龙之一。标本可能来自一具漂浮的尸体，它从陆地上漂流了一段距离。ottange - rumelange采石场的皮肤覆盖是迄今为止在卢森堡描述的第二种恐龙，也是在bajocian发现的第一种恐龙。此外，它是中侏罗纪发现的少数非剑龙甲状腺肿恐龙之一。
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