A. M. S. Ahamed, Fonseka R.M.R, M. Begum, A. Sourour, M. Dixon
Objective: To investigate fertilization, blastocyst formation, and implantation rates in recurrent pregnancy loss patients when Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) enriched media is used for embryo culture and Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET). Methods: Embryos from 48 IVF cycles were cultured in either G-TL or Sage 1 Step GM-CSF with HSA prior to vitrification on day 5 or 6. On the day of FET, all embryos were thawed and placed in Sage 1 Step GM-CSF with HSA for 2 hours prior to transfer. Implantation was determined two weeks after each FET through serum hCG tests, with levels > 5mIU/mL considered successful implantation. Results: The implantation rate of embryos cultured in G-TL and transferred in GM-CSF enriched media was 51.85%. When embryos were placed in GM-CSF enriched media for embryo culture and transfer, fertilization rate, blastocyst formation, and implantation rates were 80.2%, 46.6%, and 71% respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the use of GM-CSF media for embryo culture and transfer lead to promising implantation rates.
{"title":"Promising Implantation Rate When Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony- Stimulating Factor Used for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Patients","authors":"A. M. S. Ahamed, Fonseka R.M.R, M. Begum, A. Sourour, M. Dixon","doi":"10.33425/2639-9342.1094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1094","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate fertilization, blastocyst formation, and implantation rates in recurrent pregnancy loss patients when Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) enriched media is used for embryo culture and Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET). Methods: Embryos from 48 IVF cycles were cultured in either G-TL or Sage 1 Step GM-CSF with HSA prior to vitrification on day 5 or 6. On the day of FET, all embryos were thawed and placed in Sage 1 Step GM-CSF with HSA for 2 hours prior to transfer. Implantation was determined two weeks after each FET through serum hCG tests, with levels > 5mIU/mL considered successful implantation. Results: The implantation rate of embryos cultured in G-TL and transferred in GM-CSF enriched media was 51.85%. When embryos were placed in GM-CSF enriched media for embryo culture and transfer, fertilization rate, blastocyst formation, and implantation rates were 80.2%, 46.6%, and 71% respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the use of GM-CSF media for embryo culture and transfer lead to promising implantation rates.","PeriodicalId":12828,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology & reproductive health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77365521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preoperative Stratification in Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Can POP-Q Measurements Predict Surgical Outcome?","authors":"G. Levy, Anat Beck, A. From, H. Krissi","doi":"10.33425/2639-9342.1093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1093","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12828,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology & reproductive health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83597558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Salifou, M. Vodouhè, Awade Afoukou Achille Obossou, C Kitcho, F. Hounkponou, R SidiImorou
{"title":"Placenta Previa: Factors Associated and Prognosis in The Maternity Ward of Borgou UHC","authors":"K. Salifou, M. Vodouhè, Awade Afoukou Achille Obossou, C Kitcho, F. Hounkponou, R SidiImorou","doi":"10.33425/2639-9342.1086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1086","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12828,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology & reproductive health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81880726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There significant improvement has been seen in the pregnancy outcome, in the introduction of many ovarian stimulation protocols. The use of pituitary down regulation protocol gives better result in the quality and number of oocytes which leads to more Embryos and more Embryos to be freezed for transfer to the patient uterus latter. From literature we found that pregnancy outcome in minimal stimulation protocol gives almost the same result, especially in advanced patients age with less side effect. In our study on 1652 patients who admitted for ICSI and started their ovarian stimulation by HMG or FSH without pituitary down regulation protocol. This protocol gives the pregnancy outcome same as in the other protocols with less side effects and low coast.
{"title":"Non-Pituitary Down Regulation Protocol for Ovulation Induction in ART (IVF & ICSI)","authors":"Elmahaishi Asma, Zawawa Alia, el-Belely Ms","doi":"10.33425/2639-9342.1087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1087","url":null,"abstract":"There significant improvement has been seen in the pregnancy outcome, in the introduction of many ovarian stimulation protocols. The use of pituitary down regulation protocol gives better result in the quality and number of oocytes which leads to more Embryos and more Embryos to be freezed for transfer to the patient uterus latter. From literature we found that pregnancy outcome in minimal stimulation protocol gives almost the same result, especially in advanced patients age with less side effect. In our study on 1652 patients who admitted for ICSI and started their ovarian stimulation by HMG or FSH without pituitary down regulation protocol. This protocol gives the pregnancy outcome same as in the other protocols with less side effects and low coast.","PeriodicalId":12828,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology & reproductive health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78288575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Purists Over the past twenty-five years, a rupture has emerged between what I will term ‘gynecological purists’ and ‘gynecological futurists’. Members of the orthodox camp (the ‘purists’) maintain the existence of the uterus, the reality of oophorectomy, and, ultimately, the hope that we shall all one day die and be admitted to the RCOG. The futurists reject each of these three claims, offering instead the vision of a bleak universe in which there is no uterus, no possibility of oophorectomy, and nothing on the other side of death. In this paper, I will argue that the purists and the futurists represent two sides of the same coin, though they fail to recognise the fact. While gynecologists have spent the past two-and-a-half decades debating the eternal, I have been constructing a new branch of gynecology which returns to more central questions: how are we to live? Is there such a thing as truth? And, if so, can we know it?
{"title":"Unrelenting Gynecological Conflict: Isn't It Time We All Got Along?","authors":"Joseph Miller","doi":"10.33425/2639-9342.1088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1088","url":null,"abstract":"The Purists Over the past twenty-five years, a rupture has emerged between what I will term ‘gynecological purists’ and ‘gynecological futurists’. Members of the orthodox camp (the ‘purists’) maintain the existence of the uterus, the reality of oophorectomy, and, ultimately, the hope that we shall all one day die and be admitted to the RCOG. The futurists reject each of these three claims, offering instead the vision of a bleak universe in which there is no uterus, no possibility of oophorectomy, and nothing on the other side of death. In this paper, I will argue that the purists and the futurists represent two sides of the same coin, though they fail to recognise the fact. While gynecologists have spent the past two-and-a-half decades debating the eternal, I have been constructing a new branch of gynecology which returns to more central questions: how are we to live? Is there such a thing as truth? And, if so, can we know it?","PeriodicalId":12828,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology & reproductive health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86369781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cervical Cancer: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Screening among Women in Bongo District of the Upper East Region of Ghana","authors":"R Kwarase, D Adu-kyere, Der Em","doi":"10.33425/2639-9342.1090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12828,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology & reproductive health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83420112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatma S. Abad, Xiaoying Tan, B. V. Rijn, B. Birch, A. Cooper, B. Lwaleed
Pre-eclampsia (P-EC) is a major cause of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Despite intensive research, its aetiology remains poorly understood. However, underlying maternal cardiovascular risk factors are thought to be implicated. Changes in the maternal vasculature and coagulation profile may predispose women with P-EC to subsequent adverse cardiovascular consequences. Here we investigate the relationship between circulating levels of haemostatic factors and inflammatory cytokines in women with a previous history of P-EC. The participents included 26 women who had had P-EC within the last three years and were more than 6 months postpartum and 14 age-matched healthy women with no past history of P-EC. Blood was collected and assayed for plasma IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-10, Tissue Factor (TF) and TF-Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI), using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays. Individually, plasma TF, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels increased in the P-EC group compared with their normal counterparts, whereas plasma TFPI and TNF-α level were reduced. Plasma TF/TFPI ratios and IL-10 values were significantly increased in the P-EC group compared with controls (p<0.05, p<0.01, respectively). There were positive and significant correlations between TFPI and IL-10 (r= 0.5; p<0.01) and TF/TFPI ratio and IL-10 (r= 0.31; p<0.041), and between IL-6 and TNF-α (r=0.71; p<0.001) and IL-6 and IL-10 (r=0.42; p<0.01). In conclusion, our results suggest the presence of elevated inflammatory cytokines and an imbalance of the haemostatic system in women with a past-history of P-EC, which may contribute to the known increased risk of cardiovascular disease in these women later in life.
{"title":"Inflammatory and Haemostatic Changes Following Pre-eclampsia: Potential Link with Development of Subsequent Cardiovascular Events?","authors":"Fatma S. Abad, Xiaoying Tan, B. V. Rijn, B. Birch, A. Cooper, B. Lwaleed","doi":"10.33425/2639-9342.1089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1089","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-eclampsia (P-EC) is a major cause of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Despite intensive\u0000research, its aetiology remains poorly understood. However, underlying maternal cardiovascular risk factors are\u0000thought to be implicated. Changes in the maternal vasculature and coagulation profile may predispose women\u0000with P-EC to subsequent adverse cardiovascular consequences. Here we investigate the relationship between\u0000circulating levels of haemostatic factors and inflammatory cytokines in women with a previous history of P-EC.\u0000The participents included 26 women who had had P-EC within the last three years and were more than 6 months\u0000postpartum and 14 age-matched healthy women with no past history of P-EC. Blood was collected and assayed for\u0000plasma IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-10, Tissue Factor (TF) and TF-Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI), using Enzyme-Linked\u0000Immunosorbent Assays.\u0000Individually, plasma TF, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels increased in the P-EC group compared with their normal\u0000counterparts, whereas plasma TFPI and TNF-α level were reduced. Plasma TF/TFPI ratios and IL-10 values\u0000were significantly increased in the P-EC group compared with controls (p<0.05, p<0.01, respectively). There were\u0000positive and significant correlations between TFPI and IL-10 (r= 0.5; p<0.01) and TF/TFPI ratio and IL-10 (r=\u00000.31; p<0.041), and between IL-6 and TNF-α (r=0.71; p<0.001) and IL-6 and IL-10 (r=0.42; p<0.01).\u0000In conclusion, our results suggest the presence of elevated inflammatory cytokines and an imbalance of the\u0000haemostatic system in women with a past-history of P-EC, which may contribute to the known increased risk of\u0000cardiovascular disease in these women later in life.","PeriodicalId":12828,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology & reproductive health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86227255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Valère, E. Henri, Eta Vivian Enow Ayamba, Tebeu Pierre Marie
Background: Introduction: Eighty-five per cent of new cervical cancer cases in the world were recorded in developing countries in 2018. Implementation anti-HPV vaccine can prevent HPV infection by more than 90%. In Cameroon, the incidence of CC is 100 cases/100000 women and 27% of female adolescent have risky sexual behavior. The aim was to assess sexual behavior and the rate of vaccination against HPV in urban and rural secondary school girls in a country a high incidence and mortality due to CC. Method: It was a Knowledges Attitude and Practice study conducted in 10 secondary schools in the capital city of Yaoundé, and the rural town of Ndikinemeki including female students only. Results: Among the 1313 respondents, (30.4%) students were sexually active, the youngest age of first sexual intercourse was 12 and 14 years in urban and rural secondary school respectively. Oral or anal intercourse were occasional in urban area schools. The knowledge on HPV vaccine were bad but the acceptability was good although only 0.8% received occasional HPV vaccine. Conclusion: Large scale sensitization and affordability of HPV-vaccine should be implemented in order to reduce the coming incidence of CC.
{"title":"Female Secondary School Students Sexual Exposure, Anti HPV Vaccine Awareness and Practice in High Cervical Cancer Prevalence Environment","authors":"M. Valère, E. Henri, Eta Vivian Enow Ayamba, Tebeu Pierre Marie","doi":"10.33425/2639-9342.1085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1085","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Introduction: Eighty-five per cent of new cervical cancer cases in the world were recorded in developing countries in 2018. Implementation anti-HPV vaccine can prevent HPV infection by more than 90%. In Cameroon, the incidence of CC is 100 cases/100000 women and 27% of female adolescent have risky sexual behavior. The aim was to assess sexual behavior and the rate of vaccination against HPV in urban and rural secondary school girls in a country a high incidence and mortality due to CC. Method: It was a Knowledges Attitude and Practice study conducted in 10 secondary schools in the capital city of Yaoundé, and the rural town of Ndikinemeki including female students only. Results: Among the 1313 respondents, (30.4%) students were sexually active, the youngest age of first sexual intercourse was 12 and 14 years in urban and rural secondary school respectively. Oral or anal intercourse were occasional in urban area schools. The knowledge on HPV vaccine were bad but the acceptability was good although only 0.8% received occasional HPV vaccine. Conclusion: Large scale sensitization and affordability of HPV-vaccine should be implemented in order to reduce the coming incidence of CC.","PeriodicalId":12828,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology & reproductive health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79159119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. AlmovaIndira, G. KhilkevichElena, Asaturova Alexandra, Zaitsev Nikon, D. ChupryninVladimir
Objective: To study the clinical and morphological features in patients with retrocervical endometriosis. Material and Methods: In National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Health of Russia, In the period from 2016 to 2018, 120 patients with retrocervical endometriosis were examined and operated on. Patients were divided into 4 subgroups. The extent of retrocervical endometriosis was established according to the gynecological examination (bimanual and rectovaginal examination), ultrasound, MRI, laparoscopy and histological examination of biopsy material. The Results of the Study: clinical manifestations of retrocervical endometriosis are diverse. High frequency of pain syndrome (pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dyschesia) and infertility in women with external genital endometriosis is an important diagnostic criterion for the disease and determine the indications for laparoscopy. Clinical manifestations of endometriosis, morphologically, can be characterized by in situ factors, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, destruction and / or proliferation of the nerve ganglia and perineural growth of heterotopies. Conclusion: patients with RCA need a comprehensive examination, the final stage of which is laparoscopy, removal of all visible endometriotic foci, elimination of adhesive adhesions in the pelvis, followed by morphological study of ectopic foci.
{"title":"Clinical and Morphological Features of Retrocervical Endometriosis","authors":"K. AlmovaIndira, G. KhilkevichElena, Asaturova Alexandra, Zaitsev Nikon, D. ChupryninVladimir","doi":"10.33425/2639-9342.1081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1081","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study the clinical and morphological features in patients with retrocervical endometriosis. Material and Methods: In National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Health of Russia, In the period from 2016 to 2018, 120 patients with retrocervical endometriosis were examined and operated on. Patients were divided into 4 subgroups. The extent of retrocervical endometriosis was established according to the gynecological examination (bimanual and rectovaginal examination), ultrasound, MRI, laparoscopy and histological examination of biopsy material. The Results of the Study: clinical manifestations of retrocervical endometriosis are diverse. High frequency of pain syndrome (pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dyschesia) and infertility in women with external genital endometriosis is an important diagnostic criterion for the disease and determine the indications for laparoscopy. Clinical manifestations of endometriosis, morphologically, can be characterized by in situ factors, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, destruction and / or proliferation of the nerve ganglia and perineural growth of heterotopies. Conclusion: patients with RCA need a comprehensive examination, the final stage of which is laparoscopy, removal of all visible endometriotic foci, elimination of adhesive adhesions in the pelvis, followed by morphological study of ectopic foci.","PeriodicalId":12828,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology & reproductive health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78719500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
What is Hypertension? Hypertension as defined by World Health Organization is blood pressure (BP) equal to or greater than 140/90 mm Hg, whereas normal and optimal levels are 130/85 mm Hg and 120/80 mm Hg, respectively [1,2]. Recently, American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association have revised the criteria for diagnosis and management of BP. Normal BP is less than 120/80 mm Hg and is considered elevated when it rises above this value. Stage I hypertension is defined as systolic BP of 130-139 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP of 80-89 mm Hg, while stage II is when BP is equal or higher than 140/90 mm Hg [3]. Hypertension is one of the known major risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
什么是高血压?世界卫生组织对高血压的定义是血压(BP)等于或大于140/90 mm Hg，而正常和最佳水平分别为130/85 mm Hg和120/80 mm Hg[1,2]。最近，美国心脏病学会和美国心脏协会修订了BP的诊断和治疗标准。正常血压小于120/80 mm Hg，高于此值视为血压升高。I期高血压定义为收缩压130- 139mmhg和/或舒张压80- 89mmhg, II期高血压定义为血压等于或高于140/ 90mmhg[3]。高血压是已知的心血管疾病的主要危险因素之一。
{"title":"An Overview of Hypertension in Pregnancy: Risk to the Mother and the Fetus","authors":"Hamza Rana, A. Hameed","doi":"10.33425/2639-9342.1082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1082","url":null,"abstract":"What is Hypertension? Hypertension as defined by World Health Organization is blood pressure (BP) equal to or greater than 140/90 mm Hg, whereas normal and optimal levels are 130/85 mm Hg and 120/80 mm Hg, respectively [1,2]. Recently, American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association have revised the criteria for diagnosis and management of BP. Normal BP is less than 120/80 mm Hg and is considered elevated when it rises above this value. Stage I hypertension is defined as systolic BP of 130-139 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP of 80-89 mm Hg, while stage II is when BP is equal or higher than 140/90 mm Hg [3]. Hypertension is one of the known major risk factors for cardiovascular disease.","PeriodicalId":12828,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology & reproductive health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83793746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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