Gynecology & reproductive health最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Male Aging on Semen Parameters","authors":"A. Yurci, N. Gungor","doi":"10.33425/2639-9342.1148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1148","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To investigate the effect of increasing male age on the semen parameters including semen volume, sperm concentration, and progressive sperm motility. Materials and Methods: 1038 patients who applied to our IVF clinic for semen analysis or for infertility treatment were included in the study. The participants were divided into three age categories as follows: 680 participants (65.5%) aged 22-30, 139 participants (13.4%) aged 31-45 years, and 219 participants (21.1%) aged ≥45 years. Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics were recorded. The variables considered in this study were age and the following semen parameters: volume (ml); sperm concentration (millions/ml); and progressive sperm motility A+B (%). Normal semen values were defined based on the WHO criteria (World Health Organization, 2010). Results: The mean age of the participants was 33.1(± 4.8). The mean BMI of the participants was 24.1(± 2.8). The mean semen volume was 3.3 (± 1.5), the mean semen concentration was 43.6 (± 31.7), and the mean progressive sperm motility was 43.6 (± 10.1). There was a moderate negative correlation between paternal age and semen volume (r=-0.13) and sperm motility (r=-0.32), while there was a moderate positive correlation between paternal age and sperm concentration (r=0.24). The proportion of likelihood ratio measured between semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility and age was found to be 1 in patients between the ages of 22-30. The 22-30 age group does not have a decreasing or increasing effect on semen volume (OR: 1), sperm concentration (OR: 1) and motility (OR: 1). Regression analysis of patients in the 31-45 age group revealed no change in semen volume (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.43-2.3, p <0.9), but an increase in sperm concentration (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.13-2.7, p <0.01), and decreased sperm motility (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.16-0.47, p <0.00). In the regression analysis of participants over the age of 45, semen volume (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.19-0.53, p <0.00) and sperm motility (OR: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.03-0.08, p <0.00) decreased with age. No change was detected in the concentration (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.63- 1.2, p <0.3). Conclusion: With increasing male age, semen volume and sperm motility begin to decrease. However, a significant decrease in sperm concentration does not occur until the age of 45.","PeriodicalId":12828,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology & reproductive health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72786296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Duration of Progesterone Treatment before Cryopreserved-Thawed Embryo Transfer","authors":"S. Ersahin, A. Erşahin","doi":"10.33425/2639-9342.1145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1145","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the optimal duration of progesterone therapy before cryopreserved-thawed embryo transfer and its impact on clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. Methods: Five hundreds women undergoing cryopreserved-thawed embryo transfer were included in the study. These patients had a total of 500 embryos frozen on day 3 (n = 200), day 4 (n = 100), day 5 (n = 150) and day 6 (n = 50). Artificial endometrial preparation was successfully performed in all participants. If the endometrial thickness reached a minimum of 8 mm or in the presence of a triple-line view, the patients were divided into four different groups and each group into two subgroups according to the estimated duration of progesterone treatment to be used. Group 1 (n = 200): This group consisted of patients with day 3 embryo transfer. While 100 of 200 patients received embryo transfer after 3 days of progesterone treatment, the remaining 100 patients received embryo transfer after 4 days of progesterone treatment. Group 2 (n = 100): This group consisted of patients who underwent day 4 embryo transfer. While 50 of 100 patients had embryo transfer after 4 days of progesterone treatment, the remaining 50 patients received embryo transfer after 5 days of progesterone treatment. Group 3 (n = 150): This group consisted of patients who received day 5 embryo transfer. While 75 of 150 patients received embryo transfer after 5 days of progesterone treatment, the remaining 75 patients received embryo transfer after 6 days of progesterone treatment. Group 4 (n = 50): While 25 of 50 patients received embryo transfer after 6 days of progesterone treatment, the remaining 25 patients received embryo transfer after 7 days of progesterone treatment. The primary outcome measure of our study was to evaluate clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR), live birth rate (LBR) and miscarriage rate per pregnancy. Results: Clinical pregnancy rates were found in 50 of 100 (50%) cases who were given progesterone for 3 days. Of the 100 cases who were given progesterone for 4 days, 40 clinical pregnancy was detected (40%). Both OPR and LBR were found to be significantly lower in patients who received 4 days of progesterone treatment compared to those given 3 days. The rates of miscarraige (9.09%) in patients who received progesterone treatment for 4 days were significantly higher than those who received progesterone for 3 days (5.8%). In Group 2 both OPR and LBR were found to be significantly lower in patients who received 5 days of progesterone treatment compared to those given 4 days. The rate of miscarraige (25.0%) was significantly higher in patients who received progesterone treatment for 5 days compared to those who received progesterone for 4 days (33.3%). When 75 patients in group III who underwent embryo transfer on the fifth day and received progesterone treatment for 5 days and 75 patients who were given progesterone treatment for 6 days were evaluated in terms of CPR, OPR ","PeriodicalId":12828,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology & reproductive health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75163938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endometrial HOXA10 mRNA Expression in PCOS Patients at High Risk for Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome","authors":"A. Yurci, S. Ersahin","doi":"10.33425/2639-9342.1149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1149","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study was designed to determine whether the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) contributes to the subfertility in PCOS. Endometrial HOXA-10 mRNA expression, a well-characterized gene essential to endometrial receptivity, was evaluated in PCOS patients whose embryos are planned to be frozen due to the risk of OHSSS. Methods: Twent-five women with PCOS in high risk group for OHSS and age and BMI matched 25 non-PCOS infertile patients were included the study. Five fertile women were accepted as positive control. Following egg collection each group of subject underwent total embryo freezing. After the egg collection, endometrial sampling was performed with a pipella cannula from each gruop of participant and fertile control. Expression levels of HOXA-10 mRNA were determined by RT-PCR. Gene expression results are presented as Ct (cycle threshold), ΔCt, and ΔΔCt. Reults: Average ΔCt value of HOXA-10 mRNA in PCOS, non-PCOS and fertile groups were found to 5.88, 6.77, and 7.79 respectively. Compared to endometrial HOXA-10 mRNA levels of fertile cases, the HOXA-10 mRNA levels of the patients in the PCOS group were found to be significantly lower (ΔCt 7.79 vs. ΔCt 5.88, p<0.002). Similarly, endometrial HOXA-10 mRNA levels in the non-PCOS control group were significantly lower than the HOXA-10 mRNA levels in the fertile group (ΔCt 6.77 vs. ΔCt 7.79, p<0.001). HOXA-10 mRNA levels in endometrial samples taken from patients in the PCOS group were found to be significantly lower than the HOXA-10 mRNA levels in non-PCOS control group. Conclusions: HOXA-10 mRNA levels were found to be lower in PCOS patients with high risk for OHSS compared to both fertile and infertile patients without PCOS. OHSS risk in PCOS decreases endometrial HOXA-10 mRNA expression.","PeriodicalId":12828,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology & reproductive health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79435891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaesthetic Management of Parturient with Motor Neuron Disease for Caesarean Delivery: Case Report","authors":"B. Edem, M. Tobin, Khaled M.F. Elbeltagy","doi":"10.33425/2639-9342.1146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1146","url":null,"abstract":"Motor neuron disease (MND) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of unknown aetiology, which results in weakness of muscles of phonation, ambulation, deglutition and respiration. It has low prevalence but high disability and fatality. Death often follows respiratory failure. There is no known cure. It is extremely rare in pregnancy, but when it occurs, the respiratory compromise worsens and anaesthesia becomes challenging. There is no consensus yet on the choice of anaesthesia. We present a 29-year-old, 32-week parturient with MND who presented with severe dyspnea, orthopnea and was diagnosed with severe respiratory distress. She was admitted into ICU and given anticoagulant and steroid therapy. Sequential mini-dose combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia (CSE) was given and surgery performed in the semi-sitting position successfully. There was no deterioration of symptoms post anaesthesia. We conclude that CSE is adequate to manage parturient with MND who has severe orthopnea following respiratory muscle paresis.","PeriodicalId":12828,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology & reproductive health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74679459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Premature Babies Delivered by Assisted Reproductive Technology and Their Family Care Experience","authors":"Ruei-Yu Tsai, Chia-Shing Wang","doi":"10.33425/2639-9342.1147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1147","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the majority of couples who choose assisted reproductive technology (ART) have waited for and experienced the disappointment of natural conception. With the assistance of ART, they are finally able to “carry a baby to term.” This is wonderful for first-time parents. This case report involves a woman who delivered a premature baby weighing 1,520 g at 30+5 weeks using ART and her family care experience. During the period of care from October 23, 2016 to December 9, 2016, data were collected on this case through systemic assessment, clinical observation, and parental interview. Problems including gas exchange disorder, caregiver role tension, and the potential risk of parent-child attachment disorder were identified. In addition to providing appropriate medical care to maintain stable vital signs, we hoped to reduce the occurrence of comorbidities through a complete nursing assessment and comprehensive developmental care. We also attempted to build trust and to reduce parental anxiety and stress by providing relevant medical information and psychological support through active and proactive nursing care. The performance of “kangaroo care” with stable vital signs enhances parent-child attachment and a sense of involvement in the ongoing care of the infant. This strengthens the mother’s motivation and self-confidence in her caregiving role, enhances her sense of accomplishment as a mother, and promotes the growth and development of the infant after returning home. The weight of the infant reached 2,430 g before discharge. Before discharge, the mother was able to cite at least two caregiving skills and her eyes were no longer red from sobbing. We hoped that the parent-child attachment was well developed and that “kangaroo care” will assist the mother to face the future with a positive attitude after returning home. This article can be used as reference for nursing practitioners to improve the quality of care for premature babies.","PeriodicalId":12828,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology & reproductive health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83388381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent Miscarriage and Consanguinity among Omani Women– A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"Fatma Ali Said Al Hoqani, Wadha Al Ghafri, Saneya El tayeb, Y. A. Farsi, V. Gowri","doi":"10.33425/2639-9342.1141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1141","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to determine the prevalence of explained and unexplained recurrent miscarriages (RM) and to find out if there is a significant relationship between recurrent miscarriages and consanguinity. Methods: A cross sectional in which the cases group included all women with RM attending the outpatient clinic at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital from July 2006 to April 2012 and the controls group included women with no history of RM after matching them with cases for age (case to control ratio was 1:1). The main outcome measures were the prevalence of consanguinity in women with or without recurrent miscarriages. Results: During study period a total of 290 women with RM were seen. Of which, 150 (51.7%) women had unexplained RM. Control group with no history of RM were 300 women. Consanguinity rate among cases (49.5%) %) was less than the controls (52.7 %%). Both first cousin and second cousin marriages were more common in the controls than the cases and it was not statistically significant (p value 0.476, chi squared test). Conclusion: In this study we found that more than half of RM cases were unexplained and there was no significant association between RM and consanguinity.","PeriodicalId":12828,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology & reproductive health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79097300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Training “Boda-boda” Riders on Community-Based Referrals for Maternal Outcome: A Case of Busoga Region, Uganda","authors":"Kharim Muluya Mwebaza, J. Mugisha, P. Kithuka, K. R. Kibaara, David Muwanguzi Gangu, G. Otieno, Andre Yitambe","doi":"10.33425/2639-9342.1143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1143","url":null,"abstract":"Many pregnant mothers miss antenatal care attendance and health facility deliveries despite several interventions either due to knowledge gap on the benefits or lack of transport means to reach the health centre. Therefore, training of “boda-boda” (motor-cycle) riders in Busoga Region in Uganda was conducted to determine its effect on health facility-based deliveries. The study was a non-randomized control trial with intervention and control groups from selected health centers and communities in Busoga Region. Interventions included the training of boda-boda riders for 5 days to give them knowledge; with a six months follow-up to determine the impact of training. Questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Descriptive statistical analysis was computed for the quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data. Findings revealed improved knowledge of boda-boda riders on maternal referrals from 49.1% to 79.0% in the intervention arm compared to 43.8% to 45.2% in the control arm. Use of boda-boda transport by mothers improved from 0% to 70.5% in the intervention arm compared to only 0% to 51.2% in the control arm. Also, of the 70.5% of the mothers who used boda-boda transport, 69.4% were transported by trained boda-boda riders and only 30.6% by un-trained boda-boda riders. Apart from age (p=0.000; CI=2.785 – 53.284) and ownership of the motorcycle (p=0.002; CI=0.992 – 8.658), the rest of the socio-demographic determinants of health facility-based deliveries were not statistically significant. Age of boda-boda riders (25–34 years, p=0.000) and ownership of the play a pivotal role in the improvement of health facility-based deliveries. Training of boda-boda riders and other key stakeholders impacted on the community based maternal referrals in the study area.","PeriodicalId":12828,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology & reproductive health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88892616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Bio Energetic Metabolism in Children Born after Assisted Reproductive Technologies","authors":"Synenko V.V, Stoieva T.V, Bratkova L.B, Prokhorova S.V, Fedin M.V","doi":"10.33425/2639-9342.1144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1144","url":null,"abstract":"The features of the functioning of key enzymes of bio energetic metabolism in children born with the application of ART at different age periods. A cytochemical analysis of the activity of key mitochondrial enzymes was performed: succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), α- lycerophosphate dehydrogenase and α-GPDH. The material for the analysis was the buccal epithelium. The material was collected by scraping the epithelium from the inner surface of the cheek. The examined children were representatively distributed into age groups: 1st group - children of the first year old (38 children of the main and 20 children of the control group), 2nd group - from 1 to 3 years old (52 children of the main group and 20 children of the control group), 3rd group - from 4 to 7 years old (46 children of the main group and 20 children of the control group). The average age was 2.7 ± 1.9 years. Conclusion: The study of the activity of mitochondrial enzymes SDH and α-GPDH revealed the most pronounced deviations in the functioning of SDH in the group of children from 1 to 3 years old, which was associated with delayed physical development, allergic diseases, prematurity and diseases of the cardiovascular system. A decrease in the concentration of the enzyme GPDH was most expressed in the older group of children from 4 to 7 years old, and was associated with delayed physical development, Broncho-pulmonary diseases, prematurity, and diseases of the digestive system.","PeriodicalId":12828,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology & reproductive health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81501607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endometriosis and Adenomyosis Effect on IVF Outcome","authors":"Hend Allaw, A. B. Zetoune, M. Alhalabi","doi":"10.33425/2639-9342.1142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1142","url":null,"abstract":"Endometriosis is a very common debilitating disease that occurs in 6 to 10 percent of the general female population; in women with pain, infertility, or both, the frequency is 35–50%. Endometriosis is one of the most important causes of infertility. Our objective is to evaluate the effect of endometriosis and adenomyosis on IVF outcome (ongoing pregnancy). 65 women underwent In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and embryos transfer who had endometriosis with or without adenomyosis were recruited in this retrospective study, resulting in 53.8% had a successful IVF attempt (get pregnant). The highest success rate of IVF was in women who were in mild of endometriosis and IVF failure rate was increased mainly in women who were in severe endometriosis. So, the presence of adenomyosis affects IVF outcome and decreases the rate of implantation.","PeriodicalId":12828,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology & reproductive health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87822392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Hyperglycemia Induces Changes in Gene Expression and Morphology in Mouse Placentas.","authors":"Molly Eckmann,&nbsp;Quanhu Sheng,&nbsp;Scott Baldwin H,&nbsp;Rolanda L Lister","doi":"10.33425/2639-9342.1140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pregestational diabetes complicates one million pregnancies in the United States and is associated with placental dysfunction. Placental dysfunction can manifest as stillbirth, spontaneous abortions, fetal growth restriction, and preeclampsia in the mother. However, the underlying mechanisms of placental dysfunction are not well understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We hypothesize that maternal hyperglycemia disrupts cellular processes important for normal vascular development and function.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Hyperglycemia, defined as a non-fasting glucose concentration of >250 mg/dL was induced in eight-week-old female CD1 mice by injecting a one-time intraperitoneal dose of 150mg/kg streptozotocin. Control mice received an equal volume of normal saline. Hyperglycemic and control females were mated with CD-1 males. At Embryonic Day 17.5, the pregnant mice were euthanized. Sixty-eight placentas were harvested from the six euglycemic dams and twenty-six placentas were harvested from three hyperglycemic dams. RNA was extracted from homogenized placental tissue (N=12/group; 2-4 placentas per litter of each group). Total RNA was prepared and sequenced. Differentially expressed genes that were >2-fold change was considered significant. Placentas (9-20/group) were fixed in paraffin wax and sectioned at 6 μm. Cross-sectional areas of placental zones were evaluated using slides stained for hematoxylin and eosin, glycogen, collagen, proliferation and apoptosis. Quantification of staining intensity and percent positive nuclei was done using Leica Image Hub Data software. Data were compared between the control and experimental group using t-tests. Values of p < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average maternal blood glucose concentrations for control and diabetic dams were 112+/-24 and 473+/-47 respectively (p<0.0001). A higher rate of resorptions was noted in the hyperglycemia exposed placentas compared to euglycemic exposed placentas (24% vs 7%; p=0.04). A total of 24 RNA libraries (12/group) were prepared. Placentas from hyperglycemic pregnancies exhibited 1374 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The 10 most significantly differentially expressed genes are Filip 1, Prom 2, Fam 78a, Pde4d, Pou3f1, Kcnk5, Dusp4, Cxcr4, Slc6a4 and D430019H16Rik. Their corresponding biologic functions are related to chemotaxis, ossification, cellular and vascular development. Histologically, we found that hyperglycemia exposed placentas demonstrated increased proliferation, apoptosis, and glycogen content and decreased collagen deposition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a higher rate of resorptions in the pregnancies of hyperglycemic dams. Pregestational diabetes resulted in significant changes in placental morphology, including increased glycogen content in the spongiotrophoblast, decreased collagen deposition, increased apoptosis and prolifera","PeriodicalId":12828,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology & reproductive health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8270392/pdf/nihms-1675759.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39175570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}