In the current study, three different types of biocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and short flax fiber were produced using extrusion. Alkali treatment was conducted on the flax fiber before the extrusion process in order to improve the interfacial adhesion between the flax fiber and the PLA matrix. The influence of the coupling agent and alkali treatment on the composite materials was investigated with regard to the mechanical, thermal and thermomechanical properties of the injected composites. The results show that the coupling agent has a favorable effect on the thermal, thermomechanical and mechanical properties of the composites. The flexural and tensile moduli of the composites were significantly enhanced compared with those of pure PLA samples. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results indicate that the loss and storage modulus of PLA/flax fiber composites are increased compared with those of both pure PLA and composites with the coupling agent. The TGA showed that the thermal stability of PLA improved with the addition of flax fiber into PLA. Additionally, the developed flax fiber content in PLA with the coupling agent improved the tensile, flexural strength and flexural modulus. The tensile strength of the alkali-treated flax fiber increased up to 50 MPa compared with that of the untreated flax fiber. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method was carried out to examine the chemical composition of the composite and interaction of functional groups for both alkali-treated and untreated flax fibers.
{"title":"Effect of coupling agent and alkali treatment on mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of flax-fiber-reinforced PLA composites","authors":"Ali Avci, Aysegul Akdogan Eker, Mehmet Safa Bodur","doi":"20.00062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/20.00062","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, three different types of biocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and short flax fiber were produced using extrusion. Alkali treatment was conducted on the flax fiber before the extrusion process in order to improve the interfacial adhesion between the flax fiber and the PLA matrix. The influence of the coupling agent and alkali treatment on the composite materials was investigated with regard to the mechanical, thermal and thermomechanical properties of the injected composites. The results show that the coupling agent has a favorable effect on the thermal, thermomechanical and mechanical properties of the composites. The flexural and tensile moduli of the composites were significantly enhanced compared with those of pure PLA samples. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results indicate that the loss and storage modulus of PLA/flax fiber composites are increased compared with those of both pure PLA and composites with the coupling agent. The TGA showed that the thermal stability of PLA improved with the addition of flax fiber into PLA. Additionally, the developed flax fiber content in PLA with the coupling agent improved the tensile, flexural strength and flexural modulus. The tensile strength of the alkali-treated flax fiber increased up to 50 MPa compared with that of the untreated flax fiber. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method was carried out to examine the chemical composition of the composite and interaction of functional groups for both alkali-treated and untreated flax fibers.","PeriodicalId":12929,"journal":{"name":"Green Materials","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138542447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Zhao, Yu-Jun Sheng, Yun-Lei Teng, Bao-Xia Dong
This paper aims to investigate the influence of the grain size and the alkali metal hydride (AH, where A = lithium (Li), sodium (Na) or potassium (K))/carbon dioxide (CO2) mole ratio on carbon dioxide reduction-conversion to methane (CH4) through alkali metal hydrides at an intermediate temperature. The result of this investigation shows that the grain size and AH (A = Li, Na or K)/carbon dioxide mole ratio have a considerable effect on the methane mole percentage and output. Compared with the original sample, when the lithium or potassium hydride sample is milled for 2 h, the mole percentage and output of methane increase. When the time for which the lithium or potassium hydride sample is milled is increased from 2 to 48 h, the mole percentage and output of methane change very little. For the sodium hydride and carbon dioxide system, the grain size of the sample has little effect on the methane mole percentage and output. In brief, alkali metal hydride milled for 2 h is enough for the methanation reaction. In consideration of the AH/carbon dioxide mole ratio, the effects on different reaction systems are not consistent. Activated alkali metal hydrides can effectively convert carbon dioxide to methane under various AH/carbon dioxide mole ratios, and the higher the mole ratio of AH/carbon dioxide, the better the methanation of alkali metal hydride with carbon dioxide.
{"title":"Impact of grain size and reactant ratio on reduction of CO2 to CH4 by alkali metal hydride","authors":"Juan Zhao, Yu-Jun Sheng, Yun-Lei Teng, Bao-Xia Dong","doi":"20.00029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/20.00029","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to investigate the influence of the grain size and the alkali metal hydride (AH, where A = lithium (Li), sodium (Na) or potassium (K))/carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) mole ratio on carbon dioxide reduction-conversion to methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) through alkali metal hydrides at an intermediate temperature. The result of this investigation shows that the grain size and AH (A = Li, Na or K)/carbon dioxide mole ratio have a considerable effect on the methane mole percentage and output. Compared with the original sample, when the lithium or potassium hydride sample is milled for 2 h, the mole percentage and output of methane increase. When the time for which the lithium or potassium hydride sample is milled is increased from 2 to 48 h, the mole percentage and output of methane change very little. For the sodium hydride and carbon dioxide system, the grain size of the sample has little effect on the methane mole percentage and output. In brief, alkali metal hydride milled for 2 h is enough for the methanation reaction. In consideration of the AH/carbon dioxide mole ratio, the effects on different reaction systems are not consistent. Activated alkali metal hydrides can effectively convert carbon dioxide to methane under various AH/carbon dioxide mole ratios, and the higher the mole ratio of AH/carbon dioxide, the better the methanation of alkali metal hydride with carbon dioxide.","PeriodicalId":12929,"journal":{"name":"Green Materials","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grape seeds are abundant in wine production process. Liquefying it into polyether polyol has been proved a suitable utilization route. Although grape seed can be liquefied without fractionation, di...
{"title":"Polyurethane Foam from Grape Seed-Based Polyol","authors":"GuShuailing, YanTingxuan, ZuoZongtao, Shaoqiang, WangBiao, LiXinlong, GengFanhui, ZhangKai, XuXia, XuJian","doi":"10.1680/JGRMA.21.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/JGRMA.21.00022","url":null,"abstract":"Grape seeds are abundant in wine production process. Liquefying it into polyether polyol has been proved a suitable utilization route. Although grape seed can be liquefied without fractionation, di...","PeriodicalId":12929,"journal":{"name":"Green Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49351408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MahalakshmiThirupathi, SankareswariChandran, J. Krishnan
Biopolymer electrolytes based on I-Carrageenan with sodium trifluoromethane sulfonate (NaTf) were prepared via conventional solution casting technique. The biopolymer I-Carrageenan was fixed as 1 g...
{"title":"AC Impedance and Dielectric Studies of Biopolymer Electrolytes Based on I-Carrageenan","authors":"MahalakshmiThirupathi, SankareswariChandran, J. Krishnan","doi":"10.1680/JGRMA.21.00034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/JGRMA.21.00034","url":null,"abstract":"Biopolymer electrolytes based on I-Carrageenan with sodium trifluoromethane sulfonate (NaTf) were prepared via conventional solution casting technique. The biopolymer I-Carrageenan was fixed as 1 g...","PeriodicalId":12929,"journal":{"name":"Green Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47798707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study reported the synthesis of a kind of biomass based plasticizer epoxy eleostearic acid catechol ester(EEAE) originated from biomass resources eleostearic acid and catechol via esterificati...
{"title":"Biomass Based Plasticizer from Eleostearic Acid and its Effect on Plasticization, Mechanical Properties and Migration Resistance of Polyvinyl Chloride Film","authors":"ChuHong-ying, LiHua-bei, SunXiao-yan, ZhangYao-wang","doi":"10.1680/JGRMA.21.00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/JGRMA.21.00007","url":null,"abstract":"This study reported the synthesis of a kind of biomass based plasticizer epoxy eleostearic acid catechol ester(EEAE) originated from biomass resources eleostearic acid and catechol via esterificati...","PeriodicalId":12929,"journal":{"name":"Green Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44717947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Patil, S. Raut, Rahul V Ralegaonkar, M. Madurwar
A huge quantity of textile effluent sludge is generated from 21 076 textile units of India and dumped in large areas, leading to contamination of soil, surface water and groundwater. Hence, effecti...
{"title":"Sustainable building materials using textile effluent treatment plant sludge: a review","authors":"U. Patil, S. Raut, Rahul V Ralegaonkar, M. Madurwar","doi":"10.1680/JGRMA.21.00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/JGRMA.21.00027","url":null,"abstract":"A huge quantity of textile effluent sludge is generated from 21 076 textile units of India and dumped in large areas, leading to contamination of soil, surface water and groundwater. Hence, effecti...","PeriodicalId":12929,"journal":{"name":"Green Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45009825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adhesive bonding and mechanical fastening techniques are mostly applied for the joining of polymer composites. However, in recent times, the hybrid joining (bonded/bolted) technique is emerging, as...
{"title":"Analysis of hybrid joints of green composites under tensile and compressive loadings","authors":"M. Choudhury, K. Debnath","doi":"10.1680/JGRMA.20.00064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/JGRMA.20.00064","url":null,"abstract":"Adhesive bonding and mechanical fastening techniques are mostly applied for the joining of polymer composites. However, in recent times, the hybrid joining (bonded/bolted) technique is emerging, as...","PeriodicalId":12929,"journal":{"name":"Green Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42142059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herein, wooden stick based thermoelectric legs are introduced as a new type of thermoelectric legs. As a proof of concept, graphite and bismuth-coated wooden sticks are fabricated with a green meth...
本文介绍了一种新型的基于木棒的热电腿。作为概念验证，石墨和涂有铋的木棍是用绿色冰毒制造的。
{"title":"Fabrication of wooden thermoelectric legs to construct a generator","authors":"R. Mulla, C. Dunnill","doi":"10.1680/JGRMA.20.00074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/JGRMA.20.00074","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, wooden stick based thermoelectric legs are introduced as a new type of thermoelectric legs. As a proof of concept, graphite and bismuth-coated wooden sticks are fabricated with a green meth...","PeriodicalId":12929,"journal":{"name":"Green Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45489619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brody A Frost, Hayden Carlton, R. Martinez, Erica Lovett, D. Huitink, E. Foster
{"title":"Controlled shape memory effects of magnetic polymer nanocomposites by induction heating","authors":"Brody A Frost, Hayden Carlton, R. Martinez, Erica Lovett, D. Huitink, E. Foster","doi":"10.1680/JGRMA.20.00079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/JGRMA.20.00079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12929,"journal":{"name":"Green Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47677770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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