Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-12-1334-1347
Svetlana A. Sheveleva, Yulia M. Markova, N. R. Efimochkina, L. P. Minaeva, Irina B. Bykova, E. E. Zinurova, Yu.V. Smotrina, A. Polyanina, Valentina V. Stetsenko, Sergey A. Khotimchenko
Environmental contamination by polymer wastes and microplastics (MPs) has recently become important for health care, due to the emergence of a lot of evidence that MPs affect the health of living organisms, including humans. MPs commonly presented in drinking water and various groups of food products, and are found in human stool, colon tissue, and blood samples. When MPs are orally ingested, the first object for their interaction with the organism is the gastrointestinal microbiota. Considering the essential importance of the intestinal microbiota for human health, the study of the negative consequences of such contact becomes very important. The results of “in vitro” and “in vivo” experimental studies summarized in the review indicate MPs to have negative effects on the microbial community composition and of the intestinal barrier state, and are themselves subject to microbial degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. “In vivo” studies, the entry of MPs into the intestine is accompanied by an increase in α-diversity of the microbiota, presumably due to foreign microorganisms attached to the particles, including those in as part of biofilms formed on their surfaces. Competing with representatives of normal intestinal flora, these microorganisms are able to enzymatically degrade or overcome the mucosal barrier. Simultaneously the biofilm matrix associate with intestinal mucus and provides MPs particles with retention in the mucin layer and direct contact with the apical part of epitheliocytes. This leads to irritation, local inflammation, and damage to the intestinal barrier. MPs and their biotransformation products can also systemically affect the host organism, translocating from the intestine into the bloodstream. The review emphasizes that to identify and characterize the health risks associated with the intake of various MPs from food, studies assessing their interaction with the microbiota and biotransformation pathways in the intestine are necessary.
{"title":"Microbial risks associated with microplastics in the food chain and possible control measures (literature review). Part 1. Dietary intake and influence on the gut microbiota","authors":"Svetlana A. Sheveleva, Yulia M. Markova, N. R. Efimochkina, L. P. Minaeva, Irina B. Bykova, E. E. Zinurova, Yu.V. Smotrina, A. Polyanina, Valentina V. Stetsenko, Sergey A. Khotimchenko","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-12-1334-1347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-12-1334-1347","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental contamination by polymer wastes and microplastics (MPs) has recently become important for health care, due to the emergence of a lot of evidence that MPs affect the health of living organisms, including humans. MPs commonly presented in drinking water and various groups of food products, and are found in human stool, colon tissue, and blood samples. When MPs are orally ingested, the first object for their interaction with the organism is the gastrointestinal microbiota. Considering the essential importance of the intestinal microbiota for human health, the study of the negative consequences of such contact becomes very important. The results of “in vitro” and “in vivo” experimental studies summarized in the review indicate MPs to have negative effects on the microbial community composition and of the intestinal barrier state, and are themselves subject to microbial degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. “In vivo” studies, the entry of MPs into the intestine is accompanied by an increase in α-diversity of the microbiota, presumably due to foreign microorganisms attached to the particles, including those in as part of biofilms formed on their surfaces. Competing with representatives of normal intestinal flora, these microorganisms are able to enzymatically degrade or overcome the mucosal barrier. Simultaneously the biofilm matrix associate with intestinal mucus and provides MPs particles with retention in the mucin layer and direct contact with the apical part of epitheliocytes. This leads to irritation, local inflammation, and damage to the intestinal barrier. MPs and their biotransformation products can also systemically affect the host organism, translocating from the intestine into the bloodstream. The review emphasizes that to identify and characterize the health risks associated with the intake of various MPs from food, studies assessing their interaction with the microbiota and biotransformation pathways in the intestine are necessary.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"57 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-12-1321-1326
G. Lipatov, V. I. Adrianovsky, Yu. N. Naritsyna, Alexey A. Samylkin, N. Zlygosteva, O. Gogoleva, S. R. Guselnikov
Introduction. High ductility, electrical and thermal conductivity, and resistance to corrosion determine a high demand of the national economy for refined copper, thus necessitating a comprehensive study of the occupational environment and health status in workers employed in this branch of non-ferrous metallurgy. The purpose of our study was to assess the morbidity with temporal disability in workers engaged in the fire and electrolytic refining of copper. Materials and methods. Morbidity with temporal disability in both male and female workers was studied by means of its detailed personal record at one of the large copper refineries of the Middle Urals. Results. Among those engaged in copper smelting, the highest morbidity with temporal disability rates per one hundred workers were registered among repairers and auxiliary personnel (95.3 sick leave episodes and 1,147.8 days) in men and among overhead crane operators (52.8 episodes and 657.6 days) in women. In the copper electrolysis shop, the highest rates were noted among both men (86.7 episodes and 954.0 days) and women (77.8 episodes and 841.2 days) constituting the core personnel. We established that in the study cohort lung diseases ranked first among the causes of the morbidity with temporal disability followed by musculoskeletal diseases. Limitations. Such a study is feasible only at the enterprises that record and measure morbidity with temporal disability due to work. Conclusions. Our findings may indicate work-relation of morbidity with temporal disability in male repairers and auxiliary personnel, as well as female crane operators engaged in fire refining of copper and in both male and female core personnel engaged in electrolytic refining.
{"title":"Morbidity with temporal disability in workers engaged in refined copper production","authors":"G. Lipatov, V. I. Adrianovsky, Yu. N. Naritsyna, Alexey A. Samylkin, N. Zlygosteva, O. Gogoleva, S. R. Guselnikov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-12-1321-1326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-12-1321-1326","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. High ductility, electrical and thermal conductivity, and resistance to corrosion determine a high demand of the national economy for refined copper, thus necessitating a comprehensive study of the occupational environment and health status in workers employed in this branch of non-ferrous metallurgy. The purpose of our study was to assess the morbidity with temporal disability in workers engaged in the fire and electrolytic refining of copper. Materials and methods. Morbidity with temporal disability in both male and female workers was studied by means of its detailed personal record at one of the large copper refineries of the Middle Urals. Results. Among those engaged in copper smelting, the highest morbidity with temporal disability rates per one hundred workers were registered among repairers and auxiliary personnel (95.3 sick leave episodes and 1,147.8 days) in men and among overhead crane operators (52.8 episodes and 657.6 days) in women. In the copper electrolysis shop, the highest rates were noted among both men (86.7 episodes and 954.0 days) and women (77.8 episodes and 841.2 days) constituting the core personnel. We established that in the study cohort lung diseases ranked first among the causes of the morbidity with temporal disability followed by musculoskeletal diseases. Limitations. Such a study is feasible only at the enterprises that record and measure morbidity with temporal disability due to work. Conclusions. Our findings may indicate work-relation of morbidity with temporal disability in male repairers and auxiliary personnel, as well as female crane operators engaged in fire refining of copper and in both male and female core personnel engaged in electrolytic refining.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-12-1281-1285
O. Zhurba, A. Merinov, S. Shayakhmetov, A. Alekseenko
Introduction. In industrial cities, the problem of environmental pollution by supertoxicants, which include the class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is especially acute. Since among PAHs there are substances that have a carcinogenic effect, their quantitative identification in environmental objects is an urgent task. Materials and methods. The content of PAHs and petroleum products (PP) in the soil of an industrial city, taken in various functional zones, was studied. Determination of sixteen PAHs was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with optimized sample preparation. It is proposed to determine PAHs by GC-MS using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). Petroleum products (PP) were determined by the fluorimetric method. Results. Total PAHs content (ΣPAH) varied from 7.50 to 319.11 µg/kg. ΣPAH-carcinogens in the residential and sanitary protection zones was on average 25.1–31.2 times higher than in the background site. PP content levels in urban soils ranged from 3.0 to 62.4 mg/kg. Limitations. The study is limited to the study of the upper layers of soil up to 5 cm. The possibility of PAH migration into groundwater has not been studied. Conclusion. The structure of PAHs was dominated by 4-6-nuclear structures: dibenz(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, fluoranthene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, etc., making up > 87% of the total amount of PAHs. The proportion of these polyarenes in the total ΣPAH in the residential area increases by 1.3 times compared to the background, which indicates the possibility of their technogenic origin. The PAH and PP indicators are characterized by a scatter of data and, as a result, a large influence of the local factor on the formation of soil cover pollution.
{"title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and petroleum products in soil samples of urban areas in Eastern Siberia","authors":"O. Zhurba, A. Merinov, S. Shayakhmetov, A. Alekseenko","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-12-1281-1285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-12-1281-1285","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In industrial cities, the problem of environmental pollution by supertoxicants, which include the class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is especially acute. Since among PAHs there are substances that have a carcinogenic effect, their quantitative identification in environmental objects is an urgent task. Materials and methods. The content of PAHs and petroleum products (PP) in the soil of an industrial city, taken in various functional zones, was studied. Determination of sixteen PAHs was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with optimized sample preparation. It is proposed to determine PAHs by GC-MS using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). Petroleum products (PP) were determined by the fluorimetric method. Results. Total PAHs content (ΣPAH) varied from 7.50 to 319.11 µg/kg. ΣPAH-carcinogens in the residential and sanitary protection zones was on average 25.1–31.2 times higher than in the background site. PP content levels in urban soils ranged from 3.0 to 62.4 mg/kg. Limitations. The study is limited to the study of the upper layers of soil up to 5 cm. The possibility of PAH migration into groundwater has not been studied. Conclusion. The structure of PAHs was dominated by 4-6-nuclear structures: dibenz(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, fluoranthene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, etc., making up > 87% of the total amount of PAHs. The proportion of these polyarenes in the total ΣPAH in the residential area increases by 1.3 times compared to the background, which indicates the possibility of their technogenic origin. The PAH and PP indicators are characterized by a scatter of data and, as a result, a large influence of the local factor on the formation of soil cover pollution.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"49 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139151078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-12-1315-1320
O. G. Drugova, Elena P. Kashanskaya, O. Gogoleva, G. Lipatov, A. Fedoruk
Introduction. Broad prospects for development of refractory manufacturing in Russia necessitate studies of the work environment, especially of the indoor air quality, and respiratory health effects of adverse occupational factors. The purpose of our study was to conduct a general hygienic assessment of working conditions of the core personnel engaged in contemporary refractory manufacturing for more than 10 years and establish their respiratory functional status. Materials and methods. We assessed working conditions of press operators of a Ural refractory manufacturing plant in compliance with Russian Guidelines R 2.2.2006–05. The respiratory functional status was established by the results of clinical instrumental testing of refractory production workers who were examined and/or treated at the occupational health clinic of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers in 2015–2021. Results. We gave a general assessment of working conditions of press operators engaged in the production of spinel periclase-carbon and fireclay-dinas molded refractories in the first refractory workshop, aluminosilicate refractories at the molding site, and corundum-graphite products in the second refractory workshop. We analyzed the results of instrumental testing and established characteristics of clinical disorders of the respiratory system. Limitations. The study has regional (Sverdlovsk Region) and occupational (workers of a refractory manufacturing plant) limitations. Conclusion. Occupational risk factors for refractory production workers include silica-containing aerosols, which levels exceed maximum allowable concentrations (Class 3.1), aerosols of disintegration of aluminum oxides (in refractory workshop No. 2), iron in concentrations below MACs (Class 2), higher concentrations of volatile products of phenol formaldehyde resins (Class 3.1 in terms of phenol and up to 3.4 in terms of formaldehyde), increased noise levels for all jobs (Class 3.2), and heavy physical labour (Classes 3.1–3.3). Features of clinical respiratory disorders in the core personnel (press operators) were scarcity of complaints and physical data, absence of pronounced coniotic (respirable dust-related) X-ray findings and inflammatory (septic and allergic) blood changes. Moderate obstructive airway disorders were observed in 30 % of the examined cases.
{"title":"Assessment of working conditions and features of respiratory disorders in modern refractory manufacturing","authors":"O. G. Drugova, Elena P. Kashanskaya, O. Gogoleva, G. Lipatov, A. Fedoruk","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-12-1315-1320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-12-1315-1320","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Broad prospects for development of refractory manufacturing in Russia necessitate studies of the work environment, especially of the indoor air quality, and respiratory health effects of adverse occupational factors. The purpose of our study was to conduct a general hygienic assessment of working conditions of the core personnel engaged in contemporary refractory manufacturing for more than 10 years and establish their respiratory functional status. Materials and methods. We assessed working conditions of press operators of a Ural refractory manufacturing plant in compliance with Russian Guidelines R 2.2.2006–05. The respiratory functional status was established by the results of clinical instrumental testing of refractory production workers who were examined and/or treated at the occupational health clinic of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers in 2015–2021. Results. We gave a general assessment of working conditions of press operators engaged in the production of spinel periclase-carbon and fireclay-dinas molded refractories in the first refractory workshop, aluminosilicate refractories at the molding site, and corundum-graphite products in the second refractory workshop. We analyzed the results of instrumental testing and established characteristics of clinical disorders of the respiratory system. Limitations. The study has regional (Sverdlovsk Region) and occupational (workers of a refractory manufacturing plant) limitations. Conclusion. Occupational risk factors for refractory production workers include silica-containing aerosols, which levels exceed maximum allowable concentrations (Class 3.1), aerosols of disintegration of aluminum oxides (in refractory workshop No. 2), iron in concentrations below MACs (Class 2), higher concentrations of volatile products of phenol formaldehyde resins (Class 3.1 in terms of phenol and up to 3.4 in terms of formaldehyde), increased noise levels for all jobs (Class 3.2), and heavy physical labour (Classes 3.1–3.3). Features of clinical respiratory disorders in the core personnel (press operators) were scarcity of complaints and physical data, absence of pronounced coniotic (respirable dust-related) X-ray findings and inflammatory (septic and allergic) blood changes. Moderate obstructive airway disorders were observed in 30 % of the examined cases.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"221 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-12-1272-1280
G. Pay, Daria V. Rakitina, Marina A. Pankova, Zlata E. Fedets, T. R. Maniya, A. V. Zagaynova
Introduction. Efficiency of wastewater treatment plants is a key for protection of common health. At the same time, all criteria for its evaluation are concerned about the overall biomass reduction rather than on pathogens that, in low amount, can still be present in the efflux. Purpose of the study. Therefore it seems important to evaluate the effect of purification procedures on the pathogenic potential of bacteria. In the current study, it is performed using Enterococcus isolates, since pathogenic strains present considerable threat for human health, causing endocarditis, infections of urogenic tract, nosocomial infections, etc. Materials and methods. PCR was used to evaluate the presence of potentially pathogenic genes in the extracted DNA. Seven genes were tested: genes of adhesion proteins (Esp, Asa1), proteins with lytic activity (cytolysine CylA, hyaluronidase hyl and gelatinase gelE), and antibiotic resistance factors (vanA, vanB). Three hundred sixty six isolates from wastewater plants of Moscow agglomeration and 168 from feces of healthy people were screened. Results. Percentage of pathogenic isolates varied in different wastewater treatment plants (from 36 to 55%), with no relation with the volumes of treated sewage and the purification scheme of the plant. Similar species were recovered from wastewater plants and feces, with E. faecium (36% and 53%, correspondingly) and E. faecalis (28% and 38%) as most abundant. E. hirae was presented in different numbers (24% и 1.2%) as well as E. casseliflavus (3% and 0,6%). E. durans, E. thailandicus, E. avium, E. mundtii were found from 2.5 to 1%, in similar amounts from both sources. Minor species E. raffinosus, E. moraviensis, E. malodatus presented with single isolates in wastewater plants, and E. canintеstini – in feces. The E. faecalis was the leader in percentage of pathogenic potential (75–80%). The most abundant pathogenic gene was gelE (30–33% from both sources) and asa1 (18–19%). CylA was found at similar levels (4,4–4,8%). Esp was found in 9% of wastewater plants isolates and in 14% from feces. Hyl was specific to isolates from wastewater plants (2,5%), and was present in all non-monor species (E. faecium, E. faecalis, E. hirae, E. durans, E. thailandicus) and at different stages of water treatment. Vancomycin resistance genes were not detected. Limitations. When studying the pathogenic potential of enterococcal isolates from wastewater treatment plants in the city of Moscow and the Moscow region and the feces of practically healthy people, two samples were compared, consisting of 366 and 168 isolates, respectively, which represents a sufficient reference sample. The sample was limited by geography, so the conclusions can be applied to wastewater treatment plants in the city of Moscow and the Moscow region, where similar treatment schemes were used. Conclusions. The data from this study suggests the pathogenic potential of bacteria from wastewater treatment plants to be a littl
{"title":"Pathogenic potential of enterococcus isolated from healthy people and wastewater","authors":"G. Pay, Daria V. Rakitina, Marina A. Pankova, Zlata E. Fedets, T. R. Maniya, A. V. Zagaynova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-12-1272-1280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-12-1272-1280","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Efficiency of wastewater treatment plants is a key for protection of common health. At the same time, all criteria for its evaluation are concerned about the overall biomass reduction rather than on pathogens that, in low amount, can still be present in the efflux. Purpose of the study. Therefore it seems important to evaluate the effect of purification procedures on the pathogenic potential of bacteria. In the current study, it is performed using Enterococcus isolates, since pathogenic strains present considerable threat for human health, causing endocarditis, infections of urogenic tract, nosocomial infections, etc. Materials and methods. PCR was used to evaluate the presence of potentially pathogenic genes in the extracted DNA. Seven genes were tested: genes of adhesion proteins (Esp, Asa1), proteins with lytic activity (cytolysine CylA, hyaluronidase hyl and gelatinase gelE), and antibiotic resistance factors (vanA, vanB). Three hundred sixty six isolates from wastewater plants of Moscow agglomeration and 168 from feces of healthy people were screened. Results. Percentage of pathogenic isolates varied in different wastewater treatment plants (from 36 to 55%), with no relation with the volumes of treated sewage and the purification scheme of the plant. Similar species were recovered from wastewater plants and feces, with E. faecium (36% and 53%, correspondingly) and E. faecalis (28% and 38%) as most abundant. E. hirae was presented in different numbers (24% и 1.2%) as well as E. casseliflavus (3% and 0,6%). E. durans, E. thailandicus, E. avium, E. mundtii were found from 2.5 to 1%, in similar amounts from both sources. Minor species E. raffinosus, E. moraviensis, E. malodatus presented with single isolates in wastewater plants, and E. canintеstini – in feces. The E. faecalis was the leader in percentage of pathogenic potential (75–80%). The most abundant pathogenic gene was gelE (30–33% from both sources) and asa1 (18–19%). CylA was found at similar levels (4,4–4,8%). Esp was found in 9% of wastewater plants isolates and in 14% from feces. Hyl was specific to isolates from wastewater plants (2,5%), and was present in all non-monor species (E. faecium, E. faecalis, E. hirae, E. durans, E. thailandicus) and at different stages of water treatment. Vancomycin resistance genes were not detected. Limitations. When studying the pathogenic potential of enterococcal isolates from wastewater treatment plants in the city of Moscow and the Moscow region and the feces of practically healthy people, two samples were compared, consisting of 366 and 168 isolates, respectively, which represents a sufficient reference sample. The sample was limited by geography, so the conclusions can be applied to wastewater treatment plants in the city of Moscow and the Moscow region, where similar treatment schemes were used. Conclusions. The data from this study suggests the pathogenic potential of bacteria from wastewater treatment plants to be a littl","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"46 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139151407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1204-1209
N. Nikonoshina, O. Dolgikh
Introduction. The benzo(a)pyrene exposure forms the special phenotype of the immune profile in children. The study of immune system features associated with the polymorphism of detoxification genes is relevant in the conditions of health risks linked with environmental pollution. Materials and methods. There was performed clinical and laboratory examination of four hundred seventy nine children aged of 3–6 years. The observation group consisted of 308 children living in conditions of aerogenic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene. The comparison group included 171 children from a relatively clean territory. Determination of benzo(a)pyrene concentration in an atmospheric air and in blood was carried out by HPLC. The study of polymorphism of CYP1A1 (rs4646421) gene was carried out by real-time PCR. CD3+CD4+-lymphocyte phenotyping was performed by flow cytometry, IgG to benzo(a)pyrene – by allergosorbent testing. Results. Aerogenic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene at an average daily dose of 8.76•10–2 µg/(kg•day) causes an increase in the level of blood contamination with PAH, forms an imbalance of the immune profile (IgG to benzo(a)pyrene hyperproduction, CD3+CD4+-lymphocyte expression deficiency and CD4+/CD8+decrease) associated with T-allele and CT-genotype of the CYP1A1 gene (rs4646421) (OR(CI)=2.35–6.65; p<0.05). Children with the CT-genotype of the CYP1A1 gene (rs4646421) are characterized by the most pronounced changes in the immune profile (excess IgG to benzo(a)pyrene; reduction of CD3+CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ against the background of maximum blood contamination with benzo(a)pyrene in relation to other genotypic groups (OR(CI)=1.64–3.08; p<0.05). Limitations. The limitations are related to the need to increase the sample and verify the results obtained in subsequent observations. Conclusion. The peculiarities of the immune profile in CT-genotype carriers of the CYP1A1 (rs4646421) gene under the conditions of aerogenic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene at a dose of 8.76•10–2 mcg/(kg•day) should include the formation of specific sensitization to benzo(a)pyrene, deficiency of cellular differentiation clusters: CD3+CD4+-lymphocytes, CD4+/CD8+ reduction associated with blood contamination with benzo(a)pyrene, which indicate the likelihood of hereditary predisposition realization and the formation of immune regulation disorders associated with exposure to benzo(a)pyrene.
{"title":"CYP1A1 (RS4646421) gene polymorphism and peculiarities of immune profile in children under aerogenic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene","authors":"N. Nikonoshina, O. Dolgikh","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1204-1209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1204-1209","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The benzo(a)pyrene exposure forms the special phenotype of the immune profile in children. The study of immune system features associated with the polymorphism of detoxification genes is relevant in the conditions of health risks linked with environmental pollution. \u0000Materials and methods. There was performed clinical and laboratory examination of four hundred seventy nine children aged of 3–6 years. The observation group consisted of 308 children living in conditions of aerogenic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene. The comparison group included 171 children from a relatively clean territory. Determination of benzo(a)pyrene concentration in an atmospheric air and in blood was carried out by HPLC. The study of polymorphism of CYP1A1 (rs4646421) gene was carried out by real-time PCR. CD3+CD4+-lymphocyte phenotyping was performed by flow cytometry, IgG to benzo(a)pyrene – by allergosorbent testing. \u0000Results. Aerogenic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene at an average daily dose of 8.76•10–2 µg/(kg•day) causes an increase in the level of blood contamination with PAH, forms an imbalance of the immune profile (IgG to benzo(a)pyrene hyperproduction, CD3+CD4+-lymphocyte expression deficiency and CD4+/CD8+decrease) associated with T-allele and CT-genotype of the CYP1A1 gene (rs4646421) (OR(CI)=2.35–6.65; p<0.05). Children with the CT-genotype of the CYP1A1 gene (rs4646421) are characterized by the most pronounced changes in the immune profile (excess IgG to benzo(a)pyrene; reduction of CD3+CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ against the background of maximum blood contamination with benzo(a)pyrene in relation to other genotypic groups (OR(CI)=1.64–3.08; p<0.05). \u0000Limitations. The limitations are related to the need to increase the sample and verify the results obtained in subsequent observations. \u0000Conclusion. The peculiarities of the immune profile in CT-genotype carriers of the CYP1A1 (rs4646421) gene under the conditions of aerogenic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene at a dose of 8.76•10–2 mcg/(kg•day) should include the formation of specific sensitization to benzo(a)pyrene, deficiency of cellular differentiation clusters: CD3+CD4+-lymphocytes, CD4+/CD8+ reduction associated with blood contamination with benzo(a)pyrene, which indicate the likelihood of hereditary predisposition realization and the formation of immune regulation disorders associated with exposure to benzo(a)pyrene.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"188 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1199-1203
Elena P. Kashanskaya, G. Lipatov, O. Gogoleva, Olga M. Nosyreva, Yuliya A. Ganicheva, S. R. Guselnikov
Introduction. Silicosis is the most common and severe type of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of dust containing more than 10% of crystalline silica in the occupational setting. The chest X-ray plays a decisive role in the diagnosis of the disease. The purpose of our work was to establish lung tissue fibrosis in industrial workers suffering from silicosis. Materials and methods. In 2015–2022, ten patients with silicosis, employed at a Ural refractory manufacturing plant as press operators (Group 1) for the average of 17.23 ± 4.31 years, were examined at the Occupational Health Clinic of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers. The comparison group (Group 2) included 34 press operators without pneumoconiosis who had worked for more than 10 years in hazardous working conditions. The control group (Group 3) consisted of 32 people of different occupations unexposed to industrial dusts. All the subjects were matched by gender (male) and age (50.7 ± 5.25 years). Lung tissue fibrosis was measured by multislice computed tomography using a GE OPTIMA 660 128 Slice CT Scanner with accessories, GE HealthCare Japan, manufactured in 2012. The data were then analyzed in Statistica for Windows 7. Results. We established a decrease in tissue fibrosis in the apexes and inferior lobes of both lungs and an increase in the fibrosis in groups of target lymph nodes (11–14R, 2L, 10L) in the silicosis cases, and an increase in Hounsfield units in target groups of lymph nodes (2R, 4R, 10R, 11–14R, 2L, 11–14L) in the comparison group. Limitations. The study includes only workers engaged in refractory manufacturing with over 10 years of exposure to silica. For CT lung densitometry, the limitation is the permissible radiation dose of less than 5 mSv per year. Conclusion. The results of CT densitometry of the lungs and targeted groups of lymph nodes demonstrate its high efficiency in the quantitative assessment of dust-related disorders in patients with silicosis and in experienced workers occupationally exposed to crystalline silica.
{"title":"Assessment of the lung tissue fibrosis in workers exposed to silica-hazardous dust for a long time","authors":"Elena P. Kashanskaya, G. Lipatov, O. Gogoleva, Olga M. Nosyreva, Yuliya A. Ganicheva, S. R. Guselnikov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1199-1203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1199-1203","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Silicosis is the most common and severe type of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of dust containing more than 10% of crystalline silica in the occupational setting. The chest X-ray plays a decisive role in the diagnosis of the disease. \u0000The purpose of our work was to establish lung tissue fibrosis in industrial workers suffering from silicosis. \u0000Materials and methods. In 2015–2022, ten patients with silicosis, employed at a Ural refractory manufacturing plant as press operators (Group 1) for the average of 17.23 ± 4.31 years, were examined at the Occupational Health Clinic of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers. The comparison group (Group 2) included 34 press operators without pneumoconiosis who had worked for more than 10 years in hazardous working conditions. The control group (Group 3) consisted of 32 people of different occupations unexposed to industrial dusts. All the subjects were matched by gender (male) and age (50.7 ± 5.25 years). Lung tissue fibrosis was measured by multislice computed tomography using a GE OPTIMA 660 128 Slice CT Scanner with accessories, GE HealthCare Japan, manufactured in 2012. The data were then analyzed in Statistica for Windows 7. \u0000Results. We established a decrease in tissue fibrosis in the apexes and inferior lobes of both lungs and an increase in the fibrosis in groups of target lymph nodes (11–14R, 2L, 10L) in the silicosis cases, and an increase in Hounsfield units in target groups of lymph nodes (2R, 4R, 10R, 11–14R, 2L, 11–14L) in the comparison group. \u0000Limitations. The study includes only workers engaged in refractory manufacturing with over 10 years of exposure to silica. For CT lung densitometry, the limitation is the permissible radiation dose of less than 5 mSv per year. \u0000Conclusion. The results of CT densitometry of the lungs and targeted groups of lymph nodes demonstrate its high efficiency in the quantitative assessment \u0000of dust-related disorders in patients with silicosis and in experienced workers occupationally exposed to crystalline silica.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"147 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1228-1235
S. Klinova, I. Minigalieva, M. Sutunkova, Lada V. Shabardina
Introduction. Modern metallurgical production is characterized by mixed exposure of workers to harmful chemicals, of which lead and cadmium are the most common. A high physical workload is yet another occupational risk factor for metallurgists. Objective. Experimental study of effects of lead or cadmium and physical load on integral indicators of cardiotoxicity in rats. Materials and methods. We have carried out two 6-week experiments on rats to study integral indicators of cardiotoxicity of lead or cadmium and their changes under effect of physical activity. Solutions of lead or cadmium salts were administered intraperitoneally three times a week. Physical workload was simulated on a treadmill (10 min/day, 5 days a week). At the end of the experiment, electrocardiogram and blood pressure parameters were registered non-invasively. Results. Lead and cadmium had a cardiotoxic effect manifested by ECG changes. No pronounced hemodynamic changes were observed in our studies. According to ECG parameters, physical load slightly mitigates cardiotoxic effects of lead, but enhances manifestations of cadmium toxicity. Limitations. Data comparison can be affected by the fact that both outbred and inbred rats were used in the experiments. Caution should be taken when extrapolating animal data to humans since electrophysiological processes in the work of the heart differ in small rodents and large mammals. Conclusion. The established ambiguity of the impact of the physical workload on cardiotoxic effects of heavy metals necessitates further studies of this problem.
{"title":"Integral indicators of cardiotoxicity of lead and cadmium on the background of physical activity","authors":"S. Klinova, I. Minigalieva, M. Sutunkova, Lada V. Shabardina","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1228-1235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1228-1235","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Modern metallurgical production is characterized by mixed exposure of workers to harmful chemicals, of which lead and cadmium are the most common. A high physical workload is yet another occupational risk factor for metallurgists. \u0000Objective. Experimental study of effects of lead or cadmium and physical load on integral indicators of cardiotoxicity in rats. \u0000Materials and methods. We have carried out two 6-week experiments on rats to study integral indicators of cardiotoxicity of lead or cadmium and their changes under effect of physical activity. Solutions of lead or cadmium salts were administered intraperitoneally three times a week. Physical workload was simulated on a treadmill (10 min/day, 5 days a week). At the end of the experiment, electrocardiogram and blood pressure parameters were registered non-invasively. \u0000Results. Lead and cadmium had a cardiotoxic effect manifested by ECG changes. No pronounced hemodynamic changes were observed in our studies. According to ECG parameters, physical load slightly mitigates cardiotoxic effects of lead, but enhances manifestations of cadmium toxicity. \u0000Limitations. Data comparison can be affected by the fact that both outbred and inbred rats were used in the experiments. Caution should be taken when extrapolating animal data to humans since electrophysiological processes in the work of the heart differ in small rodents and large mammals. \u0000Conclusion. The established ambiguity of the impact of the physical workload on cardiotoxic effects of heavy metals necessitates further studies of this problem.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1186-1191
S. Syurin, Aleksei N. Kizeev
Introduction. Construction is one of the most important sectors of the economy. The aim is: to study the causes of development, structure, and prevalence of occupational pathology of construction workers in the Arctic. Materials and methods. An analysis was made of the data of socio-hygienic monitoring “Working conditions and occupational morbidity” and the Register of extracts from occupational disease records (Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated May 28, 2001 No. 176) for 2007–2021 in the Russian Arctic. Results. Over 2007–2021, construction workers in the Arctic were exposed to thirteen occupational hazards, seven of which (labour severity, harmful chemicals, noise, whole-body and hand-arm vibration, fibrogenic aerosols, cooling microclimate) caused the development of occupational diseases (n=252). Diseases of the musculoskeletal system (38.5%), respiratory organs (16.3%), and sensorineural hearing loss (17.1%) prevailed in their structure. Occupational diseases more often developed among welders (n=31), painters (n=291), mechanics (n=23), and plasterers (n=19). The level of occupational morbidity among construction workers (2.62/10,000 workers) is 2.9–6.3 times lower than for all workers in the Russian Arctic and 20.6–194.7 times lower than for workers in the mining and metallurgical industry of the Russian Arctic. During 15 years, occupational morbidity and the risk of developing occupational pathology (RR=1.29; CI 0.82–2.02) in construction workers did not change. Limitation. The lack of data on working conditions at construction enterprises in the Russian Arctic in 1997–2006, which could have explained the changes of occupational pathology in 2007–2021. Conclusion. To preserve the health of construction workers (primarily welders, painters, mechanics, plasterers), it is necessary to improve measures to protect them from the effects of increased labour severity, harmful chemicals and noise.
{"title":"Occupational diseases in construction workers in the Arctic","authors":"S. Syurin, Aleksei N. Kizeev","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1186-1191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1186-1191","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Construction is one of the most important sectors of the economy. \u0000The aim is: to study the causes of development, structure, and prevalence of occupational pathology of construction workers in the Arctic. \u0000Materials and methods. An analysis was made of the data of socio-hygienic monitoring “Working conditions and occupational morbidity” and the Register of extracts from occupational disease records (Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated May 28, 2001 No. 176) for 2007–2021 in the Russian Arctic. \u0000Results. Over 2007–2021, construction workers in the Arctic were exposed to thirteen occupational hazards, seven of which (labour severity, harmful chemicals, noise, whole-body and hand-arm vibration, fibrogenic aerosols, cooling microclimate) caused the development of occupational diseases (n=252). Diseases of the musculoskeletal system (38.5%), respiratory organs (16.3%), and sensorineural hearing loss (17.1%) prevailed in their structure. Occupational diseases more often developed among welders (n=31), painters (n=291), mechanics (n=23), and plasterers (n=19). The level of occupational morbidity among construction workers (2.62/10,000 workers) is 2.9–6.3 times lower than for all workers in the Russian Arctic and 20.6–194.7 times lower than for workers in the mining and metallurgical industry of the Russian Arctic. During 15 years, occupational morbidity and the risk of developing occupational pathology (RR=1.29; CI 0.82–2.02) in construction workers did not change. \u0000Limitation. The lack of data on working conditions at construction enterprises in the Russian Arctic in 1997–2006, which could have explained the changes of occupational pathology in 2007–2021. \u0000Conclusion. To preserve the health of construction workers (primarily welders, painters, mechanics, plasterers), it is necessary to improve measures to protect them from the effects of increased labour severity, harmful chemicals and noise.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"302 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1241-1250
N.V. Zaitseva, Svetlana S. Kleyn, I. May, D. Kiryanov, D. V. Goriaev, A. M. Andrishunas, S. Balashov, V. Chigvintsev, D. R. Khismatullin
Introduction. This article suggests an alternative solution to the task of quantifying and describing health harm under exposure to non-carcinogenic risk factors. Materials and methods. We have developed and tested a methodical approach that includes five subsequent steps; it is eligible for posterior quantification of non-carcinogenic health risks represented by additional diseases cases associated with poor ambient air quality. The approach relies on unified and validated methods for assessing exposure and health risks, mathematical parameterization of cause-effect relations within the "environment – public health" system, and calculation of additional incidence as well as combined assessment of all the obtained results. Results. According to calculated data, which were also verified by instrumental observations of ambient air quality, the existing hygienic standards are violated as per 27 chemicals in residential areas. Elevated hazard quotients are identified for 26 chemicals (up to 98.7HQac; up to 62.7HQch). Additive effects of the analyzed chemicals crated elevated hazard indices (HI) in residential areas that could be ranked as "alerting" (36) for respiratory organs, the cardiovascular and hematopoietic systems, liver, kidneys, eyes, development, the immune, reproductive, endocrine, and other systems. The identified levels of airborne exposure annually cause approximately 80.9 thousand additional diseases among the total population (71.0‰; 4.15% of the total incidence); 23 chemicals are considered priority risk factors (contributions vary between 0.25 and 65.0%). We have identified certain regularity for some disease classes: higher levels of additional incidence associated with ambient air quality are established in zones with higher airborne health risks. Thus, in zones where airborne risks for respiratory organs are HIch≤1, we identified no additional incidence as per such diseases; in zones with 16 (more than 1.09 million people), 5.0‰. Limitations. The suggested approaches have been obtained by calculation. Their results might differ from those obtained by targeted in-depth investigations aimed at creating an evidence base of health harm under adverse environmental conditions that do not conform to hygienic standards. The parameters of mathematical models within "the environment – public health" system have been obtained for a limited range of exposure to pollutants in ambient air and a limited list of airborne health risk factors. Conclusion. The suggested methodical approaches to posterior assessment of non-carcinogenic health risks allows quantifying these health risks as additional diseases associated with poor quality of the environment; they enlarge the results of health risk assessment and make them more precise, validate and support them with hygienic significance. They can be utilized within optimization of social and hygienic monitoring and assessment of effectiveness of implemented prevention activities.
{"title":"Posterior assessment of airborne non-carcinogenic health risk of the population of a large industrial center","authors":"N.V. Zaitseva, Svetlana S. Kleyn, I. May, D. Kiryanov, D. V. Goriaev, A. M. Andrishunas, S. Balashov, V. Chigvintsev, D. R. Khismatullin","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1241-1250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1241-1250","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This article suggests an alternative solution to the task of quantifying and describing health harm under exposure to non-carcinogenic risk factors. \u0000Materials and methods. We have developed and tested a methodical approach that includes five subsequent steps; it is eligible for posterior quantification of non-carcinogenic health risks represented by additional diseases cases associated with poor ambient air quality. The approach relies on unified and validated methods for assessing exposure and health risks, mathematical parameterization of cause-effect relations within the \"environment – public health\" system, and calculation of additional incidence as well as combined assessment of all the obtained results. \u0000Results. According to calculated data, which were also verified by instrumental observations of ambient air quality, the existing hygienic standards are violated as per 27 chemicals in residential areas. Elevated hazard quotients are identified for 26 chemicals (up to 98.7HQac; up to 62.7HQch). Additive effects of the analyzed chemicals crated elevated hazard indices (HI) in residential areas that could be ranked as \"alerting\" (36) for respiratory organs, the cardiovascular and hematopoietic systems, liver, kidneys, eyes, development, the immune, reproductive, endocrine, and other systems. The identified levels of airborne exposure annually cause approximately 80.9 thousand additional diseases among the total population (71.0‰; 4.15% of the total incidence); \u000023 chemicals are considered priority risk factors (contributions vary between 0.25 and 65.0%). We have identified certain regularity for some disease classes: higher levels of additional incidence associated with ambient air quality are established in zones with higher airborne health risks. Thus, in zones where airborne risks for respiratory organs are HIch≤1, we identified no additional incidence as per such diseases; in zones with 16 (more than 1.09 million people), 5.0‰. \u0000Limitations. The suggested approaches have been obtained by calculation. Their results might differ from those obtained by targeted in-depth investigations aimed at creating an evidence base of health harm under adverse environmental conditions that do not conform to hygienic standards. The parameters of mathematical models within \"the environment – public health\" system have been obtained for a limited range of exposure to pollutants in ambient air and a limited list of airborne health risk factors. \u0000Conclusion. The suggested methodical approaches to posterior assessment of non-carcinogenic health risks allows quantifying these health risks as additional diseases associated with poor quality of the environment; they enlarge the results of health risk assessment and make them more precise, validate and support them with hygienic significance. They can be utilized within optimization of social and hygienic monitoring and assessment of effectiveness of implemented prevention activities.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"201 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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