Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1148-1153
V. E. Kriyt, YN Sladkova, O. Volchkova, Dmitriy N. Sklyar, VP Plekhanov
Introduction. The impact of geomagnetic field (GMF) on the human body is a proven fact, while an increased, but also a weakened geomagnetic field is the critical factor. The problems of normalization of GMF levels in existing residential and public buildings lead to the need for the use of calculation methods at the design stage of multistorey and high-rise buildings, the development of instrumental control methods at the stage of commissioning. The purpose of the study was to develop and scientifically substantiate methodological approaches to carrying out field measurements of GMF intensity and calculating the GMF attenuation coefficient in residential and public buildings. Materials and methods. The current and previously valid regulatory and methodological documents establishing requirements for geomagnetic field intensity measurements were analyzed, as well as protocols of GMF intensity measurement at thirty commissioned facilities completed in 2018–2022. Results. Issues arising during the measurements of GMF intensity and assessing hypogeomagnetic conditions in residential and public buildings are identified. The minimum required amount of work, control points of measurements, requirements to measuring instruments (MI), as well as to the processing and registration of the obtained measurement results are proposed. Limitations. The results of the study can be used only for measuring the GMF intensity and assessing hypogeomagnetic conditions in the premises of residential and public buildings, and are not applied to measurements in the workplace. Conclusion. The proposed methodological approaches will make it possible to carry out measurements of the geomagnetic field intensity, process and document the obtained results, as well as assess hypogeomagnetic conditions in residential and public buildings for compliance with current hygienic standards.
{"title":"Hypogeomagnetic field in residential and public buildings","authors":"V. E. Kriyt, YN Sladkova, O. Volchkova, Dmitriy N. Sklyar, VP Plekhanov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1148-1153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1148-1153","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The impact of geomagnetic field (GMF) on the human body is a proven fact, while an increased, but also a weakened geomagnetic field is the critical factor. The problems of normalization of GMF levels in existing residential and public buildings lead to the need for the use of calculation methods at the design stage of multistorey and high-rise buildings, the development of instrumental control methods at the stage of commissioning. \u0000The purpose of the study was to develop and scientifically substantiate methodological approaches to carrying out field measurements of GMF intensity and calculating the GMF attenuation coefficient in residential and public buildings. \u0000Materials and methods. The current and previously valid regulatory and methodological documents establishing requirements for geomagnetic field intensity measurements were analyzed, as well as protocols of GMF intensity measurement at thirty commissioned facilities completed in 2018–2022. \u0000Results. Issues arising during the measurements of GMF intensity and assessing hypogeomagnetic conditions in residential and public buildings are identified. The minimum required amount of work, control points of measurements, requirements to measuring instruments (MI), as well as to the processing and registration of the obtained measurement results are proposed. \u0000Limitations. The results of the study can be used only for measuring the GMF intensity and assessing hypogeomagnetic conditions in the premises of residential and public buildings, and are not applied to measurements in the workplace. \u0000Conclusion. The proposed methodological approaches will make it possible to carry out measurements of the geomagnetic field intensity, process and document the obtained results, as well as assess hypogeomagnetic conditions in residential and public buildings for compliance with current hygienic standards.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"214 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1236-1240
N. Khusnutdinova, E. F. Repina, T. Yakupova, A. R. Gimadieva, D. Karimov, E. Shaikhlislamova, A. Bakirov, Denis D. Karimov, S. S. Baygildin, Elena Yu. Chernyaeva
Introduction. Acrylamide is widely used in industry. Considering the potential danger of acute acrylamide poisoning, it seems urgent to search for new effective ways to protect and increase the body’s resistance to extreme exposure. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative assessment of the protective effect of hydroxymethyluracil complex compounds when administering moderate lethal doses of acrylamide to laboratory animals. Materials and methods. The subacute experiment was conducted on thirty outbred male rats weighted of 189–194 g. For 14 days, a toxicant was administered intragastrically at a dose of 20 mg per kg of body weight, then a single dose of 200 mg per kg of body weight was administered. Animals received complex compounds of hydroxymethyluracil with ascorbic acid and sodium succinate (50 mg per kg body weight), with acetylcysteine (500 mg per kg body weight) one hour before acrylamide. Against the background of the administration of complex compounds without acrylamide to the animals. Then one week later, an analysis of the mortality was carried out, and the weight coefficients of the liver and kidneys were determined in the surviving animals. Results. When acrylamide was administered to animals at the level of average lethal doses, 4 out of 6 animals died in the positive control group. In the groups in which animals received, in addition to acrylamide, the compound of hydroxymethyluracil with ascorbic acid and sodium succinate, the death rate was 2 out of 6 rats. Among the animals that received the compound of hydroxymethyluracil with acetylcysteine, no mortality was recorded within 7 days, as in the group negative control. Limitations of the study are that the protective effect of hydroxymethyluracil complex compounds was assessed only on one species and gender of laboratory animals. Conclusion. The complex compound of hydroxymethyluracil with acetylcysteine has a significant protective effect on male rats under extreme exposure to acrylamide at the level of moderate lethal doses. For a more complete understanding of the mechanism of action and a final judgment about the protective properties of the being studied complex compounds, it is necessary to continue research with analysis of changes in other indicators of the health status of laboratory animals.
{"title":"Experimental assessment of the protective effect of hydroxymethyluracil complex compounds under extreme exposure to acrylamide","authors":"N. Khusnutdinova, E. F. Repina, T. Yakupova, A. R. Gimadieva, D. Karimov, E. Shaikhlislamova, A. Bakirov, Denis D. Karimov, S. S. Baygildin, Elena Yu. Chernyaeva","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1236-1240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1236-1240","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Acrylamide is widely used in industry. Considering the potential danger of acute acrylamide poisoning, it seems urgent to search for new effective ways to protect and increase the body’s resistance to extreme exposure. \u0000The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative assessment of the protective effect of hydroxymethyluracil complex compounds when administering moderate lethal doses of acrylamide to laboratory animals. \u0000Materials and methods. The subacute experiment was conducted on thirty outbred male rats weighted of 189–194 g. For 14 days, a toxicant was administered intragastrically at a dose of 20 mg per kg of body weight, then a single dose of 200 mg per kg of body weight was administered. Animals received complex compounds of hydroxymethyluracil with ascorbic acid and sodium succinate (50 mg per kg body weight), with acetylcysteine (500 mg per kg body weight) one hour before acrylamide. Against the background of the administration of complex compounds without acrylamide to the animals. Then one week later, an analysis of the mortality was carried out, and the weight coefficients of the liver and kidneys were determined in the surviving animals. \u0000Results. When acrylamide was administered to animals at the level of average lethal doses, 4 out of 6 animals died in the positive control group. In the groups in which animals received, in addition to acrylamide, the compound of hydroxymethyluracil with ascorbic acid and sodium succinate, the death rate was \u00002 out of 6 rats. Among the animals that received the compound of hydroxymethyluracil with acetylcysteine, no mortality was recorded within 7 days, as in the group negative control. \u0000Limitations of the study are that the protective effect of hydroxymethyluracil complex compounds was assessed only on one species and gender of laboratory animals. \u0000Conclusion. The complex compound of hydroxymethyluracil with acetylcysteine has a significant protective effect on male rats under extreme exposure to acrylamide at the level of moderate lethal doses. For a more complete understanding of the mechanism of action and a final judgment about the protective properties of the being studied complex compounds, it is necessary to continue research with analysis of changes in other indicators of the health status of laboratory animals.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"289 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1154-1162
Lyudmila P. Voronina, K. Ponogaybo, Eugene G. Abramov, Nadezhda A. Kiryakova, O. Savostikova
Introduction. There is discussed the influence of various concentrations of Cd in the soil taking into account their established limiting values on plants in the publication. Materials and methods. An express experiment was performed with Cd concentrations (0.5; 1.0; 2.5; 5.0 mg/kg) on Avena sativa L. and Sinapis alba L. using the phytotesting method. In a series of vegetation experiments, cultures of Lactuca sativa var. capitata and Hordeum vulgare L. were used. In this case, the Cd concentration increased to 15 mg/kg. Results. A pronounced level of toxicity (>50%) is manifested in the concentration of cadmium above 5 mg/kg, as established in preliminary experiments on podzolic soil. The results of vegetation studies indicate a pronounced negative effect of cadmium at concentrations above 5 mg/kg, regardless of the forms of its intake (State standard sample (SSS) and Cd(NO3)2). The biomass of barley and lettuce plants) is reduced by 54 and 36%, respectively (Cd in the form of SSS) and by 35 and 44% (Cd in the form of Cd(NO3)2). An increase in the content of Cd in the soil at a level of ~8–13 mg/kg accompanied by a high level of its accumulation in plants from 18.5 to 33.0 µg/g. Limitations. When studying the effect of cadmium at concentrations of 0.5–15 mg/kg in soil on plants in acute and chronic experiments, the following crops were used: Avena sativa L. and Sinapis alba L., Hordeum vulgare L. and Lactuca sativa var. To restrict a chemical element in the soil-plant system, one should strive to extend the duration of the study and diversify the choice of crops. Conclusion. The tested doses of cadmium may have some negative effects and increase the risk to human health. Doses of cadmium corresponding to the approximate permissible concentrations of this element in the soil reduce the quality of plant material, confirmed by its high concentrations.
{"title":"Regulation of cadmium in the soil according to its effect on plants","authors":"Lyudmila P. Voronina, K. Ponogaybo, Eugene G. Abramov, Nadezhda A. Kiryakova, O. Savostikova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1154-1162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1154-1162","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. There is discussed the influence of various concentrations of Cd in the soil taking into account their established limiting values on plants in the publication. \u0000Materials and methods. An express experiment was performed with Cd concentrations (0.5; 1.0; 2.5; 5.0 mg/kg) on Avena sativa L. and Sinapis alba L. using the phytotesting method. In a series of vegetation experiments, cultures of Lactuca sativa var. capitata and Hordeum vulgare L. were used. In this case, the Cd concentration increased to 15 mg/kg. \u0000Results. A pronounced level of toxicity (>50%) is manifested in the concentration of cadmium above 5 mg/kg, as established in preliminary experiments \u0000on podzolic soil. The results of vegetation studies indicate a pronounced negative effect of cadmium at concentrations above 5 mg/kg, regardless of the forms of its intake (State standard sample (SSS) and Cd(NO3)2). The biomass of barley and lettuce plants) is reduced by 54 and 36%, respectively (Cd in the form of SSS) and by 35 and 44% (Cd in the form of Cd(NO3)2). An increase in the content of Cd in the soil at a level of ~8–13 mg/kg accompanied by a high level of its accumulation in plants from 18.5 to 33.0 µg/g. \u0000Limitations. When studying the effect of cadmium at concentrations of 0.5–15 mg/kg in soil on plants in acute and chronic experiments, the following crops were used: Avena sativa L. and Sinapis alba L., Hordeum vulgare L. and Lactuca sativa var. To restrict a chemical element in the soil-plant system, one should strive to extend the duration of the study and diversify the choice of crops. \u0000Conclusion. The tested doses of cadmium may have some negative effects and increase the risk to human health. Doses of cadmium corresponding to the approximate permissible concentrations of this element in the soil reduce the quality of plant material, confirmed by its high concentrations.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1251-1254
Ivan A. Khlystov, T. Bushueva, Yuliya V. Gribova, Polina K. Kharkova, A. Labzova, Elizaveta P. Karpova, Aleksandra V. Bugayeva, R. R. Sakhautdinova, V. Gurvich
Introduction. Microplastics are among the most common environmental contaminants worldwide, which levels of pollution and harm to health have begun to be assessed only recently. Biological activity of microplastics has been established in "in vivo" and "in vitro": studies: they were found to impair the development and functioning of the digestive, reproductive, central nervous, immune, and circulatory systems, induce tissue and organ dysplasia, be geno-, neuro-, and cytotoxic. The findings necessitate monitoring of microplastics in water by supervisory authorities and business entities. Yet, there is no official method for determining microplastics in the aqueous environment in the Russian Federation. Our objective was to apply an express method for the qualitative determination of microplastics in surface waters and treated water before supply. Materials and methods. We analyzed water samples taken from two regional reservoirs and at water treatment plants before supply to the centralized system in two industrial cities of the Sverdlovsk Region by Nile red staining and subsequent identification of microplastics using a phase-contrast fluorescence microscope. Results. We found microplastics in both surface and treated water samples, and established their shape and size. Limitations. This method evaluates only qualitative characteristics of microplastics without establishing their chemical composition; the resolution of a microscope determines analytical accuracy. Conclusions. The applied method has enabled us to find microplastics in surface waters sampled at different depths and in the treated water before supply. Round and rod-shaped particles were observed in both types of water while those in the form of elongated filaments were detected only in surface water samples.
{"title":"Detection of microplastics particles in the aquatic environment by staining","authors":"Ivan A. Khlystov, T. Bushueva, Yuliya V. Gribova, Polina K. Kharkova, A. Labzova, Elizaveta P. Karpova, Aleksandra V. Bugayeva, R. R. Sakhautdinova, V. Gurvich","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1251-1254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1251-1254","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Microplastics are among the most common environmental contaminants worldwide, which levels of pollution and harm to health have begun to be assessed only recently. Biological activity of microplastics has been established in \"in vivo\" and \"in vitro\": studies: they were found to impair the development and functioning of the digestive, reproductive, central nervous, immune, and circulatory systems, induce tissue and organ dysplasia, be geno-, neuro-, and cytotoxic. The findings necessitate monitoring of microplastics in water by supervisory authorities and business entities. Yet, there is no official method for determining microplastics in the aqueous environment in the Russian Federation. \u0000Our objective was to apply an express method for the qualitative determination of microplastics in surface waters and treated water before supply. \u0000Materials and methods. We analyzed water samples taken from two regional reservoirs and at water treatment plants before supply to the centralized system in two industrial cities of the Sverdlovsk Region by Nile red staining and subsequent identification of microplastics using a phase-contrast fluorescence microscope. \u0000Results. We found microplastics in both surface and treated water samples, and established their shape and size. \u0000Limitations. This method evaluates only qualitative characteristics of microplastics without establishing their chemical composition; the resolution of a microscope determines analytical accuracy. \u0000Conclusions. The applied method has enabled us to find microplastics in surface waters sampled at different depths and in the treated water before supply. Round and rod-shaped particles were observed in both types of water while those in the form of elongated filaments were detected only in surface water samples.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"51 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1163-1169
Maria V. Medvedeva, Sergey G. Novikov
Introduction. There are presented results of a comprehensive ecological and microbiological assessment of soils located in the central part of the recreational zone of the city of Petrozavodsk, located in the middle taiga area. The study of chemical and microbiological properties of the soils of the park zone in the spatio-temporal aspect is of great importance for assessing the current state of soils and the trend of their development in conditions of anthropogenic impact, and can be the basis for urban ecological monitoring also. The aim of the study is ecological and microbiological monitoring of soils in places of mass recreation of the urban population (Petrozavodsk). Materials and methods. The object of the study was the soils of the plots located in the central part of the city. The soils located on the territory of the Kivach Nature Reserve were selected as a control. The acid-base properties of soils, the content of heavy metals, as well as the state of the microbiotic component of soils were evaluated. Based on the data on the content of heavy metals, the degree of soil contamination with heavy metals was determined. Results. Based on the data of a comprehensive study, the current state of the soils of the recreational zone of Petrozavodsk has been established. The comparative analysis of changes in chemical and microbiological properties, as well as data on the soil pollution coefficient in the space-time interval revealed a decrease in anthropogenic impact on soils. Changing the category of soil pollution is an important tool of environmental protection measures carried out on the territory of the city. Limitations. Work in the field of urban-ecological research is complicated by the lack of local regulatory documents that substantiate the hygienic standards for chemicals polluting the soil; limited monitoring points and work with mixed soil samples, which creates a problem of representativeness of the obtained data. Conclusion. The favourable conditions for the formation of soils in the park zone affect on their soil properties, which generally meet the hygienic requirements imposed on them. The established higher indicators of the soil pollution coefficient in certain areas indicate a high anthropogenic pressure in the past, are the basis for continuing research, the need for periodic work, as well as expanding the range of soil indicators used for early diagnosis of their degradation.
{"title":"Ecological and microbiological monitoring of soils in places of mass recreation","authors":"Maria V. Medvedeva, Sergey G. Novikov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1163-1169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1163-1169","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. There are presented results of a comprehensive ecological and microbiological assessment of soils located in the central part of the recreational zone of the city of Petrozavodsk, located in the middle taiga area. The study of chemical and microbiological properties of the soils of the park zone in the spatio-temporal aspect is of great importance for assessing the current state of soils and the trend of their development in conditions of anthropogenic impact, and can be the basis for urban ecological monitoring also. \u0000The aim of the study is ecological and microbiological monitoring of soils in places of mass recreation of the urban population (Petrozavodsk). \u0000Materials and methods. The object of the study was the soils of the plots located in the central part of the city. The soils located on the territory of the Kivach Nature Reserve were selected as a control. The acid-base properties of soils, the content of heavy metals, as well as the state of the microbiotic component of soils were evaluated. Based on the data on the content of heavy metals, the degree of soil contamination with heavy metals was determined. \u0000Results. Based on the data of a comprehensive study, the current state of the soils of the recreational zone of Petrozavodsk has been established. The comparative analysis of changes in chemical and microbiological properties, as well as data on the soil pollution coefficient in the space-time interval revealed a decrease in anthropogenic impact on soils. Changing the category of soil pollution is an important tool of environmental protection measures carried out on the territory of the city. \u0000Limitations. Work in the field of urban-ecological research is complicated by the lack of local regulatory documents that substantiate the hygienic standards for chemicals polluting the soil; limited monitoring points and work with mixed soil samples, which creates a problem of representativeness of the obtained data. \u0000Conclusion. The favourable conditions for the formation of soils in the park zone affect on their soil properties, which generally meet the hygienic requirements imposed on them. The established higher indicators of the soil pollution coefficient in certain areas indicate a high anthropogenic pressure in the past, are the basis for continuing research, the need for periodic work, as well as expanding the range of soil indicators used for early diagnosis of their degradation.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"542 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1255-1260
M. M. Aslanova, A. V. Zagainova, T. R. Maniya, Daria V. Rakitina, I. Abramov, I. Kurbatova, O. Savostikova
Introduction. The unregulated use of undisinfected sewage, their sludge, manure and runoff from livestock farms plays a leading role in the contamination of soil, agricultural, vegetable, and berry crops with invasive material, creating a high risk of infection for people and animals with pathogens of helminthiases and intestinal protozoal diseases. The purpose of the research was to analyze and evaluate the current state of the presented sanitary and parasitological methods for studying soils. Materials and methods. The material was retrospectively analyzed literary data, state reports of Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing on the pollution of residential soils for 2019–2021. Results. As part of the experimental studies, there was made an assessment of approved sanitary and parasitological methods for studying soils, modern PCR methods and the patented IFM-IMS. The following results were obtained: Lamblia intestinalis, Toxocara spp. failed to be detected by Romanenko’s method found in 33.8% of cases, by Padchenko’s method Lamblia intestinalis – in 21.2% of cases, Toxocara spp. not detected, by the patented IMS-IFM method Lamblia intestinalis were found in 75.4%, Toxocara spp. – in 69.7%, by PCR , Lamblia intestinalis – in 11.4%, and Toxocara spp – in 34.1%. Limitations are related to the use in our own experimental studies of 2 types of parasitic agents – geohelminth eggs Toxocara spp. and cysts of the protozoan Lamblia intestinalis, as well as 2 types of soils, while data from state reports of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing contain the results of sanitary and parasitological control over the entire range of pathogens detected in various types of soils of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. It seems promising to introduce new parasitological soil research methods along with those approved to obtain a more complete and reliable picture of the level of parasitic contamination of soils in the Russian Federation for the timely implementation of stages of preventive measures.
{"title":"Analysis and evaluation of the current state of sanitary and parasitological methods of soil investigation","authors":"M. M. Aslanova, A. V. Zagainova, T. R. Maniya, Daria V. Rakitina, I. Abramov, I. Kurbatova, O. Savostikova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1255-1260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1255-1260","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The unregulated use of undisinfected sewage, their sludge, manure and runoff from livestock farms plays a leading role in the contamination of soil, agricultural, vegetable, and berry crops with invasive material, creating a high risk of infection for people and animals with pathogens of helminthiases and intestinal protozoal diseases. \u0000The purpose of the research was to analyze and evaluate the current state of the presented sanitary and parasitological methods for studying soils. \u0000Materials and methods. The material was retrospectively analyzed literary data, state reports of Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing on the pollution of residential soils for 2019–2021. \u0000Results. As part of the experimental studies, there was made an assessment of approved sanitary and parasitological methods for studying soils, modern PCR methods and the patented IFM-IMS. The following results were obtained: Lamblia intestinalis, Toxocara spp. failed to be detected by Romanenko’s method found in 33.8% of cases, by Padchenko’s method Lamblia intestinalis – in 21.2% of cases, Toxocara spp. not detected, by the patented IMS-IFM method Lamblia intestinalis were found in 75.4%, Toxocara spp. – in 69.7%, by PCR , Lamblia intestinalis – in 11.4%, and Toxocara spp – in 34.1%. \u0000Limitations are related to the use in our own experimental studies of 2 types of parasitic agents – geohelminth eggs Toxocara spp. and cysts of the protozoan Lamblia intestinalis, as well as 2 types of soils, while data from state reports of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing contain the results of sanitary and parasitological control over the entire range of pathogens detected in various types of soils of the Russian Federation. \u0000Conclusion. It seems promising to introduce new parasitological soil research methods along with those approved to obtain a more complete and reliable picture of the level of parasitic contamination of soils in the Russian Federation for the timely implementation of stages of preventive measures.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"492 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1177-1181
T. Obukhova, Olga G. Omelchenko, Ludmila N. Budkar, V. Gurvich, EG Plotko
Introduction. The current decrease in occupational exposures complicates expert examination of the link between job and disease, thus requiring the use of more sensitive and high-tech diagnostic techniques. In addition, a low incidence rate of occupational diseases against the background of poor working conditions indicates a possible increase in the incidence of “hidden” occupational diseases mimicking common non-communicable diseases. The purpose of our study was to assess the respiratory function in refractory workers using body plethysmography and measurements of the diffusing capacity of the lungs. Materials and methods: One hundred six male workers aged of 45.62±0.8 years, all engaged in refractory manufacturing for the average of 15.5±0.88 years and at risk of dust-related respiratory diseases, were examined in our Occupational Health Center within the regular health check-up. Results. The results of body plethysmography (a pulmonary function test) showed a decrease in the FEV1/FVC ratio, i.e. the ratio of the forced expiratory volume over the first one second to the forced vital capacity of the lungs, to the group average of 77.87±0.76% of the normal value. We also observed increased bronchial resistance during exhalation and total bronchial resistance in 65% and 50.9% of the workers, respectively. We registered a decreased transfer factor in the examined subjects with the group average of 73.9±1.37%. Neither chest X-ray nor CT scan showed significant changes in most of workers. Signs of emphysema were registered in 5.7% of those examined cases. No significant differences in the prevalence of obstructive disorders were found between smoking and non-smoking workers. Bronchial obstructive syndrome in combination with impaired pulmonary gas exchange and respiratory muscle fatigue was registered in 16 workers (15%), thus necessitating specific therapy to interfere with disease progression. Limitations. Our findings cannot be extrapolated to the workforce as a whole, since only men included in the study cohort. Conclusions. Indicators of the diffusing capacity of the lungs, which simultaneously reflect both pulmonary ventilation and perfusion, in combination with findings of body plethysmography and chest CT scan, can provide important information about functional changes in the respiratory system. Early diagnosis of bronchial obstructive syndrome allows timely beginning therapy and prevention of disease progression.
{"title":"Diagnosing disorders of respiratory mechanics in refractory workers","authors":"T. Obukhova, Olga G. Omelchenko, Ludmila N. Budkar, V. Gurvich, EG Plotko","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1177-1181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1177-1181","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The current decrease in occupational exposures complicates expert examination of the link between job and disease, thus requiring the use of more sensitive and high-tech diagnostic techniques. In addition, a low incidence rate of occupational diseases against the background of poor working conditions indicates a possible increase in the incidence of “hidden” occupational diseases mimicking common non-communicable diseases. \u0000The purpose of our study was to assess the respiratory function in refractory workers using body plethysmography and measurements of the diffusing capacity of the lungs. \u0000Materials and methods: One hundred six male workers aged of 45.62±0.8 years, all engaged in refractory manufacturing for the average of 15.5±0.88 years and at risk of dust-related respiratory diseases, were examined in our Occupational Health Center within the regular health check-up. \u0000Results. The results of body plethysmography (a pulmonary function test) showed a decrease in the FEV1/FVC ratio, i.e. the ratio of the forced expiratory volume over the first one second to the forced vital capacity of the lungs, to the group average of 77.87±0.76% of the normal value. We also observed increased bronchial resistance during exhalation and total bronchial resistance in 65% and 50.9% of the workers, respectively. We registered a decreased transfer factor in the examined subjects with the group average of 73.9±1.37%. Neither chest X-ray nor CT scan showed significant changes in most of workers. Signs of emphysema were registered in 5.7% of those examined cases. No significant differences in the prevalence of obstructive disorders were found between smoking and non-smoking workers. Bronchial obstructive syndrome in combination with impaired pulmonary gas exchange and respiratory muscle fatigue was registered \u0000in 16 workers (15%), thus necessitating specific therapy to interfere with disease progression. \u0000Limitations. Our findings cannot be extrapolated to the workforce as a whole, since only men included in the study cohort. \u0000Conclusions. Indicators of the diffusing capacity of the lungs, which simultaneously reflect both pulmonary ventilation and perfusion, in combination with findings of body plethysmography and chest CT scan, can provide important information about functional changes in the respiratory system. Early diagnosis of bronchial obstructive syndrome allows timely beginning therapy and prevention of disease progression.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"167 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1215-1223
Lilia M. Fatkhutdinova, G. F. Gabidinova, Аirat М. Dimiev, E. Valeeva, G. A. Timerbulatova
Introduction. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a group of promising nanomaterials for industrial and biomedical applications. There has been shown influence of the physicochemical characteristics of CNTs on the toxic effects, including the ability to cause DNA damage and induce apoptosis. In this study, there was carried out a comparative assessment of pro-apoptotic effects under exposure to single-walled and multi-walled CNTs produced in Russia on human respiratory cells. Materials and methods. Human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B, alveolar epithelial cells A549, and lung fibroblasts MRC5-SV40 were exposed to pristine and purified TUBALLTM SWCNTs and Taunit-M MWCNTs. In cells exposed to 4 concentrations (100, 50, 0.03, 0.0006 μg/ml) of all types of CNTs for 72 hours, the level of mRNA of the P53, BAX and BCL2 genes, as well as the level of reactive oxygen species were assessed. Results. All types of CNTs initiated apoptosis in human respiratory epithelial cells BEAS-2B and A549, but not in MRC5-SV40 lung fibroblasts. BEAS-2B were more sensitive to the effects of MWCNTs, while A549 were more sensitive to pristine SWCNTs. Apoptosis was initiated at low concentrations, including those corresponding to industrial exposures. The mechanism of oxidative stress could act as a factor in triggering apoptosis in lung epithelial cells. Limitations. Relatively short (72 hours) cell incubation time and the use of 2D cell models that do not consider real cell interactions. Conclusion. There were revealed differences in the mechanisms of initiation of the internal pathway of apoptosis and sensitivity to different types of CNTs depending on the type of epithelial cells. Comparative analysis of the initiation of apoptosis by different types of CNTs has shown that there are differences in potential target cells and toxic mechanisms, which should be considered in further studies.
{"title":"Apoptosis as a mechanism of human respiratory cell death upon exposure to carbon nanotubes","authors":"Lilia M. Fatkhutdinova, G. F. Gabidinova, Аirat М. Dimiev, E. Valeeva, G. A. Timerbulatova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1215-1223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1215-1223","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a group of promising nanomaterials for industrial and biomedical applications. There has been shown influence of the physicochemical characteristics of CNTs on the toxic effects, including the ability to cause DNA damage and induce apoptosis. In this study, there was carried out a comparative assessment of pro-apoptotic effects under exposure to single-walled and multi-walled CNTs produced in Russia on human respiratory cells. \u0000Materials and methods. Human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B, alveolar epithelial cells A549, and lung fibroblasts MRC5-SV40 were exposed to pristine and purified TUBALLTM SWCNTs and Taunit-M MWCNTs. In cells exposed to 4 concentrations (100, 50, 0.03, 0.0006 μg/ml) of all types of CNTs for 72 hours, the level of mRNA of the P53, BAX and BCL2 genes, as well as the level of reactive oxygen species were assessed. \u0000Results. All types of CNTs initiated apoptosis in human respiratory epithelial cells BEAS-2B and A549, but not in MRC5-SV40 lung fibroblasts. BEAS-2B were more sensitive to the effects of MWCNTs, while A549 were more sensitive to pristine SWCNTs. Apoptosis was initiated at low concentrations, including those corresponding to industrial exposures. The mechanism of oxidative stress could act as a factor in triggering apoptosis in lung epithelial cells. \u0000Limitations. Relatively short (72 hours) cell incubation time and the use of 2D cell models that do not consider real cell interactions. \u0000Conclusion. There were revealed differences in the mechanisms of initiation of the internal pathway of apoptosis and sensitivity to different types of CNTs depending on the type of epithelial cells. Comparative analysis of the initiation of apoptosis by different types of CNTs has shown that there are differences in potential target cells and toxic mechanisms, which should be considered in further studies.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"60 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1170-1176
V. A. Shirokov, Anna V. Novikova, E. V. Zibarev, A. V. Zheglova, Inna V. Butakova
Introduction. Timely detection and prevention of burnout syndrome in various occupational groups is an urgent task of occupational health, since this condition directly affects the health, working capacity, and quality of life in workers. The purpose of the study. an analytical review of Russian literature on the prevalence, risk factors, and prevention of burnout syndrome in various occupational groups and the definition of criteria for the formation of risk groups. The search for articles was carried out using information portals including eLibrary.ru, CyberLeninka, PubMed, Medscape, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science. Inclusion criteria: search depth of eleven years (2012–2022), Russian original full-text articles in open access. Initially, one thousand eight hundred sixty five publications were identified, of which 38 cohort selected that met the inclusion criteria. A high prevalence of burnout was revealed among health workers, educators, IT-specialists and law enforcement officials, slightly less among aviation service specialists, employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, media workers, bank employees, and miners. There are discussed leading risk factors for the development of burnout among employees in various fields of activity. A number of studies have studied the neurophysiological characteristics of patients with burnout syndrome, showing the relationship between burnout and affective disorders. Many studies discuss various approaches to the prevention and treatment of burnout syndrome, but the effectiveness of the proposed methods is evaluated only in a few studies. In modern conditions, there is a need for further research, conceptualization and systematization in managing job burnout.
{"title":"Prevention of emotional burnout syndrome in various occupational groups (analytical review)","authors":"V. A. Shirokov, Anna V. Novikova, E. V. Zibarev, A. V. Zheglova, Inna V. Butakova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1170-1176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1170-1176","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Timely detection and prevention of burnout syndrome in various occupational groups is an urgent task of occupational health, since this condition directly affects the health, working capacity, and quality of life in workers. \u0000The purpose of the study. an analytical review of Russian literature on the prevalence, risk factors, and prevention of burnout syndrome in various occupational groups and the definition of criteria for the formation of risk groups. \u0000The search for articles was carried out using information portals including eLibrary.ru, CyberLeninka, PubMed, Medscape, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science. Inclusion criteria: search depth of eleven years (2012–2022), Russian original full-text articles in open access. Initially, one thousand eight hundred sixty five publications were identified, of which 38 cohort selected that met the inclusion criteria. \u0000A high prevalence of burnout was revealed among health workers, educators, IT-specialists and law enforcement officials, slightly less among aviation service specialists, employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, media workers, bank employees, and miners. There are discussed leading risk factors for the development of burnout among employees in various fields of activity. A number of studies have studied the neurophysiological characteristics of patients with burnout syndrome, showing the relationship between burnout and affective disorders. Many studies discuss various approaches to the prevention and treatment of burnout syndrome, but the effectiveness of the proposed methods is evaluated only in a few studies. In modern conditions, there is a need for further research, conceptualization and systematization in managing job burnout.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"256 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1224-1227
D. Shaikhova, A. M. Amromina, I.A. Bereza
The development of new approaches enabling differentiation of a wide range of toxic effects can significantly improve risk assessment. To understand the response mechanisms at the molecular level, it is important to study the expression of genes responsible for DNA repair, since this process is one of the early responses to toxic effects. The purpose of the study was to summarize available data on the expression of repair CDKN1A, MDM2, and ATM genes associated with toxic effects of exposure to heavy metals. A systematic search was carried out to identify studies on a given topic in the PubMed, Web of Science, eLIBRARY and Google Scholar electronic databases using the following keywords: heavy metals, CDKN1A, MDM2, ATM, toxicity, DNA repair, and gene expression. The initial search for scientific publications was carried out independently by three authors; then all sources found were checked and compared to filter out duplicate papers. This review covers 50 literature sources. The analysis of toxicogenome studies allowed us to identify several genes for assessing heavy metal toxicity among a large number of candidate biomarkers. The most commonly considered genes are the p21/CDKN1A gene, the MDM2 proto-oncogene, and the ATM gene. Limitations. The review is limited to considering changes in the expression of only a small number of genes responsible for DNA repair. Conclusion. The expression of the above biomarker genes provides a detailed picture of the response of a biological system to hazardous exposures and can be used as part of the assessment of toxic effects.
开发能够区分各种毒性效应的新方法可以大大改善风险评估。要了解分子水平的反应机制，研究负责 DNA 修复的基因的表达非常重要，因为这一过程是对毒性效应的早期反应之一。本研究旨在总结与重金属暴露毒性效应相关的CDKN1A、MDM2和ATM修复基因表达的现有数据。在PubMed、Web of Science、eLIBRARY和Google Scholar电子数据库中对特定主题的研究进行了系统性检索，使用的关键词包括：重金属、CDKN1A、MDM2、ATM、毒性、DNA修复和基因表达。最初的科学出版物搜索由三位作者独立完成，然后对找到的所有来源进行检查和比较，以过滤重复的论文。本综述涵盖 50 篇文献资料。通过对毒性基因组研究的分析，我们从大量候选生物标志物中找出了几个用于评估重金属毒性的基因。最常考虑的基因是 p21/CDKN1A 基因、MDM2 原癌基因和 ATM 基因。局限性。该综述仅限于考虑少数负责 DNA 修复的基因的表达变化。结论。上述生物标记基因的表达可详细描述生物系统对危险暴露的反应，可作为毒性效应评估的一部分。
{"title":"Expression of the CDKN1A, MDM2, and ATM genes as a biomarker of the toxic effect of heavy metals (literature review)","authors":"D. Shaikhova, A. M. Amromina, I.A. Bereza","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1224-1227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1224-1227","url":null,"abstract":"The development of new approaches enabling differentiation of a wide range of toxic effects can significantly improve risk assessment. To understand the response mechanisms at the molecular level, it is important to study the expression of genes responsible for DNA repair, since this process is one of the early responses to toxic effects. \u0000The purpose of the study was to summarize available data on the expression of repair CDKN1A, MDM2, and ATM genes associated with toxic effects of exposure to heavy metals. \u0000A systematic search was carried out to identify studies on a given topic in the PubMed, Web of Science, eLIBRARY and Google Scholar electronic databases using the following keywords: heavy metals, CDKN1A, MDM2, ATM, toxicity, DNA repair, and gene expression. The initial search for scientific publications was carried out independently by three authors; then all sources found were checked and compared to filter out duplicate papers. This review covers 50 literature sources. \u0000The analysis of toxicogenome studies allowed us to identify several genes for assessing heavy metal toxicity among a large number of candidate biomarkers. The most commonly considered genes are the p21/CDKN1A gene, the MDM2 proto-oncogene, and the ATM gene. \u0000Limitations. The review is limited to considering changes in the expression of only a small number of genes responsible for DNA repair. \u0000Conclusion. The expression of the above biomarker genes provides a detailed picture of the response of a biological system to hazardous exposures and can be used as part of the assessment of toxic effects.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"97 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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