Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1063-1068
T. A. Novikova, V. Spirin, Andrey M. Starshov
Introduction. Identification of functional disorders and prenosological conditions of the circulatory system under the conditions of adverse effects of the occupational environment is a necessary link in the development of measures to prevent health disorders in workers. Materials and methods. The study of functional indicators of hemodynamics, endurance and efficiency, functional reserves of the circulatory system, and ECG dispersion mapping using “Cardiovisor-06s” in eighty five male tractor drivers in agricultural production (agricultural machine operators) was carried out. The average age of the surveyed cases was 42.36±1.2 years, the average work experience in the occupation is 19.61±1.26 years. Results. Agricultural machine operators, whose working conditions are characterized by the influence of working environment factors with a prohypertensive effect, have been established to reveal changes in the indicators of the functional state of the circulatory system and a decrease in the adaptive capabilities of the body, indicating the manifestation of borderline states between the norm and pathology. Between the duration of work experience in the occupation and the level of functioning of the circulatory system, a statistically significant correlation was established (r = 0.53) According to ECG dispersion mapping, individual values of the “Myocardium” microalternation index in 14.3% of the examined cases corresponded to a borderline state close to the initial stage of probable pathology . The most pronounced changes, indicating a violation of cardiometabolic processes, were noted in workers over 40 years. The average values of the “Rhithm” index (RI), which characterizes the integral component of heart rate variability, which is a marker of the adaptive capabilities of the body, were in the range of 21–35% for all examined persons (with a normal value of 0–20%), which corresponded to an increased tension of regulatory systems or a borderline state. Increased individual levels of RI were more often recorded in people over 50 years. Limitations on the study are determined by the area of studying the subject of research in one professional cohort of workers. Conclusion. Early detection of prenosological changes in systemic hemodynamics and adaptation of the circulatory system can be one of the tools to identify the risk group of workers who need to develop and implement measures to prevent diseases of the circulatory system.
{"title":"Indicators of the functional state of the circulatory system among agricultural machine operators","authors":"T. A. Novikova, V. Spirin, Andrey M. Starshov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1063-1068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1063-1068","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Identification of functional disorders and prenosological conditions of the circulatory system under the conditions of adverse effects of the occupational environment is a necessary link in the development of measures to prevent health disorders in workers. Materials and methods. The study of functional indicators of hemodynamics, endurance and efficiency, functional reserves of the circulatory system, and ECG dispersion mapping using “Cardiovisor-06s” in eighty five male tractor drivers in agricultural production (agricultural machine operators) was carried out. The average age of the surveyed cases was 42.36±1.2 years, the average work experience in the occupation is 19.61±1.26 years. Results. Agricultural machine operators, whose working conditions are characterized by the influence of working environment factors with a prohypertensive effect, have been established to reveal changes in the indicators of the functional state of the circulatory system and a decrease in the adaptive capabilities of the body, indicating the manifestation of borderline states between the norm and pathology. Between the duration of work experience in the occupation and the level of functioning of the circulatory system, a statistically significant correlation was established (r = 0.53) According to ECG dispersion mapping, individual values of the “Myocardium” microalternation index in 14.3% of the examined cases corresponded to a borderline state close to the initial stage of probable pathology . The most pronounced changes, indicating a violation of cardiometabolic processes, were noted in workers over 40 years. The average values of the “Rhithm” index (RI), which characterizes the integral component of heart rate variability, which is a marker of the adaptive capabilities of the body, were in the range of 21–35% for all examined persons (with a normal value of 0–20%), which corresponded to an increased tension of regulatory systems or a borderline state. Increased individual levels of RI were more often recorded in people over 50 years. Limitations on the study are determined by the area of studying the subject of research in one professional cohort of workers. Conclusion. Early detection of prenosological changes in systemic hemodynamics and adaptation of the circulatory system can be one of the tools to identify the risk group of workers who need to develop and implement measures to prevent diseases of the circulatory system.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"BC-30 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1132-1142
N. Zaitseva, M. Zemlyanova, J. V. Koldibekova, D. Kiryanov, V. Chigvintsev
Introduction. Assessing the type of combined action of chemicals is a complex and pressing problem of hygiene and preventive medicine. The purpose of the work is to expand methodological approaches to assessing the characteristics of the combined interaction of a number of chemical substances based on the analysis of parameterized cause-and-effect relationships of exposure and negative effects and quantitative assessment of additional health risks. Materials and methods. There was applied basic multiple logistic regression model, which is an assessment of the probability of developing a negative effect simultaneously with the isolated and combined effects of substances. The model was implemented for three components, the exposure of which was confirmed by exposure to biomarkers. Expert assessment of the type of combined action, carried out taking into account the regression coefficients of the adopted models. Quantitative assessment of the additional risk of negative effects from isolated and combined exposure to substances is carried out according to the parameters of cause-and-effect relationships of exposure to biomarkers and effects. Approbation of the methodological method provided for conditions of exposure to short-term aerogenic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene, significantly exceeding the reference concentrations (15.4 Rfc), with combustion oxide and hydrofluoride at the level of reference indicators (0.2–0.8 Rfc). The results of a study of cause-and-effect relationships based on previously conducted (in 2021–2022) medical examinations of four hundred fifty four exposed and unexposed 4-7 years children were used as biomarker effects. Results. Depending on the binary combination of three chemical substances and the choice of biomarker of the negative effect (8 indicators), various options for the combined action were identified (24 options in total). For 10 of them, an increase in the adverse effect was established. The predominant nature of the action is the synergistic nature, which causes, in addition to the isolated one, the risk of developing negative effects on the part of the immune, bone and nervous systems, exceeding up to 56.8 times the acceptable level. Limitations. During the combination effect, there was measured the substance in a binary combination of substances, taking into account the adverse effect and the direction of biomarkers. Conclusion. In the practice of hygienic assessments, it is necessary to take into account the additional risk of developing negative effects with more complex types of combined action (synergism, antagonism) than simple summation, which will increase the objectivity of the hygienic assessment of the risk to the health of the exposed population. Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local ethical committee of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Reservative Technologies for Risk Management of the Population of the Rospotrebnadzor (meeting protocol
{"title":"Evaluation of the peculiarity of the combined action of a number of chemicals based on the analysis of parameterized cause-effect relationships of marketers of exposure and negative effects and quantitative evaluation of additional health risk","authors":"N. Zaitseva, M. Zemlyanova, J. V. Koldibekova, D. Kiryanov, V. Chigvintsev","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1132-1142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1132-1142","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Assessing the type of combined action of chemicals is a complex and pressing problem of hygiene and preventive medicine. The purpose of the work is to expand methodological approaches to assessing the characteristics of the combined interaction of a number of chemical substances based on the analysis of parameterized cause-and-effect relationships of exposure and negative effects and quantitative assessment of additional health risks. Materials and methods. There was applied basic multiple logistic regression model, which is an assessment of the probability of developing a negative effect simultaneously with the isolated and combined effects of substances. The model was implemented for three components, the exposure of which was confirmed by exposure to biomarkers. Expert assessment of the type of combined action, carried out taking into account the regression coefficients of the adopted models. Quantitative assessment of the additional risk of negative effects from isolated and combined exposure to substances is carried out according to the parameters of cause-and-effect relationships of exposure to biomarkers and effects. Approbation of the methodological method provided for conditions of exposure to short-term aerogenic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene, significantly exceeding the reference concentrations (15.4 Rfc), with combustion oxide and hydrofluoride at the level of reference indicators (0.2–0.8 Rfc). The results of a study of cause-and-effect relationships based on previously conducted (in 2021–2022) medical examinations of four hundred fifty four exposed and unexposed 4-7 years children were used as biomarker effects. Results. Depending on the binary combination of three chemical substances and the choice of biomarker of the negative effect (8 indicators), various options for the combined action were identified (24 options in total). For 10 of them, an increase in the adverse effect was established. The predominant nature of the action is the synergistic nature, which causes, in addition to the isolated one, the risk of developing negative effects on the part of the immune, bone and nervous systems, exceeding up to 56.8 times the acceptable level. Limitations. During the combination effect, there was measured the substance in a binary combination of substances, taking into account the adverse effect and the direction of biomarkers. Conclusion. In the practice of hygienic assessments, it is necessary to take into account the additional risk of developing negative effects with more complex types of combined action (synergism, antagonism) than simple summation, which will increase the objectivity of the hygienic assessment of the risk to the health of the exposed population. Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local ethical committee of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Reservative Technologies for Risk Management of the Population of the Rospotrebnadzor (meeting protocol ","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1096-1103
E. Bulycheva
Introduction. The restructuring of general education has led to the problem of overcrowding of schools, which in turn has caused the formation of a number of hygiene problems. Despite the active material and technical equipment of urban schools, the relevance of maintaining safe teaching conditions remains in general education. Materials and methods. The assessment of sanitary and epidemiological well-being in ten urban educational institutions was carried out according to the methodology of the Federal State Educational Institution ROSHUMZ-34-2016 “Algorithm for determining the level of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of an educational institution”. The intensification of the educational process was assessed according to the Federal Law ROSHUMZ-16-2015 “Hygienic assessment of the intensity of students’ learning activities”. Results. The leading factors that worsen the sanitary and epidemiological state of urban educational institutions were non-compliant with the hygienic requirements of the school environment and its premises, material and technical equipment, microclimate, lighting and the mode of management of training. The duration of extracurricular activities exceeded the standards by 1.8 times. In urban schools, the intensity of the educational process (class 3.1) was formed due to intellectual, sensory loads, monotony and the mode of academic work (class 3.1). It is necessary to regulate the volume of the academic load and introduce methods that allow quantifying the intensification of the educational process by analyzing the intensity of educational work. Limitations. The study on the assessment of the sanitary and epidemiological well-being in urban educational institutions was limited by the fact that the sample was represented by 10 urban schools, which does not allow them to be fully extrapolated to the total population of urban students. At the same time, the new type of schools included in the research with a design capacity of 1300 people could improve the indicators of sanitary and epidemiological safety, since modern newly built schools had good and new equipment, whereas in cities there are schools of the old type, where the learning conditions, the material and technical fund can be much worse. Conclusion. The data obtained emphasize the urgency of the need for continuous monitoring of educating conditions and the management of the educational process, taking into account modern risks that contribute to reducing the sanitary and epidemiological well-being in urban schools.
{"title":"Hygienic assessment of sanitary and epidemiological well-being in modern urban educational institutions","authors":"E. Bulycheva","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1096-1103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1096-1103","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The restructuring of general education has led to the problem of overcrowding of schools, which in turn has caused the formation of a number of hygiene problems. Despite the active material and technical equipment of urban schools, the relevance of maintaining safe teaching conditions remains in general education. Materials and methods. The assessment of sanitary and epidemiological well-being in ten urban educational institutions was carried out according to the methodology of the Federal State Educational Institution ROSHUMZ-34-2016 “Algorithm for determining the level of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of an educational institution”. The intensification of the educational process was assessed according to the Federal Law ROSHUMZ-16-2015 “Hygienic assessment of the intensity of students’ learning activities”. Results. The leading factors that worsen the sanitary and epidemiological state of urban educational institutions were non-compliant with the hygienic requirements of the school environment and its premises, material and technical equipment, microclimate, lighting and the mode of management of training. The duration of extracurricular activities exceeded the standards by 1.8 times. In urban schools, the intensity of the educational process (class 3.1) was formed due to intellectual, sensory loads, monotony and the mode of academic work (class 3.1). It is necessary to regulate the volume of the academic load and introduce methods that allow quantifying the intensification of the educational process by analyzing the intensity of educational work. Limitations. The study on the assessment of the sanitary and epidemiological well-being in urban educational institutions was limited by the fact that the sample was represented by 10 urban schools, which does not allow them to be fully extrapolated to the total population of urban students. At the same time, the new type of schools included in the research with a design capacity of 1300 people could improve the indicators of sanitary and epidemiological safety, since modern newly built schools had good and new equipment, whereas in cities there are schools of the old type, where the learning conditions, the material and technical fund can be much worse. Conclusion. The data obtained emphasize the urgency of the need for continuous monitoring of educating conditions and the management of the educational process, taking into account modern risks that contribute to reducing the sanitary and epidemiological well-being in urban schools.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"2 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139255555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1104-1107
O. Dolgikh, N. Zaitseva, Alena A. Subbotina, O. A. Kazakova, I. Alikina
Introduction. Ambient air pollution with heavy metals, included aluminum, creates their elevated levels in children and leads to rather early decompensation of weak genetically heritable systems of the body including the nervous system. Materials and methods. We examined eighty six 4–7 years children with asthenic syndrome. Fifty two of them (the test group) lived and attended preschool facilities in a zone influenced by emissions from aluminum production (a dose created by a non-ferrous metallurgic plant is 5.65•10–5 mg/(kg•day)). The reference group was made of 34 children who lived on a conditionally clean territory and were exposed to airborne aluminum in a dose of 3.0•10–6 mg/(kg•day). Within this study, there were examined several children’s biological media including urine (aluminum), blood (serotonin and cortisol), and buccal epithelium (HTR2A rs7997012 gene). Differences were considered to be significant at a p<0.05. Results. We established statistically significantly higher aluminum levels in urine (1.3 times higher) in the test group against the reference one (0.012±0.0001 and 0.0092±0.0012 respectively); authentically higher prevalence of the minor allele G of the HTR2A (rs7997012) serotonin receptor gene (authentically 1.6 times higher in the test group against the reference one). Both these factors create an elevated risk of asthenic syndrome, 1.86 times higher in the test group (OR=1.86; 95%CI (1.02–3.67)) together with lower serotonin levels (130.28±32.42 ng/ml and 183.35±34.57 ng/ml respectively) and higher cortisol levels (278.08±25.90 nmol/cm3 and 191.28±21.62 nmol/cm3 respectively). Limitations. The limitation is application of the identified stress biomarkers for diagnostics of nervous system disorders that manifest themselves in children through asthenic syndrome associated with exposure to aluminum. Conclusion. A/G replacement of the HTR2A (rs7997012) gene creates a 1.86 times higher risk of asthenic syndrome (OR=1.86; 95%CI (1.02–3.67)) for children with elevated aluminum levels in urine under inhalation exposure to it in a dose equal to 5.65•10–5 mg/kg•day). The disease would have such a peculiarity as longer recurrence and its biomarkers include an imbalance between indicators of a developing stress, cortisol, and serotonin.
{"title":"Biomarkers of stress in children with asthenic syndrome associated with aluminum contamination in biological media and A/G polymorphism of the HTR2A (rs7997012) serotonin receptor gene","authors":"O. Dolgikh, N. Zaitseva, Alena A. Subbotina, O. A. Kazakova, I. Alikina","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1104-1107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1104-1107","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Ambient air pollution with heavy metals, included aluminum, creates their elevated levels in children and leads to rather early decompensation of weak genetically heritable systems of the body including the nervous system. Materials and methods. We examined eighty six 4–7 years children with asthenic syndrome. Fifty two of them (the test group) lived and attended preschool facilities in a zone influenced by emissions from aluminum production (a dose created by a non-ferrous metallurgic plant is 5.65•10–5 mg/(kg•day)). The reference group was made of 34 children who lived on a conditionally clean territory and were exposed to airborne aluminum in a dose of 3.0•10–6 mg/(kg•day). Within this study, there were examined several children’s biological media including urine (aluminum), blood (serotonin and cortisol), and buccal epithelium (HTR2A rs7997012 gene). Differences were considered to be significant at a p<0.05. Results. We established statistically significantly higher aluminum levels in urine (1.3 times higher) in the test group against the reference one (0.012±0.0001 and 0.0092±0.0012 respectively); authentically higher prevalence of the minor allele G of the HTR2A (rs7997012) serotonin receptor gene (authentically 1.6 times higher in the test group against the reference one). Both these factors create an elevated risk of asthenic syndrome, 1.86 times higher in the test group (OR=1.86; 95%CI (1.02–3.67)) together with lower serotonin levels (130.28±32.42 ng/ml and 183.35±34.57 ng/ml respectively) and higher cortisol levels (278.08±25.90 nmol/cm3 and 191.28±21.62 nmol/cm3 respectively). Limitations. The limitation is application of the identified stress biomarkers for diagnostics of nervous system disorders that manifest themselves in children through asthenic syndrome associated with exposure to aluminum. Conclusion. A/G replacement of the HTR2A (rs7997012) gene creates a 1.86 times higher risk of asthenic syndrome (OR=1.86; 95%CI (1.02–3.67)) for children with elevated aluminum levels in urine under inhalation exposure to it in a dose equal to 5.65•10–5 mg/kg•day). The disease would have such a peculiarity as longer recurrence and its biomarkers include an imbalance between indicators of a developing stress, cortisol, and serotonin.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"59 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139256937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1043-1047
O. Dolgikh, O. A. Kazakova
Introduction. The impact of chemical and biological environmental factors is associated with the risk of a genetic predisposition to the development of cardiovascular and cancer-associated diseases, which determines the relevance of the search for genetic indicator markers of early disorders in the mRNA structure. Materials and methods. The analysis of TP53 rs1042522 gene polymorphism, as well as the relative normalized expression level of TP53 hs1034249_m1 transcript, in whole blood cell culture in healthy volunteers, both spontaneous and induced by 24-hour incubation with benzo[a]pyrene and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antigen (at concentrations of 0.006 mg/kg). Ml), was conducted. Results. Comparative analysis of spontaneous and antigen-induced levels of TP53 hs1034249_m1 mRNA expression allowed establishing individual and group values of relative expression associated with the polymorphism features of the TP53 rs1042522 gene. Benzo[a]pyrene and SARS-CoV-2 were found to have opposite effects on the expression of hs1034249_m1 TP53 genes in the case of the CG rs1042522 genotype, while the combined effect of benzo[a]pyrene and SARS-CoV-2, which reflected the inhibition of the expression of hs00900055_m1 of the TP53 gene was associated with the GG genotype. The limitations of the study are the use of a relatively small sample and a limited number of whole blood samples. Conclusion. The ability of benzo[a]pyrene and SARS-CoV-2 at concentrations of 6 µg/L to modify the expression of the TP53 apoptosis gene in vitro has been shown, which makes it possible to consider the increase in the expression of hs00900055_m1 of the TP53 gene induced by benzo[a]pyrene as one of the mechanisms for aggravating the course of viral infections (SARS-CoV-2) in connection with loss of p53-controlling for the development of inflammation (its proliferative phase) for owners of the heterozygous variant of CG TP53 rs1042522. In the case of variant monozygotic polymorphism GG TP53 rs1042522, the combination of benzo[a]pyrene and SARS-CoV-2 leads to inhibition of the expression of hs00900055_m1 mRNA of the TP53 gene, which is phenotypically reflected by the formation of asthenia, immunosuppression and onco-proliferative complications. The hs00900055_m1 transcript of the TP53 gene is recommended as an indicator for the tasks of diagnosing early disorders associated with the combination of SARS-CoV-2+ benzo[a]pyrene. The experiment simulates the natural conditions of real combinations of influencing factors.
{"title":"Expression of the TR53 oncosuppressor gene modified with benzo[a]pyrene and the SARS-COV-2 vaccine antigen in an in vitro experiment","authors":"O. Dolgikh, O. A. Kazakova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1043-1047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1043-1047","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The impact of chemical and biological environmental factors is associated with the risk of a genetic predisposition to the development of cardiovascular and cancer-associated diseases, which determines the relevance of the search for genetic indicator markers of early disorders in the mRNA structure. Materials and methods. The analysis of TP53 rs1042522 gene polymorphism, as well as the relative normalized expression level of TP53 hs1034249_m1 transcript, in whole blood cell culture in healthy volunteers, both spontaneous and induced by 24-hour incubation with benzo[a]pyrene and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antigen (at concentrations of 0.006 mg/kg). Ml), was conducted. Results. Comparative analysis of spontaneous and antigen-induced levels of TP53 hs1034249_m1 mRNA expression allowed establishing individual and group values of relative expression associated with the polymorphism features of the TP53 rs1042522 gene. Benzo[a]pyrene and SARS-CoV-2 were found to have opposite effects on the expression of hs1034249_m1 TP53 genes in the case of the CG rs1042522 genotype, while the combined effect of benzo[a]pyrene and SARS-CoV-2, which reflected the inhibition of the expression of hs00900055_m1 of the TP53 gene was associated with the GG genotype. The limitations of the study are the use of a relatively small sample and a limited number of whole blood samples. Conclusion. The ability of benzo[a]pyrene and SARS-CoV-2 at concentrations of 6 µg/L to modify the expression of the TP53 apoptosis gene in vitro has been shown, which makes it possible to consider the increase in the expression of hs00900055_m1 of the TP53 gene induced by benzo[a]pyrene as one of the mechanisms for aggravating the course of viral infections (SARS-CoV-2) in connection with loss of p53-controlling for the development of inflammation (its proliferative phase) for owners of the heterozygous variant of CG TP53 rs1042522. In the case of variant monozygotic polymorphism GG TP53 rs1042522, the combination of benzo[a]pyrene and SARS-CoV-2 leads to inhibition of the expression of hs00900055_m1 mRNA of the TP53 gene, which is phenotypically reflected by the formation of asthenia, immunosuppression and onco-proliferative complications. The hs00900055_m1 transcript of the TP53 gene is recommended as an indicator for the tasks of diagnosing early disorders associated with the combination of SARS-CoV-2+ benzo[a]pyrene. The experiment simulates the natural conditions of real combinations of influencing factors.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"50 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1019-1028
Artem D. Polyakov, M. Kombarova, A. S. Radilov, L. A. Alikbaeva, I. S. Yakubova, Anna V. Suvorova, O. Khurtsilava
Introduction. The problem of using highly toxic components of rocket fuel remains one of the main issues in ensuring the hygienic safety of the territory affected by rocket and space activities. Materials and methods. A hygienic assessment of environmental objects was carried out; structural and dynamic analysis of medical and demographic indicators, and morbidity in the population of the city of Tsiolkovsky. Results. The sources of emissions into the atmospheric air during the operation phase of the cosmodrome are the launch complex of the launch vehicle, the technical complex and the complex for the production and storage of rocket fuel components. Regular operation of the Cosmodrome Vostochny is not accompanied by the release of asymmetric dimethylhydrazine and its transformation products into the environment. Classifying facilities for the preparation and execution of space flights as objects of extremely high risk is associated with a potential risk to the health in the city’s population, which may arise from combined multi-environment exposure to chemicals of hazard classes 1 and 2, including rocket fuel components. The prevalence in the age structure of the population of the city of Tsiolkovsky younger than working age indicates a progressive structure of the population, both due to reproduction and the influx of labour. Primary and general morbidity in children and adolescents is characterized by higher levels compared to the morbidity in adults. Limitations. A number of uncertainties associated with incomplete information about all possible contaminants of environmental objects, as well as a low level of sensitivity of the analytical methods used compared to reference concentrations, which can lead to an overestimation of possible exposure. Conclusion. In the context of the further development of space infrastructure and the creation of new rocket systems at the Cosmodrome Vostochny, ensuring safe living conditions for the city’s population implies the continuation and improvement of work to monitor the state of the environment, potential sources of its anthropogenic pollution, as well as assessing and predicting the health of the population.
{"title":"Hygienic evaluation of environmental factors and public health in the Cosmodrome Vostochny","authors":"Artem D. Polyakov, M. Kombarova, A. S. Radilov, L. A. Alikbaeva, I. S. Yakubova, Anna V. Suvorova, O. Khurtsilava","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1019-1028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1019-1028","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The problem of using highly toxic components of rocket fuel remains one of the main issues in ensuring the hygienic safety of the territory affected by rocket and space activities. Materials and methods. A hygienic assessment of environmental objects was carried out; structural and dynamic analysis of medical and demographic indicators, and morbidity in the population of the city of Tsiolkovsky. Results. The sources of emissions into the atmospheric air during the operation phase of the cosmodrome are the launch complex of the launch vehicle, the technical complex and the complex for the production and storage of rocket fuel components. Regular operation of the Cosmodrome Vostochny is not accompanied by the release of asymmetric dimethylhydrazine and its transformation products into the environment. Classifying facilities for the preparation and execution of space flights as objects of extremely high risk is associated with a potential risk to the health in the city’s population, which may arise from combined multi-environment exposure to chemicals of hazard classes 1 and 2, including rocket fuel components. The prevalence in the age structure of the population of the city of Tsiolkovsky younger than working age indicates a progressive structure of the population, both due to reproduction and the influx of labour. Primary and general morbidity in children and adolescents is characterized by higher levels compared to the morbidity in adults. Limitations. A number of uncertainties associated with incomplete information about all possible contaminants of environmental objects, as well as a low level of sensitivity of the analytical methods used compared to reference concentrations, which can lead to an overestimation of possible exposure. Conclusion. In the context of the further development of space infrastructure and the creation of new rocket systems at the Cosmodrome Vostochny, ensuring safe living conditions for the city’s population implies the continuation and improvement of work to monitor the state of the environment, potential sources of its anthropogenic pollution, as well as assessing and predicting the health of the population.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139256416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1029-1034
A.V. Alekseeva, O. Savostikova
The article contains a literature review devoted to the safe use of modern organic reagents in drinking water supply practice. When conducting a literature search, the following databases were used as follows: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Global Health, RSCI, as well as a search method based on keywords and citations. The purpose of the review is that despite the large number of developed technologies and various reagents, the problem of removing anthropogenic and anthropogenic pollutants from natural water purification cannot be considered to be solved. Water purification technologies are being improved; their effectiveness largely depends on the intensification of reagent treatment. In addition to generally accepted laboratory studies of the reagents used in water treatment, it is necessary to conduct production tests to clarify the parameters of the health risk and toxicity of the transformation products formed during the water treatment process, as well as to study the effectiveness and safety of a set of reagents that together enter the water treatment process. The hygienic assessment of reagents should take into account the actual conditions of their use in drinking water supply practice, including further stages of water treatment. This concerns the assessment of the possible destruction of polymers during the production of composite reagents, the assessment of modifying additives included in their composition, the transformation of polymers in water during chlorination, chloramination, ozonation, under the influence of ultraviolet irradiation, and adjustment of a set of mandatory controlled indicators. To conduct these studies, laboratories must have publicly available analytical methods that allow accurately determining the presence of monomers, polymers, as well as various additives and transformation products in concentrations actually present in drinking water.
本文是一篇关于在饮用水供应实践中安全使用现代有机试剂的文献综述。在进行文献检索时，使用了以下数据库：Pubmed、Scopus、Web of Science、MedLine、Global Health、RSCI：Pubmed、Scopus、Web of Science、MedLine、Global Health、RSCI，以及基于关键词和引文的检索方法。综述的目的是，尽管开发了大量技术和各种试剂，但不能认为天然水净化中人为和人为污染物的去除问题已经解决。水净化技术正在不断改进；其有效性在很大程度上取决于试剂处理的强化。 除了对用于水处理的试剂进行普遍接受的实验室研究外，还有必要进行生产试验，以明确水处理过程中形成的转化产物的健康风险和毒性参数，以及研究共同进入水处理过程的一组试剂的有效性和安全性。试剂的卫生学评估应考虑到其在饮用水供应实践中的实际使用条件，包括水处理的进一步阶段。这涉及到在生产复合试剂过程中对聚合物可能造成的破坏进行评估，对其成分中包含的改性添加剂进行评估，在加氯、氯化、臭氧处理和紫外线照射过程中聚合物在水中的变化，以及对一套强制性控制指标的调整。要进行这些研究，实验室必须拥有公开可用的分析方法，以便准确测定饮用水中实际存在的单体、聚合物以及各种添加剂和转化产物的浓度。
{"title":"Issues of using modern organic reagents in the practice of drinking water supply (literature review)","authors":"A.V. Alekseeva, O. Savostikova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1029-1034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1029-1034","url":null,"abstract":"The article contains a literature review devoted to the safe use of modern organic reagents in drinking water supply practice. When conducting a literature search, the following databases were used as follows: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Global Health, RSCI, as well as a search method based on keywords and citations. The purpose of the review is that despite the large number of developed technologies and various reagents, the problem of removing anthropogenic and anthropogenic pollutants from natural water purification cannot be considered to be solved. Water purification technologies are being improved; their effectiveness largely depends on the intensification of reagent treatment. In addition to generally accepted laboratory studies of the reagents used in water treatment, it is necessary to conduct production tests to clarify the parameters of the health risk and toxicity of the transformation products formed during the water treatment process, as well as to study the effectiveness and safety of a set of reagents that together enter the water treatment process. The hygienic assessment of reagents should take into account the actual conditions of their use in drinking water supply practice, including further stages of water treatment. This concerns the assessment of the possible destruction of polymers during the production of composite reagents, the assessment of modifying additives included in their composition, the transformation of polymers in water during chlorination, chloramination, ozonation, under the influence of ultraviolet irradiation, and adjustment of a set of mandatory controlled indicators. To conduct these studies, laboratories must have publicly available analytical methods that allow accurately determining the presence of monomers, polymers, as well as various additives and transformation products in concentrations actually present in drinking water.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139256630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1119-1124
M. Zemlyanova, N. Zaitseva, M. Stepankov
Introduction. Molybdenum (VI) oxide nanoparticles (MoO3 NPs) are being actively introduced into practical use as part of catalysts, optics, plastics, textiles, coatings, and lubricants, gas sensors, and crude oil refining processes. MoO3 NPs are known to exhibit toxic properties when interacting with living systems. Atmospheric air pollution with potentially dangerous MoO3 NPs can contribute to the inhalation exposure in the population and, as a result, the development of health disorders caused by the toxic effect of the nanomaterial. In this regard, the study of the adverse effects caused by MoO3 NPs entering the body during aerogenic exposure is particularly relevant. The aim of the study. Investigation and evaluation of subacute toxicity of MoO3 NPs by the inhalation route of entry into the body in comparison with a microsized chemical analogue. Materials and methods. The physical properties of MoO3 NPs were studied in comparison with microparticles (MPs). In an experiment on Wistar rats, a comparative analysis was performed and a characteristic of the pathogenetic features of the toxic effect of particles during subacute inhalation exposure at a concentration of 1.84 mg/m3 was given. Results. According to the totality of physical properties, the MoO3 sample under study is a nanomaterial with an average particle size of 58.8 nm, constituting 84.2% of the total number of particles. MoO3 NPs accumulate in the heart, lungs, kidneys, and brain. The concentration of molybdenum is by 2.50–15.85 times higher than the control levels. The highest content of the studied element was found in the lungs. Bioaccumulation of MP MoO3 was noted only in the lungs, while the concentration of molybdenum is by 3.00 times less in comparison with the exposure to NPs. When exposed to MoO3 NPs, more pronounced changes in biochemical (an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase, LDH, the concentration of total bilirubin and creatinine by 1.29–2.11 times) and hematological parameters (a decrease in the number of platelets and thrombocrit by 1.2 times) of blood were noted relative to the impact of a microscale analogue. Under the influence of NPs and MPs of MoO3, pathomorphological changes develop in the lungs, brain, and liver tissues. When exposed to NPs, compensatory lung emphysema, focal microvesicular steatosis in hepatocytes, and acute plethora in the liver were found, which were not detected during exposure to NPs. Limitations. The study was performed only with subacute inhalation exposure to NPs and MPs of MoO3 in Wistar rats. Conclusion. MoO3 NPs have a higher degree of bioaccumulation and toxicity relative to MPs. The results of the study make it possible to expand theoretical concepts and gain new knowledge in the field of nanotoxicology about the features of the toxic effect of nano-sized MoO3 with multiple inhalation routes of entry into the body at a concentration of 1.84 mg/m3. Compliance with ethical standards. The study was car
{"title":"Research and assessment of the molybdenum oxide (VI) nanoparticles toxiсity under inhalation in WISTAR line rats in comparison with the micro-sized chemical analog","authors":"M. Zemlyanova, N. Zaitseva, M. Stepankov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1119-1124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1119-1124","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Molybdenum (VI) oxide nanoparticles (MoO3 NPs) are being actively introduced into practical use as part of catalysts, optics, plastics, textiles, coatings, and lubricants, gas sensors, and crude oil refining processes. MoO3 NPs are known to exhibit toxic properties when interacting with living systems. Atmospheric air pollution with potentially dangerous MoO3 NPs can contribute to the inhalation exposure in the population and, as a result, the development of health disorders caused by the toxic effect of the nanomaterial. In this regard, the study of the adverse effects caused by MoO3 NPs entering the body during aerogenic exposure is particularly relevant. The aim of the study. Investigation and evaluation of subacute toxicity of MoO3 NPs by the inhalation route of entry into the body in comparison with a microsized chemical analogue. Materials and methods. The physical properties of MoO3 NPs were studied in comparison with microparticles (MPs). In an experiment on Wistar rats, a comparative analysis was performed and a characteristic of the pathogenetic features of the toxic effect of particles during subacute inhalation exposure at a concentration of 1.84 mg/m3 was given. Results. According to the totality of physical properties, the MoO3 sample under study is a nanomaterial with an average particle size of 58.8 nm, constituting 84.2% of the total number of particles. MoO3 NPs accumulate in the heart, lungs, kidneys, and brain. The concentration of molybdenum is by 2.50–15.85 times higher than the control levels. The highest content of the studied element was found in the lungs. Bioaccumulation of MP MoO3 was noted only in the lungs, while the concentration of molybdenum is by 3.00 times less in comparison with the exposure to NPs. When exposed to MoO3 NPs, more pronounced changes in biochemical (an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase, LDH, the concentration of total bilirubin and creatinine by 1.29–2.11 times) and hematological parameters (a decrease in the number of platelets and thrombocrit by 1.2 times) of blood were noted relative to the impact of a microscale analogue. Under the influence of NPs and MPs of MoO3, pathomorphological changes develop in the lungs, brain, and liver tissues. When exposed to NPs, compensatory lung emphysema, focal microvesicular steatosis in hepatocytes, and acute plethora in the liver were found, which were not detected during exposure to NPs. Limitations. The study was performed only with subacute inhalation exposure to NPs and MPs of MoO3 in Wistar rats. Conclusion. MoO3 NPs have a higher degree of bioaccumulation and toxicity relative to MPs. The results of the study make it possible to expand theoretical concepts and gain new knowledge in the field of nanotoxicology about the features of the toxic effect of nano-sized MoO3 with multiple inhalation routes of entry into the body at a concentration of 1.84 mg/m3. Compliance with ethical standards. The study was car","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"32 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1125-1131
M. Zemlyanova, E. V. Peskova, M. Stepankov
Introduction. Highly informative research methods, which include proteomic profiling, make it possible to predict the development of negative effects on the part of critical human organs and systems at the earliest stages of their formation. In combination with toxicological studies, these methods allow changes in the protein profile of blood plasma, identified in the experiment on biological models, to be extrapolated to humans. Determination of the expression, functional characteristics and tissue identity of altered proteins and peptides provides clarification of the mechanisms of homeostasis disorders at the cellular and molecular level associated with exposure to chemicals. The purpose of the work is to identify and evaluate changes in the proteomic profile of blood plasma during experimental exposure to aluminum oxide in order to predict negative effects on the part of critical human organs and systems. Materials and methods. When modelling inhalation exposure to aluminum oxide at a dose of 0.0025 mg/(kg·day), equivalent to the dose in natural exposure conditions with an annual averaging period, and taking into account interspecies dose transfer, in an experiment on Wistar rats, the content of this metal in urine and a comparative analysis of the proteomic profile of the blood plasma of exposed and unexposed individuals was carried out. Using the methods of statistical and bioinformatic analysis, the data obtained in the experiment were extrapolated to humans in order to predict negative effects on the part of critical organs and systems during chronic aerogenic exposure to aluminum. Results. With chronic inhalation intake of aluminum oxide at a dose of 0.0025 mg/(kg·day) in animals of the experimental group, the content of aluminum in the urine was 3.5 times higher than that in the control group. As a result of densitometric measurement and comparative analysis of proteomic maps of blood plasma of exposed and unexposed animals, 13 protein spots were found, the intensity of which significantly differs between groups, which was proved to be related to the aluminum content in the urine. When comparing the mass spectra of these protein spots, 8 proteins were identified that coincided with the proteins of the library mass spectrum (Actin-binding Rho-activating protein; Aldehyde dehydrogenase, cytosol 1; Apolipoprotein A-I; Sec22b protein transporting vesicles; Elongation factor 1-γ; Neurosecretory protein Vgf; Pumilio homologue 3; Teneurin-2). As a result of bioinformatics analysis, there were determined genes encoding the identified proteins, their participation in biological processes (cellular and metabolic processes, biological regulation processes) and tissues of organs in which they have an increased expression (liver, brain, heart, muscles, small intestine, spleen, uterus, testicles, adrenal glands). In humans, orthologues of established genes have been identified, which makes it possible to use the proteins identified in the ex
{"title":"Proteomic profiling of blood plasma in chronic experimental exposure to aluminum oxide as a tool for predicting adverse effects from critical human organs and systems","authors":"M. Zemlyanova, E. V. Peskova, M. Stepankov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1125-1131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1125-1131","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Highly informative research methods, which include proteomic profiling, make it possible to predict the development of negative effects on the part of critical human organs and systems at the earliest stages of their formation. In combination with toxicological studies, these methods allow changes in the protein profile of blood plasma, identified in the experiment on biological models, to be extrapolated to humans. Determination of the expression, functional characteristics and tissue identity of altered proteins and peptides provides clarification of the mechanisms of homeostasis disorders at the cellular and molecular level associated with exposure to chemicals. The purpose of the work is to identify and evaluate changes in the proteomic profile of blood plasma during experimental exposure to aluminum oxide in order to predict negative effects on the part of critical human organs and systems. Materials and methods. When modelling inhalation exposure to aluminum oxide at a dose of 0.0025 mg/(kg·day), equivalent to the dose in natural exposure conditions with an annual averaging period, and taking into account interspecies dose transfer, in an experiment on Wistar rats, the content of this metal in urine and a comparative analysis of the proteomic profile of the blood plasma of exposed and unexposed individuals was carried out. Using the methods of statistical and bioinformatic analysis, the data obtained in the experiment were extrapolated to humans in order to predict negative effects on the part of critical organs and systems during chronic aerogenic exposure to aluminum. Results. With chronic inhalation intake of aluminum oxide at a dose of 0.0025 mg/(kg·day) in animals of the experimental group, the content of aluminum in the urine was 3.5 times higher than that in the control group. As a result of densitometric measurement and comparative analysis of proteomic maps of blood plasma of exposed and unexposed animals, 13 protein spots were found, the intensity of which significantly differs between groups, which was proved to be related to the aluminum content in the urine. When comparing the mass spectra of these protein spots, 8 proteins were identified that coincided with the proteins of the library mass spectrum (Actin-binding Rho-activating protein; Aldehyde dehydrogenase, cytosol 1; Apolipoprotein A-I; Sec22b protein transporting vesicles; Elongation factor 1-γ; Neurosecretory protein Vgf; Pumilio homologue 3; Teneurin-2). As a result of bioinformatics analysis, there were determined genes encoding the identified proteins, their participation in biological processes (cellular and metabolic processes, biological regulation processes) and tissues of organs in which they have an increased expression (liver, brain, heart, muscles, small intestine, spleen, uterus, testicles, adrenal glands). In humans, orthologues of established genes have been identified, which makes it possible to use the proteins identified in the ex","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139256965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1069-1077
P. Shur, D. N. Lir, V.B. Alekseev, A. O. Barg, Ilia Vindokurov, E. V. Khrushcheva
Introduction. Assessment of work intensity (WI) is challenged by several methodical complications. It may involve certain underestimation of an actual hazard category of working conditions and fails to consider work modification. Materials and methods. The study relies on using analytical, sociological, and statistical methods. To test the selected approach, a sample was created from workers with mostly mental work (n=137, 77% females). Their average age was 43.9±8.0 years; average work experience was 14.5±3.7 years. Results. In this article, we suggest certain approaches to assessing WI. They include self-assessment of a factor using a specifically designed questionnaire; they clarify indicators that describe WI; when assessing working conditions, they rely on matrices of interrelated indicators. This procedure makes it possible to estimate levels of individual components and create an integral WI profile as well as identify contributions made by various intensity types to its overall structure. When testing the procedure, we established workers with mostly mental work to tend to have harmful working conditions as per WI factor (the hazard category 3.1 in 24.8% of the cases; 3.2, 56.9% of the cases; and the hazard category 3.3 in 17.5% of the cases). Mental (28.6±6.1%) and sensory (24.0±7.0%) loads are limiting components. Amid implementation of anti-epidemic activities, work regime was established as the most sensitive WI component (its contribution grew from 11.1±6.0 to 16.0±5.7%, p<0.05). Working conditions moved to a higher hazard category for 35.8% workers. Limitations. Assessment of working conditions uses threshold values introduced more than 30 years ago and can be adjusted for the existing employment conditions. The testing was accomplished on a rather small sample, which was biased as per gender and included workers with different occupations and positions. Conclusion. The suggested approaches offer wider opportunities to assess working conditions as per WI with respect to some occupations. This may substantiate a list of indicators that should be regulated by the existing sanitary legislation. Investigation of possible modification of factors during the pandemic makes it possible to describe eligibility of anti-epidemic activities without any deterioration of working conditions.
简介工作强度（WI）评估在方法上存在一些复杂问题。它可能会低估工作条件的实际危害类别，并且没有考虑工作的调整。 材料和方法。本研究采用分析、社会学和统计学方法。为测试所选方法，研究人员从从事脑力劳动的工人（人数为 137 人，77% 为女性）中抽取样本。他们的平均年龄为 43.9±8.0岁；平均工作年限为 14.5±3.7年。 研究结果在本文中，我们提出了一些评估 WI 的方法。这些方法包括使用专门设计的问卷对某一因素进行自我评估；明确描述 WI 的指标；在评估工作条件时，依靠相互关联的指标矩阵。通过这一程序，我们可以估算出各个组成部分的水平，创建一个完整的 WI 概要，并确定各种强度类型对其整体结构的贡献。在对该程序进行测试时，我们根据 WI 因素确定了主要从事脑力劳动的工人往往具有有害的工作条件（24.8%的案例属于 3.1 类危害；56.9%的案例属于 3.2 类危害；17.5%的案例属于 3.3 类危害）。精神（28.6±6.1%）和感觉（24.0±7.0%）负荷是限制因素。在开展防疫活动期间，工作制度被确定为最敏感的 WI 组成部分（其贡献率从 11.1±6.0% 增加到 16.0±5.7%，p<0.05）。35.8%的工人的工作条件属于较高危类别。 局限性。工作条件评估使用的是 30 多年前引入的阈值，可根据现有的就业条件进行调整。测试是在一个相当小的样本上完成的，该样本在性别上存在偏差，并且包括不同职业和职位的工人。 结论建议的方法为评估某些职业的工作条件提供了更广泛的机会。这可以为现有卫生立法应规范的指标清单提供依据。对大流行病期间可能发生的因素变化进行调查，可以说明在工作条件没有任何恶化的情况下开展抗流行病活动的资格。
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