Computer simulations of the planar double layer geometry provide the charge profile with statistical noise. To compute the mean electrostatic potential profile from the charge profile, one must solve Poisson’s equation with appropriate boundary conditions (BC). In this work, we show that it is advantageous to use the Neumann or Dirichlet BCs at the boundaries of the simulation domain with an integrated version of Poisson’s equation. This minimises errors from the simulation’s noisy density profiles, in contrast to traditional convolution integrals that amplify the noise. The Neumann BC, where the electric field is prescribed, can be used in both the constant surface charge and constant electrode voltage ensembles. In the constant voltage ensemble, where the potential difference between the confining electrodes is prescribed, one can also use the Dirichlet BC, where the potentials at the boundaries are set. We show that the new methods provide converged results for the potential profile faster than the convolution integral does.
{"title":"Calculating the Electrostatic Potential Profiles of Double Layers from Simulation Ion Density Profiles","authors":"D. Boda, D. Gillespie","doi":"10.1515/512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/512","url":null,"abstract":"Computer simulations of the planar double layer geometry provide the charge profile with statistical noise. To compute the mean electrostatic potential profile from the charge profile, one must solve Poisson’s equation with appropriate boundary conditions (BC). In this work, we show that it is advantageous to use the Neumann or Dirichlet BCs at the boundaries of the simulation domain with an integrated version of Poisson’s equation. This minimises errors from the simulation’s noisy density profiles, in contrast to traditional convolution integrals that amplify the noise. The Neumann BC, where the electric field is prescribed, can be used in both the constant surface charge and constant electrode voltage ensembles. In the constant voltage ensemble, where the potential difference between the confining electrodes is prescribed, one can also use the Dirichlet BC, where the potentials at the boundaries are set. We show that the new methods provide converged results for the potential profile faster than the convolution integral does.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80031096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The interest in the research and application of ionic liquids has been increased worldwide, especially in petrochemical industry, nuclear industry, oil and gas industry, chemical, and electro-chemical industry. In the field of chemical operations in microwave field with ionic liquids (organic chemical synthesis, catalytic operations, etc.) new horizons opened that were supported by the dramatically increasing number of studies dealing with this question and their impact. Due to the high durability of ionic liquids as a function of temperature, a wider temperature range of operations can be accessed. In addition, it offers environmental friendly solution in the replacement of the toxic solvents with generally low volatility. The area of application extends to electrolytes of novel battery cells. The important prerequisite for application of ionic liquids is the knowledge of their physical and chemical properties. Our aim was to test the dielectric properties, viscosity, and temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity. Considering our measurements, it can be declared that the aforementioned properties show significant temperature dependence in the case of ionic liquids. This knowledge is important for the usability, design and execution of production and related optimization processes. It is particularly important that energy storage cells can be exposed to large temperature fluctuations. This study discusses the sample materials, the usage possibilities of the sample materials and the obtained results.
{"title":"Ionic Liquids in Advanced Energy Storage Cells","authors":"A. Göllei, A. Magyar","doi":"10.1515/332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/332","url":null,"abstract":"The interest in the research and application of ionic liquids has been increased worldwide, especially in petrochemical industry, nuclear industry, oil and gas industry, chemical, and electro-chemical industry. In the field of chemical operations in microwave field with ionic liquids (organic chemical synthesis, catalytic operations, etc.) new horizons opened that were supported by the dramatically increasing number of studies dealing with this question and their impact. Due to the high durability of ionic liquids as a function of temperature, a wider temperature range of operations can be accessed. In addition, it offers environmental friendly solution in the replacement of the toxic solvents with generally low volatility. The area of application extends to electrolytes of novel battery cells. The important prerequisite for application of ionic liquids is the knowledge of their physical and chemical properties. Our aim was to test the dielectric properties, viscosity, and temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity. Considering our measurements, it can be declared that the aforementioned properties show significant temperature dependence in the case of ionic liquids. This knowledge is important for the usability, design and execution of production and related optimization processes. It is particularly important that energy storage cells can be exposed to large temperature fluctuations. This study discusses the sample materials, the usage possibilities of the sample materials and the obtained results.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88164444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adrien Leitold, Brigitta Márczi, A. Pózna, M. Gerzson
Novel fault modelling and integration method were applied in the case when the faultless operation of the system was modelled by a high-level, coloured Petri net. In order to achieve realistic investigations, a timed coloured Petri net model of the system was constructed, where faults can occur in the manufacturing lines. The faultless and fault containing models were implemented in CPNTools both for non-timed and timed cases. The resulted model was investigated both via simulation and using the occurrence graph. For efficient analysis of the occurrence graph a software module called OGAnalyser was developed.
{"title":"Monitoring and Diagnosis of Manufacturing Systems Using Timed Coloured Petri Nets","authors":"Adrien Leitold, Brigitta Márczi, A. Pózna, M. Gerzson","doi":"10.1515/333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/333","url":null,"abstract":"Novel fault modelling and integration method were applied in the case when the faultless operation of the system was modelled by a high-level, coloured Petri net. In order to achieve realistic investigations, a timed coloured Petri net model of the system was constructed, where faults can occur in the manufacturing lines. The faultless and fault containing models were implemented in CPNTools both for non-timed and timed cases. The resulted model was investigated both via simulation and using the occurrence graph. For efficient analysis of the occurrence graph a software module called OGAnalyser was developed.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87554052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In chemical and hydrocarbon industry operational efficiency is improved by model-based solutions. Historical process data plays an important role in the identification and verification of models utilized by these tools. Since most of the used information are measured values, they are affected by errors influencing the quality of these models. Data reconciliaton aims the reduction of random errors to enhance the quality of data used for model development resulting in more reliable process simulators. This concept is applied to the development and validation of the complex process model and simulator of an industrial hydrogenation system. The results show the applicability of the proposed scheme in industrial environment.
{"title":"Role of Steady State Data Reconciliation in Process Model Development","authors":"Barbara Farsang, S. Németh, J. Abonyi","doi":"10.1515/340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/340","url":null,"abstract":"In chemical and hydrocarbon industry operational efficiency is improved by model-based solutions. Historical process data plays an important role in the identification and verification of models utilized by these tools. Since most of the used information are measured values, they are affected by errors influencing the quality of these models. Data reconciliaton aims the reduction of random errors to enhance the quality of data used for model development resulting in more reliable process simulators. This concept is applied to the development and validation of the complex process model and simulator of an industrial hydrogenation system. The results show the applicability of the proposed scheme in industrial environment.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91478530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study the main feature of chemical injection systems used in gas industry are detailed. The two main energy sources of these systems are air and electric power source. The general structure and main properties of these injection systems are discussed. Examples for a pneumatic commercial and a newly developed, electric system are compared.
{"title":"Design of a New Chemical Injection Pump System for Gas Hydrate Inhibition","authors":"Csaba Vörös, Viktor Füvesi, Á. Pintér","doi":"10.1515/331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/331","url":null,"abstract":"In this study the main feature of chemical injection systems used in gas industry are detailed. The two main energy sources of these systems are air and electric power source. The general structure and main properties of these injection systems are discussed. Examples for a pneumatic commercial and a newly developed, electric system are compared.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83887107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A stochastic scheduling problem is investigated in this work that considers workpieces to be manufactured according to individual recipes containing manufacturing steps performed by workstations as resources. Unexpected stochastic breakdown of a workstation or the faulty termination of a recipe, when a manufacturing failure renders the workpiece out of specifications, forms the set of immediate events. A model and an algorithm are proposed as the basis of a scheduler, which takes into account the possible immediate events, estimates their probability and suggests resource allocations which provide the best overall work-flow even when an immediate event happens. This model includes the possibility of handling alternative resources that can substitute each other in case of an immediate event, like sudden technical failure of a resource. Immediate events are not exactly predictable; however, based on previous experiences, their probabilities can be estimated. Our model uses the properties of the resources (including how they can substitute other types of resources) and the required sequence of them during the workflow (i.e. the recipes). The proposed scheduling algorithm constructs a solution workflow that reacts in the best way (in average) even for an unexpected event. The proposed model and scheduling algorithm is illustrated on two industrial case studies.
{"title":"Immediate Event-Aware Model and Algorithm of a General Scheduler","authors":"T. Dulai, A. Werner-Stark, K. Hangos","doi":"10.1515/334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/334","url":null,"abstract":"A stochastic scheduling problem is investigated in this work that considers workpieces to be manufactured according to individual recipes containing manufacturing steps performed by workstations as resources. Unexpected stochastic breakdown of a workstation or the faulty termination of a recipe, when a manufacturing failure renders the workpiece out of specifications, forms the set of immediate events. A model and an algorithm are proposed as the basis of a scheduler, which takes into account the possible immediate events, estimates their probability and suggests resource allocations which provide the best overall work-flow even when an immediate event happens. This model includes the possibility of handling alternative resources that can substitute each other in case of an immediate event, like sudden technical failure of a resource. Immediate events are not exactly predictable; however, based on previous experiences, their probabilities can be estimated. Our model uses the properties of the resources (including how they can substitute other types of resources) and the required sequence of them during the workflow (i.e. the recipes). The proposed scheduling algorithm constructs a solution workflow that reacts in the best way (in average) even for an unexpected event. The proposed model and scheduling algorithm is illustrated on two industrial case studies.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85459568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On-line analyzers can provide accurate and timely information for process control and monitoring. Statistical Process Control (SPC) techniques can be effectively utilized to support the development and maintenance of these tools. The D6299- 10 ASTM standard details how on-line analyzers should be validated. The applicability of this standard is demonstrated through the analysis of industrial data collected from an on-line gas chromatograph. The results confirm that automatized SPC can effectively improve the reliability of advanced process control systems.
{"title":"STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL BASED PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ON-LINE ANALYSERS","authors":"T. Kulcsar, J. Abonyi","doi":"10.1515/341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/341","url":null,"abstract":"On-line analyzers can provide accurate and timely information for process control and monitoring. Statistical Process Control (SPC) techniques can be effectively utilized to support the development and maintenance of these tools. The D6299- 10 ASTM standard details how on-line analyzers should be validated. The applicability of this standard is demonstrated through the analysis of industrial data collected from an on-line gas chromatograph. The results confirm that automatized SPC can effectively improve the reliability of advanced process control systems.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84064428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alíz Katona, Viktor Kovács, Dóra Tasner, Z. Kovács
Human/machine interaction is of still importance in the age of automation. Automated assembling devices are customizable products that need basic settings before installation. Capabilities of operators have to be taken into consideration in this process. This paper presents a procedure based on video recording to determine time data for machine settings. It allows the engineers to forecast the expected capacity of individual workstation and the entire production line. A case study from industry is used to illustrate the application of the system.
{"title":"Fine Tuning of Automated Assembly Machines Using Video Analysis","authors":"Alíz Katona, Viktor Kovács, Dóra Tasner, Z. Kovács","doi":"10.1515/337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/337","url":null,"abstract":"Human/machine interaction is of still importance in the age of automation. Automated assembling devices are customizable products that need basic settings before installation. Capabilities of operators have to be taken into consideration in this process. This paper presents a procedure based on video recording to determine time data for machine settings. It allows the engineers to forecast the expected capacity of individual workstation and the entire production line. A case study from industry is used to illustrate the application of the system.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84367015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A simple dynamic model of permanent magnet synchronous generator, that is used for electrical energy generation is investigated in this work using a nonlinear technique based on the quasi-polynomial representation of the dynamical model. It is well known that dynamical systems with smooth nonlinearities can be embedded in a quasi-polynomial model. Quasipolynomial systems are good candidates for a general nonlinear system representation since their global stability analysis is equivalent to the feasibility of a LMI. Moreover, the stabilizing quasi-polynomial state feedback controller design problem is equivalent to the feasibility of a bilinear matrix inequality. The classical stabilizing state feedback problem for quasipolynomial systems has been extended in this work with the ability of tracking time-dependent reference signals. It is shown, that the stabilizing quasi-polynomial servo controller design is equivalent to a bilinear matrix inequality. The results are applied to the model of a synchronous generator.
{"title":"Quasi-Polynomial Control of a Synchronous Generator","authors":"A. Magyar, A. Fodor","doi":"10.1515/338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/338","url":null,"abstract":"A simple dynamic model of permanent magnet synchronous generator, that is used for electrical energy generation is investigated in this work using a nonlinear technique based on the quasi-polynomial representation of the dynamical model. It is well known that dynamical systems with smooth nonlinearities can be embedded in a quasi-polynomial model. Quasipolynomial systems are good candidates for a general nonlinear system representation since their global stability analysis is equivalent to the feasibility of a LMI. Moreover, the stabilizing quasi-polynomial state feedback controller design problem is equivalent to the feasibility of a bilinear matrix inequality. The classical stabilizing state feedback problem for quasipolynomial systems has been extended in this work with the ability of tracking time-dependent reference signals. It is shown, that the stabilizing quasi-polynomial servo controller design is equivalent to a bilinear matrix inequality. The results are applied to the model of a synchronous generator.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78975364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The lifetime of aluminium electrolytic capacitors highly depends on their core temperature. Heat dissipation in general applications happens by the extended cathode, which is in contact with the inner side of the can. In the case of heat sink applications, the most important heat transfer phenomenon is the heat conduction through the bottom of the aluminium can. The quantity of the dissipated heat is in direct proportion to the size of the heat transfer surface. The more dissipated heat may increase the lifetime of the capacitor. Therefore, the flatness value of the can bottom is critical. This paper presents a flatness measurement method, which can successfully replace the equipment for a more complex and more expensive 3D measurement. It discusses an implementation of a measurement environment, where data acquisition and visualization are automated by a LabVIEW-based software. In addition, this study deals briefly with the influence of production processes on the flatness value of the capacitor produced by leading manufacturers.
{"title":"Influence of Can Flatness on Heat Dissipation of Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitor","authors":"L. Kovács, L. Gál, D. Fodor","doi":"10.1515/336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/336","url":null,"abstract":"The lifetime of aluminium electrolytic capacitors highly depends on their core temperature. Heat dissipation in general applications happens by the extended cathode, which is in contact with the inner side of the can. In the case of heat sink applications, the most important heat transfer phenomenon is the heat conduction through the bottom of the aluminium can. The quantity of the dissipated heat is in direct proportion to the size of the heat transfer surface. The more dissipated heat may increase the lifetime of the capacitor. Therefore, the flatness value of the can bottom is critical. This paper presents a flatness measurement method, which can successfully replace the equipment for a more complex and more expensive 3D measurement. It discusses an implementation of a measurement environment, where data acquisition and visualization are automated by a LabVIEW-based software. In addition, this study deals briefly with the influence of production processes on the flatness value of the capacitor produced by leading manufacturers.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88112082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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